CN112772036A

CN112772036A - Technology for crushing and returning crop straws to field

Info

Publication number: CN112772036A
Application number: CN202011450180.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨晓辉; 曹振林; 马敏; 李萍; 马小霞; 许晓惠; 吴建兰; 李巨景; 吴江成
Original assignee: Huixian Agricultural Technology Extension Center
Current assignee: Huixian Agricultural Technology Extension Center
Priority date: 2020-12-12
Filing date: 2020-12-12
Publication date: 2021-05-11

Abstract

The invention relates to a technology for crushing and returning crop straws to the field, which relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and is used for harvesting crop ears and keeping fresh straws upright; pressing down the straws by using an agricultural machine, and then spreading 3-4kg of straw decomposition agent and 5-7kg of urea per mu; and after 2-3 times of rotary tillage, crushing and burying for 20-35 cm. The fertilizer can increase soil organic matters, fertilize soil fertility, reduce straw burning, protect ecological environment, increase crop yield, and realize cost saving and efficiency improvement.

Description

Technology for crushing and returning crop straws to field

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a technology for crushing and returning crop straws to fields.

Background

In recent years, on the basis of strengthening and improving the construction result of low-and-medium-yield fields, many rural towns continuously explore innovation, actively implement scientific and technical items such as soil testing and fertilization, soil organic matter improvement, farmland quality protection, farmland quality improvement, chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement, guide farmers to apply crop straw crushing, rotting and returning to fields, commodity organic fertilizer application, wheat and poultry rotation and other soil improvement and soil fertility fertilizing technologies through physicochemical subsidy and purchasing service subsidy modes, increase the input of soil organic matter, promote the conversion and utilization of organic fertilizer resources such as straw, livestock and poultry manure, optimize a fertilization structure, reduce straw burning and pollution, effectively improve the agricultural ecological environment, protect and improve the farmland quality, ensure the quality safety of agricultural products, enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a reasonably designed technology for crushing and returning crop straws to the field, aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, and the technology can increase soil organic matters, improve soil fertility, reduce straw burning, protect ecological environment, increase crop yield, save cost and improve efficiency.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the operation steps are as follows:

harvesting crop ears, and keeping fresh straws upright; or directly collecting the seeds and crushing the straws to be covered and returned to the field at one time;

step two, pressing down the straws by adopting an agricultural machine, and then spreading 3-4kg of straw decomposition agent and 5-7kg of urea per mu;

and step three, after rotary tillage is carried out for 2-3 times, the mixture is crushed and buried for 20-35cm at the same time.

Further, the upright straws in the step one are corn straws, and the stubble height after the corn straws are crushed is less than 20 cm.

Further, the upright straws in the step one are wheat and soybean straws, and the stubble height after the wheat and soybean straws are crushed is less than 15 cm.

Furthermore, the agricultural implement in the second step is a 12-15 horsepower walking tractor, and before the corn stalks are pressed down, a stick of 1.5-2 meters needs to be transversely tied at the head of the tractor, and the corn stalks are pressed down by the stick.

Further, the agricultural implement in the second step is a rotary cultivator with 25-40 horsepower.

Further, the agricultural implement in the second step is a rotary cultivator with more than 45 horsepower.

Further, 5-7kg of urea in the second step can be replaced by 12kg of ammonium bicarbonate.

Furthermore, the straw decomposition agent and urea in the second step can be scattered on the surface of the straw after being mixed with fine soil, and the mixture is buried in the soil after being uniformly mixed.

After the steps are adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a technology for crushing and returning crop straws to the field, which can increase soil organic matters, fertilize soil, reduce straw burning, protect ecological environment, increase crop yield and realize cost saving and efficiency improvement.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the specific implementation mode (embodiment one) adopts the following technical scheme: the operation steps are as follows:

harvesting corn ears, keeping fresh corn straws upright, and keeping the stubble height of the corn straws less than 20 cm;

step two, transversely binding a stick of 1.5-2 meters at the nose of a 12-15 horsepower walking tractor, pressing down corn straws by using the stick, mixing 3-4kg of straw decomposition agent, 5-7kg of urea and fine soil, scattering the mixture on the surface of the straws, pressing down the straws, carrying out rotary tillage for 2-3 times, and then crushing and burying the straws for 20-40 cm;

and step three, after rotary tillage is carried out for 2-3 times, smashing and overturning for 20-25cm, namely, after the corns are harvested in the early autumn, the straws should be rolled in time to be green and rush to bury, and the straws are prevented from being dehydrated and aged and soil moisture is lost to be unfavorable for rotting, when the corns are buried, the soil is covered with no exposed roots and straws, the thickness is about 10-20 cm, 2-4kg of straw decomposition agent can be scattered per mu, nitrogen fertilizer or liquid dung is applied according to actual conditions, the straws are accelerated to be fully decomposed, the corn straws are required to be changed from one mu to another mu generally, the dry straws are applied to each mu by about 500 plus plants by 800kg, the straws are required to be changed from 1 mu to 2 mu in low fertility or dry land blocks, the returning amount is large, and the growth of the crops can be influenced.

By taking the Luyacun of the Huizhou county, the Li and Yao village as a core and being driven by radiation, the main technical measures of newly repairing the horizontal terrace for fertilizing and improving soil, improving the farmland quality and constructing a high-standard farmland are achieved by 5000 mu, and the technology is low in investment cost, simple and feasible, labor-saving, practical and wide in application range; at present, over 85% of farmers in major grain and oil production areas in Hui county have 12-15 horsepower hand-held rotary cultivators, and green and strong labor can crush and thoroughly decompose straws to return to the field by themselves, so that the technology has high popularization rate, the operation time per mu is 40 minutes, and the effect is achieved in the next year after returning to the field in the same year.

Example two:

the operation steps of this embodiment are as follows:

step one, after wheat or soybeans are completely mature, selecting a machine to harvest seeds, simultaneously crushing wheat and soybean straws once, covering the ground, and then selecting a rotary cultivator to be turned and buried in soil;

step two, harvesting wheat or soybean straws by adopting a 25-40 horsepower rotary cultivator, directly harvesting wheat or soybean seeds and crushing the straws to cover the ground at one time, mixing 3-4kg of straw decomposition agent, 5-7kg of urea and fine soil, and then spreading the mixture on the surfaces of the straws;

and step three, after rotary tillage is carried out for 1 time, the mixture is buried by 25-30cm while being crushed.

At present, less than 15% of farmers in major grain and oil production areas in Hui county have 25-40 horsepower rotary cultivators, and the corn straws can be crushed, decomposed and returned to the field in green and strong labor, so that the technology has high popularization rate, the operation time of one mu is 25 minutes, the field is returned to the field in the same year, and the effect is achieved in the next year.

After the steps are adopted, the beneficial effects of the specific embodiment are as follows: the specific embodiment provides a technology for smashing and returning crop straws to the field, which can increase soil organic matters, fertilize soil, reduce straw burning, protect ecological environment, increase crop yield and realize cost saving and efficiency improvement.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A technology for crushing and returning crop straws to fields is characterized in that: the operation steps are as follows:

harvesting the fruit clusters of the crops, and keeping the fresh straws upright;

and (III) after 2-3 times of rotary tillage, crushing and burying for 20-35 cm.

2. The technology of crushing and returning the crop straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the vertical straws in the step (I) are corn straws, and the stubble height after the corn straws are crushed is less than 20 cm.

3. The technology of crushing and returning the crop straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the vertical straws in the step (I) are wheat and soybean straws, and the stubble height after the wheat and soybean straws are crushed is less than 15 cm.

4. The technology of crushing and returning the crop straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the agricultural machine in the step (II) is a 12-15 horsepower walking tractor, a stick of 1.5-2 meters is transversely tied at the head part of the tractor before the corn straws are pressed down, and the corn straws are pressed down by the stick.

5. The technology of crushing and returning the crop straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the agricultural implement in the step (II) is a rotary cultivator with 25-40 horsepower.

6. The technology of crushing and returning the crop straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the agricultural implement in the step (II) is a rotary cultivator with more than 45 horsepower.

7. The technology of crushing and returning the crop straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: 5-7kg of urea in the step (II) is replaced by 12kg of ammonium bicarbonate.

8. The technology of crushing and returning the crop straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the straw decomposition agent and the urea in the step (II) can be scattered on the surface of the straw after being mixed with fine soil, and are buried in the soil after being uniformly mixed.