CN102759402B - Rotary Fourier transform interference imaging spectrometer - Google Patents
Rotary Fourier transform interference imaging spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102759402B CN102759402B CN201210254898.6A CN201210254898A CN102759402B CN 102759402 B CN102759402 B CN 102759402B CN 201210254898 A CN201210254898 A CN 201210254898A CN 102759402 B CN102759402 B CN 102759402B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rotary Fourier transform interference imaging spectrometer, which includes a front collimation objective, a cube corner reflector, a beamsplitter, a rear imaging objective, a detector and a control and processing module, aims to reduce the light energy loss of a target, and has the characteristics of high luminous flux and detection sensitivity. The traditional rectilinear motion scanning manner of a moving mirror is substituted by the rotary scanning manner of the beamsplitter or the cube corner reflector, so as to avoid series of technical difficulties brought by precise rectilinear scanning of the moving mirror; a lateral shear interferometer based on the Michelson interference principle is adopted, and the characteristic of common path is obtained, so that the interference effect cannot be influenced even if the beamsplitter slightly shakes during the rotation; a planemirror in the traditional Fourier transform imaging spectrometer is substituted by the cube corner reflector, so that the problem brought by the inclined planemirror is avoided; therefore, the stability, reliability and vibration and impact resistance of the instrument are improved, and the structure of the spectrometer is more compact.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to light spectrum image-forming field, be specifically related to a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of high flux high stability.
Background technology
Compare with traditional color dispersion-type imaging spectrometer, Fourier transform imaging spectrometer has the features such as high light flux, high spectral resolution, high s/n ratio.It has expanded spectral investigation field, be subject to the extensive concern of countries in the world, and be developed rapidly, in material evidence evaluation, agricultural production, resource exploration, environmental monitoring, prevent and reduce natural disasters, the field such as material discriminating, public safety is widely used.
Fourier transform spectrometer based on time-modulation has higher spectral resolution and sensitivity, but it is very high to the stability requirement of measuring table, for realizing high precision spectral image measurement, needs high stable structure and high-accuracy mechanical scanning mechanism.Time-modulation Fourier transform spectrometer is mostly based on Michelson interferometer, the outstanding of it is a little highly sensitive, rely on index glass to move and produce large optical path difference, and then realize the detection of high spectral resolution, but the inclination of index glass in scanning and traversingly make this system very responsive to the disturbance of mechanical vibration.Therefore, need additional servos to control index glass.This can make spectrometer system complicated, easy temperature influence, thus limited the range of application of spectrometer.Adopt tilting mirror to replace the accurate index glass mechanism of rectilinear motion or swing, there is higher system stability, detection sensitivity and speed of detection.
Time-modulation Fourier transform imaging spectrometer (the Imaging Fourier transform spectrometer.Proc.SPIE 1993 that the people such as Bennett proposed based on Michelson interferometer in 1993,1937:191-200), this scheme to plane index glass the stability requirement in scanning high, environment and temperature are very large on its impact.
The people such as Wadsworth have proposed tilting mirror interference spectrum technical scheme (Ultra high speed chemical imaging spectrometer.Proc SPIE, 1997,3082:148~154) in 1997.The optical path difference being produced by tilting mirror rotation in this scheme can be brought the non-linear of optical path difference due to the difference of different wave length refractive index, thus the selection of tilting mirror material has been proposed to very high requirement.
The people such as Griffiths proposed reflection type high-speed rotating mirror infrared interferometer principle (Ultra rapid scanning Fourier transform infrared spectrometry.Vibrational Spectroscopy in 1999,1999,19 (1): 165~176).It can only if obtain the interference illustration of line target or Area Objects, just must carry out point by point scanning to single pixel sampling, cannot directly obtain the picture of collection of illustrative plates unification.The real-time of this spectrometer system is poor, and resolution is low, and the luminous flux that enters system is little, and applicable working range is narrower.
(the method for designing of rotary mirror type high sensitivity interference spectrum imager ROSI that the people such as Chinese patent 102322956A and Yuan Yan propose, photon journal, 2007,36 (2): 279~281) be all the tilting mirror interference imaging spectral technology based on sagnac beam splitting structure.Adopt two kinds of spectrometers of this principle sagnac structure cannot be made to entity, the angle between beam splitter and two catoptrons has strict restriction, is difficult for debuging, and structure is not compact, less stable.
In sum, the straight line index glass of time-modulation type Fourier transform spectrometer scanning up to now and rotating mirror scanning principle respectively have feature, but the problems such as all pictures of poor, high to tilting mirror material requirements, the collection of illustrative plates that cannot directly the obtain unification of existence and stability respectively, and luminous flux are low, be difficult for debuging, structure is not compact.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer, can carry out to target the interference spectrum imaging of high light flux and high stability.
A kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention, comprises preposition collimator objective, cube corner catoptron, beam splitter, rearmounted image-forming objective lens, detector and control and processing module, wherein,
Described preposition collimator objective is placed on the place ahead of target, converts the radiation laser beam of target to parallel beam, and beam splitter is placed in the light path at preposition collimator objective rear, beam splitter and parallel beam angle at 45 °;
Described cube corner catoptron has two, be defined as respectively the first cube corner catoptron and the second cube corner catoptron, wherein, the first cube corner catoptron is placed in the reflected light path of beam splitter, the diagonal line of the first cube corner catoptron is through the symcenter of beam splitter, and with beam splitter angle at 45 °; The second cube corner catoptron is arranged in the transmitted light path of beam splitter, and the second cube corner catoptron and the first cube corner catoptron are symmetric with respect to beam splitter; The first cube corner catoptron and the second cube corner catoptron form cube corner catoptron group;
Described beam splitter and cube corner catoptron group are usingd the symcenter of beam splitter and are relatively rotated as central point, for changing from the optical path difference of the two-way light beam of beam splitter transmission and refraction;
Described rearmounted image-forming objective lens is Fourier transform lens, is placed in the light path with the beam splitter of the relative side of the first cube catoptron, for the two-way light beam from beam splitter transmission and refraction is carried out to interference imaging;
Described detector is placed on the focal plane of rearmounted image-forming objective lens, for being received in the image plane interference figure forming on this focal plane;
Described control is connected with detector with processing module, controls on the one hand the sample frequency of detector, and the sample frequency q relation of detector is met:
wherein ω is the speed that relatively rotates of beam splitter and cube corner catoptron group, and s is the size of detector pixel, the focal length that f ' is rearmounted image-forming objective lens, α be beam splitter with cube corner catoptron group between the relative angle turning over; Control is stored and data processing with the image plane interference figure that processing module receives detector on the other hand, thereby obtains the spectroscopic data cube of target;
A kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention also comprises rotational translation device, is used for driving whole inteference imaging spectrometer rotation, changes thus the scanning window of imaging device.
A kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention also comprises the pendulum mirror being placed on before preposition collimator objective, pendulum mirror by target emanation beam reflection to preposition collimator objective, and change optical system entrance pupil visual field by the rotation of pendulum mirror, change thus the scanning window of imaging device.
Described preposition collimator objective is comprised of two off-axis parabolic mirrors, be defined as respectively the first off-axis parabolic mirror and the second off-axis parabolic mirror, wherein the focus in object space of the second off-axis parabolic mirror overlaps with the image planes position of the first off-axis parabolic mirror; The first off axis paraboloid mirror reflecting surface to the second off-axis parabolic mirror, collimates back reflection to beam splitter through it by the beam reflection of target emanation.
Described rearmounted image-forming objective lens adopts off axis paraboloid mirror transmitting mirror, the refract light of the back reflection face of beam splitter and projection light is carried out to focal imaging, and imaging is reflexed on detector.
A kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention also comprises rotation platform, and the control port of rotation platform is connected with processing module with control, controls the rotation of controlling rotation platform with processing module; Described beam splitter is arranged on rotation platform, and under the drive of rotation platform, beam splitter rotates with respect to cube corner catoptron group around its symcenter.
A kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention also comprises rotation platform, and the control port of rotation platform is connected with processing module with control, controls the rotation of controlling rotation platform with processing module; Described cube corner catoptron group is arranged on rotation platform, and under the drive of rotation platform, cube corner catoptron group is rotated with respect to beam splitter around the symcenter of beam splitter.
A kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1) the slit interference imaging means that the present invention adopts with respect to prior art, allow arbitrary shape and big or small clear aperature, can reduce target light loss of energy, therefore have the feature of high light flux and high detection sensitivity;
2) the present invention replaces traditional movable reflector straight-line motion scan mode in beam splitter rotary scanning mode, has avoided a series of technical difficulty of being brought by precise direct line sweep index glass; The lateral shearing interferometer of employing based on Michelson Interference Principle, has the characteristic of common light path, even if beam splitter has small rocking in rotary course, also can not affect interference effect; With cube corner catoptron, replace the level crossing in conventional Fourier transform imaging spectrometer, avoided the problem of bringing because of mirror tilt.These have all improved the ability of stability, reliability and anti-vibrations impact of instrument, and make the more compact structure of this invention.
3) apparatus of the present invention can be rotated and be obtained very large horizontal shear capacity by beam splitter, improve to a certain extent spectral resolution, and greatly reduce instrument volume under the condition that guarantees larger optical path difference.
4) the present invention is equivalent in common imaging optical system, increase the lateral shearing interferometer by rotation beam splitter change optical path difference, and has utilized the rear reflection characteristic of cube corner catoptron, and principle and simple in structure, is convenient to processing, is easy to debug.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of another embodiment of a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of rotational translation device of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of pendulum mirror of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the disclosed a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Wherein, the preposition collimator objective of 1-, 2-beam splitter, 3-rotation platform, 4-the first cube corner catoptron, 5-the second cube corner catoptron, the rearmounted image-forming objective lens of 6-, 7-detector, 8-controls and processing module, 9-stationary installation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing embodiment that develops simultaneously, describe the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer, as shown in Figure 1, comprise preposition collimator objective 1, cube corner catoptron, beam splitter 2, rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6, detector 7 and control and processing module 8, wherein, preposition collimator objective 1 is placed on the place ahead of target, convert the radiation laser beam of target to parallel beam, beam splitter 2 is placed in the light path at preposition collimator objective 1 rear, former and later two reflectings surface of beam splitter 2 and parallel beam angle at 45 °; In the present embodiment, can adopt rotation platform 3 that beam splitter 2 is fixed thereon, beam splitter 2 rotates in the face parallel with parallel beam around its symcenter under rotation platform 3 drives.
Cube corner catoptron has two, be defined as respectively the first cube corner catoptron 4 and the second cube corner catoptron 5, wherein, the first cube corner catoptron 4 is placed in the reflected light path of beam splitter 2, the diagonal line of the first cube corner catoptron 4 is through the symcenter of beam splitter 2, and with beam splitter 2 angle at 45 °; The second cube corner catoptron 5 is arranged in the transmitted light path of beam splitter 2, and the second cube corner catoptron 5 and the first cube corner catoptron 4 distribute axisymmetricly with respect to beam splitter 2.
Rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6 is Fourier transform lens, is placed in the light path with the beam splitter 2 of the relative side of the first cube catoptron, for carrying out interference imaging from the two-way light beam of beam splitter 2 transmissions and refraction.
Detector 7 is placed on the focal plane of rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6, for being received in the image plane interference figure forming on this focal plane;
Described control is connected with detector 7 with processing module 8, and then the sample frequency of control detector 7 receives image plane interference figure to detector 7 and store and data processing, thereby obtains the spectroscopic data cube of target.
In such scheme, the present invention carries out optical path scanning by rotation beam splitter 2, complete interference spectrum imaging, according to relative motion principle, fixedly beam splitter 2 angles are constant, as shown in Figure 2, adopt stationary installation 9 to be fixed together two cube corner catoptrons in device, form cube corner catoptron group, and cube corner catoptron group is fixed on rotation platform 3, under rotation platform 3 drives, around the symcenter of beam splitter 2, in the parallel surface at parallel beam, rotate, with this, reach the object of optical path scanning.
The present invention can adopt in two ways and realize the scanning of object plane: as shown in Figure 3, the one, by rotational translation device, carry whole spectrometer, drive spectrometer to rotate, change the scanning window of preposition collimator objective 1, complete the scanning motion to target; As shown in Figure 4, the 2nd, by adding pendulum mirror at optical system front end, the rotation change optical system entrance pupil visual field by pendulum mirror, completes the scanning motion to target.
The principle of work of a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer of the present invention is:
Radiation laser beam from target is converted to the parallel beam of field angle by preposition collimator objective 1, project on beam splitter 2, and beam splitter 2 is divided into the same or analogous folded light beam of intensity and transmitted light beam by the parallel beam after collimation.The folded light beam being separated by beam splitter 2 arrives the first cube corner catoptron 4, the first cube corner catoptron 4 is its incident light edge direction reflected back into beam splitter 2 parallel with incident light, the light of reflected back into beam splitter 2 is divided into folded light beam and transmitted light beam again, its transmitted light beam sees through beam splitter 2 and arrives rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6, and the detector 7 being positioned on the focal plane of rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6 receives.
The transmitted light beam being separated by beam splitter 2 arrives the second cube corner catoptron 5, the second cube corner catoptron 5 is its incident light edge direction reflected back into beam splitter 2 parallel with incident light, the light of reflected back into beam splitter 2 is divided into folded light beam and transmitted light beam again, its folded light beam sees through beam splitter 2 and arrives rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6, and the detector 7 being positioned on the focal plane of rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6 receives.
The folded light beam that beam splitter 2 separates for the first time, through the first cube corner catoptron 4, returns beam splitter 2, by rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6, converges to the light path that detector 7 forms light beam; The transmitted light beam that beam splitter 2 separates for the first time, through vertical second party corner reflector, returns beam splitter 2, by rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6, converges to the light path that detector 7 forms the second bundle light; This two-beam is obtained its incident light lateral shear by beam splitter 2, is two bundle coherent lights, produces the picture of the collection of illustrative plates unification of superposition fringes on detector 7.
In beam splitter 2 rotary courses, the optical path difference of light beam and the second bundle light is along with variation, the phasic difference of two-beam changes thereupon, the interference illustration of two-beam also changes, as long as the frequency sampling of detector 7 to mate with rotation platform 3 rotating speeds, the picture that can obtain a series of collection of illustrative plates unification on detector 7, forms interference image cube.Control and 8 pairs of interference image cube restructuring of processing module, and carry out Fourier transform, obtain the spectroscopic data cube of target.
The following describes the sample frequency of detector 7 and the matching relationship of rotation platform 3 rotating speeds: when beam splitter 2 starts after rotation, from optical path difference, be to scan zero point, in beam splitter 2 rotary courses, optical path difference changes continuously,, interference fringe moves accordingly on image plane interference figure, when rotation platform 3 rotational speed omega are when constant, the translational speed of picture point changes, and rotation platform 3 speed are very important with mating of detector 7 sample frequency.
Known by calculating, any one picture point is y=f ' sin (α)=f ' sin (ω t) apart from the distance of zero optical path difference picture point, and in formula, t is that rotation platform 3 turns over the required time of α angle; The velocity of displacement v of picture point
ibe distance y time t is differentiated, v
i=2 ω f ' cos (2 ω t), f ' is the focal length of rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6, in order to make detector 7 can detect all interference fringes, requires detector 7 once sampling, picture point is at most mobile detector cells on detector 7, therefore by the sample matching condition V of frame frequencies of phase shift and detector 7
ithe relation that t≤qst obtains between detector 7 sample frequency q and the velocity of rotation ω of rotation platform 3 meets
wherein, q is the sample frequency of detector 7, and s is the size of detector 7 pixels, and α is the angle that beam splitter 2 turns over, can be by apparatus measures out.According to relative motion principle, no matter rotation platform 3 carrying beam splitters 2 rotate or two cube corner catoptrons rotations, and the matching relationship of the sample frequency of detector 7 and rotation platform 3 rotating speeds all meets
As shown in Figure 5, be one embodiment of the present of invention, preposition collimator objective 1 comprises preposition telescope 1 (a) and reflective collimating mirror, and wherein preposition telescope 1 (a) adopts single off-axis parabolic mirror, and focal length is 150mm, effective aperture
off-axis distance 30mm, has good image quality near axis area; Reflective collimating mirror 1 (b) adopts an off-axis parabolic mirror identical with preposition telescope 1 (a) equally, and its focus in object space overlaps with the image planes position of preposition telescope 1 (a); After incident light is collimated, become parallel beam and also project at a certain angle the central area of beam splitter 2.Beam splitter 2 uses with the ZnSe of compensating plate dull and stereotyped, thick 6mm, body bore 220mm; The position that the summit of the first cube corner catoptron 4 and the second cube corner catoptron 5 is miter angle with beam splitter 2 and main shaft becomes rotational symmetry, and the distance of they and beam splitter 2 is 200mm, and their bore is 200mm, surface gold-plating; Imaging adopts one from the parabolic reflector of axle design; Focal length is 40mm, effective aperture 50 * 50mm, off-axis distance 30mm.For focus planardetector 7,1-5 mu m waveband, adopts refrigeration mode PtSi-CCD array (512 * 512 pixel); At thermal infrared 8~12 mu m wavebands, adopt refrigeration mode HgCdTe focal plane device or non-refrigeration type infrared focal plane device (512 * 512 pixel).Image pick-up card is the ordinary video image pick-up card of quantified precision 8bit, by pci bus, is connected with computing machine.Signal processing system adopts visual programming technology, completes the functions such as image acquisition, noise processed, FFT conversion, data storage.The single pixel dimension of PtSi-CCD array is 30 μ m, and the striped in each cycle accounts for two pixels on detector 7, and the maximum optical path difference on focus planardetector 7 is:
Its wavenumber resolution is:
In sum, these are only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer, is characterized in that, comprises preposition collimator objective (1), cube corner catoptron, beam splitter (2), rearmounted image-forming objective lens (6), detector (7) and control and processing module (8), wherein,
Described preposition collimator objective (1) is placed on the place ahead of target, converts the radiation laser beam of target to parallel beam, and beam splitter (2) is placed in the light path at preposition collimator objective (1) rear, beam splitter (2) and parallel beam angle at 45 °;
Described cube corner catoptron has two, be defined as respectively the first cube corner catoptron (4) and the second cube corner catoptron (5), wherein, the first cube corner catoptron (4) is placed in the reflected light path of beam splitter (2), the diagonal line of the first cube corner catoptron (4) is through the symcenter of beam splitter (2), and with beam splitter (2) angle at 45 °; The second cube corner catoptron (5) is arranged in the transmitted light path of beam splitter (2), and the second cube corner catoptron (5) and the first cube corner catoptron (4) are symmetric with respect to beam splitter (2); The first cube corner catoptron (4) and the second cube corner catoptron (5) form cube corner catoptron group;
Described beam splitter (2) and cube corner catoptron group are usingd the symcenter of beam splitter (2) and are relatively rotated as central point, for changing from the optical path difference of the two-way light beam of beam splitter (2) transmission and refraction;
Described rearmounted image-forming objective lens (6) is Fourier transform lens, is placed in the light path with the beam splitter (2) of the relative side of the first cube catoptron, for carrying out interference imaging from the two-way light beam of beam splitter (2) transmission and refraction;
Described detector (7) is placed on the focal plane of rearmounted image-forming objective lens (6), for being received in the image plane interference figure forming on this focal plane;
Described control is connected with detector (7) with processing module (8), controls on the one hand the sample frequency of detector (7), and the sample frequency q relation of detector (7) is met:
wherein ω is beam splitter (2) and the speed that relatively rotates of cube corner catoptron group, and s is the size of detector (7) pixel, and f ' is the focal length of rearmounted image-forming objective lens (6), α be beam splitter (2) with cube corner catoptron group between the relative angle turning over; Control is stored and data processing with the image plane interference figure that processing module (8) receives detector (7) on the other hand, thereby obtains the spectroscopic data cube of target.
2. a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises rotational translation device, is used for driving whole inteference imaging spectrometer rotation, changes thus the scanning window of imaging device.
3. a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise and be placed on the front pendulum mirror of preposition collimator objective (1), pendulum mirror arrives target emanation beam reflection on preposition collimator objective (1), and change optical system entrance pupil visual field by the rotation of pendulum mirror, change thus the scanning window of imaging device.
4. a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described preposition collimator objective (1) is comprised of two off-axis parabolic mirrors, be defined as respectively the first off-axis parabolic mirror and the second off-axis parabolic mirror, wherein the focus in object space of the second off-axis parabolic mirror overlaps with the image planes position of the first off-axis parabolic mirror; The first off axis paraboloid mirror reflecting surface to the second off-axis parabolic mirror, collimates back reflection to beam splitter (2) through it by the beam reflection of target emanation.
5. a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described rearmounted image-forming objective lens (6) adopts off axis paraboloid mirror transmitting mirror, the refract light of the back reflection face of beam splitter (2) and projection light are carried out to focal imaging, and imaging is reflexed on detector (7).
6. a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise rotation platform (3), the control port of rotation platform (3) is connected with processing module with control, controls the rotation of controlling rotation platform (3) with processing module; It is upper that described beam splitter (2) is arranged on rotation platform (3), and under the drive of rotation platform (3), beam splitter (2) rotates with respect to cube corner catoptron group around its symcenter.
7. a kind of rotary Fourier transform inteference imaging spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise rotation platform (3), the control port of rotation platform (3) is connected with processing module with control, controls the rotation of controlling rotation platform (3) with processing module; It is upper that described cube corner catoptron group is arranged on rotation platform (3), and under the drive of rotation platform (3), cube corner catoptron group is rotated with respect to beam splitter (2) around the symcenter of beam splitter (2).
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