CN112930324A - 液体纯化系统 - Google Patents

液体纯化系统 Download PDF

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CN112930324A
CN112930324A CN201980071125.4A CN201980071125A CN112930324A CN 112930324 A CN112930324 A CN 112930324A CN 201980071125 A CN201980071125 A CN 201980071125A CN 112930324 A CN112930324 A CN 112930324A
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sorbent
liquid
purified
supply line
filter assembly
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J·L·施密特
E·S·瓦西里耶娃
A·G·米提利诺斯
E·奥列霍夫
A·N·维尔科夫
M·A·弗罗洛娃
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Electrophor Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于纯化液体(特别是水)的系统，其使用具有预涂层的过滤组件。类似的系统广泛用于各技术领域，如各种悬浮液和加工溶液的工业过滤，过滤饮料，从水中除去石油产品等。用于纯化液体的系统，包括：具有吸着剂分配器且与过滤组件的入口连接的原液供应管线，过滤组件可形成有预涂吸着剂层并通过洗涤除去，已纯化液管线与过滤组件的已纯化液出口连接，其特征在于能够将用过的吸着剂脱水并将大部分洗涤液返回原液供应管线，其中用于分离洗涤液和吸着剂的装置与过滤组件的洗涤液出口连接，过滤组件的已净化洗涤液出口与原液供应管线连接，其中过滤组件为中空纤维组件的形式。

Description

液体纯化系统
本发明涉及液体纯化系统，其使用具有预涂吸着剂层的滤筒。这种系统旨在纯化或淡化来自不同来源的水，也用于纯化或淡化饮用水、工业溶液、废水、饮料和其他家用或工业液体。
使用具有预涂吸着剂层的滤筒的液体纯化系统和稳定的纯化预涂吸着剂层形成的方法是现有技术中已知的。已知在滤筒上形成吸着剂层有助于延长滤筒的使用寿命或提高液体纯化效率。同时，尚未解决用过的吸着剂的处理的问题。这是现有技术发明中主要缺乏的。
例如，专利US 4973404(IC B01D 37/02，优先权05.09.1989，AurianCorporation)的液体纯化系统，被选为最接近的系统，是现有技术中已知的。系统包含具有吸着剂分配器和泵的原液供应管线，与纯化筒的输入端连接。已纯化液管线与筒的已纯化液输出端连接，排放管线与筒的排放液输出端连接。
专利US 4973404的液体纯化系统分三个阶段运行。第一阶段–在滤筒中形成预涂吸着剂层，第二–液体纯化，第三–滤筒冲洗。在第一阶段，将吸着剂悬浮液从孔进入分配器中，在泵中设置最大压力。悬浮液流入纯化筒，在其中形成预涂层。
在第二阶段，通过原液供应管线将原液供应到泵的输入端。通过泵将原液导入纯化筒，其中已形成预涂吸着剂层。在那里进行液体纯化。已纯化液供给用户或进入储存容器。排放液通过排放管线流出系统，因为系统中没有再循环。
在第三阶段，泵切换到冲洗模式，已纯化液流入纯化筒。液体流将用过的吸着剂层通过排放管线冲洗到排放液中。
该系统的缺点在于，它在用过的原液和所得已纯化液之间的比方面无效。当在液体纯化期间将排放液从系统中排出时，由于已纯化液用于冲洗筒，并且在冲洗之后，已纯化液也被排入排放液中，因此会发生液体损失。将冲洗液和吸着剂一起冲洗到排放系统中，则冲洗液和吸着剂都不能再重复使用，这是该系统的主要缺点。另外，该系统不能在完全禁止废水处理的地区使用，因为如果没有该阶段，该系统将无法工作。
本发明的目的和使用本发明时实现的技术成果是开发新的液体纯化系统，在降低对环境的潜在影响的同时提高原液利用率。
通过一种液体纯化系统来解决要解决的问题并实现技术效果，该液体纯化系统包括：与滤筒的入口连接的具有吸着剂分配器的原液供应管线，滤筒形成有预涂吸着剂层并可以通过冲洗除去，已纯化液管线与滤筒的已纯化液输出端连接，其特征在于该系统构造成能够将废吸着剂脱水并将大部分冲洗液返回原液供应管线，其中冲洗液和吸着剂分离装置与滤筒的冲洗液出口连接，冲洗液和吸着剂分离装置的已净化冲洗液出口与原液供应管线连接，其中滤筒被制成中空纤维筒，吸着剂是可再生或不可再生的吸着剂，或者可再生和不可再生的吸着剂的混合物。
附图的简要说明。
图1显示了液体纯化系统。
液体纯化系统包括原液供应管线(1)和吸着剂分配器(2)；滤筒(3)与系统连接，已纯化液管线(4)与滤筒的已纯化液出口连接。冲洗液和吸着剂分离装置(5)和原液供应管线(1)与滤筒(3)的入口连接，滤筒的出口与原液供应管线(1)连接。
冲洗液和吸着剂分离装置(5)和原液供应管线(1)与滤筒(3)的入口连接，滤筒的出口与原液供应管线(1)连接。
滤筒(3)是超微或纳滤中空纤维筒，与原液供应管线(1)连接，以使原液流入纤维，已纯化液通过孔流出，筒结构允许液体能够以相反的方向(从外到内)通过而不会对筒造成机械损坏，例如，这对于反渗透筒是不可能的。
吸着剂分配器(2)可以构造成例如但不限于具有泵、RU 2614705(优先权2015年4月20日，申请人-Aquaphor Inc)的悬浮液分配器或分配装置的容器。
另外，可以在原液供应管线(1)上安装用于原水和吸着剂混合的容器(图中未示出)。
可以在系统中使用可再生以及不可再生的吸着剂或它们的混合物。例如但不限于离子交换树脂和/或离子交换微纤维，沸石可用作可再生吸着剂。例如但不限于粉末状活性炭，珍珠岩，硅藻土(diatomit)，硅藻土(kizelgur)可用作可再生吸着剂。可再生吸着剂及其混合物可再生并再次用于液体纯化系统中。颗粒直径可以为10nm至500mkm。当使用细分散的吸着剂时，这会提高冲洗后的预涂层的稳定性，因此可以提供更精细的液体纯化。
冲洗液和吸着剂分离装置(5)包括例如具有用于液体入口和出口的配件的容器。用于液体入口的配件在容器的上部。用于液体出口的配件在容器的下部。容器可以制成具有由铰链连接的底部，或容器可通过机械过滤器分成两个部分，其中一个部分是由铰链连接的。或者冲洗液和吸着剂分离装置(5)可以制成柱塞壶(法压壶(french-press))，其中烧瓶由例如聚合材料、陶瓷、有机玻璃、防震玻璃制成。从吸着剂表面排出冲洗液，然后通过振动从法压壶的烧瓶中去除吸着剂，或将吸着剂积聚在烧瓶中并与烧瓶一起处置，其为可耗竭材料。冲洗液和吸着剂分离装置(5)可以构造成具有网状或穿孔的底部的容器，其用作机械过滤器。冲洗液流过底部并返回原液供应管线(1)，吸着剂保留在容器中。吸着剂可通过振动从容器中去除或与容器一起处置，在这两种情况下吸着剂均积聚在容器中。另外，容器可具有穿孔的或网状的侧壁。任选地，容器配有压缩空气供应装置，例如压缩机，容器配有密封/不透气的外壳。容器也可配有磁搅拌器或机械搅拌器。
另外，可以在原液供应管线(1)上安装用于将吸着剂和原液初步混合的容器(图中未示出)。
另外，可以在已纯化液管线(4)上放置用于存储已纯化液的容器(图中未示出)。
在不同特征的范围内，所要求保护的液体纯化系统分两步运行。第一步，将液体纯化并形成预涂吸着剂层。第二步–用冲洗液冲洗吸着剂并释放吸着剂，然后将冲洗液返回系统。
在第一阶段，原液沿着原液供应管线(1)流动，并在流中或在另外安装在原液供应管线(1)上的容器(图中未示出)中与来自吸着剂分配器(2)的吸着剂混合，杂质被部分吸收。原液和吸着剂的混合物流入滤筒(3)，在那里原液流过纤维的孔，同时吸着剂保留在中空纤维的内表面，形成预涂层。当原液通过中空纤维时，杂质继续被吸附。已纯化液沿着已纯化液管线(4)流向用户或流入已纯化液存储容器(图中未示出)。吸着剂的供应只在过滤过程的开始进行，或者可以在所有过滤期间恒定或周期性进行，吸着剂悬浮液的流速可以恒定，也可以随着中空纤维内壁吸着剂层厚度的增加而降低。如果停止向原液供应管线(1)中供应吸着剂，则通过滤筒(3)的预涂吸着剂层进行的液体过滤仍继续，直到吸着能力耗尽或直到流阻达到其临界值为止，流阻定义为液体流速的降低。
在第二阶段进行冲洗。冲洗液可以是已纯化液、原液或它们的混合物。如果使用已纯化液冲洗吸着剂层，则已纯化液通过已纯化液管线(4)回流至滤筒(3)出口。由于吸着剂层仅在纤维内部形成，因此吸着剂几乎被冲洗掉。如果使用原液冲洗吸着剂层，则将原液供应管线(1)与滤筒(3)的出口连接，原液沿原液供应管线(1)进入滤筒(3)的出口。如果使用原液和已纯化液的混合物，那么两种液体一起流入滤筒(3)。流过滤筒(3)的冲洗液冲洗吸着剂层，形成混合物。冲洗液和吸着剂的混合物通过滤筒(3)入口进入冲洗液和吸着剂分离装置(5)。在装置(5)之后从吸着剂中分离出的液体进入原液供应管线(1)，在此处与原液混合，然后与之一起供应到滤筒(3)入口。因此，没有液体和吸着剂混合物的排放，用于冲洗的液体损失显著减少并显著消除了，因为液体返回系统。
为了在冲洗液和吸着剂分离装置(5)中排出吸着剂，可以存储吸着剂，或者添加絮凝剂或凝结剂以加快沉降，或者可以通过机械过滤器进行过滤。如果使用絮凝剂或凝结剂，则估算其用量，以使其主要与装置(5)中的所有吸着剂起反应。如果少量的絮凝剂或凝结剂残留在冲洗液中并与之一起进入原液，则这些量会通过滤筒(3)进行过滤，因此没有试剂进入已纯化液。
在冲洗液和吸着剂分离之后，残留在冲洗液和吸着剂分离装置(5)中的显著脱水的吸着剂可以被回收。如果使用了可再生吸着剂，则可以将其再生。这种情况下的再生非常有效，因为吸着剂被浓缩，没有被冲洗液稀释-只需少量的再生液就足以将其回收。再生后，吸着剂可再次用于液体纯化系统。当使用不可再生的吸着剂如活性炭时，可以将其丢弃。
所述液体纯化系统对环境友好，不仅有助于降低废水中的杂质浓度，而且还可以减少废水的量。由于吸着剂的脱水及其循环，仅使用少量的试剂(如果吸着剂是可再生的)和液体(如果吸着剂是不可再生的)，有机会使用粉末状的吸着剂，从而导致液体纯化度提高。而且，冲洗液返回原液供应管线减少了废水量，并提高了系统的生态安全性。
本发明说明书提出了本发明的优选实施方案。可以在权利要求的范围内对其进行改变，因此本发明可以广泛应用。

Claims (2)

1.一种液体纯化系统，其包括：与滤筒的入口连接的具有吸着剂分配器的原液供应管线，滤筒形成有预涂吸着剂层并可通过冲洗除去，已纯化液管线与滤筒的已纯化液输出端连接，其特征在于所述系统构造成能够将废吸着剂脱水并将大部分冲洗液返回原液供应管线，其中冲洗液和吸着剂分离装置与滤筒的冲洗液出口连接，冲洗液和吸着剂分离装置的已净化冲洗液出口与原液供应管线连接，其中滤筒被制成中空纤维筒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液体纯化系统，其特征在于吸着剂是可再生或不可再生的吸着剂，或者是可再生和不可再生的吸着剂的混合物。
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