CN1058132C - Breeding method for hybrid rice - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a breeding method for hybrid rice, which is characterized in that 'fuhui 838' of a restoring line and 'II-32A' of a sterility line are prepared into the hybrid of 'II U838'. The present invention has the main characteristics of good yielding capability and better quality and resistance than U63, and the quantity of seed production is increased in yield by 50 to100 kilograms per mu than U63.

Description

The producing method for seed of a kind of hybrid rice

The present invention relates to the producing method for seed of a kind of hybrid rice.

At first seed selection is successful in China for hybrid rice, and uses and produced 28 years, and accumulative total is promoted 2,400,000,000 mu, and accumulative total is increased production paddy and reached 2,400 hundred million kilograms, for major contribution has been made in China's increases in grain production.Mainly promote the area at hybrid rice---the medium rice district, since a collection of high-yield hybrid semilate rice combinations such as the eighties Shanyou 63 in mid-term are promoted the use of, between more than ten years, though also bred many new combinations, never significantly broken through the combination of Shanyou 63 on output.Therefore, China's medium rice grain yield is paced up and down on same horizontal line always in recent years.In order to solve day by day the population that the increases demand to grain, the output that improves unit are is particularly necessary, and the urgent need high yield newly makes up the replacement Shanyou 63 in productions.Because the breeder is eager for instant success and quick profits, fail to study well seeding technique, make present hybrid rice seed quality seriously descend peasant's strong reaction.

The object of the present invention is to provide the producing method for seed of a kind of hybrid rice, purity of crossbreed and quality are improved.

Below narrate main contents of the present invention:

The producing method for seed of a kind of hybrid rice, it is characterized in that to recover system's " spoke extensive 838 " be male parent, with male sterile line " II-32A " is female parent, father and mother's one's own profession ratio is 1: 10 or 2: 14, and father and mother sow this same period, control ineffective tillering in seedling stage, before pollination, pull out assorted strain and variant, pollination phase artificial pollination every day 2-3 time, 10-12 days potassium applications and nitrogenous fertilizer are executed phosphorus potash fertilizer after pollination before heading.

Seeding technique main points of the present invention are as follows:

One, reserves this sowing time of father and mother, guarantee flower synchronization

Maternal " II-32A " is longer breeding time, and 15 leaves of the stem number of blade are broadcast about 90 days phases beginning in Sichuan Province's production of hybrid seeds.Male parent " spoke extensive 838 " is than bright extensive 63 Zao 7-8 days, than II-32 only about 2 days late, and average 15 leaves of stem blade.Therefore these combination production of hybrid seeds father and mother originally are the sowing same period in principle.As adopting 1 phase male parent, father and mother are sowing on the same day originally; As adopt the sowing of 2 phases, and first phase male parent was than sowing in maternal Zao 4 days, and second phase male parent was than sowing in maternal slow 3 days.Certainly because different environment and cultivation conditions can influence heading stage, thus also the same with other hybrid rice production of hybrid seeds, except the date of seeding of harmonizing, also to investigate the maternal growth course of ear differentiation stepfather, so that, realize high yield by short its balanced growth of cultivation step.

Two, cultivate strong seedling, create the seed production and high-yield basis

This basic indifference phase of " II excellent 838 " production of hybrid seeds father and mother, maternal and male parent can be transplanted seedlings simultaneously, and perhaps male parent is planted the back and planted female parent in 2-3 days, therefore will stop maternal rice seedling bed, uses sufficient base fertilizer, skilful spraying fertilizer.Male parent preferably adopts 5 * 5cm pendulum to broadcast seedling, and nursery period 30-40 days, every strain band tiller 5-10 was individual during transplanting.10 kilograms of maternal mu seeding quantitys, average every strain band tiller is about 3 during transplanting.

Three, father and mother's one's own profession than and plant density

Maternal sufficient fringe, the male parent foot-powder is the key of seed production and high-yield, should guarantee that mu originally has enough effective fringes, guarantees that again male parent has enough pollen supplies when therefore considering father and mother's one's own profession ratio and planting density." II excellent 838 " this plant of father and mother is all taller and bigger, and property in great numbers is good, and cane is sturdy, fertilizer resistance anti-lodging, father and mother's one's own profession ratio can 1: 10 or 2: 14 two kinds.For pollinate convenient 2: 14 better, 30 centimetres of two row male parents distances, two strain band tiller seedlings are inserted in the every cave of spacing in the rows 15cm, maternal seeding row spacing is two these transplantings of 13 * 15cm.

Four, do field management well

1, heavy base fertilizer application, early spraying fertilizer.General base fertilizer accounts for more than 70%, and many organic fertilizers of having ready conditions are executed people's animal manure 30 loads of becoming thoroughly decomposed for every mu, 50 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, and 50 kilograms of superphosphate, 10 kilograms in potassium chloride imposes urea 8-10 kilogram after turning green, short early growth and quick tiller.In time put field control ineffective tillering behind the seedling foot, the later stage does wet, supports Ye Baogen.

2, suitably enrich ear manuer.Before heading 10-12 days every mu execute 5 kilograms in potassium chloride, 3 kilograms in urea can reduce grain husk flower and degenerate, and promotes the male parent anther development, increases maternal stigma exposing ratio.

3, spray seed strong fertilizer.Pollination finishes the every mu of spray in back potassium dihydrogen phosphate 130-200 gram, promotes nutrient operation, reduces blighted grain, increases thousand kernel weight, improves output.

4, prevention and elimination of disease and pests.

Five, removal of impurities is protected pure

Removing assorted strain is the important step that guarantees seed production purity, absolutely can not general idea.Because assorted strain of minority or variant all appear in a variety of causes inevitably in male parent and female parent.Must before pollination, remove." II-32A " great advantage is that outcrossing is good, the hybrid seed yield height, but shortcoming is to contain little efficient recovery gene, assorted strain rate is higher, so this class combination impurities removal more seems important.Educated strain in the female parent is generally than normal sterile strain heading in Zao 1-2 days, and the investigation removal of impurities therefore is about to begin when female parent is seen fringe.

Six, spray " 920 "

This combination male sterile line sword-like leave is shorter, and phimosis is lighter, and is responsive to the gibberellin reaction, can scotch leaf, and mu restrains to divide with 12-15 and sprayed for three times.At heading spray in 10% o'clock 4 grams, spray the 6-8 gram next day for the second time for the first time, spray in the 3rd day is 3 grams for the third time.General 9-10 hour of grasping after the morning, dew was done of the time that sprays.

Seven, bamboo pole supplementary pollination

When the male parent female parent is all bloomed, catch up with pollen with 2.5 meters long bamboo poles, highly locate to touch heavily to shake at the middle part or 2/3rds of male parent plant height, make pollen become parabolical to distribute to female parent, catch up with powder 2-3 every day.

The present invention compares than prior art has following typical advantages:

1, crossbreed wide adaptability of the present invention can be planted the area of Shanyou 63 and all can be planted, and the whole nation estimates that plantable area is above 300,000,000 mu.

2, crossbreed output height of the present invention, strong stress resistance: 1991-1992 carried out output comparative test average yield per mu 599.25kg in 2 years, and comparison is according to Shanyou 63 per mu yield 550kg volume increase 8.95%.Participated in Sichuan Province's regional test in 1993 first, 17 some average yield per mu 521.3kg occupy the combination first place of participating in the experiment, and than Shanyou 63 per mu yield 483.2kg volume increase 7.68%, wherein on average increase production arrival 17.83% at 6 points in section, Chuan Dong hills; Continued to participate in provinces and regions examination average yield per mu 576.86kg in 1994, than 2.98%, two year provinces and regions of Shanyou 63 per mu yield 559.92kg volume increase examination average yield per mu 548.45kg, than Shanyou 63 per mu yield 521.56kg volume increase 5.16%.Compared test per mu yield 808.0 and 821.5kg respectively in continuous 2 years at Xichang of Pan Xi ecotope 1993-1994 of the institute of agricultural sciences, average yield per mu 814.75kg is than Shanyou 63 average yield per mu 698.25kg volume increase 16.68%.Five of Chongqing in 1994, Hejiang, Meishans etc. are pressed unified scheme and are carried out production test, and average yield per mu 630.32kg is than Shanyou 63 per mu yield 592.2kg volume increase 6.4%.Participated in whole nation district examination per mu yield 604.33kg in 1994, occupy first, than 582.41 kilograms of volume increase 3.76% of Shanyou 63 per mu yield.

In the comparative tests in 4 years, regional test, production test and large-scale demonstration, " II excellent 838 " performance is resistant to lodging, high temperature resistant, and field resistance is good.2 years three some Pyricularia oryzaes inoculation qualification results, leaf pest 3-6 level, in anti-neck pest, average attack rate 15.1%, comparison is according to Shanyou 63 (leaf pest 6-9 level, neck pest average attack rate 52.2%), resistance obviously improves.

Table 1 is " II excellent 838 " blast resisting kind qualification result

Identify the time	Identify unit	II excellent 838			Shanyou 63 (CK)
										The leaf pest	The neck pest		The leaf pest	The neck pest
Identify the time	Identify unit	Rank	The incidence of disease	Rank	Rank	The incidence of disease	Rank
								1993	Sichuan paddy rice institute of Institute of Plant Protection, the Sichuan inland river institute of agricultural sciences	3 4 4	7.0％ 10.71％ 0.0％	3 5 0	9 9 6	85.0％ 54.8％	9 9 1
1994	Institute of Plant Protection, the Sichuan inland river institute of agricultural sciences of Sichuan paddy rice institute	6 5 6	24.0％ 48.7％ 0.0％	5 7 0	9 9 6	82.0％ 91.3％ 0.0％	9 9 0
								Identify for 6 times average		5	15.1％	3	8	52.2％	6

Excellent 838 ripening rates of table 2 II and the solid comparison of other hybrid rices

Combination	II excellent 838	II excellent 86	II excellent 503	II excellent 66	The excellent 54-1 of II	II excellent 1539	II excellent 85	No. 5, II major clique	No. 1, II major clique	II excellent 704	II excellent 63
												Ripening rate %	86.4	78.3	79.4	80.6	77.4	77.8	77.4	82.9	81.7	82.3	81.5

Below narrate embodiments of the invention:

The present invention is a male parent to recover system's " spoke extensive 838 ", is maternal preparing hybrid kind with male sterile line " II-32A ", and concrete producing method for seed is seen main contents part of the present invention.

Maternal male sterile line of the present invention " II-32A " is Indonesia's paddy field male sterile line that Hunan Research Centre for Hybrid Rice breeds, and introduction breeding in 1986 is purified and surveyed combo and close.

Male parent of the present invention is recovered system's " spoke extensive 838 " and is formed with the method seed selection that hybridization combines with radiation.Its seed selection process is: with safe radiation early-maturing mutant spoke extensive 06 and the strain of big grain glutinous rice of drawing No. 1 is that to breed that glutinous rice recovers be 226 in 80182 (the glutinous X IR1529 choosing of bamboo cloud systems) hybridization, shine bright extensive 63 dry seedses with gamma-rays 400GY and obtain precocious 4 days r2 mutantion line 552, again with 226 and 552 hybridization, select to survey extensively through 4 years 6 generations, stablize and be.This shows that " spoke extensive 838 " main relationship has bright extensive 63, Thailand to draw No. 1 and the radiomutation gene, also has genetic recombination between the mutation of long-grained nonglutinous rice glutinous rice.Its main feature is the restoring degree height, and hybrid vigour is strong, than blast resisting, and the pollen abundance.

The feature of " spoke extensive 838 " is: plant height 100-110cm, and cane is sturdy, leaf look viridescent, sword-like leave is upright firmly, and is colourless between leaf sheath, internode and bran, stem 15 leaves, the 130 days time of infertility.Broadcast the phase of taking out than bright extensive 63 Zao 7-8 days.On in the tillering ability, the big grain of big fringe, main fringe grain more than 140, and circularity is good, and thousand kernel weight 33 grams are than bright extensive 63 heavy 3-4 grams.The long 9.5mm of grain, wide 3.5mm, aspect ratio 2.7.Substantially there is not awns, the short awns of minority grain, the grain of rice is semi-transparent, and rice matter is better.

Crossbreed of the present invention " II excellent 838 " feature: in the 150 days time of infertility, omited long 2-3 days than Shanyou 63, than II excellent 63 precocious 3-4 days.On in the tillering ability, property in great numbers is good, leaf look viridescent, and sword-like leave is upright.Plant height 110-115cm, bar are slightly resistant to lodging.The later stage annesl is good, the yellow bar green grass or young crops of paddy, no early ageing phenomenon.Spike length 25cm, every fringe 150 of grains, ripening rate 85-95%, thousand kernel weight 28-29 gram.Do not have long awns in the grain, the translucent white belly of the grain of rice is little, brown rice rate 80.4%, and polished rice rate 70.6%, rice is of fine quality in Shanyou 63.Blast resisting and bacterial leaf-blight in germ inoculation evaluation and establishing in large scale performance.

The culture technique main points of crossbreed of the present invention: this makes up wide adaptability, can plant the area of Shanyou 63 and all can plant.1 kilogram of every mu of sowing quantity by local paddy rice suitable sowing date sowing, length of time rice seedlings grow 40-45 days, is planted density 25 * 15cm, or with the capable cultivation of width of (33+13) * 13cm, plant basic seedling 13-14 ten thousand for every mu, the highest seedling 280,000, effectively fringe 17-19 ten thousand, heavy dressing base manure early topdresses, and sprays foliage fertilizer heading stage.

Claims (2)

1, the producing method for seed of a kind of hybrid rice, it is characterized in that to recover system's " spoke extensive 838 " be male parent, with male sterile line " II-32A " is female parent, father and mother's one's own profession ratio is 1: 10 or 2: 14, and father and mother sow this same period, control ineffective tillering in seedling stage, before pollination, pull out assorted strain and variant, pollination phase artificial pollination every day 2-3 time, 10-12 days potassium applications and nitrogenous fertilizer are executed phosphorus potash fertilizer after pollination before heading.

2, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that recovering system's " spoke extensive 838 " forms with the method seed selection that hybridization combines with radiation.