CN201897503U - Wide-spectral-coverage spatial heterodyne spectrometer - Google Patents
Wide-spectral-coverage spatial heterodyne spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN201897503U CN201897503U CN201020631062XU CN201020631062U CN201897503U CN 201897503 U CN201897503 U CN 201897503U CN 201020631062X U CN201020631062X U CN 201020631062XU CN 201020631062 U CN201020631062 U CN 201020631062U CN 201897503 U CN201897503 U CN 201897503U
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- echelle grating
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a wide-spectral-coverage spatial heterodyne spectrometer, which overcomes the defect that the traditional spatial heterodyne spectrometer in the prior art has the narrow spectral coverage. A balzed grating assembly in the wide-spectral-coverage spatial heterodyne spectrometer consists of a first middle step grating and a second middle step grating, wherein the first middle step grating is positioned on a reflecting light path formed for the first time by a beam splitting element, the second middle step grating is positioned on a transmission light path, and the angle and position relationship of the two middle step gratings meets the following requirements that: 1. reflecting and transmission light beams split by the beam splitting element for the first time are respectively emitted onto the two middle step gratings at a Littrow angel; and 2. the conventional position relationship of the balzed grating assembly and the light splitting element is used as the reference, the first step grating rotates alpha/4 degree around a first rotating shaft, and the second middle step grating rotates alpha/4 degree around a second rotating shaft in the reverse direction. The wide-spectral-coverage spatial heterodyne spectrometer has the advantages of high stability, high optical spectrum resolution and wide spectral coverage and is particularly suitable for the application of satellite borne space environment remote sensing and atmospheric exploration.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph.
Background technology
One, the mathematical expression of the ultimate principle of space heterodyne spectrograph
By radiation complanation ripple after collimating of interferometer entrance pupil, through the beam splitter beam splitting respectively with Littrow angle θ
L, incide on two blocks of gratings.According to grating equation
σ(sinθ
L+sinβ)＝mD，(1)
σ is a wave number, θ
L, being beam incident angle, β is the light beam emergence angle, and m is that the order of diffraction is inferior, and D is the incisure density of grating.Then can there be a certain wave number σ with different diffraction angle β outgoing from the grating in the light of different wave number σ in the outgoing beam behind diffraction
0Light return promptly corresponding β (σ according to former input path
0)=θ
L, the outgoing corrugated of corresponding two blocks of gratings is parallel to each other through behind the beam-splitting board, and this wave number is called the heterodyne wave number.And can there be certain angle 2 γ in the outgoing corrugated of other wave numbers σ correspondence, and the big I at γ angle is solved by the β angle.For an incident corrugated, have two outgoing corrugateds corresponding with it like this, these two corrugateds can interfere, and satisfy formula:
I(x)＝∫B(σ)(1+cos(2π(4(σ-σ
0)xtanθ
L))，(2)
Just can obtain interferogram along the x direction of surveying, further interferogram I (x) be carried out the spectrum B (σ) that Fourier transform just can obtain incident light.
Two, existing research situation
It is at present domestic that carried out space heterodyne spectrograph research is the people such as Ye Song of Anhui Inst. of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.It has mainly been studied and has adopted the traditional narrow spectral coverage space heterodyne spectrograph of common blazed grating as dispersion element, as Fig. 1.
Common blazed grating blazing angle is commonplace 20 °～30 ° left and right sides; Incisure density is generally at hundreds of to one or two thousand gr/mm; Generally be used in first-order diffraction, i.e. m=1.The space heterodyne spectral technique is only near blazing angle θ
LSmall angle range in set up, adopt common grating only to use a level time, so spectral coverage will be very narrow.
External correlative study once proposed to adopt the feasibility of echelle grating, because the blazing angle of echelle grating is big, generally at 60 °～70 °; Incisure density is little, is generally tens gr/mm; Use level time high, be generally tens to levels up to a hundred, i.e. m=n * 10～100, and be that tens orders of diffraction time are used simultaneously.Yet, how utilize a lot of levels time a series of narrow spectral coverage to be synthesized wide spectrum simultaneously, particularly, only be in the theoretical research initial stage to the respective design of optical texture and the processing etc. of light path thereafter, still immature.
Though use common grating not have the problem of grade inferior aliasing, still will solve the problem (σ that restores the spectrum aliasing
0The spectrum of ± Δ σ can mix).Two kinds of approach are adopted in existing research: the first, add the bandpass filter wheel at the entrance pupil front end, and make σ＞σ
0And σ＜σ
0Light be taken up in order of priority and enter interferometer, gather respectively.The second, two blocks of gratings are tilted respectively (this pitch angle does not have strict restriction) yet.For the instrument that is applied to space remote sensing, its stability and reliability are unusual important index, do not wish to exist in the system moving component, otherwise this can give stable and reliability be brought risk.Parts as mechanical mask wheel also will be joined drive motor and precise control system, bring pressure all can for volume, weight and the power consumption of instrument.
The utility model content
The utility model provides a kind of wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph, has overcome the very narrow defective of traditional space heterodyne spectrograph spectral coverage in the prior art.
The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
A kind of wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph, comprise interferometer entrance pupil, colimated light system, beam splitting element, blazed grating assembly, striped imaging system and detector array, wherein the core component of beam splitting element is the depolarization spectro-film of 50: 50 half-reflection and half-transmissions, with the difference of existing narrow spectral coverage space heterodyne spectrograph (background technology is described) mainly is: the blazed grating assembly is formed by being in first echelle grating on the reflected light path that beam splitting element forms first and second echelle grating on the transmitted light path respectively; If through the first echelle grating center and the straight line parallel with the optical axis of colimated light system place light path is first turning axle, through the second echelle grating center and in same plane the straight line vertical with described first turning axle be second turning axle, and all the incident direction of regulation echelle grating is rotated counterclockwise 90 degree again and is the positive dirction of rotation, the angle of two echelle grating, the position relation satisfies: reflection that (1) beam splitting element is told first and transmitted light beam all incide on two echelle grating with the Littrow angle, (2) be benchmark with the blazed grating assembly of routine and the pass, position of beam splitter, first echelle grating is spent rotation alpha/4 around first turning axle again, second echelle grating is rotated negative α/4 degree, wherein α 〉=4sin θ again around second turning axle
L/ (DW
y), W
yBe the size along groove direction grating, D is a grating line density; Mirror group and back mirror group before described striped imaging system comprises, the back focal plane of preceding mirror group overlaps with the front focal plane of back mirror group, and this focal plane overlaps position and is provided with the inferior mask of selecting of level.
Above-mentioned level time selection mask is preferably selected the controllable optical shutter, so just can control each regional printing opacity and resistance light state by circuit programming fully, and volume is little, low in energy consumption, and response speed is also fast than mechanical mask, does not have any moving component.
The optimised form of above-mentioned controllable optical shutter is to exist four-quadrant independently to control subregion, can realize the order of diffraction time selection function by the printing opacity or the resistance light state in two groups of diagonal quadrant zones of synchro control.
Above-mentioned striped imaging system is preferably the 4f system, and described level time selection mask is positioned at the frequency plane position of this 4f system.
Above-mentioned beam splitting element can be selected concrete forms such as beam-splitting board or beam splitter prism.
Above-mentioned colimated light system can selective transmission formula system or reflect system.
The telescopic system in above-mentioned interference instrument entrance pupil the place ahead can selective transmission formula system or reflect system.
The utlity model has following advantage:
1, the utility model is used existing device and light channel structure, has realized the wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph, has overcome the very narrow defective of traditional space heterodyne spectrograph spectral coverage in the prior art.
2, four-quadrant optical shutter mask is controlled each regional printing opacity and resistance light state by circuit programming fully, and volume is little, low in energy consumption, and response speed is also fast than mechanical mask.Do not need the most important thing is such drive motor of mechanical mask and accurate control circuit, as long as guarantee the mask installation accuracy, entire work process no longer needs the position adjustment.System does not need the bandpass filter as narrow spectral coverage system yet.Static wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph does not like this have any moving component, and system possesses the advantage of high stability, high spectral resolution, wide spectrum covering simultaneously, is fit to very much the application of spaceborne space environment remote sensing and atmospheric exploration.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the space heterodyne spectrograph principle schematic of the narrow spectral coverage of prior art;
Fig. 2 (does not rotate x for the utility model wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph principle schematic
1Axle, x
2During axle);
Fig. 3 is the order of diffraction time signal on the mask face;
Fig. 4 is two duties of mechanical mask;
Fig. 5 is two duties of the four-quadrant optical shutter among the utility model embodiment; Wherein, state shown in a figure is the AC printing opacity of four-quadrant optical shutter, and BD hinders light, and state shown in the b figure is the AC resistance light of four-quadrant optical shutter, the BD printing opacity.
The drawing reference numeral explanation:
1-interferometer entrance pupil, 2-colimated light system, 3-blazed grating, 31-echelle grating, 4-beam splitting element, 5-striped imaging system, 6-detector, 7-level time selection mask.
Embodiment
Ultimate principle of the present utility model is: telescopic system is collected the spectral radiance of observed object, and it is imaged onto interferometer entrance pupil place, target emanation through the interferometer entrance pupil becomes parallel beam behind colimated light system, be divided into transmission and reflection two-way by beam splitter, with Littrow angle (θ
L) incide respectively on two echelle grating, through light beams of different wavelengths after the echelle grating chromatic dispersion with different angle of diffraction from the grating on the reflected back into beam splitter.Through the beam splitter half-reflection and half-transmission, converge into outgoing beam again in the interferometer outlet.For an incident corrugated, there are two outgoing corrugateds that certain angle is arranged like this, have the coherence between these two corrugateds.Striped imaging system L
1Outgoing beam is assembled, on the mask face, obtained the picture of the interferometer entrance pupil of the corresponding different wave length that produces by two echelon grating chromatic dispersions and the order of diffraction time.It is inferior that mask sees through the required order of diffraction, and it is inferior that retaining falls unwanted level.Striped imaging system L
2To become parallel beam through the light beam of mask again, from the light beam of two echelle grating at L
2Interfere on the back focal plane, interferogram is detected the device array received.Interferogram is carried out two-dimensional Fourier transform and data recovery processing, just obtain the spectrum of target emanation.
Present embodiment selects four-quadrant controllable optical shutter as the order of diffraction time selection mask, thereby forms static wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph.It is made up of interferometer entrance pupil, colimated light system, beam splitter, echelle grating, striped imaging system, level time selection mask and detector.
1) interferometer entrance pupil: be positioned on the front focal plane of telescopic system back focal plane and colimated light system, effect is what and the field angle that the interferometer energy is incided in control.
2) colimated light system: will become parallel beam by the light beam of interferometer entrance pupil.Can be the transmission-type system, also can be reflect system.
3) beam splitter: its core incident parallel beam equal strength is divided into transmission and reflection two bundles, and the polarization characteristic of each bundle directional light is all identical with the incident directional light for being the depolarization spectro-film of 50: 50 half-reflection and half-transmissions.Concrete structure can be beam-splitting board, also can be beam splitter prism.
4) echelle grating: a kind of reflective gratings of big blazing angle relies on high diffracting grade to realize very high spectrally resolved ability.Adopt two echelle grating with respect to the symmetrical placement of beam splitter in the native system, the two bundle directional lights that make the beam splitter outgoing are with Littrow angle (θ
L) incide on two echelle grating, the grating line direction is approximately perpendicular to paper, and two blocks of gratings are x in paper respectively
1X axially and in paper
2Axially outer α/4 angles of rotating.Through after the grating dispersion, light beams of different wavelengths is with different angle of diffraction β outgoing from the grating.The light beam of identical wavelength by two optical grating diffractions after angle of diffraction identical, but can have the angle of α along the direction of vertical paper.
5) striped imaging system L
1: will converge on the mask of its back focal plane from the parallel beam at the different diffraction angle of reflected back on two echelon gratings.
6) mask: select to interfere the needed order of diffraction inferior.The position is in L
1Back focal plane and L
2Front focal plane on.
7) striped imaging system L
2: will become parallel beam by the light beam of mask, and on its back focal plane, form the interferogram of Fizeau form.
8) detector array: be positioned at striped imaging system L
2Back focal plane on, effect is to receive interferogram.
Wherein four-quadrant controllable optical shutter is a kind of spatial light modulation device, can control its printing opacity and resistance light state by electric signal.There is the subregion of four independent controls in four-quadrant controllable optical shutter, by the printing opacity and the resistance light state in synchro control AC district and BD district, just can realize the order of diffraction time selection function.Relative mechanical mask, four-quadrant controllable optical shutter does not have moving component, and volume is little, in light weight.Whole instrument does not have moving component, good stability, reliability height, is fit to spacer remote sensing and uses.
The light channel structure of this static state wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph is:
(1) the interferometer input aperture is positioned on the colimated light system front focal plane; (2) light beam incides with 45 on the beam splitting coating of beam splitting element on the axle, forms transmission and reflection two-way light.Transmitted light beam optical axis and collimating mirror optical axis coincidence, the folded light beam optical axis is perpendicular to the collimating mirror optical axis.The position relation of (3) two echelle grating satisfies: at first make grating line perpendicular to transmitted light beam optical axis and the definite plane of folded light beam optical axis, be the grating principal section in this plane, and satisfy reflection and transmitted light beam all incides on two echelle grating with the Littrow angle.Closing with the position of (in the background technology) the blazed grating assembly of routine and beam splitter then is benchmark, (is x with first echelle grating around first turning axle
1Axle) rotation alpha/4 are spent again, and second echelle grating (is x around second turning axle
2Axle) the negative α of rotation/4 are spent again; (4) striped imaging system optical axis is vertical with the colimated light system optical axis, with the optical axis coincidence of former (first) folded light beam.Mirror group and back mirror group before the striped imaging system can be divided into, the back focal plane of preceding mirror group overlaps with the front focal plane of back mirror group, and this focal plane overlaps position and is provided with the inferior mask of selecting of level.Planar array detector is positioned on the back focal plane of back mirror group.
The space heterodyne spectral technique is only near blazing angle θ
LSmall angle range in set up, adopt common grating only to use a level time, so spectral coverage will be very narrow.Adopt common blazed grating as dispersion element, can not run into the order of diffraction time overlapping problem, so the item at α angle in formula (2), do not occur containing.And use echelle grating need solve a grade inferior overlapping problem, so with two gratings difference tilt alpha/4, a lot of levels of utilization are inferior, each grade all has a Littrow wave number σ
0m, can synthesize wide spectrum by narrow spectral coverage by some row.Thereby interference formula also just becomes
I(x)＝∫B(σ)(1+cos(2π(4(σ-σ
0m)xtanθ
L+αyσ)) (3)
The value of α generally has two aspects to consider, and the first, according to the characteristic parameter of echelle grating.The second, according to spectral range, striped imaging system and the parameter detector of instruments design use.Concretely, inclined angle alpha/4 must be enough big, makes a series of Littrow wave number σ
0mAt least separate an interference fringe in the y direction, should satisfy α 〉=4sin θ
L/ (DW
y), D is a grating line density, W
yBe size along groove direction grating.The value upper limit of α will be determined α≤1/ (σ as size and striped imaging system parameter according to concrete spectral range, detector
Maxd
Pix), σ
MaxBe the maximum wave number of the spectral range of system applies, d
PixPixel dimension for detector.At present, during system design, get α=M/ (2 σ usually
Maxd
Pix), M is the enlargement ratio of striped imaging system.
Claims (7)
1. a wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph comprises interferometer entrance pupil, colimated light system, beam splitting element, blazed grating assembly, striped imaging system and detector array, and wherein the core component of beam splitting element is the depolarization spectro-film of 50: 50 half-reflection and half-transmissions.It is characterized in that: described blazed grating assembly is formed by being in first echelle grating on the reflected light path that beam splitting element forms first and second echelle grating on the transmitted light path respectively; If through the first echelle grating center and the straight line parallel with the optical axis of colimated light system place light path is first turning axle, through the second echelle grating center and in same plane the straight line vertical with described first turning axle be second turning axle, and all the incident direction of regulation echelle grating is rotated counterclockwise 90 degree again and is the positive dirction of rotation, the angle of two echelle grating, the position relation satisfies: reflection that (1) beam splitting element is told first and transmitted light beam all incide on two echelle grating with the Littrow angle, (2) be benchmark with the blazed grating assembly of routine and the pass, position of beam splitter, first echelle grating is spent rotation alpha/4 around first turning axle again, second echelle grating is rotated negative α/4 degree, wherein α 〉=4sin θ again around second turning axle
L/ (DW
y), W
yBe the size along groove direction grating, D is a grating line density; Mirror group and back mirror group before described striped imaging system comprises, the back focal plane of preceding mirror group overlaps with the front focal plane of back mirror group, and this focal plane overlaps position and is provided with the inferior mask of selecting of level.
2. wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described level time selection mask is the controllable optical shutter.
3. wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described controllable optical shutter exists four-quadrant independently to control subregion, can realize the order of diffraction time selection function by the printing opacity or the resistance light state in two groups of diagonal quadrant zones of synchro control.
4. according to the arbitrary described wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described striped imaging system is the 4f system, and described level time selection mask is positioned at the frequency plane position of this 4f system.
5. wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described beam splitting element is beam-splitting board or beam splitter prism.
6. wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described colimated light system is transmission-type system or reflect system.
7. wide spectrum space heterodyne spectrograph according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the telescopic system in described interferometer entrance pupil the place ahead is transmission-type system or reflect system.
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| CN108458787A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-28 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Echelle grating type space heterodyne Raman spectrometer light channel structure |
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| CN108458787A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-28 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Echelle grating type space heterodyne Raman spectrometer light channel structure |
| CN108458787B (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2019-08-23 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Echelle grating type space heterodyne Raman spectrometer light channel structure |
| CN108344508A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-07-31 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | A kind of asymmetric space heterodyne spectrograph of wide spectral range |
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