CN112834037A - Coherent dispersion spectrum imaging method and device for realizing large optical path difference and high stability - Google Patents
Coherent dispersion spectrum imaging method and device for realizing large optical path difference and high stability Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of spectral imaging, and relates to a coherent dispersion spectral imaging method and device for realizing large optical path difference and high stability. The problems of strict requirement on environment and lower transmittance and sensitivity existing in the coherent dispersion spectral imaging based on the traditional Michelson interferometer are solved. Dividing the target light beam into two light beams with the intensity ratio of 50:50 by using a beam splitter; the optical path adjusting element is used for changing the optical paths of the two paths of light beams to form interference fringes; converging and imaging the interference light to a slit by using a converging lens; dispersing the interference fringes according to the wavelength by using a dispersion device; and receiving the information of the interference fringes dispersed by the dispersing device by using a photoelectric detector. Compared with the traditional coherent dispersion spectrum imager, the imaging device has the advantages of high energy utilization rate, high sensitivity, compact structure and high stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of spectral imaging, and relates to a coherent dispersion spectral imaging method and device for realizing large optical path difference and high stability.
Background
The accurate apparent velocity measurement based on the coherent dispersion technology is a promising technology for detecting the solar extra-system planets. The traditional solar system external planet detection technology is that a high-precision cross dispersion echelle grating spectrometer is used for accurately measuring a tiny Doppler frequency shift to extract a sight direction speed signal, but a large-caliber telescope is needed to obtain enough light energy for realizing high resolution, so that the equipment development cost is high, the technical difficulty is high, and the instrument is easily influenced by the environment. The coherent dispersion technology determines the viewing speed by measuring the phase change of interference fringes formed by spectral lines after passing through an interferometer, and can select a dispersion device with lower resolution to realize the detection precision equivalent to high-precision echelle grating, thereby effectively improving the flux of the instrument. The coherent dispersion method has the advantages of low cost, compact structure, capability of detecting a plurality of targets simultaneously and the like.
The coherent dispersion method is generally based on a michelson interferometer, interference fringes are often unstable due to the influence of temperature and the vibration of the environment, appropriate vibration isolation and constant temperature measures need to be taken, otherwise, the measurement precision is seriously influenced, and therefore the adoption of the michelson interferometer additionally increases the harsh requirements on the temperature and the pressure of the environment. In addition, the michelson interference splitting in the traditional coherent dispersion method only utilizes 50% of the energy in the target light, because the energy of one path of light returned by the interferometer to the light source is not utilized. The energy utilization rate of the interferometer can only reach 50% theoretically, and the transmittance and the sensitivity of the system are low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coherent dispersion spectral imaging method and a coherent dispersion spectral imaging device with large optical path difference and high stability, and solves the problems of severe environmental requirements and low transmittance and sensitivity of the coherent dispersion spectral imaging based on the traditional Michelson interferometer.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide a coherent dispersion spectral imaging method for realizing large optical path difference and high stability, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
and 4, dispersing the interference fringes onto a photoelectric detector according to the wavelength for receiving.
Further, in order to improve the system stability, in step 2, the target beam is split into a transmitted beam and a reflected beam with an intensity ratio of 50:50 by using a non-polarizing cube beam splitter.
Further, in step 2, adjusting the non-polarizing cube beam splitter to make the semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter parallel to the propagation direction of the target light beam; and adjusting the distance between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter and the target light beam, and adjusting the distance between the transmitted light beam and the reflected light beam after passing through the non-polarizing cube beam splitter.
Further, in step 2, the optical path difference between the transmitted light beam and the reflected light beam is adjusted by the optical path difference adjusting element.
Further, in step 5, the interference fringes are first arranged into parallel light by using a dispersion device, and then the parallel light is dispersed to a photodetector according to the wavelength to be received.
The invention also provides a coherent dispersion spectrum imaging device for realizing large optical path difference and high stability, which is characterized by comprising a beam splitter, an optical path adjusting element, a converging lens, a slit, a dispersion device and a photoelectric detector which are sequentially arranged along the optical path;
the beam splitter is used for splitting the target light beam into two light beams with the intensity ratio of 50: 50;
the optical path adjusting element is used for changing the optical paths of the two light beams, so that a set optical path difference is formed between the two light beams, and interference fringes are formed;
the converging lens is used for converging and imaging the interference light to the slit;
the slit is positioned at a primary image plane of the dispersion device;
the dispersion device is used for dispersing the interference fringes according to the wavelength;
the photoelectric detector is used for receiving the interference fringe information dispersed by the dispersing device.
Further, in order to improve the stability of the system, the beam splitter is a non-polarizing cube beam splitter, a semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter is parallel to the propagation direction of the target light beam, and an incident light beam is divided into two paths of light beams with the intensity of 50:50 through transmission and reflection.
Furthermore, in order to improve the luminous flux of the system, the incident surface and the emergent surface of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter are coated with antireflection films.
Further, the optical path adjusting element is a prism or a mirror assembly disposed in the transmission or reflection optical path of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter.
Further, the dispersion device includes a collimating lens and a grating sequentially disposed along the optical path, the collimating lens is configured to collimate the interference fringes into parallel light, and the grating is configured to disperse the collimated interference fringes onto the photodetector according to the wavelength to receive the interference fringes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the imaging method and the device have high energy utilization rate;
the traditional coherent dispersion spectrum imager can only utilize one path of interference output and has larger energy loss, but in the invention, an incident beam is divided into two paths of light beams with the intensity of 50:50 after passing through a beam splitter, and all the separated output light beams are recombined together and can be fully utilized, so that the energy utilization rate is close to 100 percent.
2. The imaging device has high sensitivity;
the invention has high energy utilization rate, and the incident surface and the emergent surface of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter are both coated with the antireflection film, thereby improving the luminous flux of the system and greatly improving the sensitivity of the whole system.
3. The imaging device has compact structure and high stability;
the present invention uses a non-polarizing cube beam splitter as the beam splitter, making the overall system more compact, thereby relaxing the mechanical and thermal stability requirements applicable to such devices. Meanwhile, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter is parallel to the transmission direction of the target light beam, so that the distance between two paths of light beams divided by the non-polarizing cube beam splitter is smaller, the influence of external thermodynamic change on the two light paths is approximately the same, the influence of environmental vibration and temperature change on the light beams is reduced, and the stability of the system is improved.
4. The interference beams have large optical path difference;
according to the invention, an optical path adjusting element such as an optical medium or a reflector combination is arranged behind the non-polarization cube beam splitter along one side of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer of the non-polarization cube beam splitter, so that a large optical path difference is generated, and the coherent dispersion spectral imaging device has higher detection precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an optical schematic diagram of a coherent dispersive spectral imaging device with large optical path difference and high stability in an embodiment.
The reference numbers in the figures are: the device comprises an incident light source 1, a non-polarizing cube beam splitter 2, an optical path adjusting element 3, a converging lens 4, a slit 5, a collimating lens 6, a grating 7 and a photoelectric detector 8.
Detailed Description
The invention combines the interference light splitting technology and the dispersion light splitting technology to realize coherent dispersion imaging, improves the energy utilization rate and has higher transmittance, sensitivity and stability. The method can be realized by the following steps: firstly, adjusting target light to enter an interference light splitting optical path in a parallel or convergent manner, then dividing the target light into two paths of light beams with the intensity of 50:50, adjusting the optical path difference between a transmitted light beam and a reflected light beam to form interference fringes, converging the interference fringes and imaging the converged interference fringes on a slit, wherein the slit becomes the incident image surface position of a dispersion device in a subsequent optical path; and finally, dispersing the interference fringes onto a photoelectric detector according to the wavelength for receiving.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the coherent dispersive spectral imaging device of the present embodiment includes an unpolarized cube beam splitter 2, an optical path adjusting element 3, a converging lens 4, a slit 5, a collimating lens 6, a grating 7, and a photodetector 8, which are sequentially disposed along an optical path. The non-polarization cube beam splitter 2 is arranged on the light path of the incident light source 1, and a front mirror device composed of a lens or a reflecting device can be connected to the incident light source 1, so that the effects of collimating the incident light, eliminating stray light and the like are realized. The beam splitting function is realized by using the unpolarized cube beam splitter, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer of the unpolarized cube beam splitter is parallel to the propagation direction of an incident beam, and the distance between a reflected beam and a transmitted beam after passing through the unpolarized cube beam splitter can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer of the unpolarized cube beam splitter and the incident beam. When a light beam passes through the non-polarizing cube beam splitter, the non-polarizing cube beam splitter splits the incident light beam into two beams with the intensity of 50: 50. The incident beam is firstly refracted on the input surface of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter and then is divided into two beams by the semi-transparent semi-reflective layer. The two beams are parallel to the incident beam after being refracted again at the output surface of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter. In other embodiments, an asymmetric common-path type Sagnac interferometer can be used to implement the light splitting function. In order to improve the luminous flux of the system, antireflection films are coated on the incident surface and the emergent surface of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter. The optical path difference adjusting element is arranged in a reflection or transmission optical path of the non-polarization cube beam splitter, and is used for adjusting the optical path difference between a transmission light beam and a reflection light beam, the optical path difference adjusting element can be a prism or a reflector component arranged in the optical path, and the optical path of the light beam can be conveniently changed by changing a medium or a path. The large optical path difference can enable the coherent dispersive spectral imaging device to have higher detection precision. The converging lens 4 is used for converging and imaging interference fringes formed by the interference light to the slit 5. The slit 5 is used as an entrance slit of a subsequent dispersion device, is positioned at a primary image plane of a subsequent dispersion splitting system, and also plays a role in eliminating stray light. The collimating lens 6 is used for rectifying the light rays at the slit into parallel light rays which are incident into the subsequent dispersive device grating. The collimating lens 6 can also be replaced by a mirror combination, and correspondingly, the subsequent optical device is arranged on the reflecting light path of the mirror combination. The grating 7 functions to disperse interference fringes formed by the interference beams according to wavelength and image the interference fringes onto the photodetector 8. This embodiment uses a form of grating dispersion splitting, and the grating 7 may be a transmission grating or a reflection grating. The photodetector 8 is used for sampling and collecting interference fringe signals distributed according to wavelengths, converting the interference fringe signals into electric signals, amplifying, filtering and the like the signals, and providing measurement data for hardware inversion or computer software inversion of relevant parameters such as speed, temperature and the like of target light. The photodetector may be a CCD or other photoelectric conversion device.
The target light enters the non-polarizing cube beam splitter 2 as parallel light or convergent light, and the target light is split into a reflected light beam and a transmitted light beam by the non-polarizing cube beam splitter 2. The reflected light beam or the transmitted light beam passes through the optical path adjusting element, so that the two light beams generate interference, the interference fringes are converged and imaged on the slit 5 through the converging lens 4, and the slit 5 becomes the incident image surface position of the dispersion device in the subsequent optical path. The light rays at the slit 5 are arranged into parallel light by the collimating lens 6 and are incident on the grating 7, and interference fringes formed by the interference light beams are dispersed according to the wavelength by the grating 7 and are imaged on the photoelectric detector 8. The received interference fringes distributed according to the wavelength are processed by noise reduction, filtering, amplification and the like, and then are processed by software on a hardware chip or a computer, and the information of the interference fringes is extracted and obtained. By processing the intensity and phase change of the interference fringe, information such as the running speed of the target light is inverted.
Claims (10)
1. A coherent dispersion spectral imaging method for realizing large optical path difference and high stability is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, adjusting a target light beam to enter an interference light splitting light path in a parallel or convergent manner;
step 2, dividing the target light beam into two light beams with the intensity ratio of 50:50, and adjusting the optical path difference between the two light beams to form interference fringes;
step 3, converging and imaging the interference fringes on the slit;
and 4, dispersing the interference fringes at the slit onto a photoelectric detector according to the wavelength for receiving.
2. The method for realizing coherent dispersive spectral imaging with large optical path difference and high stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 2, the target beam is split into a transmitted beam and a reflected beam with a 50:50 intensity ratio using a non-polarizing cube beam splitter.
3. The method for realizing coherent dispersive spectral imaging with large optical path difference and high stability according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step 2, adjusting the non-polarizing cube beam splitter to enable the semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter to be parallel to the transmission direction of the target light beam; and adjusting the distance between the semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter and the target light beam, and adjusting the distance between the transmitted light beam and the reflected light beam after passing through the non-polarizing cube beam splitter.
4. The method of claim 3 for coherent dispersive spectroscopy imaging with large optical path difference and high stability, wherein: in step 2, the optical path difference between the transmitted light beams or the reflected light beams is adjusted by using the optical path difference adjusting element.
5. The method of claim 3 for coherent dispersive spectroscopy imaging with large optical path difference and high stability, wherein: in step 4, the interference fringes are firstly arranged into parallel light by using a dispersion device, and then the parallel light is dispersed to a photoelectric detector according to the wavelength to be received.
6. A coherent dispersion spectrum imaging device for realizing large optical path difference and high stability is characterized in that: the optical path adjusting device comprises a beam splitter, an optical path adjusting element, a converging lens, a slit, a dispersion device and a photoelectric detector which are sequentially arranged along an optical path;
the beam splitter is used for splitting the target light beam into two light beams with the intensity ratio of 50: 50;
the optical path adjusting element is used for changing the optical paths of the two light beams, so that a set optical path difference is formed between the two light beams, and interference fringes are formed;
the converging lens is used for converging and imaging the interference light to the slit;
the slit is positioned at a primary image surface of the dispersion device;
the dispersion device is used for dispersing the interference fringes according to the wavelength;
the photoelectric detector is used for receiving the interference fringe information dispersed by the dispersing device.
7. The coherent dispersive spectral imaging device according to claim 6, which realizes large optical path difference and high stability, wherein: the beam splitter is a non-polarization cube beam splitter, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer of the non-polarization cube beam splitter is parallel to the transmission direction of the target light beam, and an incident light beam is divided into two paths of light beams with the intensity of 50:50 through transmission and reflection.
8. The coherent dispersive spectral imaging device according to claim 7, which realizes large optical path difference and high stability, wherein: and the incident surface and the emergent surface of the non-polarizing cube beam splitter are both plated with antireflection films.
9. The coherent dispersive spectral imaging device according to claim 8, which realizes large optical path difference and high stability, wherein: the optical path adjusting element is a prism or a reflecting mirror assembly arranged in a transmission or reflection optical path of the non-polarization cube beam splitter.
10. The coherent dispersive spectroscopic imaging device according to any one of claims 6 to 9 for achieving large optical path difference and high stability, wherein: the dispersion device comprises a collimating lens and a grating which are sequentially arranged along a light path, the collimating lens is used for sorting the interference fringes into parallel light, and the grating is used for dispersing the sorted interference fringes onto a photoelectric detector according to wavelength to be received.
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| CN111780873A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-16 | 天津大学 | Prism type interference measuring device |
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| CN106872038A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-06-20 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A kind of relevant dispersion spectrum imaging device of high flux high stable |
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Application publication date: 20210525 |