CN112841532A - 一种去除大米农药残留的加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请的目的是公开一种去除大米农药残留的加工方法，其特征在于，包括将稻谷经过扬尘、震荡、清洗，除去尘土及其他可溶解于水的杂质后，浸入赖氨酸发酵清液中，烘干、脱壳，得到糙米，在糙米表面反复喷涂赖氨酸发酵清液进行浸润处理，结束后闪蒸处理，向闪蒸后的糙米上喷洒用于去除农药的雾化剂，通入碾米机，脱去内保护皮层，将得到的大米浸渍于流动的浓度为5％的竹叶抗氧化剂水溶液中，同时紫外线照射大米，烘干后向大米表面雾喷一层牛乳蛋白肽，再抛光包装，有效降低大米表面残留的农药，提高食用的安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工技术领域，尤其涉及一种去除大米农药残留的加工方法。
背景技术
在稻谷的种植过程中为了防止病虫害，一般都需要至少施加一次农药，农药部分有害的成分由此进入稻谷内，并在富集后形成浓度较大的残留浓度，从而危害人体。稻谷是目前农药施加量最大的农作物之一，但从加工起即对大米上残留农药进行处理的方法仍未得到充分的研究。
因此，如何研发一种去除大米农药残留的加工方法，能够解决上述问题，便成为亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请解决的主要问题是提供一种去除大米农药残留的加工方法，能够从加工中就对大米上残留的农药进行处理，从而提高大米的健康程度。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明公开了一种去除大米农药残留的加工方法，其技术方案如下：
一种去除大米农药残留的加工方法，其特征在于，包括：
(1)将稻谷经过扬尘、震荡、清洗，除去尘土及其他可溶解于水的杂质后，浸入赖氨酸发酵清液中，在60-70r/min的搅拌速率下搅拌处理18-20分钟；
(2)将稻谷在38-40℃的热风下烘干至表面无水分，通入砻谷设备对稻谷进行脱壳，得到糙米；
(3)在糙米表面反复喷涂赖氨酸发酵清液进行浸润处理，每隔20分钟均匀喷涂一次，连续喷涂30-50分钟，通入闪蒸发生器中进行闪蒸处理，蒸汽温度为180-185℃，压力为0.2-0.3MPa，闪蒸时间为2-3秒；
(4)向闪蒸后的糙米上喷洒用于去除农药的雾化剂，后通入碾米机，脱去内保护皮层；
(5)将脱皮得到的大米浸渍于流动的浓度为5％的竹叶抗氧化剂水溶液中，竹叶抗氧化剂水溶液流动速率为25-30cm/s，同时用波长为380nm的紫外线照射大米，照射时间为5-6分钟；
(6)将大米在38-40℃的热风下烘干处理2.8-3小时，向大米表面雾喷一层牛乳蛋白肽，再通入抛光机中抛光；
(7)对抛光后的大米采用瞬间高低温烘干方式烘干至含水量低于2％，其中，瞬间高低温烘干方式为，将大米在120℃下保持2-2.5秒，瞬间降温至 15-17℃下保持10-12分钟，如此反复循环处理；
(8)将大米进行筛选分级，充氮包装。
优选的，所述雾化剂为将选自碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、过碳酸钠中的一种或多种作为溶质溶于去离子水后得到的溶液经过雾化得到的雾状液滴。
优选的，所述雾化剂中溶质的质量浓度为0.5～2mg/mL。
优选的，所述雾化采用选自压力雾化、超声雾化、离心雾化、蒸汽雾化中的一种或多种。
本发明处理工序简单，先分别对稻谷表壳进行降解农残，能有效避免加工过程中大米出现二次农残污染，将浊度为6-8NTU的赖氨酸发酵清液用于浸润稻壳和喷涂糙米外皮层，能有效降解稻谷表壳农残，糙米经喷涂赖氨酸发酵清液降解农残处理后，再经闪蒸处理，表壳能轻易与大米剥离，降低碾米过程中碎米率，采用相同碾米工艺，糙米经闪蒸后在进行碾米碎米率低于 5‰，相对于不进行闪蒸直接碾米碎米率降低了7.3倍以上；
将脱皮得到的大米浸渍于流动的浓度为5％的竹叶抗氧化剂水溶液中，同时用波长为380nm的紫外线照射大米，能再次分解大米表面的农残，同时可降低大米直链淀粉的含量，降低大米吸水率，使大米煮熟后粘性较大、颗粒感明显、口感好，提高大米食用品质；
抛光前向大米表面雾喷一层牛乳蛋白肽，能有效降低大米抛光过程中碎米率，喷涂牛乳蛋白肽后再进行抛光的大米相对于不喷涂就进行抛光的对照组，采用相同抛光条件，碎米率降低了5.3倍以上，喷涂牛乳蛋白肽后再进行抛光的大米碎米率低于0.3％；
对抛光后的大米采用瞬间高低温烘干方式烘干，能提高大米表面亮度，同时能够显著延长大米保质期，采用瞬间高低温烘干方式烘干的大米比采用常规方法烘干的大米保质期延长了至少3个月以上。
在大米的加工过程即对大米进行喷洒处理的方法，可有效降低大米表面残留的农药，提高食用的安全性。
具体实施方式
如在说明书及权利要求当中使用了某些词汇来指称特定组件。本领域技术人员应可理解，硬件制造商可能会用不同名词来称呼同一个组件。本说明书及权利要求并不以名称的差异来作为区分组件的方式，而是以组件在功能上的差异来作为区分的准则。说明书后续描述为实施本申请的较佳实施方式，然所述描述乃以说明本申请的一般原则为目的，并非用以限定本申请的范围。本申请的保护范围当视所附权利要求所界定者为准。
实施例一：
一种去除大米农药残留的加工方法，其特征在于，包括：
(1)将稻谷经过扬尘、震荡、清洗，除去尘土及其他可溶解于水的杂质后，浸入赖氨酸发酵清液中，在60-70r/min的搅拌速率下搅拌处理18-20分钟；
(2)将稻谷在38-40℃的热风下烘干至表面无水分，通入砻谷设备对稻谷进行脱壳，得到糙米；
(3)在糙米表面反复喷涂赖氨酸发酵清液进行浸润处理，每隔20分钟均匀喷涂一次，连续喷涂30-50分钟，通入闪蒸发生器中进行闪蒸处理，蒸汽温度为180-185℃，压力为0.2-0.3MPa，闪蒸时间为2-3秒；
(4)向闪蒸后的糙米上喷洒用于去除农药的雾化剂，后通入碾米机，脱去内保护皮层；
(5)将脱皮得到的大米浸渍于流动的浓度为5％的竹叶抗氧化剂水溶液中，竹叶抗氧化剂水溶液流动速率为25-30cm/s，同时用波长为380nm的紫外线照射大米，照射时间为5-6分钟；
(6)将大米在38-40℃的热风下烘干处理2.8-3小时，向大米表面雾喷一层牛乳蛋白肽，再通入抛光机中抛光；
(7)对抛光后的大米采用瞬间高低温烘干方式烘干至含水量低于2％，其中，瞬间高低温烘干方式为，将大米在120℃下保持2-2.5秒，瞬间降温至 15-17℃下保持10-12分钟，如此反复循环处理；
(8)将大米进行筛选分级，充氮包装。
优选的，所述雾化剂为将选自碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、过碳酸钠中的一种或多种作为溶质溶于去离子水后得到的溶液经过雾化得到的雾状液滴。
优选的，所述雾化剂中溶质的质量浓度为0.5～2mg/mL。
优选的，所述雾化采用选自压力雾化、超声雾化、离心雾化、蒸汽雾化中的一种或多种。
检验经上述步骤处理后的大米，以农药中常见的磷化物作为检验指标之一，可知经上述处理后的大米中磷化物的含量低于0.02mg/kg，说明本实施例中的处理方法对大米上的残留农药具有消除作用。
上述说明示出并描述了本申请的若干优选实施例，但如前所述，应当理解本申请并非局限于本文所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施例的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本文所述申请构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本申请的精神和范围，则都应在本申请所附权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种去除大米农药残留的加工方法，其特征在于，包括：
(1)将稻谷经过扬尘、震荡、清洗，除去尘土及其他可溶解于水的杂质后，浸入赖氨酸发酵清液中，在60-70r/min的搅拌速率下搅拌处理18-20分钟；
(2)将稻谷在38-40℃的热风下烘干至表面无水分，通入砻谷设备对稻谷进行脱壳，得到糙米；
(3)在糙米表面反复喷涂赖氨酸发酵清液进行浸润处理，每隔20分钟均匀喷涂一次，连续喷涂30-50分钟，通入闪蒸发生器中进行闪蒸处理，蒸汽温度为180-185，℃压力为0.2-0.3MPa，闪蒸时间为2-3秒；
(4)向闪蒸后的糙米上喷洒用于去除农药的雾化剂，后通入碾米机，脱去内保护皮层；
(5)将脱皮得到的大米浸渍于流动的浓度为5％的竹叶抗氧化剂水溶液中，竹叶抗氧化剂水溶液流动速率为25-30cm/s，同时用波长为380nm的紫外线照射大米，照射时间为5-6分钟；
(6)将大米在38-40℃的热风下烘干处理2.8-3小时，向大米表面雾喷一层牛乳蛋白肽，再通入抛光机中抛光；
(7)对抛光后的大米采用瞬间高低温烘干方式烘干至含水量低于2％，其中，瞬间高低温烘干方式为，将大米在120℃下保持2-2.5秒，瞬间降温至15-17℃下保持10-12分钟，如此反复循环处理；
(8)将大米进行筛选分级，充氮包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的去除大米农药残留的加工方法，其特征在于，所述雾化剂为将选自碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、过碳酸钠中的一种或多种作为溶质溶于去离子水后得到的溶液经过雾化得到的雾状液滴。
3.根据权利要求2所述的去除大米农药残留的加工方法，其特征在于，所述雾化采用选自压力雾化、超声雾化、离心雾化、蒸汽雾化中的一种或多种。
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| CN106722157A (zh) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 颍上县锡安山米业有限公司 | 一种大米除农残加工方法 |
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