CN112898328A - 一种偶联双bodipy类荧光染料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料及其制备方法,‑78℃条件下,通过FeCl3/CH3NO2催化作用,在BODIPY单体的β位形成C‑C共价键,一步法合成得到偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料。该制备方法反应步骤简单、反应条件温和、产率高。该荧光染料相较于BODIPY单体化合物,其吸收和发射波长发生显著红移,溶解性良好,在溶剂中发射很强的红色荧光,斯托克斯位移增加至60nm以上,在红外/近红外区生物荧光成像以及光动力学疗法领域有广泛的潜在应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机化合物合成、功能性荧光染料和精细化工技术领域,具体涉及一种偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近红外荧光染料的吸收和发射波长为650-1100nm,对生物体一些组分而言,在可见光区自身有较高的吸收和散射,而且存在一定的自荧光干扰,在近红外范围内测试吸收较少,能够大大降低背景干扰、荧光与光散射,可以提高生物检测的灵敏度和选择性。由于其可以广泛应用在细胞成像、光动力疗法、荧光探针、光学成像、荧光传感器、太阳能电池等方面,因此成为了近年来的研究焦点。到目前为止,偶氮染料、醌染料、酞菁染料等近红外染料已被广泛研究和应用,但是其结构缺陷会导致性质不理想,如光稳定性差、荧光量子产率低、对溶剂极性及环境pH敏感等,限制了其应用和发展。而近几十年来发展起来的近红外BODIPY染料弥补了原有染料的缺陷,以其优异的光物理特性受到研究者的青睐。
氟硼二吡咯类(Boron-dipyrromethene,简称BODIPY)染料是一类性能优异的荧光材料,具有良好的光物理和光化学性质,如高荧光量子产率、大的摩尔消光系数、良好的光热稳定性和生物相容性,BODIPY类染料被认为是生物相关的荧光成像领域最有前途的候选染料之一。但BODIPY染料的可见吸收和发射波长集中在500nm附近,限制了其在生物领域的应用。BODIPY母体3,5位的甲基具有一定的化学活性,可与不同的芳醛通过Knoevenagel缩合反应生成芳基乙烯基形成扩展的共轭体系,达到吸收和发射波长红移的目的,但该反应通常存在着反应温度高、产率低等问题;而通过修饰BODIPY母体结构2,6位来扩大共轭结构大多数都需要先引入卤素,然后进行钯催化的交叉偶联,存在着合成步骤多、难度大等问题,限制了其在生物医学等领域的应用。因此需要一种简单高效的合成方法,直接在BODIPY母体的β位形成C-C共价键,得到长吸收/发射波长、光物理性质优良的新型荧光染料。尽管有文献报道了C-C共价键直接偶联的双BODIPY衍生物的合成,但存在着产物多、产率低等问题[J.Am.Chem.Soc.2011,133,8633-8645]。因此,发现出新的高效合成方方法具有重要的意义。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料。本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述的偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料的制备方法。
技术方案:为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
本发明的一种偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料及其制备方法,其特征在于,其结构通式如下:
一种偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料衍生物的制备方法,步骤如下:
1)在无水无氧条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入干燥的二氯甲烷和单BODIPY衍生物,反应体系温度降至-78℃,用进样器逐滴加入含有FeCl3的硝基甲烷(CH3NO2)溶液,反应10~30分钟;其中,BODIPY衍生物和FeCl3的摩尔比为1∶4~8。
2)将反应物升至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,分离有机层,水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析分离提纯,洗脱剂二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1,得到黑绿色固体产物。
具体化学反应式如下:
上述步骤(1)中,BODIPY衍生物和FeCl3的摩尔比为1∶4~8。
上述步骤(1)中,BODIPY衍生物与硝基甲烷的摩尔比为1∶100~130。
上述步骤(2)中,硅胶柱层析分离洗脱剂为二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1。
本发明的有益效果
与现有技术相比,本发明的一种偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料及其制备方法具有的优点有:(1)制备方法简便易行,两个BODIPY单体的β位形成C-C共价键,实现电子吸收和荧光发射波长明显红移的效果。(2)该合成方法产率显著提高,可提高至70%。(3)该荧光染料在溶剂中发射出很强的红色荧光,斯托克斯位移显著增加,可应用于红外/近红外区生物荧光成像以及光动力学疗法等领域。
附图说明
图1是化合物1的紫外-可见吸收光谱图;
图2是化合物1的荧光发射光谱图;
图3是化合物2的紫外-可见吸收光谱图;
图4是化合物2的荧光发射光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体附图对本发明做进一步的说明。
用1H-NMR、MALDI-TOF-MS谱表征并证实BODIPY类荧光染料的结构。检测所用仪器为:Bruker ARX600型核磁共振仪(TMS为内标,氘代氯仿为溶剂),岛津UV-3100型紫外-可见分光光度计(扫描范围300~900nm,光路狭缝2nm),荧光光谱用美国Amico Bowman Series2 Luminescence Spectrometer测试。
实施例1
无水无氧条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入干燥的二氯甲烷(60mL)和3,5-二甲基-8-(1-萘)-BODIPY(104mg,0.3mmol),反应体系温度降至-78℃,用进样器逐滴加入含有FeCl3(194mg,1.2mmol)的硝基甲烷溶液(1.6mL),反应30min;将反应体系升至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,分离有机层,水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析分离提纯,洗脱剂二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1,得到黑绿色固体产物1(76mg,73%)。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3):δ7.94-7.96(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.87-7.88(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.81-7.82(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.50-7.53(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.46-7.49(m,4H),7.37-7.39(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.42-6.43(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),6.28-6.29(d,J=4.8Hz,2H),6.17-6.18(d,J=4.2Hz,2H),2.65(s,6H),2.47(s,6H);MALDI-TOF-MS:calcd(C42H32B2F4N4)m/z:690.27;found:690.51[M]。
UV-vis:579nm(图1);Emission Wavelength:641nm(图2)。
实施例2
无水无氧条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入干燥的二氯甲烷(60mL)和3,5-二甲基-8-(1-萘)-BODIPY(104mg,0.3mmol),反应体系温度降至-78℃,用进样器逐滴加入FeCl3(389mg,2.4mmol)的硝基甲烷溶液(2.1mL),反应30min;将反应体系升至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,分离有机层,水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析分离提纯,洗脱剂二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1,得到黑绿色固体产物1(60mg,58%)。
实施例3
无水无氧条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入干燥的二氯甲烷(60mL)和3,5-二甲基-8-(1-萘)-BODIPY(104mg,0.3mmol),反应体系温度降至-78℃,用进样器逐滴加入FeCl3(48mg,0.3mmol)的硝基甲烷溶液(2.1mL),反应30min;将反应体系升至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,分离有机层,水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析分离提纯,洗脱剂二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1,得到黑绿色固体产物1(21mg,20%)。
实施例4
无水无氧条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入干燥的二氯甲烷(60mL)和3,5-二甲基-8-(1-萘)-BODIPY(104mg,0.3mmol),反应体系温度降至-78℃,直接加入FeCl3(89mg,2.4mmol),反应30min;将反应体系升至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,分离有机层,水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析分离提纯,洗脱剂二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1,得到黑绿色固体产物1(24mg,23%)。
实施例5
无水无氧条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入干燥的二氯甲烷(60mL)和3,5-二甲基-8-(1-萘)-BODIPY(104mg,0.3mmol),室温下用进样器逐滴加入含有FeCl3(194mg,1.2mmol)的硝基甲烷溶液(1.6mL),反应30min;加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,分离有机层,水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析分离提纯,洗脱剂二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1,得到黑绿色固体产物1(18mg,17%)。
实施例6
无水无氧条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入干燥的二氯甲烷(60mL)和3,5-二甲基-8-(9-蒽)-BODIPY(100mg,0.25mmol),反应体系温度降至-78℃,用进样器逐滴加入FeCl3(162mg,1mmol)的硝基甲烷溶液(1.3mL),反应20min;将反应体系升至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,分离有机层,水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析分离提纯,洗脱剂二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1,得到绿色固体产物2(73mg,70%)。1H NMR:(600MHz,CDCl3):δ8.54(s,2H),8.00-8.01(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),7.78-7.79(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),7.42-7.45(t,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.32-7.35(t,J=7.2Hz,4H),6.10-6.11(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),6.08-6.09(d,J=4.2Hz,2H),5.96(s,2H),2.65(s,6H),2.40(s,6H);MALDI-TOF-MS:calcd(C50H36B2F4N4)m/z:790.31;found:790.75[M]。
UV-vis:583nm(图3);Emission Wavelength:645nm(图4)。
实施例7
无水无氧条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入干燥的二氯甲烷(60mL)和3,5-二甲基-8-(9-蒽)-BODIPY(100mg,0.25mmol),反应体系温度降至-78℃,用进样器逐滴加入FeCl3(324mg,2mmol)的硝基甲烷溶液(1.7mL),反应20min;将反应体系升至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,分离有机层,水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析分离提纯,洗脱剂二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1,得到绿色固体产物2(51mg,52%)。
实施例8
无水无氧条件下,在圆底烧瓶中加入干燥的二氯甲烷(60mL)和3,5-二甲基-8-(9-蒽)-BODIPY(100mg,0.25mmol),室温下用进样器逐滴加入FeCl3(162mg,1mmol)的硝基甲烷溶液(1.3mL),反应20min;将反应体系升至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,分离有机层,水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析分离提纯,洗脱剂二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1,得到绿色固体产物2(14mg,15%)。
Claims (6)
2.权利要求1所述一种偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于:在-78℃条件下,在FeCl3/CH3NO2催化作用下,BODIPY单体的β位形成C-C共价键,得到偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料化合物,步骤如下:
1)无水无氧条件下,在反应容器中加入干燥的二氯甲烷和单BODIPY衍生物,反应体系温度降至-78℃,用进样器逐滴加入含有FeCl3的CH3NO2溶液;其中,BODIPY衍生物和FeCl3的摩尔比为1∶4~8;
2)将反应体系升至室温,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,分离有机层,水洗、无水硫酸钠干燥、减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析分离提纯,洗脱剂二氯甲烷∶石油醚=1∶1,得到黑绿色固体产物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,BODIPY衍生物和FeCl3的摩尔比为1∶4~8。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,BODIPY衍生物与硝基甲烷的摩尔比为1∶100~130。
5.根据权利要求2中所述的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤中反应时间控制在10~30分钟。
6.权利要求1所述一种偶联双BODIPY类荧光染料,其特征在于相较于单体BODIPY衍生物,其吸收和发射波长均发生显著红移,斯托克斯位移明显增加,可作为红外/近红外荧光染料应用于生物医学领域。
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