CN1129055A - Breeding method for hybrid rice - Google Patents

Abstract

The hybrid rice seed of "II fine 838" is bred from the recovery series of "Fuhui 838" and the sterile series of "II-32A". The main characteristic of it is that it has good high-yield property, and its quality and resistance are better than that of "Shan fine 63" and its breeding quantity increases 50-100 kg/mu than that of "shan fine 63".

Description

The producing method for seed of a kind of hybrid rice

The present invention relates to the producing method for seed of a kind of hybrid rice.

Hybrid rice is at first seed selection success of China, and application production more than two decades, and accumulative total is promoted 2,400,000,000 mu, and accumulative total is increased production paddy and reached 2,400 hundred million kilograms, for major contribution has been made in China's increases in grain production.Mainly promote area-medium rice district at hybrid rice, since a collection of high-yield hybrid semilate rice combinations such as the eighties Shanyou 63 in mid-term are promoted the use of, between more than ten years,, on output, never significantly broken through the combination of Shanyou 63 though also bred many new combinations.Therefore, China's medium rice grain yield is paced up and down on same horizontal line always in recent years.In order to solve day by day the population that the increases demand to grain, the output that improves unit are is particularly necessary, and the urgent need high yield newly makes up the replacement Shanyou 63 in productions.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high yield, high-quality, hybrid rice newly makes up efficiently.

The present invention is to be female parent with male sterile line " II-32A ", makes male parent, slow ripe hybrid rice among the middle Xian that combo forms with recovering system's " spoke extensive 838 ".

Maternal male sterile line " II-32A " is Indonesia's paddy field male sterile line that Hunan Research Centre for Hybrid Rice breeds, and introduction breeding in 1986 is purified and surveyed combo and close.

Male parent is recovered system's " spoke extensive 838 " and is formed with the method seed selection that hybridization combines with radiation.Its seed selection process is: with safe radiation early-maturing mutant spoke extensive 06 and the strain of big grain glutinous rice of drawing No. 1 is that to breed that glutinous rice recovers be 226 in 80182 (the glutinous X IR1529 choosing of bamboo cloud systems) hybridization, shine bright extensive 63 dry seedses with gamma-rays 400GY and obtain precocious 4 days r2 mutantion line 552, again with 226 and 552 hybridization, select to survey extensively through 4 years 6 generations, stablize and be.This shows that " spoke extensive 838 " main relationship has bright extensive 63, Thailand to draw No. 1 and the radiomutation gene, also has genetic recombination between the mutation of non-glutinous rice glutinous rice.Its main feature is the restoring degree height, and hybrid vigour is strong, than blast resisting, and the pollen abundance.

The feature of " spoke extensive 838 " is: plant height 100-110cm, and cane is sturdy, leaf look viridescent, sword-like leave is upright firmly, and is colourless between leaf sheath, internode and bran, stem 15 leaves, the 130 days time of infertility.Broadcast the phase of taking out than bright extensive 63 Zao 7-8 days.On in the tillering ability, the big grain of big fringe, main fringe grain more than 140, and circularity is good, and thousand kernel weight 33 grams are than bright extensive 63 heavy 3-4 grams.The long 9.5mm of grain, wide 3.5mm, aspect ratio 2.7.Substantially there is not awns, the short awns of minority grain, the grain of rice is semi-transparent, and rice matter is better.

Seeding technique main points of the present invention are as follows:

One, reserves this sowing time of father and mother, guarantee flower synchronization

Maternal " II-32A " is longer breeding time, and 15 leaves of the stem number of blade are broadcast about 90 days phases beginning in Sichuan Province's production of hybrid seeds.Male parent " spoke extensive 838 " is than bright extensive 63 Zao 7-8 days, than II-32 only about 2 days late, and average 15 leaves of stem blade.Therefore these combination production of hybrid seeds father and mother originally are the sowing same period in principle.As adopting 1 phase male parent, father and mother are sowing on the same day originally; As adopt the sowing of 2 phases, and first phase male parent was than sowing in maternal Zao 4 days, and second phase male parent was than sowing in maternal slow 3 days.Certainly because different environment and cultivation conditions can influence heading stage, thus also the same with other hybrid rice production of hybrid seeds, except the date of seeding of harmonizing, also to investigate the maternal growth course of ear differentiation stepfather, so that by short its balanced growth of cultivation step, realize the full high yield of meeting.

Two, cultivate strong seedling, create the seed production and high-yield basis

This basic indifference phase of " II excellent 838 " production of hybrid seeds father and mother, maternal and male parent can be transplanted seedlings simultaneously, and perhaps male parent is planted the back and planted female parent in 2-3 days, therefore will stop maternal rice seedling bed, uses sufficient base fertilizer, skilful spraying fertilizer.Male parent preferably adopts 5 * 5cm pendulum to broadcast seedling, and nursery period 30-40 days, every strain band tiller 5-10 was individual during transplanting.10 kilograms of maternal mu seeding quantitys, average every strain band tiller is about 3 during transplanting.

Three, father and mother's one's own profession than and plant density

Maternal sufficient fringe, the male parent foot-powder is the key of seed production and high-yield, should guarantee that mu originally has enough effective fringes, guarantees that again male parent has enough pollen supplies when therefore considering father and mother's one's own profession ratio and planting density." II excellent 838 " this plant of father and mother is all taller and bigger, and property in great numbers is good, and cane is sturdy, fertilizer resistance anti-lodging, father and mother's one's own profession ratio can 1: 10 or 2: 14 two kinds.For pollinate convenient 2: 14 better, 30 centimetres of two row male parents distances, spacing in the rows 15cm, two strain band tiller seedlings are inserted in every cave, maternal seeding row spacing is two these transplantings of 13 * 15cm.

Four, do field management well

1, heavy base fertilizer application, early spraying fertilizer.General base fertilizer accounts for more than 70%, and many organic fertilizers of having ready conditions are executed people's animal manure 30 loads of becoming thoroughly decomposed for every mu, 50 kilograms of carbon amine, and 50 kilograms of superphosphate, 10 kilograms in potassium chloride imposes urea 8-10 kilogram after turning green, short early growth and quick tiller.In time put field control ineffective tillering behind the seedling foot, the later stage does wet, supports Ye Baogen.

2, suitably enrich ear manuer.Before heading 10-12 days every mu execute 5 kilograms in potassium chloride, 3 kilograms in urea can reduce grain husk flower and degenerate, and promotes the male parent anther development, increases maternal stigma exposing ratio.

3, spray seed strong fertilizer.Pollination finishes the every mu of spray in back potassium dihydrogen phosphate 130-200 gram, promotes oxygen to divide running, reduces blighted grain, increases thousand kernel weight, improves output.

4, prevention and elimination of disease and pests.

Five, removal of impurities is protected pure

Removing assorted strain is the important step that guarantees seed production purity, absolutely can not general idea.Because assorted strain of minority or variant all appear in a variety of causes inevitably in male parent and female parent, must remove before pollination." II-32A " great advantage is that outcrossing is good, the hybrid seed yield height, but shortcoming is to contain little efficient recovery gene, assorted strain rate is higher, so this class combination impurities removal more seems important.Educated strain in the female parent is generally than normal sterile strain heading in Zao 1-2 days, and the investigation removal of impurities therefore is about to begin when female parent is seen fringe.

Six, spray " 920 "

This combination male sterile line sword-like leave is shorter, and phimosis is lighter, and is responsive to the gibberellin reaction, can scotch leaf, and sprayed female the branch with the 12-15 gram for three times.At heading spray in 10% o'clock 4 grams, spray the 6-8 gram next day for the second time for the first time, spray in the 3rd day is 3 grams for the third time.General 9-10 hour of grasping after the morning, dew was done of the time that sprays.

Seven, bamboo pole supplementary pollination

When the male parent female parent is all bloomed, catch up with pollen with 2.5 meters long bamboo poles, highly locate to touch heavily to shake at the middle part or 2/3rds of male parent plant height, make pollen become parabolical to distribute to female parent, catch up with powder 2-3 every day.

Culture technique main points of the present invention: this makes up wide adaptability, can plant the area of Shanyou 63 and all can plant.1 kilogram of every mu of sowing quantity by local paddy rice suitable sowing date sowing, length of time rice seedlings grow 40-45 days, is planted density 25 * 15cm, or with the capable cultivation of width of (33+13) * 13cm, plant basic seedling 13-14 ten thousand for every mu, the highest seedling 280,000, effectively fringe 17-19 ten thousand, heavy dressing base manure early topdresses, and sprays foliage fertilizer heading stage.

" II excellent 838 " feature: in the 150 days time of infertility, omited long 2-3 days than Shanyou 63, than II excellent 63 precocious 3-4 days.On in the tillering ability, property in great numbers is good, leaf look viridescent, and sword-like leave is upright.Plant height 110-115cm, bar are slightly resistant to lodging.The later stage annesl is good, the yellow bar green grass or young crops of paddy, no early ageing phenomenon.Spike length 25cm, every fringe 150 of grains, ripening rate 85-95%, thousand kernel weight 28-29 gram.Do not have long awns in the grain, the translucent white belly of the grain of rice is little, brown rice rate 80.4%, and polished rice rate 70.6%, rice is of fine quality in Shanyou 63.Blast resisting and bacterial leaf-blight in germ inoculation evaluation and establishing in large scale performance.

" II excellent 838 " output and resistance performance: carried out output comparative test average yield per mu 599.25Kg in 2 years in 1991-1992, comparison is according to Shanyou 63 550Kg volume increase 8.95%.Participated in Sichuan Province's regional test in 1993 first, 17 some average yield per mu 521.3Kg occupy the combination first place of participating in the experiment, and than Shanyou 63 483.2Kg volume increase 7.68%, wherein on average increase production arrival 17.83% at 6 points in section, Chuan Dong hills; Continued to participate in provinces and regions examination average yield per mu 576.86Kg in 1994, than 2.98%, two year provinces and regions of Shanyou 63 per mu yield 559.92Kg volume increase examination average yield per mu 548.45Kg, than Shanyou 63 per mu yield 521.56Kg volume increase 5.16%.Compared test per mu yield 808.0 and 821.5Kg respectively in continuous 2 years at Xichang of Pan Xi ecotope 1993-1994 of the institute of agricultural sciences, average yield per mu 814.75Kg is than Shanyou 63 average yield per mu 698.25Kg volume increase 16.68%.Five of Chongqing in 1994, Hejiang, Meishans etc. are pressed unified scheme and are carried out production test, and average yield per mu 630.32Kg is than Shanyou 63 per mu yield 592.2Kg volume increase 6.4%.Participated in whole nation district examination per mu yield 604.33Kg in 1994, occupy first, than 582.41 kilograms of volume increase 3.76% of Shanyou 63 per mu yield.

In the comparative tests in 4 years, regional test, production test and large-scale demonstration, " II excellent 838 " performance is resistant to lodging, high temperature resistant, and field resistance is good.2 years three some Pyricularia oryzaes inoculation qualification results, leaf pest 3-6 level, in anti-neck pest, average attack rate 15.1%, comparison is according to Shanyou 63 (leaf pest 6-9 level, neck pest average attack rate 52.2%), resistance obviously improves.

Table 1 is " II excellent 838 " blast resisting kind qualification result.

Table 2 is " II excellent 838 " ripening rate and the solid comparison of other hybrid rices.

The excellent 838 blast resisting kind qualification results of table 1 II

		II excellent 838			Shanyou 63 (CK)
								Identify the time	Identify unit	The leaf pest	The neck pest		Leaf pest neck pest
		Rank	The incidence of disease	Rank	Rank	The incidence of disease	Rank
								1993	Sichuan paddy rice institute of Institute of Plant Protection, the Sichuan inland river institute of agricultural sciences	???3 ???4 ???4	???7.0％ ???10.71％ ???0.0％	???3 ???5 ???0	???9 ???9 ???6	????85.0％ ????54.8％ ????—	??9 ??9 ??1
1994	Institute of Plant Protection, the Sichuan inland river institute of agricultural sciences of Sichuan paddy rice institute	???6 ???5 ???6	???24.0％ ???48.7％ ???0.0％	???5 ???7 ???0	???9 ???9 ???6	????82.0％ ????91.3％ ????0.0％	??9 ??9 ??0
								Identify for 6 times average		???5	???15.1％	???3	???8	????52.2％	??6

Excellent 838 ripening rates of table 2 II and the solid comparison of other hybrid rices

(examination of provinces and regions, Sichuan in 1993)

Combination	II excellent 838	II excellent 86	II excellent 503	II excellent 66	The excellent 54-1 of II	II excellent 1539	II excellent 85	No. 5, the excellent polyphyly of Shan	No. 1, the excellent polyphyly in ridge	Excellent 1 704	Shanyou 63
												Ripening rate (%)	???86.4	??78.3	??79.4	?80.6	??77.4	??77.8	??77.4	??82.9	???81.7	???82.3	?81.5

Claims (2)

1. the producing method for seed of a hybrid rice is characterized in that to recover system " spoke extensive 838 " and male sterile line " II-32A " preparing hybrid kind " II excellent 838 ".

2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that recovering system's " spoke extensive 838 " is to form with the method seed selection that hybridization combines with radiation, its seed selection process is: is 80182 with the safe radiation early-maturing mutant spoke extensive 06 that draws No. 1 with the strain of big grain glutinous rice, it is 226 that the glutinous rice recovery is bred in hybridization, shine bright extensive 63 dry seedses with gamma-rays 400GY and obtain precocious 4 days r2 mutantion line 552, again with 226 and 552 hybridization, select to survey extensively through 4 years 6 generations, stablize and be.