CN106918392A - A kind of big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of high stable and its application system - Google Patents
A kind of big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of high stable and its application system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/45—Interferometric spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/45—Interferometric spectrometry
- G01J2003/451—Dispersive interferometric spectrometry
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of high stable and its application system.The common light path Sagnac interferometers that the big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of the high stable is used are unsymmetric structure, the locus of the reflecting surface being total in light path Sagnac interferometers sets and causes that the final light beam returned through beam-splitting surface in light path Sagnac interferometers altogether no longer overlaps with incident beam, but spatially parallel separation；Beam kept man of a noblewoman time light splitting of scoring obtains one-level light beam, and secondary light splitting obtains secondary light beam；Then the light beam in the light path before secondary light splitting corresponding to spaced parallel separation is additionally provided with light path adjustment structure so that two-way one-level light beam finally produces optical path difference, with interfering beam outgoing.On this basis, the invention allows for high-throughout, high stability relevant dispersed light spectrum imaging system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to spectral imaging technology field, it is related to a kind of big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of high stable.
Background technology
Spectral imaging technology, sometimes referred to as imaging spectral technology, have merged spectral technique and imaging technique, and intersection is covered
Various subjects such as spectroscopy, optics, computer technology, electronic technology and precision optical machinery, the bidimensional that can simultaneously obtain target is empty
Between information and one-dimensional spectral information.Spectral imaging technology is widely used in military affairs, medical science, industry, agricultural, resource environment, air
The aspects such as detection, astronomy, develop just in the ascendant.
Interference-type light splitting technology is a kind of main light splitting type in spectral imaging technology.Can be divided into mikey in interference-type
Er Xun interference light splitting, the non-interference with common path light splitting type that Mach-Zahnder interference light splitting is representative, and light splitting is interfered with Sagnac
Technology is the common light path light splitting type of representative.The major advantage of non-interference with common path light splitting technology is relatively short light path, its
Two arms of interferometer are separate, and light beam is advanced in two arms, and the light path in the different then two-arm of brachium can not
Together, you can the optical path difference needed for producing.But the interferometer for being formed often causes to interfere bar because of thermodynamics deformation and environmental change
Line is unstable.The route that interference with common path light splitting technology is then advanced due to two light beams for separating in interferometer is identical or even complete
Full weight is closed, thus external environment such as shakes, temperature change causes thermodynamics deforms while act on two light beams, therefore mutually
Offset so that interferometer is more reliable and more stable.
The canonical form of Sagnac interference light splitting technologies has two kinds, a kind of to be made up of two reflectings surface and beam-splitting surface,
Usually pentagonal prism type, (hereinafter referred to as three reflector types) that another kind is made up of three reflectings surface and beam-splitting surface.Tradition
Based on two Sagnac interference with common path instrument of reflecting surface because the optical path difference that shearing is produced is smaller, while traditional three reflecting surface
Sagnac light splitting technologies, no matter in vacuum, air or other media, the route that target light is advanced wherein is to overlap and identical
, it is impossible to produce optical path difference.
For two reflector type Sagnac interferometers, change the position of one of reflecting surface, produce translation so that
This two reflectings surface are not symmetrical further referring to the beam splitter section in interferometer, then can form shearing displacement and produce optical path difference, but this
When optical path difference it is smaller.But for three reflector type Sagnac interferometers, compared to two reflector types, light beam multiple reflection one wherein
Secondary, the shearing displacement of formation is returned by compensation again, so no matter changing the position of one or more reflectings surface of any of which, is produced flat
Line position is moved, all without generation optical path difference.Therefore, need to produce the common light path occasion of optical path difference in tradition, typical case is to use
Sagnac interferometers based on two reflector types, there is not yet producing the side of big optical path difference using three reflector type Sagnac interferometers
Case.
Therefore, the present invention proposes to realize the skill of big optical path difference in two reflector types and three reflector type Sagnac interferometers
Art scheme.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of common light path Sagnac interference light-dividing devices of big optical path difference of high stability.
The interference with common path light-dividing device of the big optical path difference of the high stability, is done using the common light path Sagnac of unsymmetric structure
Interferometer, i.e., the locus of reflecting surface altogether in light path Sagnac interferometers sets and causes final warp light path Sagnac interferometers altogether
The light beam that middle beam-splitting surface is returned no longer overlaps with incident beam, but spatially parallel separation；
Beam kept man of a noblewoman time light splitting of scoring obtains one-level light beam, and secondary light splitting obtains secondary light beam；The then light before secondary light splitting
Light beam on road corresponding to spaced parallel separation is additionally provided with light path adjustment structure so that two-way one-level light beam (transmitted light beam
And the reflected beams) optical path difference is finally produced, with interfering beam outgoing.
Based on such scheme, the present invention has also further made following optimization：
Above-mentioned light path adjustment structure, specifically sets up different optical mediums, or increase path to change light path.
Above-mentioned light path adjustment structure is arranged on the transmitted light path after light splitting first, or is arranged at anti-after light splitting first
Penetrate in light path.
Above-mentioned optical medium is prism, and above-mentioned increase path is realized using arrangement of mirrors.
Between incident light source and the interference with common path light splitting optical path, preposition optical shaping system is additionally provided with (with reality
Collimation, the veiling glare that disappears now to incident light etc. are acted on), mainly it is made up of lens and/or reflection device.
Above-mentioned beam-splitting surface is semi-transparent semi-reflective.
In the above-mentioned beam-splitting structure of light path Sagnac interferometers altogether, three reflectings surface and a semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitting mask body
The hollow form being made up of speculum and semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitter, or correspondingly plated on four faces respectively by same prism
Reflectance coating and semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitting coating are constituted.
Above scheme is not only suitable for pentagonal prism type, is also applied for three reflector types.
The present invention also using the interference with common path light-dividing device of the big optical path difference of the high stability, proposes a kind of its high flux
, the relevant dispersed light spectrum imaging system of high stability, scheme is as follows：
The relevant dispersed light spectrum imaging system includes the big optical path difference interference with common path light splitting of the high stable for setting gradually
Device, two-way dispersion light splitting optical path and corresponding photodetector；From the big optical path difference interference with common path light splitting of the high stable
The interfering beam of device outgoing, wherein on slit after the concentrated lens of interfering beam are assembled all the way, the slit turns into color all the way
Dissipate the incident image planes position of light splitting optical path；It is described final through in light path Sagnac interferometers altogether points for another road interfering beam
The light beam that beam face returns, sets another convergent lens and another slit in light path where the light beam, enters the light beam another
In one dispersion light splitting optical path.
Above-mentioned dispersion light splitting optical path can use prism dispersion light splitting form or grating dispersion light splitting form, wherein grating color
Dissipate the specifically chosen transmission grating of light splitting form or reflecting grating.
Main advantage of the invention is as follows：
1st, big optical path difference.The element of light path is changed by the addition middle all the way of the two-way light by light beam after interfering light splitting,
Such as prism or arrangement of mirrors, then big optical path difference can be produced.In this way, just realizing the common light path beam-splitting structure of big optical path difference.
2nd, stability is high.Interference light splitting technology is light road technique altogether, the interferometer developed with this and relevant dispersion spectrum into
As instrument stability is high.After using common light path light splitting technology, extraneous thermodynamics change acts on two arms of interferometer simultaneously, therefore
The optical path difference of generation can cancel out each other, and the interference fringe of formation is also more stablized, corresponding interferometer and relevant dispersion spectrum
Imager stability is high.
3rd, capacity usage ratio is high, and system sensitivity is high.The two-way interference light whole that interferometer can be exported in the present invention
Utilize, it is to avoid only using the situation for interfering output all the way in traditional coherent dispersion spectrum imager so that utilization rate increases to
Close to 100%, the transmitance of whole system is also greatly increased, thus improves the sensitivity of system.
Above with respect to the present invention and then the relevant dispersed light spectrum imaging system of the high flux high stable of proposition：
In fact, color dispersion-type and interference-type are two kinds of main light splitting types in spectral imaging technology.Generally will
Both light-splitting methods are used separately.In rare cases, such as mesh is followed the trail of using the Doppler frequency shift change of interference fringe
During target speed, when the speed of service that remote sensing fields survey wind speed, astronomical field survey fixed star and planet, can be by both
Light-splitting method combines, to obtain the preferable certainty of measurement to target.In the document [1] [2], it is proposed that a kind of utilization
Relevant dispersion method (the Fixed Delay of traditional Michelson interference light splitting technology combination transmission grating light splitting technology
Interferometer), also there is the method that transmission grating therein is improved to reflecting grating light splitting technology later.However, its
In interference light splitting technology be always, based on Michelson interference light splitting technology, to belong to non-interference with common path light splitting technology, it is main
Two arms that also allow for its interferometer are separate, and light beam is advanced in two arms, according to the different then two-arm of brachium
In light path can be with difference, you can produce needed for optical path difference；But interferometer often makes because of thermodynamics deformation and environmental change
Obtain interference fringe unstable, and Michelson interference light splitting only make use of in target light 50% energy in traditional coherent dispersion method
Amount, because the energy that interferometer returns to the light all the way of light source does not add utilization, this energy loss in astronomical observation is than more serious
(equivalent to the observation time for extending 4 times), cause system transmitance and sensitivity low.And the common light path (symmetrical structure) of tradition
Light splitting technology, no matter in vacuum, air or other media, the route that target light is advanced wherein be overlap and identical,
Optical path difference cannot be produced.
Thus, present invention firstly provides the above-mentioned light splitting being combined with dispersion light splitting technology with interference with common path light splitting technology
Method, it is significant.
[1]Ge J,2002a,Fixed Delay Interferometry for Doppler Extrasolar
Planet Detection.The Astrophysical Journal,571,165.
[2]Ge J,Erskine D and Rushford M,2002b,An Externally Dispersed
Interferometer for Sensitive Doppler Extrasolar Planet Searches.Publications
of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific,114:1016–1028.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the big optical path difference interference with common path Dichroic Optical schematic diagram of high stable of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram for being added in interferometer the light path adjustment structure for producing optical path difference, and wherein first two is
The pattern (prism or prism arrangement) of optical medium is set up, afterwards three kinds of patterns (combination plane mirrow) to increase path.
Fig. 3 is a kind of relevant dispersed light spectrum imaging system of interference with common path light-dividing device shown in application drawing 1.
Drawing reference numeral explanation：
1-incident light source, 2-Sagnac interferometers, 3-prism (light path adjustment structure), 4-semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitter,
5-convergent lens, 6-slit, 7-lens, 8-grating, 9-photodetector.
Specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of the high stable uses the Sagnac light splitting of unsymmetric structure
Interferometer, the Sagnac spectral interference instrument of the unsymmetric structure can also use split type structure, by half using entity
Saturating half anti-beam splitter and two reflectings surface, or be made up of semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitter and three reflectings surface.By adjusting Sagnac
The locus of the reflecting surface in interferometer, it is ensured that the final light beam (returning to light source incident direction) returned through beam splitter and incidence
Light beam no longer overlaps, but spatially parallel separation, consequently facilitating changing light path by changing medium or path to light beam.
Target light enters into the common light path Sagnac interferometers of unsymmetric structure with parallel or converging light；Target light is done
Semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitter in interferometer is divided into transmitted light beam all the way and all the way the reflected beams；On transmitted light beam or the reflected beams
Light path adjustment structure is added, allows light beam to pass through, reach beam splitter again afterwards；Return to the transmitted light beam and reflected light of beam splitter
Shu Zaici is transmitted and reflected by beam splitter, forms four road light, and wherein two-way light produces interference light and equidirectional return light source incidence
Direction, another two-way produces interference light and travels to other direction (perpendicular light source incident direction in figure).
The characteristics of each several part in device is explained in detail below：
Sagnac interferometers 2 are arranged in the light path of incident light source 1, be can access by lens or reflector after incident light source
The preset lens device of part composition, to realize that collimation, the veiling glare that disappears to incident light etc. are acted on.Sagnac interferometers 2 are included by three
Individual reflecting surface and a semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam-splitting surface, the hollow form that can be made up of speculum and semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitter 4,
The solid form that reflectance coating and semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitting coating 4 are constituted can be plated by prism.In design, must be unsymmetric structure,
That is three reflectings surface of interferometer are not in relation to beam-splitting surface axial symmetry, but one of face or two faces even three faces are each self-produced
The certain translation of life, translational movement depends on the diameter and required physical space size of light beam.No matter translational movement how much, interferometer
Two-way outgoing interfering beam return to light source direction all the way, and no longer overlapped with former incident beam；Another road is perpendicular to incident light
Source direction.
Wherein the prism 3 of light is used to change light path all the way to be added to interferometer, and it can be added to incident light source for the first time
In by the transmitted light beam after semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitter 4, it is also possible to be added to for the first time by anti-after semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitter 4
In irradiating light beam, but must be before they are again by semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitter 4.
As shown in Figure 2, the forms such as arrangement of mirrors can also be changed to for changing the prism 3 of light path.
Interferometer shown in figure is hollow-core construction, and semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitter 4 can be the beam splitter of cubic form
Can be the beam splitter of flat type, if interferometer is solid construction, semi-transparent half can be plated by the prism for constituting interferometer
Anti- beam splitting coating is realized.
Using the device, a kind of relevant dispersion spectrum imaging device of high flux high stable can be set up, as shown in figure 3, will
Two-way interference fringe assemble respectively after to imaging slit on, slit turn into subsequent optical path in Dispersive Devices incident image planes position.
Two-way interference light is entered into subsequent optical path so that capacity usage ratio reaches highest close to 100%, and system is improved to greatest extent
Light transmittance.Subsequent optical path can use grating dispersion light splitting form, and Dispersive Devices are transmission grating or reflecting grating, will be interfered
Striped is received according in wavelength dispersion to photodetector.The interference fringe by Wavelength distribution after reception by noise reduction filtering, put
After the treatment such as big, the software processing on hardware chip or computer, extraction obtains the information of interference fringe.Interfered by processing
The intensity of striped, phase place change, are finally inversed by the information such as the speed of service of target light.
The effect of convergent lens 5 is that the interference fringe convergence for forming interference light is imaged onto at slit 6.The effect of slit 6
It is the entrance slit as follow-up Dispersive Devices, is also at an image planes of follow-up dispersion beam splitting system, to also function to eliminate spuious
The effect of light.The effect of lens 7 is that the light at slit is organized into directional light, in inciding follow-up Dispersive Devices grating.Thoroughly
Mirror 7 can also be substituted (corresponding, subsequent optical device is placed on the reflected light path of speculum group) with arrangement of mirrors.The reality
Example is applied using grating dispersion light splitting form, the effect of grating 8 be the interference fringe for forming interfering beam according to wavelength dispersion, and
It is imaged onto on photodetector 9.Grating 8 can be transmission grating, or reflecting grating.
The effect of photodetector 9 is will to carry out sample collection according to the interferometric fringe signal of Wavelength distribution, and is converted to
Electric signal, the and signal treatment such as be amplified, filtered, to realize that the hardware of the relevant parameter such as speed, temperature of target light is anti-
Drill or computer software inverting provides measurement data.Photodetector can be CCD, or other optical-electrical converters
Part.
Claims (10)
1. the big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of a kind of high stable, using common light path Sagnac interferometers, it is characterised in that：
The light path Sagnac interferometers altogether are unsymmetric structure, i.e., the space bit of reflecting surface altogether in light path Sagnac interferometers is installed
Put and cause that the final light beam returned through beam-splitting surface in light path Sagnac interferometers altogether no longer overlaps with incident beam, but in space
Upper parallel separation；
Beam kept man of a noblewoman time light splitting of scoring obtains one-level light beam, and secondary light splitting obtains secondary light beam；Then in the light path before secondary light splitting
Light beam corresponding to spaced parallel separation is additionally provided with light path adjustment structure so that two-way one-level light beam finally produces light path
Difference, with interfering beam outgoing.
2. the big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of high stable according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The light path
Adjustment structure, be to set up different optical mediums, or increase path and change light path.
3. the big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of high stable according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The light path
Adjustment structure, is arranged on the transmitted light path after light splitting first, or is arranged on the reflected light path after light splitting first.
4. the big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of high stable according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The optics
Medium is prism, and the increase path is realized using arrangement of mirrors.
5. the big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of high stable according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In incident light
Between source and the interference with common path light splitting optical path, preposition optical shaping system is additionally provided with, mainly by lens and/or reflector
Part is constituted.
6. the big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of high stable according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The beam splitting
Face is semi-transparent semi-reflective.
7. the big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of high stable according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Common light path
The beam-splitting structure of Sagnac interferometers, the hollow form being made up of speculum and semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitter, or by prism
The solid form of reflectance coating and semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitting coating composition is correspondingly plated in different faces.
8. according to any described big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of high stable of claim 1 to 7, it is characterised in that：
The light path Sagnac interferometers altogether are pentagonal prism type or three reflector types.
9. the relevant dispersion spectrum imaging of the big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of high stable described in a kind of application claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：The big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device of the high stable, two-way dispersion including setting gradually point
Light light path and corresponding photodetector；From the interference light of the big optical path difference interference with common path light-dividing device outgoing of the high stable
Beam, wherein on slit after the concentrated lens of interfering beam are assembled all the way, the slit turns into the incidence of dispersion light splitting optical path all the way
Image planes position；It is the final light beam returned through beam-splitting surface in light path Sagnac interferometers altogether for another road interfering beam,
Another convergent lens and another slit are set in light path where the light beam, the light beam is entered another dispersion light splitting optical path
In.
10. relevant dispersed light spectrum imaging system according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：The dispersion light splitting optical path is adopted
With prism dispersion light splitting form or grating dispersion light splitting form, wherein the specifically chosen transmission grating of grating dispersion light splitting form or
Reflecting grating.
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| CN109374109A (en) * | 2018-09-01 | 2019-02-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of mini optical fibre extrinsic type Michelson sound pressure sensor of light channel structure altogether |
| CN108982913B (en) * | 2018-09-01 | 2020-09-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Miniature optical fiber extrinsic type Michelson acceleration sensor with common optical path structure |
| CN109374109B (en) * | 2018-09-01 | 2020-09-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Miniature optical fiber extrinsic type Michelson sound pressure sensor with common optical path structure |
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| CN112097909B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-10-11 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Method and system for detecting optical path difference of interference of constantlight and tracking fringes |
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