CN112805070A - 具有复合系统的防火装置、复合系统和具有防火装置的电池组 - Google Patents
具有复合系统的防火装置、复合系统和具有防火装置的电池组 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112805070A CN112805070A CN201980062272.5A CN201980062272A CN112805070A CN 112805070 A CN112805070 A CN 112805070A CN 201980062272 A CN201980062272 A CN 201980062272A CN 112805070 A CN112805070 A CN 112805070A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- fire
- layer
- fire protection
- protection device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
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- A62C2/065—Physical fire-barriers having as the main closure device materials, whose characteristics undergo an irreversible change under high temperatures, e.g. intumescent
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Abstract
具有复合系统的防火装置、复合系统和带有防火装置的电池组。本申请描述了一种防火装置,包括(a)复合系统,包括(al)载体层,(a2)粘合层和(a3)防火层,所述防火层包含至少一种起消融作用的化合物,和(b)复合系统布置在其内部的壳体。所述防火装置可特别用于电池组中,以避免电池组内过热和/或防止电池组内着火。
Description
本申请涉及一种包括复合系统和任选的壳体的防火装置及其用途。本申请进一步涉及一种复合系统和包括所述防火装置的电池组。
当前,汽车工业中存在一种趋势,即用电动机或电动机与内燃机的组合代替内燃机,从而通过减少(混合动力车辆)或完全杜绝(电动车辆)车辆排放物来降低对环境的影响。但是,这种动力总成技术的转变并非没有技术障碍,因为电动机的使用需要具有能量密度高、寿命长和多种运行条件的低成本可充电电池(蓄电池)。另外,至关重要的是,在车辆的使用或存放期间,车辆的电池不能造成不合理的健康危害。
可充电电池(例如锂离子电池)比原电池更容易发生热失控。当内部反应速率增加到产生的热量多于可除去的热量的程度时,就会发生热失控,从而导致反应速率和热量的产生进一步增加。最终,产生的热量足够大,以致导致电池单元的损坏(例如,由于过压(破裂)或气体排放)。此外,可能会发生火灾。
例如,电池单元内部的短路,电池使用不当,制造缺陷或极端的外部温度都可能导致热失控。在用于电动车辆的电池组包含多个电池单元的情况下,车祸可能是导致电池组内的多个电池单元同时发生热失控的原因。
在热失控期间,大量热能迅速释放,从而将整个电池单元加热到850℃或更高的温度。热失控电池单元的温度升高也使电池组内相邻电池单元的温度升高。如果相邻电池单元的温度不受阻碍地升高,它们也可能变得热失控。这种级联效应可能意味着,当单个电池单元遭受热失控时,整个电池组中的所有电池单元最终都会遭受热失控。
有几种方法可以降低热失控的风险,或降低热失控传播的风险。
电池组具有用于保护电池单元的外壳,并包含用于用空气调节和控制电池单元的装置。通过使用专门设计的外壳,可以减少在存储和/或搬运过程中发生短路的风险。
US 2005/01700238 A1公开了一种由玻璃纤维增强塑料制成的电池的外壳。
US 2012/0225331 A1公开了一种电池组,其中涂覆有聚合物的玻璃纤维材料保护层布置在稳定材料的外壳内。如果电池发生故障,该结构会保留产生的气体。所述外壳会吸收产生的力。
从US 2011/0192564 A中已知一种复合系统,其用于保护电池。在图1中示出了所述复合系统,根据所述复合系统,上层(108)是粘合层,通过该粘合层,所述复合系统被粘合到电能存储装置,例如电池。该粘合层之后是泡沫层(102),该泡沫层连接到外层(110)。根据US 2011/0192564 A,外层可以是玻璃纤维非织造物。在这种布置中,起消融作用的化合物任选地存在于泡沫层(102)中。从US 2016/0192564 A中已知的这种结构的缺点在于,如果发生热效应,起消融作用的化合物只能在复合系统内起作用,从而限制了其功能性。消融化合物直接作用在电池上受到防火层和电池之间的粘合层的限制。
从US 2011/064997A中已知一种电池,该电池设置在外壳中。所述外壳一方面由离聚物层形成,该离聚物层与电化学电池单元直接接触。再往外(即,在离聚物层的与电化学电池单元相反的一侧上),提供了玻璃纤维非织造物。在US 2011/064997 A教导的上下文中,离聚物层可包括膨胀组分,例如石墨。因此,在US 2011/064997 A的教导中使用的玻璃纤维非织造物用作支撑层,并且没有直接应用到电化学电池单元(电池)的外壳上。由现有技术已知的这种复合系统的缺点在于,用作载体材料的玻璃纤维非织造物没有足够的刚度,因此复合系统的尺寸稳定的压印是不可能的。另外,具有膨胀型化合物的离聚物层的生产复杂,并且成本高昂。
WO 2014/018107 A涉及一种作为防火层的层压体,用于隔热和隔音。在一个具体的实施方案中,在聚醚醚酮膜的一侧上提供基布并热封,并且在聚醚醚酮膜的另一侧上提供有机硅粘合剂层,玻璃纤维层和防火层。生产这种六元层压体昂贵,因为特别是首先要将玻璃纤维织物施加到有机硅粘合剂上,然后在单独的工艺步骤中施加防火层。另外,复合材料不适合塑性变形,因为上述各层均没有足够的刚度。
JP H07300912 A公开了图2所示的复合系统。据此,将粘合剂层施加到表示为载体层2并由玻璃纤维织物层形成的下层上。该粘合剂层用附图标记6标记。随后,在该粘合剂层上布置减热层10。该减热层10可以包含消融剂。随后,布置不可燃层4。因此,所得到的复合体包括作为基底材料的玻璃纤维织物,其通常没有足够的刚度来实现塑性变形能力。另外,生产复杂,并且成本密集。
US 5,735,098描述了包含起消融作用的化合物和玻璃纤维的防火组合物。然而,该现有技术的防火组合物既不包含玻璃纤维非织造物,也不包含具有足够刚度以使可能形成的复合体发生塑性变形的载体材料。
然而,仍然需要提供一些措施,以减少或消除由于电池组中的一个或多个电池单元的热失控而产生的热量和/或着火,以防止热量和/或火扩散到包括这些电池单元的装置的其他部件。优选地,这些措施还旨在防止或至少限制外部火势蔓延到电池组。
此外,根据本发明已经发现,电池的热失控至少部分地与电池的爆裂有关,由此燃烧的金属颗粒可以脱离并穿透布置在电池周围的防火装置。因此,对本发明的防火装置的进一步要求是基于这样的事实,即它们对由电池爆裂可能产生的燃烧的金属颗粒是稳定的。
通过包括以下的防火装置来解决这些任务:
(a)复合系统,包括
(a1)载体层,
(a2)粘合层,和
(a3)包含至少一种消融化合物的防火层,
和
(b)任选地,其中布置有复合系统的壳体。
一方面,这样的防火装置可以设计成垫子或板,例如可以作为防热和/或防火结构安装在用于车辆的电池组的外壳盖下,以便一方面用来保护电池单元免受外部温度和/或着火的影响,另一方面用来在电池单元热失控的情况下防止热量和/或火势蔓延到车辆的其他部件和/或乘客座舱。
在一个优选的实施方案中,特别地提供了具有防火层的复合系统,其朝向电池布置,所述防火层包含所述至少一种消融化合物。
在另一优选的实施方案中,特别地提供了具有包含至少一种起消融作用的化合物的防火层的复合系统布置成与电池直接接触。在本发明的上下文中,“与电池直接接触”的特征应理解为是指在电池(的外侧)与根据本发明的复合系统之间不设置该复合系统的另外的层,电池外壳和防火层之间的接触不是强制性的。
如果在本发明的上下文中提供了在电池外壳上直接布置防火层,则避免了包含在该防火层中的起消融作用的化合物的功能伴随着着火时使用的复合系统的爆裂。因此,如果包含所述消融化合物的层(即,防火层)直接与由电池外壳制成的材料接触,则对于本发明是有利的。
或者,防火装置可以设计为运输容器,并例如用作锂离子电池的运输袋。在该实施方案中,防火装置优选地具有开口,例如,诸如拉链或维可牢尼龙搭扣紧固件的正闭合装置,可以通过其将电池组插入和取出。
如果将根据本发明的防火装置设计为运输容器,则优选地是,防火装置具有塑性变形能力。为此,特别推荐一种特殊的载体材料,其描述如下。
防火装置包括复合系统,并且如果需要,还包括复合系统布置在其中的壳体。
复合系统至少具有三层:
(a1)载体层,
(a2)粘合层,和
(a3)防火层。
各个层在下面将进行更详细的描述:
载体层
通常也被设计成绝缘层的复合系统的载体层可以是刚性的或柔性的。
载体层包括例如由AES玻璃、E玻璃、ECR玻璃、二氧化硅玻璃、S玻璃、R玻璃、M玻璃、C玻璃、D玻璃、AR玻璃、T玻璃和/或Q玻璃制成的玻璃纤维非编织物或玻璃纤维织物。在这方面,优选二氧化硅玻璃。特别是,优选二氧化硅纤维针垫。
优选地,载体层包含硅酸盐纤维针垫,其硅酸盐纤维的纤维厚度为5至20μm,优选为6至12μm。此外,优选使用密度为120至180kg/m3,优选为150kg/m3范围内的硅酸盐纤维针垫,该硅酸盐纤维针垫还优选具有500至2000g/m2,优选为600-1500g/m2,更进一步优选为700-1300g/m2的标称基重,以及2至15mm,进一步优选为3至12mm,更进一步优选为4至8mm的标称厚度。已经表明,选择所建议的载体材料的结果是复合系统的尺寸稳定。优选地根据本发明提供的硅酸盐纤维垫还具有以下优点:所得的复合系统是可塑性变形的。
相应的硅酸盐纤维针垫可商购获得,并且通常借助于针技术来生产,并且优选地不添加粘合剂。硅酸盐纤维针垫优选仅由二氧化硅玻璃纤维形成,该二氧化硅玻璃纤维由至少94重量%的SiO2,进一步优选至少96重量%的SiO2制成,使得所得的硅酸盐纤维针垫具有足够的耐热性。相应的硅酸盐纤维针垫的特征在于其优异的绝缘性能以及良好的抗振性。它们具有非常好的耐化学性,高的物理性能和高的机械承载能力,这使得它们特别优选用作载体材料,因为根据本发明的复合系统优选是可塑性变形的。
载体层通过粘合层结合至防火层。
粘合层
粘合层可以包含例如热塑性聚合物膜、合成橡胶、水玻璃、聚氨酯或丙烯酸酯。根据成分和填充材料,可区分为热塑性粘合层、喷涂粘合层(合成橡胶)、丙烯酸酯粘合层或防火粘合层(水玻璃)。合适的热塑性聚合物包括,例如,丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚碳酸酯(PC),聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)。特别优选地,粘合层包括热塑性聚乙烯膜。
防火层
防火层优选包括涂覆有防火组合物的非织造或织造玻璃纤维织物,所述防火组合物包含至少一种起消融作用的化合物。
优选地,玻璃纤维非织造物或玻璃纤维织物包含由AES玻璃、E玻璃、ECR玻璃、二氧化硅玻璃、S玻璃、R玻璃、M玻璃、C玻璃、D玻璃、AR玻璃、T玻璃和/或Q玻璃制成的玻璃纤维。在此,优选E玻璃。
在本发明的上下文中,这些材料也适合形成载体层。因此,本发明还涉及一种复合系统,其中载体层和防火层包括基于上述玻璃的玻璃纤维非织造物或玻璃纤维织物。同样在该实施方案中,选择玻璃纤维非织造物或玻璃纤维织物,以提供能够塑性变形的所得复合系统。玻璃纤维毛状物或玻璃纤维织物的相应材料本身是技术人员已知的。
优选地,防火层包括玻璃纤维毛状物。玻璃纤维非织造物在许多设计和各种应用中是已知的。还已知由玻璃纤维和粘合剂(以及如果需要的话其他添加剂)来生产玻璃纤维非织造物的方法。添加剂可以改善成品玻璃纤维非织造物的某些性能,例如耐热性。
玻璃纤维非织造物的基重优选在40g/m2至60g/m2之间。
玻璃纤维网的玻璃纤维的长度优选在2mm至10mm的范围内,更优选在3至8mm的范围内,特别优选在4至7mm的范围内。
就玻璃纤维非织造物的粘合剂而言,其在本发明中具有相当大的范围。特别有利的粘合剂是脲醛树脂、改性聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、水玻璃,PU粘合剂和上述粘合剂的混合物。改性聚乙烯醇作为粘合剂是特别优选的。
玻璃纤维毛状物或玻璃纤维织物涂覆有防火组合物。防火组合物必须包含至少一种消融化合物。特别优选的是,非织造或织造玻璃纤维织物包含两种或更多种消融化合物。
由于玻璃纤维毛状物或玻璃纤维织物的孔隙率,防火组合物可以渗透到毛状物或织物中。取决于非织造物或织物的涂层或浸渍类型,可以得到由玻璃纤维非织造物/织物和涂层组合物组成的单层结构,或者其中非织造物/织物和防火组合物仍单独存在的两层结构。
消融化合物是当暴露于热时具有冷却作用的化合物。在此过程中,结合的水通过吸热过程释放,并产生冷却效果。为了实现这种消融冷却,所使用的消融化合物可以优选是陶瓷化、碳化、升华或可膨胀的化合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,使用至少一种陶瓷化的消融化合物。陶瓷化可阻止例如火焰穿透。
优选的起消融作用的化合物选自由LiNO3·3H2O、Na2CO3 H2O(水碱)、Na2CO3·7H2O、Na2CO3·10H2O(苏打)、Na2Ca(CO3)2·2H2O(钙水碱)、Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O(单斜纳钙石)、Na(HCO3)Na2CO3·2H2O(天然碱)、Na2S2O3·5H2O、Na2O3Si·5H2O、KF·2H2O、CaBr2·2H2O、CaBr2·6H2O、CaSO4·2H2O(石膏)、Ca(SO4)·1/2H2O(烧石膏)、Ba(OH)2·8H2O、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O、Ni(NO3)2·4H2O、Ni(NO3)2·2H2O、Zn(NO3)2·4H2O、Zn(NO3)2·6H2O、(ZnO)2(B2O3)2·3H2O、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O(US 5985013 A)、MgSO4·7H2O(EP1069172A2)、Mg(OH)2、Al(OH)3、Al(OH)3·3H2O、AlOOH(勃姆石)、Al2[SO4]3·nH2O(其中,n=14–18)、KAl(SO4)2·12H2O(EP1069172A2)、CaO·Al2O3·10H2O(碳氢镁石)、MgCO3·3H2O(水铝镁钙石)、Ca2Mg14(Al,Fe)4CO3(OH)42·29H2O(硅灰石膏)、Ca3Si(OH)6(SO4)(CO3)·12H2O(水纤菱镁石)、Ca6Al2[(OH)12|(SO4)3]·26H2O(钙矾石)、3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O(水菱镁石)、Mg5(OH)2(CO3)4·4H2O(水铝钙石)、Ca4Al2(OH)14·6H2O(水滑石)、Mg6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O(水碳铝钙石)、CaAl2(OH)4(CO3)2·3H2O(水碳铝石)、Al14(CO3)3(OH)36(水榴石)、3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O(碳钠铝石)、NaAl(OH)CO3、Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)、含水沸石、蛭石、硬硼钙石、珍珠岩、云母、碱金属硅酸盐、硼砂、改性碳、石墨、二氧化硅及其混合物组成的群组。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,消融化合物包括云母、蛭石和/或钙矾石,特别是云母,蛭石和/或合成的钙矾石。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,起消融作用的化合物包括钙矾石。在本发明的一个非常优选的实施方案中,所述起消融作用的化合物包括合成的钙矾石。
钙矾石(Ca6Al2[(OH)12|(SO4)3]26H2O)是一类极少见的具有外来阴离子的含水硫酸盐矿物类别的矿物。合成的钙矾石例如以水性悬浮液的形式提供。该水性悬浮液可进一步包含基于有机聚合物的粘合剂,例如丙烯酸酯。
在本发明的另一个优选的实施方案中,起消融作用的化合物包括Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)。
Al(OH)3在高于200℃的温度下会分解为氧化铝和水。水可冷却火源,并稀释所产生的气体。所得的氧化铝形成陶瓷保护层。
在一个优选的实施方案中,防火组合物包含两种或更多种起消融作用的化合物。进一步优选的是,阻燃剂组合物包含两种消融活性化合物。在这种情况下,特别优选消融化合物包括合成的钙矾石和Al(OH)3。
防火组合物中消融活性化合物的量优选为至少50重量%,更优选至少60重量%,甚至更优选至少70重量%,最优选至少75重量%,每种情况均基于防火组合物的总重量计。
为了改善防火组合物的应用性能和/或防火层的防火效果,防火组合物可以包含其他组分。
这些其他组分尤其可以包括消泡剂、溶剂、粘合剂、增稠剂和/或膨胀玻璃。
为了制备防火组合物,将组分在室温(25℃)下的溶解器中均质化。
将防火组合物施加到玻璃纤维毛状物或玻璃纤维织物的一侧表面上。例如,这可以通过刮刀或辊子来完成。然后,例如借助于在约190℃的温度下的干燥通道来干燥所涂覆的玻璃纤维非织造物或玻璃纤维织物。
防火层的基重优选在400g/m2至600g/m2之间。
在另一实施方案中,根据本发明的复合系统的载体层也可以由一个或多个上述的防火层构成。如果载体层由上述几个防火层构成,则这些防火层优选通过上述粘合层彼此粘结。
其他的可选层
在另一个实施方案中,根据本发明的复合系统包括涂覆的玻璃纤维非织造物或涂覆的玻璃纤维织物,优选上述的玻璃纤维非织造物或玻璃纤维织物,然而,其不必须提供防火层,但其以所使用的玻璃纤维材料在抗穿刺性方面有提高的方式设计。
作为相应的涂覆的玻璃纤维非织造物或涂覆的玻璃纤维织物的替代,根据本发明的复合系统也可以具有至少一个不锈钢箔,作为来自电池的燃烧金属颗粒的刺穿屏障。不锈钢箔的相应层厚度可以在0.02至0.40mm之间,更优选地在0.04至0.30mm之间,还更优选地在0.05至0.20mm之间。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,根据本发明的复合系统包括如上所述的涂覆的非织造或织造的玻璃纤维织物,以及如上所述的涂覆的不锈钢箔。
复合系统的一般说明
复合系统优选地位于壳体内部。所述壳体可以是单层或多层设计。特别是,所述壳体优选是不透液体的。所述壳体的厚度优选在100至200μm之间。
特别地,壳体优选具有多层结构,并且可以例如包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,铝和聚乙烯(PET/Al/PE)或聚乙烯和聚乙烯(PET/PE)的复合膜。也可以使用一般的塑料膜和自粘膜。
复合系统可以例如在真空下或不在真空下焊接到壳体中。在将复合系统焊接到壳体中之后,可以给复合系统提供一个或多个窗口和/或特定的外形。或者,在被焊接到壳体中之前,可以为复合系统提供一个或多个窗口和/或特定的外形。
复合系统是防火生产中重要的中间产品。
根据本发明的复合系统的结构
根据本发明的复合系统可包括选自以下的一层或多层:
a)一种或多种玻璃纤维网和/或玻璃纤维织物(具有增强涂层),任选地进行如上所述的涂覆;
b)一个或多个不锈钢箔;
c)一层或多层载体层;和
d)一层或多层防火层,
其中,各个层通常通过粘合层彼此粘结。
根据本发明的合适的复合系统具有例如以下结构:
第1层:带有玻璃纤维毛状物的防火层,其中防火层指向复合系统的外部;
第2层:不锈钢箔;
第3层:具有增强涂层的玻璃纤维织物或玻璃纤维毛状物;
第4层:载体层;
第5层:带有玻璃纤维毛状物的防火层,其中防火层指向复合系统的外部。
根据本发明的另一种合适的复合系统具有例如以下结构:
第1层:带有玻璃纤维毛状物的防火层;
第2层:带有玻璃纤维毛状物的防火层(与第1层相同或不同);
第3层:不锈钢箔;
第4层:具有增强涂层的玻璃纤维织物或玻璃纤维毛状物;
第5层:载体层;
第6层:带有玻璃纤维毛状物的防火层(与第1层和第2层相同或不同);和
第7层:带有玻璃纤维毛状物的防火层(与第1、2和7层相同或不同)。
因此,本申请的另一个主题是一种复合系统,包括:
(a1)载体层,
(a2)粘合层,和
(a3)包含至少一种消融化合物的防火层。
关于复合系统的优选实施方案,以下经适当修改可适用于防火装置。
特别是,防火装置可以是垫子或板的形式,并且可以是用于便携式装置(例如,智能手机或平板电脑)或电动车辆中的电池组的一部分。特别是,防火装置可以是包括在便携式装置或电动车辆中使用的至少一个可充电锂离子电池单元的电池组的一部分。
因此,本发明的另一个主题是一种电池组,包括:
(i)外壳,
(ii)至少一个可充电锂离子电池单元,
(iii)防火装置,包括:
(a)复合系统,包括:
(a1)载体层,
(a2)粘合层,和
(a3)包含至少一种消融化合物的防火层,和
(b)可选地,复合系统布置在其中的壳体。
在本发明的该电池组中,复合系统的防火层优选地布置在可充电锂离子电池单元的方向上。在可充电锂离子电池单元和复合系统的防火层之间,可以设置壳体的一侧(如果有的话)。
关于电池组的优选实施例,已经对防火装置进行了必要的变通。可充电锂电池单元特别包括可充电二氧化锂钴电池单元、可充电钛酸锂电池单元、可充电锂锰电池单元、可充电磷酸锂铁电池单元、可充电锂空气电池单元、可充电双碳电池单元和/或锂聚合物电池单元。通常,电池组具有多个串联连接的可充电锂电池单元。电池组可以包括其他部件。特别是,可以包括作为另一部件的电池管理系统(BMS)。电池管理系统优选地是用于监视、控制和保护可充电锂离子电池单元的电子电路。电池组通常设计为可替换式,并具有可拆卸的电触点。
关于使用的优选实施方案,所述的防火装置和电池组已作必要的变通而适用。
再次参考以下实施方案更详细地说明本发明:
1.复合系统,包括:
(1)载体层,
(2)粘合层,和
(3)包含至少一种消融化合物的防火层。
2.根据项目1的复合系统,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物选自由LiNO3·3H2O、Na2CO3 H2O(水碱)、Na2CO3·7H2O、Na2CO3·10H2O(苏打)、Na2Ca(CO3)2·2H2O(钙水碱)、Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O(单斜纳钙石)、Na(HCO3)Na2CO3·2H2O(天然碱)、Na2S2O3·5H2O、Na2O3Si·5H2O、KF·2H2O、CaBr2·2H2O、CaBr2·6H2O、CaSO4·2H2O(石膏)、Ca(SO4)·1/2H2O(烧石膏)、Ba(OH)2·8H2O、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O、Ni(NO3)2·4H2O、Ni(NO3)2·2H2O、Zn(NO3)2·4H2O、Zn(NO3)2·6H2O、(ZnO)2(B2O3)2·3H2O、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O(US 5985013 A)、MgSO4·7H2O(EP1069172A)、Mg(OH)2、Al(OH)3、Al(OH)3·3H2O、AlOOH(勃姆石)、Al2[SO4]3·nH2O(其中,n=14–18)、KAl(SO4)2·12H2O(EP1069172A)、CaO·Al2O3·10H2O(碳氢镁石)、MgCO3·3H2O(水铝镁钙石)、Ca2Mg14(Al,Fe)4CO3(OH)42·29H2O(硅灰石膏)、Ca3Si(OH)6(SO4)(CO3)·12H2O(水纤菱镁石)、Ca6Al2[(OH)12|(SO4)3]·26H2O(钙矾石)、3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O(水菱镁石)、Mg5(OH)2(CO3)4·4H2O(水铝钙石)、Ca4Al2(OH)14·6H2O(水滑石)、Mg6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O(水碳铝钙石)、CaAl2(OH)4(CO3)2·3H2O(水碳铝石)、Al14(CO3)3(OH)36(水榴石)、3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O(碳钠铝石)、NaAl(OH)CO3、Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)、含水沸石、蛭石、硬硼钙石、珍珠岩、云母、碱金属硅酸盐、硼砂、改性碳、石墨、二氧化硅及其混合物组成的群组。
3.根据项目1或2的复合系统,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物包括钙矾石,优选合成的钙矾石。
4.根据项目1至3中任一项的复合系统,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物包括Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)。
5.根据项目1至4中任一项的复合系统,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物包括合成的钙矾石和Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)。
6.根据项目1至5中任一项的复合系统,
其特征在于,
所述防火层包括涂覆有防火组合物的玻璃纤维非织造物或玻璃纤维织物,所述防火组合物包含所述至少一种消融化合物。
7.防火装置,包括:
(a)复合系统,包括:
(a1)载体层,
(a2)粘合层,和
(a3)包含至少一种消融化合物的防火层,
和
(b)在其内部布置所述复合系统的壳体。
8.根据项目7的防火装置,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物选自由LiNO3·3H2O、Na2CO3 H2O(水碱)、Na2CO3·7H2O、Na2CO3·10H2O(苏打)、Na2Ca(CO3)2·2H2O(钙水碱)、Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O(单斜纳钙石)、Na(HCO3)Na2CO3·2H2O(天然碱)、Na2S2O3·5H2O、Na2O3Si·5H2O、KF·2H2O、CaBr2·2H2O、CaBr2·6H2O、CaSO4·2H2O(石膏)、Ca(SO4)·1/2H2O(烧石膏)、Ba(OH)2·8H2O、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O、Ni(NO3)2·4H2O、Ni(NO3)2·2H2O、Zn(NO3)2·4H2O、Zn(NO3)2·6H2O、(ZnO)2(B2O3)2·3H2O、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O(US 5985013 A)、MgSO4·7H2O(EP1069172A)、Mg(OH)2、Al(OH)3、Al(OH)3·3H2O、AlOOH(勃姆石)、Al2[SO4]3·nH2O(其中,n=14–18、KAl(SO4)2·12H2O(EP1069172A)、CaO·Al2O3·10H2O(碳氢镁石)、MgCO3·3H2O(水铝镁钙石)、Ca2Mg14(Al,Fe)4CO3(OH)42·29H2O(硅灰石膏)、Ca3Si(OH)6(SO4)(CO3)·12H2O(水纤菱镁石)、Ca6Al2[(OH)12|(SO4)3]·26H2O(钙矾石)、3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O(水菱镁石)、Mg5(OH)2(CO3)4·4H2O(水铝钙石)、Ca4Al2(OH)14·6H2O(水滑石)、Mg6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O(水碳铝钙石)、CaAl2(OH)4(CO3)2·3H2O(水碳铝石)、Al14(CO3)3(OH)36(水榴石)、3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O(碳钠铝石)、NaAl(OH)CO3、Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)、含水沸石、蛭石、硬硼钙石、珍珠岩、云母、碱金属硅酸盐、硼砂、改性碳、石墨、二氧化硅及其混合物组成的群组。
9.根据项目7或8的防火装置,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物包括钙矾石,优选合成的钙矾石。
10.根据项目7至9中任一项所述的防火装置,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物包括Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)。
11.根据项目7至10中任一项所述的防火装置,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物包括合成的钙矾石和Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)。
12.根据项目7至11中任一项所述的防火装置,
其特征在于,
所述防火层包括涂覆有防火组合物的玻璃纤维非织造物或玻璃纤维织物,所述防火组合物包含至少一种起消融作用的化合物。
13.根据项目12的防火装置,
其特征在于,
玻璃纤维毛状物或玻璃纤维织物包含AES玻璃、E玻璃、ECR玻璃、S玻璃、R玻璃、M玻璃、C玻璃、D玻璃、AR玻璃、T玻璃和/或Q玻璃的玻璃纤维。
14.电池组包括
(i)外壳,
(ii)至少一个可充电锂离子电池,
(iii)防火装置,包括:
(a)复合系统。包括:
(a1)载体层,
(a2)粘合层,和
(a3)包含至少一种消融活性化合物的防火层,和
(b)在其内部布置所述复合系统的壳体。
15.根据项目14的电池组,
其特征在于,
所述电池组包括根据项目6至12中任一项的防火装置。
16.根据项目7至13中的任意一项所述的防火装置在包括至少一个可充电电池单元的装置,特别是可充电锂离子电池中的用途。
Claims (16)
1.复合系统,包括:
(1)载体层,
(2)粘合层,和
(3)包含至少一种消融化合物的防火层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合系统,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物选自由LiNO3·3H2O、Na2CO3·H2O(水碱)、Na2CO3·7H2O、Na2CO3·10H2O(苏打)、Na2Ca(CO3)2·2H2O(钙水碱)、Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O(单斜纳钙石)、Na(HCO3)Na2CO3·2H2O(天然碱)、Na2S2O3·5H2O、Na2O3Si·5H2O、KF·2H2O、CaBr2·2H2O、CaBr2·6H2O、CaSO4·2H2O(石膏)、Ca(SO4)·1/2H2O(烧石膏)、Ba(OH)2·8H2O、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O、Ni(NO3)2·4H2O、Ni(NO3)2·2H2O、Zn(NO3)2·4H2O、Zn(NO3)2·6H2O、(ZnO)2(B2O3)2·3H2O、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O(US5985013 A)、MgSO4·7H2O(EP1069172A)、Mg(OH)2、Al(OH)3、Al(OH)3·3H2O、AlOOH(勃姆石)、Al2[SO4]3·nH2O(其中,n=14–18)、KAl(SO4)2·12H2O(EP1069172A)、CaO·Al2O3·10H2O(碳氢镁石)、MgCO3·3H2O(水铝镁钙石)、Ca2Mg14(Al,Fe)4CO3(OH)42·29H2O(硅灰石膏)、Ca3Si(OH)6(SO4)(CO3)·12H2O(水纤菱镁石)、Ca6Al2[(OH)12|(SO4)3]·26H2O(钙矾石)、3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O(水菱镁石)、Mg5(OH)2(CO3)4·4H2O(水铝钙石)、Ca4Al2(OH)14·6H2O(水滑石)、Mg6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O(水碳铝钙石)、CaAl2(OH)4(CO3)2·3H2O(水碳铝石)、Al14(CO3)3(OH)36(水榴石)、3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O(碳钠铝石)、NaAl(OH)CO3、Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)、含水沸石、蛭石、硬硼钙石、珍珠岩、云母、碱金属硅酸盐、硼砂、改性碳、石墨、二氧化硅及其混合物组成的群组。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合系统,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物包括钙矾石,优选合成的钙矾石。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的复合系统,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物包括Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的复合系统,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物包括合成的钙矾石和Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的复合系统,
其特征在于,
所述防火层包括涂覆有防火组合物的玻璃纤维非织造物或玻璃纤维织物,所述防火组合物包含所述至少一种消融化合物。
7.防火装置,包括:
(a)复合系统,包括:
(a1)载体层,
(a2)粘合层,和
(a3)包含至少一种消融化合物的防火层,
和
(b)在其内部布置所述复合系统的壳体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的防火装置,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物选自由LiNO3·3H2O、Na2CO3 H2O(水碱)、Na2CO3·7H2O、Na2CO3·10H2O(苏打)、Na2Ca(CO3)2·2H2O(钙水碱)、Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O(单斜纳钙石)、Na(HCO3)Na2CO3·2H2O(天然碱)、Na2S2O3·5H2O、Na2O3Si·5H2O、KF·2H2O、CaBr2·2H2O、CaBr2·6H2O、CaSO4·2H2O(石膏)、Ca(SO4)·1/2H2O(烧石膏)、Ba(OH)2·8H2O、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O、Ni(NO3)2·4H2O、Ni(NO3)2·2H2O、Zn(NO3)2·4H2O、Zn(NO3)2·6H2O、(ZnO)2(B2O3)2·3H2O、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O(US5985013 A)、MgSO4·7H2O(EP1069172A)、Mg(OH)2、Al(OH)3、Al(OH)3·3H2O、AlOOH(勃姆石)、Al2[SO4]3·nH2O(其中,n=14–18)、KAl(SO4)2·12H2O(EP1069172A)、CaO·Al2O3·10H2O(碳氢镁石)、MgCO3·3H2O(水铝镁钙石)、Ca2Mg14(Al,Fe)4CO3(OH)42·29H2O(硅灰石膏)、Ca3Si(OH)6(SO4)(CO3)·12H2O(水纤菱镁石)、Ca6Al2[(OH)12|(SO4)3]·26H2O(钙矾石)、3CaO·Al2O3·3CaSO4·32H2O(水菱镁石)、Mg5(OH)2(CO3)4·4H2O(水铝钙石)、Ca4Al2(OH)14·6H2O(水滑石)、Mg6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O(水碳铝钙石)、CaAl2(OH)4(CO3)2·3H2O(水碳铝石)、Al14(CO3)3(OH)36(水榴石)、3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O(碳钠铝石)、NaAl(OH)CO3、Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)、含水沸石、蛭石、硬硼钙石、珍珠岩、云母、碱金属硅酸盐、硼砂、改性碳、石墨、二氧化硅及其混合物组成的群组。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的防火装置,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物包括钙矾石,优选合成的钙矾石。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的防火装置,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物包括Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)。
11.根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的防火装置,
其特征在于,
所述消融化合物包括合成的钙矾石和Al(OH)3(水铝矿,ATH)。
12.根据权利要求7至11中任一项所述的防火装置,
其特征在于,
所述防火层包括涂覆有防火组合物的玻璃纤维非织造物或玻璃纤维织物,所述防火组合物包含至少一种起消融作用的化合物。
13.根据权利要求12所述的防火装置,
其特征在于,
玻璃纤维毛状物或玻璃纤维织物包含AES玻璃、E玻璃、ECR玻璃、S玻璃、R玻璃、M玻璃、C玻璃、D玻璃、AR玻璃、T玻璃和/或Q玻璃的玻璃纤维。
14.电池组,包括:
(i)外壳,
(ii)至少一个可充电锂离子电池,
(iii)防火装置,包括:
(a)复合系统,包括:
(a1)载体层,
(a2)粘合层,和
(a3)包含至少一种消融活性化合物的防火层,和
(b)在其内部布置所述复合系统的壳体。
15.根据权利要求14所述的电池组,
其特征在于,
所述电池组包括根据权利要求6至12中任一项所述的防火装置。
16.根据权利要求7至13中的任意一项所述的防火装置在包括至少一个可充电电池单元的装置,特别是可充电锂离子电池中的用途。
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- 2019-10-04 KR KR1020217009138A patent/KR20210063350A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-10-04 EP EP19779911.7A patent/EP3861575A1/de active Pending
- 2019-10-04 US US17/276,417 patent/US20220069402A1/en active Pending
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CN114561042A (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-31 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | 一种复配阻燃剂、其作为低热传导性消融式阻燃隔热材料的应用 |
CN114561042B (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-09-29 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | 一种复配阻燃剂、其作为低热传导性消融式阻燃隔热材料的应用 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JP7312248B2 (ja) | 2023-07-20 |
US20220069402A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 |
EP3861575A1 (de) | 2021-08-11 |
JP2022501778A (ja) | 2022-01-06 |
CN112805070B (zh) | 2023-12-05 |
WO2020070275A1 (de) | 2020-04-09 |
KR20210063350A (ko) | 2021-06-01 |
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