CN102759402A - Rotary Fourier transform interference imaging spectrometer - Google Patents
Rotary Fourier transform interference imaging spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102759402A CN102759402A CN2012102548986A CN201210254898A CN102759402A CN 102759402 A CN102759402 A CN 102759402A CN 2012102548986 A CN2012102548986 A CN 2012102548986A CN 201210254898 A CN201210254898 A CN 201210254898A CN 102759402 A CN102759402 A CN 102759402A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rotary Fourier transform interference imaging spectrometer, which includes a front collimation objective, a cube corner reflector, a beamsplitter, a rear imaging objective, a detector and a control and processing module, aims to reduce the light energy loss of a target, and has the characteristics of high luminous flux and detection sensitivity. The traditional rectilinear motion scanning manner of a moving mirror is substituted by the rotary scanning manner of the beamsplitter or the cube corner reflector, so as to avoid series of technical difficulties brought by precise rectilinear scanning of the moving mirror; a lateral shear interferometer based on the Michelson interference principle is adopted, and the characteristic of common path is obtained, so that the interference effect cannot be influenced even if the beamsplitter slightly shakes during the rotation; a planemirror in the traditional Fourier transform imaging spectrometer is substituted by the cube corner reflector, so that the problem brought by the inclined planemirror is avoided; therefore, the stability, reliability and vibration and impact resistance of the instrument are improved, and the structure of the spectrometer is more compact.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the light spectrum image-forming field, be specifically related to a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of high flux high stability.
Background technology
Compare with traditional color dispersion-type imaging spectrometer, Fourier transform imaging spectrometer has characteristics such as high light flux, high spectral resolution, high s/n ratio.It has expanded the spectral investigation field, receives the extensive concern of countries in the world, and has obtained fast development, in material evidence evaluation, agricultural production, resource exploration, environmental monitoring, prevent and reduce natural disasters, field such as material discriminating, public safety is widely used.
The Fourier transform spectrometer of modulation has higher spectral resolution and sensitivity based on the time, but it is very high to the stability requirement of measuring table, for realizing the high precision spectral image measurement, needs high stable structure and high-accuracy mechanical scanning mechanism.Time modulation Fourier transform spectrometer is mostly based on Michelson interferometer; The outstanding of it is a little highly sensitive; Rely on index glass to move and produce big optical path difference; And then realize the detection of high spectral resolution, but index glass in scanning inclination and traversingly make this system very responsive to the disturbance of mechanical vibration.Therefore, need additional servos to control index glass.This can make spectrometer system complicated, is prone to temperature influence, thereby has limited the range of application of spectrometer.Adopt tilting mirror to replace the accurate index glass mechanism of rectilinear motion or swing, have higher system stability, detection sensitivity and speed of detection.
People such as Bennett proposed time modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer (the Imaging Fourier transform spectrometer.Proc.SPIE 1993 based on Michelson interferometer in 1993; 1937:191-200); This scheme is high to the stability requirement of plane index glass in scanning, and environment and temperature are very big to its influence.
People such as Wadsworth have proposed tilting mirror interference spectrum technical scheme (Ultra high speed chemical imaging spectrometer.Proc SPIE, 1997,3082:148～154) in 1997.The optical path difference that is produced by the tilting mirror rotation in this scheme can propose very high requirement to the tilting mirror material chosen thus because the difference of different wave length refractive index is brought the non-linear of optical path difference.
People such as Griffiths proposed reflection type high-speed rotating mirror infrared interferometer principle (Ultra rapid scanning Fourier transform infrared spectrometry.Vibrational Spectroscopy in 1999; 1999,19 (1): 165～176).It can only if obtain line target or appearance target interference illustration, just must carry out point by point scanning to single pixel sampling, can't directly obtain the picture of collection of illustrative plates unification.The real-time of this spectrometer system is poor, and resolution is low, and the luminous flux that gets into system is little, and the working range that is suitable for is narrower.
(method for designing of rotary mirror type high sensitivity interference spectrum imager ROSI, photon journal, 2007,36 (2): 279～281) all be based on the tilting mirror interference imaging spectral technology of sagnac beam splitting structure that people such as Chinese patent 102322956A and Yuan Yan propose.Adopt two kinds of spectrometers of this principle can't the sagnac structure be made entity, the angle between beam splitter and two catoptrons has strict restriction, is difficult for debuging, and structure is not compact, less stable.
In sum; The straight line index glass of time modulation type Fourier transform spectrometer scanning up to now and rotating mirror scanning principle respectively have characteristics; But the picture that all has poor stability,, the collection of illustrative plates unification that can't directly obtain high respectively to the tilting mirror material requirements, and luminous flux low, be difficult for debuging, problem such as structure is not compact.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer, can carry out the interference spectrum imaging of high light flux and high stability target.
A kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention comprises preposition collimator objective, cube corner catoptron, beam splitter, rearmounted image-forming objective lens, detector and control and processing module, wherein,
Said preposition collimator objective is placed on the place ahead of target, converts the radiation laser beam of target to parallel beam, and beam splitter is placed in the light path at preposition collimator objective rear, and beam splitter becomes 45 with parallel beam;
Said cube corner catoptron has two; Be defined as the first cube corner catoptron and the second cube corner catoptron respectively, wherein, the first cube corner catoptron is placed in the reflected light path of beam splitter; The diagonal line of the first cube corner catoptron passes the symcenter of beam splitter, and becomes 45 with beam splitter; The second cube corner catoptron is arranged in the transmitted light path of beam splitter, and the second cube corner catoptron and the first cube corner catoptron are symmetrical distribution with respect to beam splitter; The first cube corner catoptron becomes the cube corner reflector group with the second cube corner reflector group;
Said beam splitter and cube corner reflector group relatively rotate as central point with the symcenter of beam splitter, are used to change the optical path difference from the two-way light beam of beam splitter transmission and refraction;
Said rearmounted image-forming objective lens is a Fourier transform lens, is placed in the light path with the beam splitter of the relative side of the first cube catoptron, is used for the two-way light beam from beam splitter transmission and refraction is carried out interference imaging;
Said detector is placed on the focal plane of rearmounted image-forming objective lens, is used to be received in the image planes interferogram that forms on this focal plane;
Said control links to each other with detector with processing module; The SF of one side control detector; The SF q relation of detector is satisfied:
wherein ω is the speed that relatively rotates of beam splitter and cube corner reflector group; S is the size of detector pixel; F ' is the focal length of rearmounted image-forming objective lens, and α is the angle that turns over relatively between beam splitter and the cube corner reflector group; Control is stored and data processing the image planes interferogram that detector receives with processing module on the other hand, thereby obtains the spectroscopic data cube of target;
A kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention also comprises the rotational translation device, is used for driving whole inteference imaging spectrometer rotation, changes the scanning window of imaging device thus.
A kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention also comprises the pendulum mirror that is placed on before the preposition collimator objective; The pendulum mirror with the target emanation beam reflection to preposition collimator objective; And, change the scanning window of imaging device thus through putting the rotation change optical system entrance pupil visual field of mirror.
Said preposition collimator objective is made up of two off-axis parabolic mirrors; Be defined as first off-axis parabolic mirror and second off-axis parabolic mirror respectively, wherein the focus in object space of second off-axis parabolic mirror overlaps with the image planes position of first off-axis parabolic mirror; The first off axis paraboloid mirror reflecting surface with the beam reflection of target emanation to second off-axis parabolic mirror, through its collimation back reflection to beam splitter.
Said rearmounted image-forming objective lens adopts off axis paraboloid mirror emission mirror, the refract light and the projection light of the back reflection face of beam splitter is carried out focal imaging, and imaging is reflexed on the detector.
A kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention also comprises rotation platform, and the control port of rotation platform links to each other with processing module with control, the rotation of control and processing module control rotation platform; Said beam splitter is installed on the rotation platform, and under the drive of rotation platform, beam splitter rotates with respect to the cube corner reflector group around its symcenter.
A kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention also comprises rotation platform, and the control port of rotation platform links to each other with processing module with control, the rotation of control and processing module control rotation platform; Said cube corner reflector group is installed on the rotation platform, and under the drive of rotation platform, the cube corner reflector group is rotated with respect to beam splitter around the symcenter of beam splitter.
A kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1) the present invention allows the clear aperature of arbitrary shape and size with respect to the slit interference imaging means of prior art employing, can reduce the target light loss of energy, therefore has the characteristics of high light flux and high detection sensitivity;
2) the present invention replaces traditional movable reflector straight-line motion scan mode with beam splitter rotary scanning mode, has avoided a series of technical difficulty of being brought by accurate rectilinear scanning index glass; Employing has the characteristic of common light path based on the lateral shearing interferometer of Michelson principle of interference, even beam splitter has small rocking in rotary course, also can not influence interference effect; Replace the level crossing in the conventional Fourier transform imaging spectrometer with the cube corner catoptron, avoided the problem that tilts to bring because of level crossing.These have all improved the ability of stability, reliability and anti-vibrations impact of instrument, and make the more compact structure of this invention.
3) apparatus of the present invention can obtain very big horizontal shear capacity through the beam splitter rotation, improve spectral resolution to a certain extent, and under the condition that guarantees big optical path difference, reduce the instrument volume greatly.
4) the present invention is equivalent in common imaging optical system, increase the lateral shearing interferometer through rotation beam splitter change optical path difference, and has utilized the rear reflection characteristic of cube corner catoptron, and principle and simple in structure is convenient to processing, is easy to debug.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of another embodiment of a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of rotational translation device of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of pendulum mirror of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the disclosed a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Wherein, the preposition collimator objective of 1-, 2-beam splitter, 3-rotation platform, the 4-first cube corner catoptron, the 5-second cube corner catoptron, the rearmounted image-forming objective lens of 6-, 7-detector, 8-control and processing module, 9-stationary installation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing embodiment that develops simultaneously, describe the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer; As shown in Figure 1, comprise preposition collimator objective 1, cube corner catoptron, beam splitter 2, rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6, detector 7 and control and processing module 8, wherein; Preposition collimator objective 1 is placed on the place ahead of target; Convert the radiation laser beam of target to parallel beam, beam splitter 2 is placed in the light path at preposition collimator objective 1 rear, and former and later two reflectings surface of beam splitter 2 become 45 with parallel beam; In the present embodiment, can adopt rotation platform 3 that beam splitter 2 is fixed thereon, beam splitter 2 rotates in the face parallel with parallel beam around its symcenter under rotation platform 3 drives.
The cube corner catoptron has two; Be defined as the first cube corner catoptron 4 and the second cube corner catoptron 5 respectively; Wherein, The first cube corner catoptron 4 is placed in the reflected light path of beam splitter 2, and the diagonal line of the first cube corner catoptron 4 passes the symcenter of beam splitter 2, and with 2 one-tenth 45s of beam splitter; The second cube corner catoptron 5 is arranged in the transmitted light path of beam splitter 2, and the second cube corner catoptron 5 and the first cube corner catoptron 4 distribute with respect to beam splitter 2 axisymmetricly.
Rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6 is a Fourier transform lens, is placed in the light path with the beam splitter 2 of the relative side of the first cube catoptron, is used for the two-way light beam from beam splitter 2 transmissions and refraction is carried out interference imaging.
Said control links to each other with detector 7 with processing module 8, and the SF of control detector 7 receives the image planes interferogram to detector 7 then and stores and data processing, thereby obtains the spectroscopic data cube of target.
In the such scheme, the present invention carries out optical path scanning through rotation beam splitter 2, accomplishes the interference spectrum imaging; According to relative motion principle; Fixedly beam splitter 2 angles are constant, as shown in Figure 2, adopt stationary installation 9 to be fixed together two cube corner catoptrons in the device; Form the cube corner reflector group; And the cube corner reflector group is fixed on the rotation platform 3,, in the parallel surface of symcenter at parallel beam of beam splitter 2, rotates rotation platform 3 under driving, reach the purpose of optical path scanning with this.
The present invention can adopt dual mode to realize to the scanning on object plane: as shown in Figure 3, and the one, carry the overall optical spectrometer through the rotational translation device, drive spectrometer and rotate, change the scanning window of preposition collimator objective 1, accomplish scanning motion to target; As shown in Figure 4, the 2nd, through add the pendulum mirror at the optical system front end,, accomplish scanning motion to target through the rotation change optical system entrance pupil visual field of pendulum mirror.
The principle of work of a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention is:
Converted to the parallel beam of field angle from the radiation laser beam of target by preposition collimator objective 1, project on the beam splitter 2, beam splitter 2 is divided into same or analogous folded light beam of intensity and transmitted light beam with the parallel beam behind the collimation.The folded light beam of being told by beam splitter 2 arrives the first cube corner catoptron 4; The first cube corner catoptron 4 is its incident light edge direction reflected back into beam splitter 2 parallel with incident light; The light of reflected back into beam splitter 2 is divided into folded light beam and transmitted light beam once more; Its transmitted light beam sees through beam splitter 2 and arrives rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6, and the detector 7 that is positioned on the focal plane of rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6 receives.
The transmitted light beam of being told by beam splitter 2 arrives the second cube corner catoptron 5; The second cube corner catoptron 5 is its incident light edge direction reflected back into beam splitter 2 parallel with incident light; The light of reflected back into beam splitter 2 is divided into folded light beam and transmitted light beam once more; Its folded light beam sees through beam splitter 2 and arrives rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6, and the detector 7 that is positioned on the focal plane of rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6 receives.
The folded light beam that beam splitter 2 is told for the first time through the first cube corner catoptron 4, returns beam splitter 2, converges to the light path that detector 7 forms the first bundle light through rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6; The transmitted light beam that beam splitter 2 is told for the first time through upright second party corner reflector, returns beam splitter 2, converges to the light path that detector 7 forms the second bundle light through rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6; This two-beam is obtained its incident light lateral shear by beam splitter 2, is two bundle coherent lights, on detector 7, produces the picture of the collection of illustrative plates unification of superposition fringes.
In beam splitter 2 rotary courses; Then the optical path difference of the first bundle light and the second bundle light is along with variation; Then the phasic difference of two-beam changes thereupon, and then the interference illustration of two-beam also changes, if detector 7 with the frequency sampling of rotation platform 3 rotating speeds couplings; Can on detector 7, obtain the picture of a series of collection of illustrative plates unification, form the interference image cube.8 pairs of interference image cube reorganization of control and processing module, and carry out Fourier transform, obtain the spectroscopic data cube of target.
The SF of detector 7 and the matching relationship of rotation platform 3 rotating speeds are described below: after beam splitter 2 begins rotation, be to scan zero point from optical path difference, in beam splitter 2 rotary courses; Optical path difference changes continuously; Then, interference fringe moves on the image planes interferogram accordingly, when rotation platform 3 rotational speed omega are constant; The translational speed of picture point changes, and the coupling of rotation platform 3 speed and detector 7 SFs is very important.
Can know that through calculating any picture point is y=f ' sin (α)=f ' sin (ω t) apart from the distance of zero optical path difference picture point, t is that rotation platform 3 turns over the required time of α angle in the formula; The velocity of displacement v of picture point
iBe distance y time t is differentiated, then v
i=2 ω f ' cos (2 ω t); F ' is the focal length of rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6, can detect all interference fringes in order to make detector 7, requires detector 7 once sampling; Picture point moves at most detector cells on detector 7, therefore by the sample matching condition V of frame frequencies of phase shift and detector 7
iThe relation that t≤qst obtains between the velocity of rotation ω of detector 7 SF q and rotation platform 3 satisfies
Wherein, q is the SF of detector 7, and s is the size of detector 7 pixels, and α is the angle that beam splitter 2 turns over, and can come out through apparatus measures.According to relative motion principle; No matter rotation platform 3 carries beam splitter 2 is rotated still two cube corner catoptrons rotations, and the matching relationship of the SF of detector 7 and rotation platform 3 rotating speeds all satisfies
As shown in Figure 5; Be one embodiment of the present of invention; Preposition collimator objective 1 comprises preposition telescope 1 (a) and reflective collimating mirror; Wherein preposition telescope 1 (a) adopts single off-axis parabolic mirror; Focal length is 150mm, and effective aperture
from 30mm, has good image quality near axis area from wheelbase; Reflective collimating mirror 1 (b) adopt equally one with the identical off-axis parabolic mirror of preposition telescope 1 (a), its focus in object space overlaps with the image planes position of preposition telescope 1 (a); Incident light becomes parallel beam after by collimation and projects the central area of beam splitter 2 at a certain angle.Beam splitter 2 uses the ZnSe that has compensating plate dull and stereotyped, thick 6mm, body bore 220mm; The summit of the first cube corner catoptron 4 and the second cube corner catoptron 5 becomes rotational symmetry with the position that beam splitter 2 and main shaft are miter angle, and the distance of they and beam splitter 2 is 200mm, and their bore is 200mm, surface gold-plating; A parabolic reflector from the axle design is adopted in imaging; Focal length is 40mm, and effective aperture 50 * 50mm leaves 30mm from wheelbase.For focus planardetector 7, the 1-5 mu m waveband adopts refrigeration mode PtSi-CCD array (512 * 512 pixel); At thermal infrared 8～12 mu m wavebands, adopt refrigeration mode HgCdTe focal plane device or non-refrigeration type infrared focal plane device (512 * 512 pixel).Image pick-up card is the ordinary video image pick-up card of quantified precision 8bit, is connected with computing machine through pci bus.Signal processing system adopts the visual programming technology, accomplishes functions such as IMAQ, noise processed, FFT conversion, data storage.The single pixel dimension of PtSi-CCD array is 30 μ m, and the striped in each cycle accounts for two pixels on detector 7, and then the maximum optical path difference on the focus planardetector 7 is:
Its wavenumber resolution is:
In sum, more than being merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention.All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer is characterized in that, comprises preposition collimator objective (1), cube corner catoptron, beam splitter (2), rearmounted image-forming objective lens (6), detector (7) and control and processing module (8), wherein,
Said preposition collimator objective (1) is placed on the place ahead of target, converts the radiation laser beam of target to parallel beam, and beam splitter (2) is placed in the light path at preposition collimator objective (1) rear, and beam splitter (2) becomes 45 with parallel beam;
Said cube corner catoptron has two; Be defined as the first cube corner catoptron (4) and the second cube corner catoptron (5) respectively; Wherein, The first cube corner catoptron (4) is placed in the reflected light path of beam splitter (2), the symcenter that the diagonal line of the first cube corner catoptron (4) passes beam splitter (2), and become 45 with beam splitter (2); The second cube corner catoptron (5) is arranged in the transmitted light path of beam splitter (2), and the second cube corner catoptron (5) and the first cube corner catoptron (4) are symmetrical distribution with respect to beam splitter (2); The first cube corner catoptron (4) and the second cube corner catoptron (5) are formed the cube corner reflector group;
Said beam splitter (2) relatively rotates as central point with the symcenter of cube corner reflector group with beam splitter (2), is used for changing the optical path difference from the two-way light beam of beam splitter (2) transmission and refraction;
Said rearmounted image-forming objective lens (6) is a Fourier transform lens, is placed in the light path with the beam splitter (2) of the relative side of the first cube catoptron, is used for the two-way light beam from beam splitter (2) transmission and refraction is carried out interference imaging;
Said detector (7) is placed on the focal plane of rearmounted image-forming objective lens (6), is used to be received in the image planes interferogram that forms on this focal plane;
Said control links to each other with detector (7) with processing module (8); The SF of one side control detector (7); The SF q relation of detector (7) is satisfied:
wherein ω is the speed that relatively rotates of beam splitter (2) and cube corner reflector group; S is the size of detector (7) pixel; F ' is the focal length of rearmounted image-forming objective lens (6), and α is the angle that turns over relatively between beam splitter (2) and the cube corner reflector group; Control is stored and data processing the image planes interferogram that detector (7) receives with processing module (8) on the other hand, thereby obtains the spectroscopic data cube of target.
2. a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the rotational translation device, is used for driving whole inteference imaging spectrometer rotation, changes the scanning window of imaging device thus.
3. a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Also comprise and be placed on the preceding pendulum mirror of preposition collimator objective (1); The pendulum mirror arrives the target emanation beam reflection on the preposition collimator objective (1), and changes optical system entrance pupil visual field through the rotation of pendulum mirror, changes the scanning window of imaging device thus.
4. a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said preposition collimator objective (1) is made up of two off-axis parabolic mirrors; Be defined as first off-axis parabolic mirror and second off-axis parabolic mirror respectively, wherein the focus in object space of second off-axis parabolic mirror overlaps with the image planes position of first off-axis parabolic mirror; The first off axis paraboloid mirror reflecting surface with the beam reflection of target emanation to second off-axis parabolic mirror, through its collimation back reflection to beam splitter (2).
5. a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said rearmounted image-forming objective lens (6) adopts off axis paraboloid mirror emission mirror; Refract light and projection light to the back reflection face of beam splitter (2) carry out focal imaging, and imaging is reflexed on the detector (7).
6. a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Also comprise rotation platform (3), the control port of rotation platform (3) links to each other with processing module with control, the rotation of control and processing module control rotation platform (3); Said beam splitter (2) is installed on the rotation platform (3), and under the drive of rotation platform (3), beam splitter (2) rotates with respect to the cube corner reflector group around its symcenter.
7. a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Also comprise rotation platform (3), the control port of rotation platform (3) links to each other with processing module with control, the rotation of control and processing module control rotation platform (3); Said cube corner reflector group is installed on the rotation platform (3), and under the drive of rotation platform (3), the cube corner reflector group is rotated with respect to beam splitter (2) around the symcenter of beam splitter (2).
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