CN112877592A - 具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件及其制造方法 - Google Patents
具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112877592A CN112877592A CN201911202456.5A CN201911202456A CN112877592A CN 112877592 A CN112877592 A CN 112877592A CN 201911202456 A CN201911202456 A CN 201911202456A CN 112877592 A CN112877592 A CN 112877592A
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- Prior art keywords
- hot
- paint film
- film adhesion
- aluminum
- excellent paint
- Prior art date
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910015372 FeAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021328 Fe2Al5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017361 Fe2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/0242—Flattening; Dressing; Flexing
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- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
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- C23C2/405—Plates of specific length
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- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2261/00—Machining or cutting being involved
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,其包括基材层以及镀覆在基材层的至少一个表面上的镀铝层;热成形部件表面的平均粗糙度Ra为1.0~3.0μm,峰高与峰谷的高度Rt为8~30μm,粗糙度峰计数Rpc≥50。此外,本发明还公开了上述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件的制造方法,其包括步骤:(1)将基板浸入铝镀液,得到表面具有镀铝层的板材;(2)平整;(3)落料:将板材冲裁或切割成部件所需形状的坯料;(4)热处理;(5)传输和热冲压:将热的坯料快速传输到模具中进行冷却冲压成形,以形成热成形部件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种材料及其制造方法,尤其涉及一种热成形材料及其制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,热成形部件在汽车工业中的应用变得很重要,特别是在汽车的安全结构件方面,在一些高强度,形状复杂的零件上具有不可替代的优势。用于热成形部件的材料分为带涂覆层和不带涂覆层的,涂覆层的主要目的是钢板在热冲压成形过程中,防止钢板表面氧化。成形后的部件可以直接进行涂装及焊接使用,目前不带涂覆层的材料在热成形后必须进行表面喷丸处理以去掉表面产生的氧化物层,否则影响后续的零件涂装及焊接。热镀铝涂覆层的材料在热成形后表面无法进行正常磷化,电泳后的漆膜附着力完全依靠涂层表面形貌来保证。现有材料在使用过程中会存在漆膜附着力无法满足使用的问题。
例如:公开号为CN104651590A,公开日为2015年5月27日,名称为“冲压产品的制造方法及由其制造的冲压产品”的中国专利文献公开了一种铝或铝合金涂覆的热成形材料及制造方法,该方法针对性控制了涂覆层的厚度及五层结构,从而保证热成形件的焊接性能。
又例如:公开号为CN108588612A,公开日为2018年9月28日,名称为“热冲压成形构件、热冲压成形用预涂镀钢板及热冲压成形工艺”的中国专利文献公开了一种热冲压成形构件。在该专利文献所公开的技术方案中,降低了涂层厚度的同时,也降低了涂层的保护作用,由此,热成形工艺的波动对构件的表面性能很容易造成影响,从而影响后续的使用性能。
再例如:公开号为CN101583486,公开日为2009年11月18日,名称为“涂覆的钢带材、其制备方法、其使用方法、由其制备的冲压坯料、由其制备的冲压产品和含有这样的冲压产品的制品”的中国专利文献公开了一种涂覆钢带材的热冲压产品及方法。在该专利文献所公开的技术方案中,其包括加热、转移及冷却,而未涉及热冲压过程,由此会造成冲压产品质量不稳定,如紧缩、开裂等,对加热过程中炉膛气氛不控制,导致加热过程中炉内气氛发生变化,尤其是氧气含量发生较大变化,带来产品外观颜色很容易发生变化,实际生产发现相同来料在同一工艺下,所得冲压产品外观颜色呈现较大不同。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,该热成形部件具有较好的涂装性、好的漆膜附着力以及较好的耐蚀性,非常适合用于汽车零部件,例如:前、后门左右防撞杆/梁、前、后保险杠、A柱加强板、B柱加强板、地板中通道等。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出了一种具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,其包括基材层以及镀覆在基材层的至少一个表面上的镀铝层,热成形部件表面的平均粗糙度Ra为1.0~3.0μm,峰高与峰谷的高度Rt为8~30μm,粗糙度峰计数Rpc≥50。
在本发明所述的技术方案中,镀铝层包括铝相和铝硅相,在加热过程中,镀层中的铝向基材层扩散,同时基材层的铁向镀铝层扩散形成Al8Fe2Si相,新相形成导致表面粗糙度显著增加,随着铁铝进一步扩散,进而形成Fe2Al5相,表面粗糙度基本维持,最终镀铝层中全部形成FeAl合金,表面粗糙度反而略有下降。
热处理后的热成形部件表面主要由Fe2Al5和FeAl合金组成,同时由于表面氧化产生的硅的氧化物、铝的氧化物以及铁的氧化物不能与磷化液发生化学反应,即不能形成正常的磷化膜,因此,热成形部件的漆膜附着力完全靠表面的凹凸不平结构来保证,即热成形部件的粗糙度对漆膜附着力有着重要影响。
镀铝层表面粗糙度越大,粗糙度峰计数Rpc值越大,铁铝扩散路径不同,新相形成的快慢不同,从而导致热处理后的成形件表面粗糙度越大,对漆膜附着力越好。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件中,镀铝层包括:与基材层邻接的扩散层和位于镀铝层表面的合金层,其中扩散层的厚度与镀铝层总厚度的比值为0.08-0.5。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件中,扩散层的厚度≤16μm;镀铝层总厚度≤60μm。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件中,镀铝层的化学成分重量百分比为:Si:4~14%,Fe:0~4%,Mg:0~10%,Zn:0~20%,余量为Al及其他不可避免的杂质。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件中,镀铝层的重量平均值为20~120g/m2每单面。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件中,镀铝层的重量平均值为30~100g/m2每单面。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件中,基材层的化学成分质量百分比为:
C:0.01~0.8%,Si:0.05~1.0%,Mn:0.1~5%,P≤0.3%,S≤0.1%,Al≤0.3%,Ti≤0.5%,B:0.0005~0.1%,Cr:0.01~3%,Nb≤0.5%,V≤0.5%,余量为Fe及其他不可避免的杂质。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件中,基材层的各化学元素质量百分比还满足下列各项的至少其中之一:
C:0.05~0.6%,
Si:0.07~0.8%,
Mn:0.3~4%,
P≤0.2%,
S≤0.08%,
Al≤0.2%,
Ti≤0.4%,
B:0.0005~0.08%,
Cr:0.01~2%,
Nb≤0.3%,
V≤0.3%。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件中,基材层的各化学元素质量百分比还满足下列各项的至少其中之一:
C:0.15~0.5%,
Si:0.1~0.5%,
Mn:0.5~3%,
P≤0.1%,
S≤0.05%,
Al≤0.1%,
Ti≤0.2%,
Cr:0.01~1%。
进一步地,在本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件中,其屈服强度为400~1400MPa,抗拉强度为500~2100MPa,延伸率≥4%。
相应地,本发明的另一目的在于提供上述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件的制造方法,通过该制造方法可以获得漆膜附着力优异的热成形部件。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出了上述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件的制造方法,其包括步骤:
(1)将基板浸入铝镀液,得到表面具有镀铝层的板材;
(2)平整:采用粗糙度Ra为0.5~3.0μm的平整辊对板材进行平整,控制平整率≤2.0%,所述板材表面热辐射系数为0.1~0.8,板材表面粗糙度Ra为0.3~2.0μm,板材表面粗糙度峰计数Rpc为30~150;
(3)落料:将板材冲裁或切割成部件所需形状的坯料;
(4)热处理:将坯料放入加热炉中加热并保温,加热炉温度为880~960℃,加热炉内的气氛采用空气或氮气,坯料在加热炉中的停留时间为2.5~10min;
(5)传输和热冲压:将热的坯料快速传输到模具中进行冷却冲压成形,以形成所述热成形部件。
在本发明所述的制造方法中,在步骤(4)中,加热炉温度太低或是坯料在加热炉中的停留时间过短,均会导致铁铝扩散不够充分,进而使得表面粗糙度太低,影响最终热成形部件的粗糙度。而当加热炉温度过高或是坯料在加热炉中的停留时间过长,则会导致铁铝扩散过度,完全形成FeAl合金,这也会导致最终的热成形部件的粗糙度降低,同时扩散过程中元素迁移形成的孔洞会影响表面导电性,电泳过程中会导致缩孔,进而影响涂装性。
进一步地,在本发明所述的制造方法中,在步骤(1)中,铝镀液的化学成分质量百分含量为:Si:8~11%,Fe:2~4%,Zn:0~11%,Mg:0~8%,余量为Al及其他不可避免的杂质。
进一步地,在本发明所述的制造方法中,在步骤(4)中,在坯料加热的升温过程中,在升温至400~600℃的范围内加热速率不超过10℃/s,以镀层中锌及铝的预合金化,避免镀层破坏或出现裂纹。
进一步地,在本发明所述的制造方法中,在步骤(5)中,坯料在20s以内被传输到模具中。
进一步地,在本发明所述的制造方法,在步骤(5)的热冲压过程中,模具合模后持续保压淬火4~20s,对坯料表面施加的保压压强≥8MPa。
进一步地,在本发明所述的制造方法中,在步骤(5)中,模具的材质满足:在700℃时的热扩散系数大于3.8m2/s。
进一步地,在本发明所述的制造方法中,在步骤(5)中,冲压时模具的合模速度为30~150mm/s,以使热成形部件可以保证良好的成形性能,减少冲压缺陷例如开裂、缩颈的发生。
进一步地,在本发明所述的制造方法中,在步骤(5)中,将坯料以30~150℃/s的冷却速度冷却至50~200℃,以使得热成形部件的内部组织转变为所需要的组织结构,同时保持热成形部件在冷却过程中依然保持良好的尺寸形状。
本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件及其方法相较于现有技术具有如下所述的优点以及有益效果:
本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件具有较好的涂装性、好的漆膜附着力以及较好的耐蚀性,非常适合用于汽车零部件,例如:前、后门左右防撞杆/梁、前、后保险杠、A柱加强板、B柱加强板、地板中通道等。
此外,本发明所述的制造方法也同样具有上述的优点以及有益效果。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体的实施例对本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件及其制造方法做进一步的解释和说明,然而该解释和说明并不对本发明的技术方案构成不当限定。
实施例1-10以及对比例1
实施例1-10的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件采用以下步骤制得:
(1)将基板浸入铝镀液,得到表面具有镀铝层的板材。
(2)平整:采用粗糙度Ra为0.5~3.0μm的平整辊对板材进行平整,控制平整率≤2.0%,以使所述板材表面热辐射系数为0.1~0.8,板材表面粗糙度Ra为0.3~2.0μm,板材表面粗糙度峰计数Rpc为30~150。
(3)落料:将板材冲裁或切割成部件所需形状的坯料。
(4)热处理:将坯料放入加热炉中加热并保温,加热炉温度为880~960℃,加热炉内的气氛采用空气或氮气,坯料在加热炉中的停留时间为2.5~10min,在坯料加热的升温过程中,在升温至400~600℃的范围内加热速率不超过10℃/s。
(5)传输和热冲压:将热的坯料快速(例如在20s内)传输到模具中进行冷却冲压成形,以形成热成形部件。其中,在热冲压过程中,模具合模后持续保压淬火4~20s,对坯料表面施加的保压压强≥8MPa,模具的材质满足:在700℃时的热扩散系数大于3.8m2/s,冲压时模具的合模速度为30~150mm/s,将坯料以30~150℃/s的冷却速度冷却至50~200℃。
其中,各个实施例的制造方法如下所述:
实施例1
采用平整辊对1.2mm带铝合金镀层钢板进行平整,得到表面粗糙度如表2所示的热处理和热冲压前的板材,激光落料成一定尺寸和形状的坯料,铝镀液的化学成分质量百分含量为Si:8.5%,Fe:2.6%,Zn:15%,Mg:4%,其余为铝及不可避免杂质,坯料进入加热炉,加热炉温度950℃,停留时间3.5min,保压时间5s,保压压力10MPA,合模速度50mm/s,冷速为50℃/s,冷却至200℃。
实施例2
采用平整辊对0.9mm带铝合金镀层钢板进行平整,得到表面粗糙度如表2所示的热处理和热冲压前的板材,激光落料成一定尺寸和形状的坯料,铝镀液的化学成分质量百分含量为Si:5%,Fe:2.4%,Zn:8%,Mg:8%,其余为铝及不可避免杂质,坯料进入加热炉,加热炉温度940℃,停留时间5min,保压时间15s,保压压力20MPA,合模速度150mm/s,冷速为150℃/s,冷却至50℃。
实施例3
采用平整辊对1.0mm带铝合金镀层钢板进行平整,得到表面粗糙度如表2所示的热处理和热冲压前的板材,激光落料成一定尺寸和形状的坯料,铝镀液的化学成分质量百分含量为Si:9.0%,Fe:2.7%,其余为铝及不可避免杂质,坯料进入加热炉,400-600℃的加热速率为5℃/s,加热炉温度930℃,停留时间7min,8s内传输至模具,700℃左右模具的热扩散系数为7m2/s。合模速度70mm/s,保压时间6s,保压压力12MPa,冷速100℃/s,冷却至100℃。所得热成形部件基板微观组织中马氏体比例高于96%。
实施例4
采用平整辊对2.8mm带铝合金镀层钢板进行平整,得到表面粗糙度如表2所示的热处理和热冲压前的板材,激光落料成一定尺寸和形状的坯料,铝镀液的化学成分质量百分含量为Si:8.8%,Fe:2.7%,其余为铝及不可避免杂质,坯料进入加热炉,加热炉温度920℃,停留时间7min,400-600℃的加热速率为10℃/s,8s内传输至模具,合模速度70mm/s,保压时间6s,保压压力15MPa,冷速60℃/s,冷却至60℃,所得热成形部件基板微观组织中马氏体比例高于98%。
实施例5
采用平整辊对1.1mm带铝合金镀层钢板进行平整,得到表面粗糙度如表2所示的热处理和热冲压前的板材,激光落料成一定尺寸和形状的坯料,铝镀液的化学成分质量百分含量为Si:10%,Fe:3.5%,Zn:2%,Mg:1%,其余为铝及不可避免杂质,坯料进入加热炉,加热炉温度935℃,停留时间4.5min,7s内传输至模具,上下模具合模速度80mm/s,保压时间5s,保压压力15MPa。所得热成形部件基板微观组织中马氏体比例高于95%。
实施例6
采用平整辊对1.5mm带铝合金镀层钢板进行平整,得到表面粗糙度如表2所示的热处理和热冲压前的板材,激光落料成一定尺寸和形状的坯料,铝镀液的化学成分质量百分含量为Si:10%,Fe:3.5%,Mg:0.5%,其余为铝及不可避免杂质,坯料进入加热炉,加热炉温度935℃,停留时间5min,7s内传输至模具,上下模具合模速度80mm/s,保压时间5s,保压压力15MPa。所得热成形部件基板微观组织中马氏体比例高于95%。
实施例7
采用平整辊对1.8mm带铝合金镀层钢板进行平整,得到表面粗糙度如表2所示的热处理和热冲压前的板材,激光落料成一定尺寸和形状的坯料,铝镀液的化学成分质量百分含量为Si:10%,Fe:3.5%,其余为铝及不可避免杂质,坯料进入加热炉,加热炉温度945℃,停留时间2.5min,7s内传输至模具,上下模具合模速度80mm/s,保压时间5s,保压压力15MPa。所得热成形部件基板微观组织中马氏体比例高于95%。
实施例8
采用平整辊对2.0mm带铝合金镀层钢板进行平整,得到表面粗糙度如表2所示的热处理和热冲压前的板材,激光落料成一定尺寸和形状的坯料,铝镀液的化学成分质量百分含量为Si:10%,Fe:3.5%,其余为铝及不可避免杂质,坯料进入加热炉,加热炉温度940℃,停留时间3min,炉内气氛氧含量为22%,7s内传输至模具,上下模具合模速度80mm/s,保压时间5s,保压压力15MPa。所得热成形部件基板微观组织中马氏体比例高于95%。
实施例9
采用平整辊对2.4mm带铝合金镀层钢板进行平整,得到表面粗糙度如表2所示的热处理和热冲压前的板材,激光落料成一定尺寸和形状的坯料,铝镀液的化学成分质量百分含量为Si:10%,Fe:3.5%,其余为铝及不可避免杂质,坯料进入加热炉,加热炉温度935℃,停留时间5min,炉内气氛氧含量为22%,7s内传输至模具,上下模具合模速度80mm/s,保压时间5s,保压压力15MPa。所得热成形部件基板微观组织中马氏体比例高于95%。
实施例10
采用平整辊对2.8mm带铝合金镀层钢板进行平整,得到表面粗糙度如表2所示的热处理和热冲压前的板材,激光落料成一定尺寸和形状的坯料,铝镀液的化学成分质量百分含量为Si:10%,Fe:3.5%,其余为铝及不可避免杂质,坯料进入加热炉,加热炉温度950℃,停留时间2.5min,炉内气氛氧含量为20%,7s内传输至模具,上下模具合模速度80mm/s,保压时间5s,保压压力15MPa。所得热成形部件基板微观组织中马氏体比例高于95%。
表1列出了实施例1-10的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件的基材层的各化学元素的质量百分配比。
表1.(wt%,余量为Fe和其他不可避免的杂质)
为了验证本案的实施效果,同时证明本案较之现有技术的优异效果,本案将实施例1-10的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件以及对比例1的对比热成形部件进行测试,表2列出了各个实施例以及对比例的测试结果。
表2.
由表2可以看出,本案各个实施例的屈服强度为400~1350MPa,抗拉强度为500~2000MPa,延伸率为4~19%。
此外,由表2还可以看出,对比例1中的对比热成形部件在热冲压后的成品表面粗糙度Ra低于1.8μm,Rt低于12μm,Rpc低于90,并且对比例1的热成形件的涂装性较差,漆膜附着力不满足要求,其性能远远不如本案的各个实施例的热成形部件。另外,由表2可以看出,热成形部件所采用的热处理和热冲压前的材料表面粗糙度越高,热处理和热冲压后产品粗糙度也相对较高,对漆膜附着力更好。
综上所述可以看出,本发明所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件具有较好的涂装性、好的漆膜附着力以及较好的耐蚀性,非常适合用于汽车零部件,例如:前、后门左右防撞杆/梁、前、后保险杠、A柱加强板、B柱加强板、地板中通道等。
此外,本发明所述的制造方法也同样具有上述的优点以及有益效果。
需要说明的是,本发明的保护范围中现有技术部分并不局限于本申请文件所给出的实施例,所有不与本发明的方案相矛盾的现有技术,包括但不局限于在先专利文献、在先公开出版物,在先公开使用等等,都可纳入本发明的保护范围。
此外,本案中各技术特征的组合方式并不限本案权利要求中所记载的组合方式或是具体实施例所记载的组合方式,本案记载的所有技术特征可以以任何方式进行自由组合或结合,除非相互之间产生矛盾。
还需要注意的是,以上所列举的实施例仅为本发明的具体实施例。显然本发明不局限于以上实施例,随之做出的类似变化或变形是本领域技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接得出或者很容易便联想到的,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (18)
1.一种具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,其包括基材层以及镀覆在基材层的至少一个表面上的镀铝层;其特征在于,所述热成形部件表面的平均粗糙度Ra为1.0~3.0μm,峰高与峰谷的高度Rt为8~30μm,粗糙度峰计数Rpc≥50。
2.如权利要求1所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,其特征在于,所述镀铝层包括:与基材层邻接的扩散层和位于镀铝层表面的合金层,其中扩散层的厚度与镀铝层总厚度的比值为0.08-0.5。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,其特征在于,所述扩散层的厚度≤16μm;所述镀铝层总厚度≤60μm。
4.如权利要求1所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,其特征在于,所述的镀铝层的化学成分重量百分比为:Si:4~14%,Fe:0~4%,Mg:0~10%,Zn:0~20%,余量为Al及其他不可避免的杂质。
5.如权利要求1所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,其特征在于,所述镀铝层的重量平均值为20~120g/m2每单面。
6.如权利要求5所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,其特征在于,所述镀铝层的重量平均值为30~100g/m2每单面。
7.如权利要求1所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,其特征在于,所述基材层的化学成分质量百分比为:
C:0.01~0.8%,Si:0.05~1.0%,Mn:0.1~5%,P≤0.3%,S≤0.1%,Al≤0.3%,Ti≤0.5%,B:0.0005~0.1%,Cr:0.01~3%,Nb≤0.5%,V≤0.5%,余量为Fe及其他不可避免的杂质。
8.如权利要求7所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,其特征在于,所述基材层的各化学元素质量百分比还满足下列各项的至少其中之一:
C:0.05~0.6%,
Si:0.07~0.8%,
Mn:0.3~4%,
P≤0.2%,
S≤0.08%,
Al≤0.2%,
Ti≤0.4%,
B:0.0005~0.08%,
Cr:0.01~2%,
Nb≤0.3%,
V≤0.3%。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,其特征在于,所述基材层的各化学元素质量百分比还满足下列各项的至少其中之一:
C:0.15~0.5%,
Si:0.1~0.5%,
Mn:0.5~3%,
P≤0.1%,
S≤0.05%,
Al≤0.1%,
Ti≤0.2%,
Cr:0.01~1%。
10.如权利要求1所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件,其特征在于,其屈服强度为400~1400MPa,抗拉强度为500~2100MPa,延伸率≥4%。
11.如权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的具有优异漆膜附着力的热成形部件的制造方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
(1)将基板浸入铝镀液,得到表面具有镀铝层的板材;
(2)平整:采用粗糙度Ra为0.5~3.0μm的平整辊对板材进行平整,控制平整率≤2.0%,所述板材表面热辐射系数为0.1~0.8,板材表面粗糙度Ra为0.3~2.0μm,板材表面粗糙度峰计数Rpc为30~150;
(3)落料:将板材冲裁或切割成部件所需形状的坯料;
(4)热处理:将坯料放入加热炉中加热并保温,加热炉温度为880~960℃,加热炉内的气氛采用空气或氮气,坯料在加热炉中的停留时间为2.5~10min;
(5)传输和热冲压:将热的坯料快速传输到模具中进行冷却冲压成形,以形成所述热成形部件。
12.如权利要求11所述的制造方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(1)中,铝镀液的化学成分质量百分含量为:Si:8~11%,Fe:2~4%,Zn:0~11%,Mg:0~8%,余量为Al及其他不可避免的杂质。
13.如权利要求11所述的制造方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(4)中,在坯料加热的升温过程中,在升温至400~600℃的范围内加热速率不超过10℃/s。
14.如权利要求11所述的制造方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(5)中,坯料在20s以内被传输到模具中。
15.如权利要求11所述的制造方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(5)的热冲压过程中,所述模具合模后持续保压淬火4~20s,对坯料表面施加的保压压强≥8MPa。
16.如权利要求11所述的制造方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(5)中,所述模具的材质满足:在700℃时的热扩散系数大于3.8m2/s。
17.如权利要求11所述的制造方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(5)中,冲压时模具的合模速度为30~150mm/s。
18.如权利要求11所述的制造方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(5)中,将坯料以30~150℃/s的冷却速度冷却至50~200℃。
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WO2023121241A1 (ko) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-06-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | 열간 프레스 성형 후 우수한 도장 밀착성과 내식성을 나타내는 도금강판, 도금강판의 제조방법 및 열간 프레스 성형 부재 |
CN115945571A (zh) * | 2023-01-18 | 2023-04-11 | 上海新顿长菁科技有限公司 | 6xxx系铝合金的热成形工艺及其制得的零件和应用 |
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TWI780518B (zh) | 2022-10-11 |
MX2022006471A (es) | 2022-09-09 |
AU2020389982A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 |
JP2023503151A (ja) | 2023-01-26 |
JP7326612B2 (ja) | 2023-08-15 |
CA3159490A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
TW202120697A (zh) | 2021-06-01 |
ZA202205445B (en) | 2023-01-25 |
CN112877592B (zh) | 2022-06-28 |
BR112022009756A2 (pt) | 2022-08-09 |
US20230002843A1 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
KR20220106776A (ko) | 2022-07-29 |
EP4067530A1 (en) | 2022-10-05 |
WO2021103805A1 (zh) | 2021-06-03 |
EP4067530A4 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
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