CN112778392A - 一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的应用与制备 - Google Patents
一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的应用与制备 Download PDFInfo
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于绞股蓝化合物制备领域,尤其是一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的应用与制备,针对现有的抗肿瘤药物大多没有很好的利用绞股蓝,导致药物疗效较差,副作用较大的的问题,现提出如下方案,其包括以下步骤:S1:取绞股蓝总皂苷20kg,以甲醇溶解,与40kg硅胶混合拌样,挥干溶剂;S2:上100kg干法硅胶层析柱,以氯仿‑甲醇梯度洗脱,配合薄层层析检查,收集合并含绞股蓝皂苷A的洗脱液,回收溶剂后得6kg绞股蓝皂苷A粗品,S3:取绞股蓝皂苷A粗品100g,以甲醇配制成200mg/ml的溶液,本发明提出的绞股蓝化合物用于抗肿瘤治疗,疗效确切,安全无毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及绞股蓝化合物制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的应用与制备。
背景技术
绞股蓝为葫芦科绞股蓝属植物,其主要有效成分为绞股蓝皂苷A,研究显示绞股蓝皂苷A具有抗肿瘤、降低血糖血脂、增强免疫力作用等药理活性,从绞股蓝中分离提取出一种具有达玛烷结构的绞股蓝皂苷A化合物,是一种天然的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPAR-α)激动剂,可以抑制核因子-κB的激活,体外实验中显示,绞股蓝皂苷A通过PPAR-α途径抑制细胞因子对于人内皮细胞表达血管粘附因子-1(VCAM-1)的诱导作用,其活性类似于Wy-14643,并应用酶联免疫实验方法证明绞股蓝皂苷A可以抑制TNF-α诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞表达VCAM-1mRNA的作用,其抑制LPS诱导THP-1单核细胞表达组织因子的作用也是通过PPAR-α途径,PPAR具有抗增殖及预调亡和促分化的功能,因而具有较全面的抗癌活性,PPAR参与了前脂肪细胞分化成脂肪细胞以及单核细胞分化为巨噬细胞,当有PPAR和RXR配体存在时,骨髓细胞前分化为静息巨噬细胞,当两者持续存在时,PPAR可消退脂肪瘤细胞分化同时触发瘤细胞向脂肪细胞分化。绞股蓝皂苷A抗肿瘤机制主要表现在抗诱变、干扰细胞周期、增强机体免疫机能、诱导肿瘤细胞发生凋亡、抑制癌细胞发生自噬和诱导癌细胞发生逆转等方面。
现有的抗肿瘤药物大多没有很好的利用绞股蓝,导致药物疗效较差,副作用较大,因此我们提出了一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的应用与制备,用来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在抗肿瘤药物大多没有很好的利用绞股蓝,导致药物疗效较差,副作用较大的缺点,而提出的一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的应用与制备。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的制备,包括以下步骤:
S1:取绞股蓝总皂苷20kg,以甲醇溶解,与40kg硅胶混合拌样,挥干溶剂;
S2:上100kg干法硅胶层析柱,以氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脱,配合薄层层析检查,收集合并含绞股蓝皂苷A的洗脱液,回收溶剂后得6kg绞股蓝皂苷A粗品;
S3:取绞股蓝皂苷A粗品100g,以甲醇配制成200mg/ml的溶液,采用中压制备型液相色谱法纯化,收集绞股蓝皂苷A组分,浓缩得含量在90%以上的绞股蓝皂苷A;
S4:将90%以上的绞股蓝皂苷A溶解在混合有机溶剂中,反复进行重结晶,直到纯度达到95%以上,制得合格品;
优选的,所述S1中,硅胶为100~200目。
优选的,所述S2中,配合薄层层析检查:以正丁醇-乙酸-水(4:1:5)的上层为展开剂,显色剂:10%硫酸乙醇溶液。
本发明还提出了一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的应用,所述绞股蓝化合物用于抗肿瘤药物中。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
本方案在现有绞股蓝总皂苷药物的基础上,经过科学的药理药效基础研究,从总皂苷的136种皂苷中筛选出含量最高及活性最强的组分绞股蓝皂苷A,并将该化合物药理药效的作用机制进行了深入研究,结果表明绞股蓝皂苷A是一种天然的选择性过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)-α激活剂,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体PPAR-α是细胞核激素受体,它转录水平影响脂肪酸及其衍生物的功能,通过以上的方式,PPAR-α可以调节细胞的分化、增殖和生存,从而在不同组织中控制癌症的发生,PPAR-α具有抗增殖及预调亡和促分化的功能,因而具有较全面的抗癌活性,PPAR-α参与了前脂肪细胞分化成脂肪细胞以及单核细胞分化为巨噬细胞,当有PPAR-α和RXR配体存在时,骨髓细胞前分化为静息巨噬细胞,当两者持续存在时,PPAR-α可消退脂肪瘤细胞分化同时触发瘤细胞向脂肪细胞分化,实验发现PPAR在正常结肠细胞、高分化及低分化肠癌细胞中均有高表达,溃疡性结肠炎与结肠癌的发生密切相关,NSAIDS可作为PPAR-α配体发挥作用,PPA-αR激动剂可抑制COX-2的表达,同时PPAR-α激动剂可抑制巨噬细胞的激活、炎性细胞因子的生成,可抑制炎症及致瘤损伤的进展,其治疗抗肿瘤的作用机制主要表现在抗诱变、干扰细胞周期、增强机体免疫机能、诱导肿瘤细胞发生凋亡、抑制癌细胞发生自噬和诱导癌细胞发生逆转等方面,为开发利用绞股蓝皂甙A治疗抗肿瘤疾病提供了科学依据,技术方案是采用现代化提取纯化技术,将绞股蓝皂苷A纯度达到90%以上,各项指标符合先行版中国药典的要求和规定。
本发明提出的绞股蓝化合物用于抗肿瘤治疗,疗效确切,安全无毒付作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的制备的流程图;
图2为本发明提出的一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的应用的绞股蓝皂苷A的结构式。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
参照图1,一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的制备,包括以下步骤:
S1:取绞股蓝总皂苷20kg,以甲醇溶解,与40kg硅胶(100~200目)混合拌样,挥干溶剂;
S2:上100kg干法硅胶(100~200目)层析柱,以氯仿-甲醇(8:1→3:1)梯度洗脱,配合薄层层析检查(以正丁醇-乙酸-水(4:1:5)的上层为展开剂,显色剂:10%硫酸乙醇溶液),收集合并含绞股蓝皂苷A的洗脱液,回收溶剂后得6kg绞股蓝皂苷A粗品;
S3:取绞股蓝皂苷A粗品100g,以甲醇配制成200mg/ml的溶液,采用中压制备型液相色谱法纯化,收集绞股蓝皂苷A组分,浓缩得含量在90%以上的绞股蓝皂苷A;
S4:将90%以上的绞股蓝皂苷A溶解在混合有机溶剂中,反复进行重结晶,直到纯度达到95%以上,制得合格品。
本实施例还提出了一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的应用,绞股蓝化合物用于抗肿瘤药物中。
绞股蓝皂苷A化合物的结构确定
通用名:绞股蓝皂苷A
英文名:gypenoside A
汉语拼音:Jiaogulan Zaogan A
中文化学名:3β,23一二羟基,19一醛基,24一甲基,22,16环氧达玛烷一3一O一a—L一吡喃鼠李糖基一(1→2)一β—D一吡楠木糖基一(1→2)一β—D一吡喃木糖甙。英文化学名:17-(2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-3-(5-hydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylo xy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-4,4,8,14-tetramethylhexadec ahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde。
分子式:C46H76O17
分子量:898.5。
治疗肝癌、肺癌的临床有效使用剂量:
临床有效使用剂量为120mg~360mg/日/人,每日2~3次,十五天一个疗程,亦可长期服用,安全无毒付作用。
治疗肝癌、肺癌的药物规格:
每单位含有绞股蓝皂苷A的剂量为20~120mg。
治疗肝癌、肺癌的药物剂型:
绞股蓝皂苷A在临床使用中采用口服给药,适用于所有口服制剂,例如:片剂(含片、舌下片、肠溶片、咀嚼片、口崩片、泡腾片、分散片、缓释片、控释片等);胶囊剂(肠溶胶囊、软胶囊、缓释胶囊、控释胶囊等);颗粒剂(混悬颗粒、泡腾颗粒、肠溶颗粒、缓释颗粒和控释颗粒等);滴丸剂和糖丸剂;散剂;口服溶液剂(混悬剂、乳剂);糖浆剂等。
我国绞股蓝资源丰富,自然分布广泛,易人工栽培,经对绞股蓝皂苷A的抗肿瘤作用的研究,表明其具有广泛的抗癌谱,且通过多种机制发挥抗肿瘤效应,同时对正常细胞的增殖没有明显的抑制作用,然而研究大多集中在整体细胞水平,很少深入到特定的分子靶点或具体的信号通路,且多以体外细胞实验为主,随着对绞股蓝皂苷A抗癌作用机制研究的不断深入,其作为天然抗癌剂必将对促进人类健康作出贡献。
一、抗肿瘤的作用机制
抗诱变作用
绞股蓝皂苷A能通过阻断某些诱变剂在体内的诱变作用进而抑制肿瘤细胞在体内外的生长,以环磷酰胺为诱变剂,以诱变处理后姐妹染色体互换的频率为指标,显示绞股蓝皂苷A可使环磷酰胺所致的姐妹染色体互换增高频率明显降低,证明绞股蓝皂苷A有抗诱变效应。在以3-MC作为诱导剂,通过检测处理后肝细胞微粒体蛋白P448(EROD)在体内外的活性变化发现,3-MC诱导后P448(EROD)活性明显高于对照组,而用绞股蓝皂苷A预处理后,对微粒体蛋白活性增高的抑制效果接近50%,且随着剂量的增加,EROD活性明显下降,证实了通过对代谢酶的抑制调节进而参与和影响机体内的一切代谢酶系统是引发抗诱变的重要作用机制之一。
干扰细胞周期
绞股蓝皂苷A对人肝癌HepG2细胞周期分布的作用,证实绞股蓝皂苷A作用于HepG2后细胞发生了G/G期的阻滞,阻止了原位瘤分离出去后进入血管及淋巴管的瘤细胞,从而抑制瘤细胞的侵袭和转移,绞股蓝皂苷A能显著提高S180肉瘤周围及瘤内淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的数量,并刺激肿瘤周围成纤维细胞的增生,使携带有S180肉瘤细胞的荷瘤小鼠脾脏质量明显增加,脾脏白髓数量显著增加,且脾脏体积增大,动脉周围淋巴鞘、边缘区及淋巴小结均明显增大,通过活化免疫细胞增强机体免疫力,抑制肿瘤生长,HepG2细胞向S期过渡,抑制了DNA的复制,流式细胞仪分析发现绞股蓝皂苷A可以诱导小鼠白血病L1210S期细胞比例增高,G/G期和G/M期细胞数量减少,绞股蓝皂苷A处理人前列腺癌细胞PC-3发现,绞股蓝皂苷A可以通过调节细胞周期蛋白的表达导致细胞周期阻滞在S期和G/M期。
增强免疫机能
研究表明,口服绞股蓝皂苷A,可以增强联合放疗和化疗后原发性肺癌患者的免疫功能,还能通过降低脂质过氧化反应,提高其血浆中超氧化物歧化酶的活性,保护机体正常细胞免受自由基的损伤,进而抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和侵袭作用,在给移植了Lewis肺癌细胞的小鼠腹腔注射绞股蓝皂苷A,小鼠的免疫应答功能发生了显著的改善,总脾细胞数量的增加以及NK细胞和脾细胞生物活性的增强,
绞股蓝皂苷A能增加淋巴细胞数量,提高小鼠自然杀伤细胞活性和血清溶血素的产生,并增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,提高脾细胞分泌抗体的能力,增强机体自身杀伤原位肿瘤细胞,另一方面及时清除从原位瘤分离出去后进入血管及淋巴管的瘤细胞,从而抑制瘤细胞的侵袭和转移,通过检测,给药后Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞总数及NK细胞活性所产生的变化,证实了绞股蓝皂苷A作用于荷瘤小鼠体内可以刺激脾淋巴细胞数量的增加和NK细胞活性的增强进而杀伤肿瘤细胞,证实了绞股蓝皂苷A的抗肿瘤作用与其调节机体的免疫功能有关,绞股蓝皂苷A对免疫系统的活性主要体现在增强非特异性免疫、体液免疫、细胞免疫,对淋巴细胞转化和白细胞介素2(IL-2)分泌的影响,及对自然杀伤细胞(NK)的增加作用,绞股蓝皂苷A可非常明显增强非特异性免疫功能。
诱导细胞发生凋亡效应
研究表明,绞股蓝皂苷A可以通过各种信号途径诱导细胞发生凋亡效应来发挥其抗肿瘤活性,可诱导细胞内活性氧(ROS)的产生并增加细胞内Ca2+浓度,ROS和Ca2+都是位于线粒体内膜上的通透性转换孔的调节剂,这些孔隙的打开导致溶质和水进入线粒体基质,导致外部线粒体基质膨胀并破裂,引发细胞色素C的释放和细胞凋亡,能通过多功能蛋白激酶CHK2诱导细胞发生G/G1期的阻滞,并通过内质网应激和线粒体依赖途径诱导人舌癌SCC-4发生细胞凋亡。
诱导癌细胞发生逆转
研究表明,用绞股蓝皂苷A处理人舌癌SCC-4细胞可以诱导细胞周期检测点激酶Chk2的表达,进而导致细胞周期蛋白D和细胞周期蛋白E表达水平的降低,同样用皂苷A处理人前列腺癌细胞PC-3其可以通过调节细胞周期蛋白的表达导致细胞周期阻滞在S期和G/M期。
二、抗肿瘤效应
绞股蓝皂苷A有明显的体内外抗肿瘤作用,其直接的细胞毒作用可抑制肿瘤细胞生长繁殖,对体外培养的黑色素肿瘤细胞、子宫颈癌细胞、肺癌细胞以及肝癌细胞具有明显的抑制作用,抑制率在15%~80%,且在3~15μg/mL随质量浓度增高表现出抑制作用增强,同时对正常细胞增殖无不良影响,体外实验证明绞股蓝皂苷A能直接杀伤S180肉瘤细胞,作用浓度0.4%~0.8%的杀灭率为50%~80%,在抑制小鼠Lewis肺癌的实验中具有明显的抑制作用,给药后荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞总数、外周血NK细胞活性、刺激脾的NK细胞活性均有显著提高,皂苷A能抑制小鼠白血病L1210细胞的增殖,这种抑制作用与活性氧的产生、线粒体电位下降和DNA损伤有关,此外,绞股蓝皂苷A对培养的小鼠艾氏腹水癌(EAC)、HeLa细胞均有直接杀灭作用。
体外抗肿瘤效应
研究显示,绞股蓝皂苷A水解产物对人乳腺管癌细胞MDA-MB-435有显著的增殖抑制效应。绞股蓝皂苷A处理对HeLa细胞、人肺癌细胞及小鼠腹水瘤细胞的生长有较强的抑制作用。绞股蓝皂苷A水解物可显著抑制离体培养的人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞和人肝癌Hep3B细胞的增殖作用。绞股蓝皂苷A水解产物可诱导人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7和人结肠癌细胞株HT-29发生显著的凋亡效应。
体内抗肿瘤效应
对移植了SAS口腔癌细胞的BALB/c裸鼠隔天腹腔注射20mg·kg-1绞股蓝皂苷A处理后,小鼠实体瘤的增长速率受到明显的抑制,给移植了WEHI-3白血病细胞的BALB/c小鼠灌胃2周后,收集小鼠的血液样品,用流式细胞术染色检测到分离的白细胞标记物CD3和CD19的表面标志物水平和巨噬细胞的数量显著增加,研究证实,绞股蓝皂苷A能显著抑制携带晚期S180肉瘤细胞小鼠肿瘤的生长,这与肿瘤坏死面积的增加和浸润到肿瘤周围区域的淋巴细胞或巨噬细胞数量的增加相关,用绞股蓝皂苷A或其愈伤组织水提液给患腹水型EAC的小鼠灌胃,每日0.5mL,连续15d,小鼠的生命延长率接近50%,绞股蓝皂苷A也可是一种化疗增敏剂,通过氧化应激介导的DNA损伤增加临床化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶对结直肠癌荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤效应,绞股蓝皂苷A作为辅助药物,与阿霉素联用能增强抑制肿瘤作用、显著降低毒性和不良反应。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的制备,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:取绞股蓝总皂苷20kg,以甲醇溶解,与40kg硅胶混合拌样,挥干溶剂;
S2:上100kg干法硅胶层析柱,以氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脱,配合薄层层析检查,收集合并含绞股蓝皂苷A的洗脱液,回收溶剂后得6kg绞股蓝皂苷A粗品;
S3:取绞股蓝皂苷A粗品100g,以甲醇配制成200mg/ml的溶液,采用中压制备型液相色谱法纯化,收集绞股蓝皂苷A组分,浓缩得含量在90%以上的绞股蓝皂苷A;
S4:将90%以上的绞股蓝皂苷A溶解在混合有机溶剂中,反复进行重结晶,直到纯度达到95%以上,制得合格品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的制备,其特征在于,所述S1中,硅胶为100~200目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的制备,其特征在于,所述S2中,配合薄层层析检查:以正丁醇-乙酸-水(4:1:5)的上层为展开剂,显色剂:10%硫酸乙醇溶液。
4.一种绞股蓝化合物在抗肿瘤药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述绞股蓝化合物用于抗肿瘤药物中。
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