CN112898095A - Preparation method of cow dung organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of cow dung organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112898095A CN112898095A CN202110300305.4A CN202110300305A CN112898095A CN 112898095 A CN112898095 A CN 112898095A CN 202110300305 A CN202110300305 A CN 202110300305A CN 112898095 A CN112898095 A CN 112898095A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a cow dung organic fertilizer, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing cow dung, mulberry twig, rice bran, silkworm excrement and filter mud in a weight ratio of 100-; the composite zymocyte consists of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, clostridium kluyveri and klebsiella oceanica; stacking the compost obtained by fermentation to the height of 2-3 m and the width of the pile of 10-15 m, and carrying out secondary fermentation for 10-15 days; and crushing, granulating and drying the material obtained by secondary fermentation to obtain the cow dung organic fertilizer. According to the invention, the mulberry twigs, the rice bran, the silkworm excrement and the filter mud are scientifically combined as raw materials, and then microbial fermentation is carried out, so that the prepared organic fertilizer contains rich organic matters, is high in fertilizer efficiency, and has obvious effects of increasing the yield and increasing the income.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a cow dung organic fertilizer.
Background
In the agricultural fertilizer, an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer are mainly used, the organic fertilizer is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances, comprises various organic acids, peptides and rich nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, has long fertilizer efficiency, can increase and update soil organic matters, promotes the propagation of microorganisms, improves the physicochemical property and the biological activity of soil, is a main nutrient for green food production, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduces the production cost, but has low relative content of the nutrient of the organic fertilizer and slow release. The existing organic fertilizer has the defects of various raw materials, high price, uneven quality and poor yield increasing effect, and most of zymogens adopt zymogens, so that the secondary fermentation time of organic materials is longer, the fermentation effect is poor, the production efficiency and the fertilizer utilization rate are reduced, and the production cost is increased.
With the development of modern animal husbandry, the scale and intensification degree of beef cattle and dairy farms are continuously improved, and the excrement produced by large-scale beef cattle and dairy farms seriously pollutes the environment, so that the pollution problem of treating the excrement of cattle has attracted high attention of governments and the breeding industry. The cow dung contains a large amount of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, is an organic fertilizer with rich nutrition, but compared with other livestock, the cow dung has lower organic matter and nutrient content, high water content, high consistency, similar atherosclerosis, poorer air permeability, slow decomposition and serious foul smell; the traditional cow dung fertilizer has the defects of long fermentation time, low efficiency, poor fermentation effect, poor yield increasing effect and the like, so that cow dung cannot be well industrially produced in organic fertilizers.
The above background disclosure is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention, and does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present patent application, and should not be used for evaluating the novelty and inventive step of the present application in the case that there is no clear evidence that the above content is disclosed at the filing date of the present patent application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a cow dung organic fertilizer. According to the invention, the mulberry twigs, the rice bran, the silkworm excrement and the filter mud are scientifically combined as raw materials, and then microbial fermentation is carried out, so that the prepared organic fertilizer contains rich organic matters, is high in fertilizer efficiency, and has obvious effects of increasing the yield and increasing the income.
A preparation method of cow dung organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) airing the cow dung until the water content is 50-60%, uniformly mixing the cow dung, the mulberry twig, the rice bran, the silkworm excrement and the filter mud in a weight ratio of 100: 10-30:20-40:20-50:30-60 to obtain a mixture, paving the mixture on a fermentation bed, sealing and fermenting at the room temperature of 25-35 ℃, and spraying biogas slurry and compound zymophyte on the fermentation material; the composite zymocyte consists of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, clostridium kluyveri and klebsiella oceanica;
(2) after fermenting for 15-20 days, conveying the fermented material to an organic fertilizer production workshop, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 40-50%, and adding urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 28-32 to obtain compost;
(3) piling the compost piles to be 2-3 m high and 10-15 m wide, and carrying out secondary fermentation for 10-15 days;
(4) and crushing, granulating and drying the material obtained by secondary fermentation to obtain the cow dung organic fertilizer.
Further, phytic acid accounting for 10-30% of the mass of the compound zymophyte is added in the step (1) to be mixed with the strain and then sprayed.
Further, the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the lactobacillus to the clostridium klonii to the klebsiella oceanica is 5-10:3-5:1-3: 0.5-1.
Furthermore, the addition amount of the composite zymophyte is 0.1-1.5% of the mass of the mixture.
Further, the composite zymophyte is sprayed for 3 to 5 times.
Further, biogas slurry is sprayed once every 5 to 7 days in the fermentation process in the step (2).
Further, the step (2) is thrown over once a day when the fermentation temperature reaches 60-70 ℃.
Furthermore, the ramulus mori is prepared by harvesting ramulus mori, drying in the sun until the water content is 10-15%, and crushing to 40-80 meshes by a crusher.
Further, the water content of the silkworm excrement and the filter mud is 20-30%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the cow dung, the mulberry twigs, the rice bran, the silkworm excrement and the filter mud are used as raw materials, and the mulberry twigs and the rice bran have good air permeability and fluffy characteristics, so that the defects of poor air permeability and easy sticking of the cow dung can be overcome after the mulberry twigs and the rice bran are mixed with the cow dung, the fermentation of the cow dung and the decomposition of organic matters are accelerated, and the silkworm excrement and the filter mud are matched with the silkworm excrement and the filter mud for use, so that the silkworm excrement and the filter mud have rich nutrient components such as organic matters, amino acids and the like.
2. The method sprays the biogas slurry on the fermentation material, and the biogas slurry contains not only open and bright nutrient elements and organic matters, but also various trace elements, amino acids, hormones, vitamins and other substances, so that the organic fertilizer is rich in more nutrient components such as trace elements, amino acids and the like, the production of crops is promoted, and the fermentation time can be shortened after the biogas slurry is sprayed.
3. According to the invention, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, clostridium kluyveri and klebsiella marinum are taken as fermentation strains, and due to the synergistic effect of the strains, the fermentation of organic fertilizer raw materials can be accelerated, the fermentation efficiency and the fermentation effect can be improved, the soil microbial community structure can be improved, the soil physicochemical property can be improved, the crop production can be promoted, and the income and yield can be increased.
4. The phytic acid is also added to be mixed with the composite microbial strains, and the added phytic acid can promote the propagation speed of the strains and shorten the fermentation time.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
The mulberry twig used in the following examples was fresh mulberry twig harvested, sun-dried until the water content was 13%, and pulverized to 60 mesh by a pulverizer. The silkworm excrement is feces left after silkworm breeding, the water content is 20-30%, the filter mud is discharged after cane sugar processing, the filter mud is directly purchased from the market, and the water content is 20-30%
Example 1
A preparation method of cow dung organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) airing the cow dung until the water content is 60%, uniformly mixing the cow dung, the mulberry twig, the rice bran, the silkworm excrement and the filter mud in a weight ratio of 120:20:35:30:50 to obtain a mixture, paving the mixture on a fermentation bed, sealing and fermenting at the room temperature of 30-35 ℃, and spraying biogas slurry and compound zymophyte on the fermentation material every 5 days; the weight ratio of the biogas slurry to the mixture is 1:4, the composite fermentation bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, clostridium klonii and klebsiella oceanica in a mass ratio of 8:5:1.5:1, and the total amount of the composite fermentation bacteria is 1.2% of the total mass of the mixture. And phytic acid accounting for 20% of the mass of the composite zymophyte is also added into the composite zymophyte, and the phytic acid and the composite zymophyte are uniformly mixed and then sprayed.
(2) When the fermentation temperature reaches 65 ℃, turning and throwing once a day, after fermenting for 15 days, conveying the fermented material to an organic fertilizer production workshop, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 45%, and adding urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 32 to obtain compost;
(3) stacking the compost piles to 2 m high, wherein the width of the pile is 10-15 m, and carrying out secondary fermentation for 12 days;
(4) and crushing, granulating and drying the material obtained by secondary fermentation until the water content is 13% to obtain the cow dung organic fertilizer.
Example 2
A preparation method of cow dung organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) airing the cow dung until the water content is 55%, uniformly mixing the cow dung, the mulberry twig, the rice bran, the silkworm excrement and the filter mud in a weight ratio of 100:25:30:25:40 to obtain a mixture, paving the mixture on a fermentation bed, sealing and fermenting at the room temperature of 28-32 ℃, and spraying biogas slurry and compound zymophyte on the fermentation material every 6 days; the weight ratio of the biogas slurry to the mixture is 1:5, the composite fermentation bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, clostridium klonii and klebsiella oceanica in a mass ratio of 10:4:1:1, and the total amount of the composite fermentation bacteria is 0.8% of the total mass of the mixture. Phytic acid with the mass of 30% is also added into the composite zymophyte, and the phytic acid and the composite zymophyte are uniformly mixed and then sprayed.
(2) When the fermentation temperature reaches 70 ℃, turning and throwing once a day, after fermenting for 18 days, conveying the fermented material to an organic fertilizer production workshop, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 40%, and adding urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 30 to obtain compost;
(3) piling the compost piles to 2.5 m in height and 10-15 m in width, and carrying out secondary fermentation for 11 days;
(4) and crushing, granulating and drying the material obtained by secondary fermentation until the water content is 13% to obtain the cow dung organic fertilizer.
Example 3
A preparation method of cow dung organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) airing the cow dung until the water content is 50%, uniformly mixing the cow dung, the mulberry twig, the rice bran, the silkworm excrement and the filter mud in a weight ratio of 150:30:20:45:30 to obtain a mixture, paving the mixture on a fermentation bed, sealing and fermenting at the room temperature of 32-35 ℃, and spraying biogas slurry and compound zymophyte on the fermentation material every 5 days; the weight ratio of the biogas slurry to the mixture is 1:4, the composite fermentation bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, clostridium klonii and klebsiella oceanica in a mass ratio of 6:2:1.5:0.5, and the total amount of the composite fermentation bacteria is 0.7% of the total mass of the mixture. Phytic acid with the mass of 30% is also added into the composite zymophyte, and the phytic acid and the composite zymophyte are uniformly mixed and then sprayed.
(2) When the fermentation temperature reaches 70 ℃, turning and throwing once a day, after fermenting for 20 days, conveying the fermented material to an organic fertilizer production workshop, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to be 50%, and adding urea to adjust the C/N ratio to be 28 to obtain compost;
(3) piling the compost piles to 3.0 m in height and 10-15 m in width, and carrying out secondary fermentation for 13 days;
(4) and crushing, granulating and drying the material obtained by secondary fermentation until the water content is 12% to obtain the cow dung organic fertilizer.
Example 4
A preparation method of cow dung organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) airing the cow dung until the water content is 50%, uniformly mixing the cow dung, the mulberry twig, the rice bran, the silkworm excrement and the filter mud in a weight ratio of 130:15:40:35:50 to obtain a mixture, paving the mixture on a fermentation bed, sealing and fermenting at the room temperature of 25-30 ℃, and spraying biogas slurry and compound zymophyte on the fermentation material every 7 days; the weight ratio of the biogas slurry to the mixture is 1:5, the composite fermentation bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, clostridium klonii and klebsiella oceanica in a mass ratio of 7:4:2.5:0.5, and the total amount of the composite fermentation bacteria is 1.4% of the total mass of the mixture. Phytic acid with the mass of 25% is also added into the composite zymophyte, and the phytic acid and the composite zymophyte are uniformly mixed and then sprayed.
(2) When the fermentation temperature reaches 65 ℃, turning and throwing once a day, after fermenting for 18 days, conveying the fermented material to an organic fertilizer production workshop, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 45%, and adding urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 30 to obtain compost;
(3) piling the compost piles to 2.5 m in height and 10-15 m in width, and carrying out secondary fermentation for 13 days;
(4) and crushing, granulating and drying the material obtained by secondary fermentation until the water content is 12% to obtain the cow dung organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
This example differs from example 1 in that: the biogas slurry is not sprayed on the fermentation material.
Comparative example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that: the compound zymocyte is composed of bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus with the ratio of 5:2, and the addition amount is unchanged.
Comparative example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that: mixing with composite zymophyte without adding phytic acid.
The organic fertilizers prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3 were tested for organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, and ph and colony count according to conventional methods, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: the invention provides a determination result of components of cow dung organic fertilizer
From the results, the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention has the organic matter content of more than 45 percent, the nitrogen phosphorus potassium content of more than 5 percent and the bacterial count of more than 1.0 x 109The product index is higher than that of the existing cow dung organic fertilizer.
The organic fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-3 is used for planting cucumbers, the row spacing of the cucumbers is 40-50cm, the plant spacing is 30-35cm, each group of the organic fertilizer is 5 mu, the test field is a certain farm in Guangxi Guigang, the fertilizing amount per mu is 150 kg of the organic fertilizer, the control group is the organic fertilizer in the Juanlinfeng brand, and the using amount and the using method are completely consistent. The cucumber acre yield of each test field counted after harvesting is as follows: 4893kg for example 1, 4622kg for example 3, 4718kg for example 3, 4799kg for example 4, 4523kg for comparative example 1, 4698kg for comparative example 2, 4630kg for comparative example 3 and 4215kg for the control. The test results show that compared with the organic fertilizer on the market, the cow dung organic fertilizer provided by the invention has the effects of increasing both production and income.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific/preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various substitutions and modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such substitutions and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of cow dung organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
airing the cow dung until the water content is 50-60%, uniformly mixing the cow dung, the mulberry twig, the rice bran, the silkworm excrement and the filter mud in a weight ratio of 100: 10-30:20-40:20-50:30-60 to obtain a mixture, paving the mixture on a fermentation bed, sealing and fermenting at the room temperature of 25-35 ℃, and spraying biogas slurry and compound zymophyte on the fermentation material; the composite zymocyte consists of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, clostridium kluyveri and klebsiella oceanica;
after fermenting for 15-20 days, conveying the fermented material to an organic fertilizer production workshop, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 40-50%, and adding urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 28-32 to obtain compost;
piling the compost piles to be 2-3 m high and 10-15 m wide, and carrying out secondary fermentation for 10-15 days;
and crushing, granulating and drying the material obtained by secondary fermentation to obtain the cow dung organic fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the cow dung organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding phytic acid accounting for 10-30% of the mass of the composite zymophyte into the step (1), mixing with the strain, and spraying.
3. The preparation method of the cow dung organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the composite zymocyte is prepared from bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, clostridium kluyveri and klebsiella oceanica in a mass ratio of 5-10:3-5:1-3: 0.5-1.
4. The preparation method of the cow dung organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the addition amount of the composite zymophyte is 0.1-1.5% of the mass of the mixture.
5. The preparation method of the cow dung organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the composite zymophyte is sprayed for 3-5 times.
6. The preparation method of the cow dung organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: spraying biogas slurry every 5-7 days in the fermentation process of the step (2).
7. The preparation method of the cow dung organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: and (2) turning and throwing once a day when the fermentation temperature reaches 60-70 ℃.
8. The preparation method of the cow dung organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the ramulus mori is prepared by picking ramulus mori, drying in the sun until the water content is 10-15%, and crushing to 40-80 meshes by a crusher.
9. The preparation method of the cow dung organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the water content of the silkworm excrement and the filter mud is 20-30%.
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Application publication date: 20210604 |