CN1127701A - 隔油、防水的薄膜层压材料 - Google Patents

隔油、防水的薄膜层压材料 Download PDF

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CN1127701A
CN1127701A CN95118670A CN95118670A CN1127701A CN 1127701 A CN1127701 A CN 1127701A CN 95118670 A CN95118670 A CN 95118670A CN 95118670 A CN95118670 A CN 95118670A CN 1127701 A CN1127701 A CN 1127701A
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layer
oil
carrier
waterproofing membrane
film
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CN1063390C (zh
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R·F·詹金斯
R·A·韦尔辛斯基
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WR Grace and Co Conn
WR Grace and Co
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WR Grace and Co
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    • B32B11/04—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B11/046—Layered products comprising a layer of bituminous or tarry substances comprising such bituminous or tarry substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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Abstract

一种适用于防水结构表面的改进的预成型、柔性片状层压材料，包括一层柔性防水沥青薄膜，和通常与其邻接的一层不可去掉地粘附的衬底载片组件，以及至少一层共挤出的耐油和不透油的聚合物片，衬底载片组件通过共挤出第一和第二聚合物层形成，其最外层掺有反光剂。

Description

隔油、防水的薄膜层压材料
本发明涉及预成型的片状层压制品状防水材料，防水的沥青薄膜(a)被粘合到覆盖沥青薄膜的至少一个主表面的衬底片料(b)上。
已经知道，建筑物表面，诸如地基、混凝土面板、屋面等等，能通过在其上形成基本上不渗水的沥青组合物的连续薄膜而进行防水封闭。本文中所用的术语“沥青组合物”是指基于焦油、沥青或木沥青的组合物，它们添加或未添加其他组分。在历史上，这样的防水薄膜是通过“在现场”将沥青组合物与一层或多层浸透沥青的毡一起应用而形成的。这种方法的一个缺点是在现场形成的防水密封层之质量取决于均匀敷施。这样的均匀敷施导致在现场额外的劳动费用。此外，垂直的下层结构薄膜经常不易操作。
在更近的年代中，结构表面的防水处理是通过使用压敏的预成型柔性沥青组合物薄膜来完成的。这些防水材料具有包括衬底片(例如聚合物薄膜)以及与衬底片粘合的、被叠置在其上的柔性自粘沥青组合物的层压结构。正如Davis的加拿大专利No.1008738中所说的那样，已经知道在衬底片中使用交叉层压的或双轴取向的合成聚合物薄膜，以避免暴露在户外阳光后起皱。
在某些应用场合，必须提供反射表面，以便将曝晒引起的增温减低到最小值。白色颜料可被掺入到聚合物薄膜中，Martin在GB 2212417中指出这将使薄膜在作为制造取向薄膜方法一部分的拉伸作业时易被撕裂。因此，Martin还指出，通过挤涂而将含颜料的聚合物层涂敷在衬底片料上。使用赋于防水层压制品以浅色的含颜料聚合物，以便使在阳光下更冷和降低温度的升高。
在寻求解决太阳能加热问题时，本发明的目的是将提供预成型防水层压薄膜所需的制造步骤之数目尽量缩减到最少。因此，本发明的目的是这样的薄膜体系，其中在形成层压薄膜结构的方法中，反射的颜料涂层不是分别涂敷的。
此外，由于来自沥青橡胶粘合层中的油类的迁移，白色或稍带白色的反射颜料有时会变色。在防水层压薄膜中使用隔油层是已知的，并且与以上讨论的问题有关。例如，Rowe的美国专利No.4396665和Colarusso等人的美国专利No.4585682教导使用金属薄膜层以防止沥青粘合剂层中的油类迁移到最上的聚合物衬底膜。然而，使用金属薄膜是昂贵的，并且存在必须加以考虑的热膨胀问题。
Hurst的加拿大专利No.1145109公开一种以液体形式施加在沥青自粘组合物的第一层与基本上无粘合性的沥青组合物的第二层之间的耐油聚合物涂层。隔油涂层防止来自沥青层之一的油迁移到其他层。按此方向，Stierli的美国专利No.4442148教导使用隔油涂层，但是该层被置于聚合物载片与连续的沥青粘合层之间。
尽管隔油薄膜或涂料确实能在多层防水薄膜复合材料中使用，以防止白色或稍带白色的颜料变色，并且在极端情况时防止来自沥青粘合层油的渗色，但是在以简单、有效和节约成本的方式组合层压材料方面仍存在问题。此处想望得到一种新颖的层压材料，它保留柔软性和易使用性，但是它不是超多层的或超多层的或结构物，而面对恶劣的现场条件、阳光和自然环境仍具有耐久性。
本发明的目的是以有效、简单和低成本的方式，将某些不同性质，诸如将阳光的增热缩减到最小的反光性、减少光透到沥青层的吸光性、以及防止污染通常为白色或稍带白色的反光外层的油迁移的隔油性等综合在一起。
进一步说，本发明涉及提供隔油层与为提供光反射性而掺入的助剂一起使用的新颖层压材料，因此，本发明的目的之一是在同一步骤中提供这二方面的特性，以致它们无需分别地应用。在本发明的另一些实施方案中，阻止透光(包括紫外光)用的助剂，例如炭黑，被另外掺入到处于掺混有刚才所说的反光添加剂的最外层之下的另一层中。
在本发明的一个典型的实施方案中，用于防水结构表面的可卷的、预成型的薄膜层压材料，包括其中含油的柔性防水和防水自粘的沥青薄膜层，和不能取掉地粘合到沥青薄膜层的聚合物衬底载片。载片包括第一聚合物层和被层压到第一聚合物层并与它共延伸的第二聚合物层。第一层包含有效反光的添加剂，第二层置于第一层与沥青薄膜层之间，并且至少为一层的聚合物薄膜作为耐油和油不能渗透的隔离层而被置于载片的第一层与沥青薄膜层之间，耐油聚合物薄膜是与第一和第二载片层一起延伸的，因为它是与两载片层的至少一层共挤出的。
本发明的制造可卷的防水薄膜层压材料的典型方法包括以下步骤：通过提供掺有有效反光的反光添加剂的第一聚合物薄膜，将所说的第一薄膜层压到第二薄膜层而形成载体衬底片组件；由共挤出所说的耐油和不渗油的聚合物薄膜与至少一层所说的第一和第二载体衬底片层，而形成至少一层耐油和不渗油的聚合物薄膜；以及设置防水的沥青层，由此将所说的沥青层不可取掉地附着到所说的载体衬底片组件的与掺有反光添加剂的第一聚合物薄膜的相对的一面上。
在下文中将对另外的典型的层压材料与方法作更详细的介绍。
图1是本发明的典型的沥青防水薄膜层压材料的剖面图。
如图1中所示，本发明的典型的防水薄膜层压材料包括一自粘的或压敏的沥青组合物层12，层12通常与载体衬底片组件或结构14相邻接并被不可取掉地粘合到14。术语“不可取掉地粘合”意指沥青层12不能从载体片组体14上去掉而不破坏沥青层12的完整性。
沥青粘合组合物12包括(a)沥青材料和(b)天然或合成的聚合物、优选为橡胶或其他弹性聚合物的混合物。此处所使用的术语“沥青材料”包括含沥青、焦油(例如煤焦油)或木沥青的组合物。沥青粘合剂可用纤维和/或颗粒填料增强。除了通常存在于沥青中的油外，此粘合剂还可含惯用的增量剂例如芳族油。如上文中所说，优选的聚合物组分是被掺入到沥青中的橡胶，橡胶可以是原胶或合成橡胶(例如，SBS、SBR)，和在高温时优选的增量油，以形成平滑的混合物。
如已提到过那样，沥青粘合层至少在其远离载体衬底片14的表面，最好在常温下是压敏性的和粘性的，以便它能自粘到底基表面(例如，地基、混凝土面板、屋面)。沥青层12起形成连续的防水层作用，在高和低的温度下它是弹性和自封闭性的，以便防止穿孔。最好沥青层12的厚度为10-200密耳，并且更优选为约30-60密耳。
衬底载体片组件或结构14在层压材料10中用作赋予强度和衬底的薄膜，并且起防止水蒸汽穿透层压材料的隔离层作用。最好，载体片组件14的厚度小于沥青防水粘合层12的厚度。然而，载体片组件14应具有足够的厚度，以便赋予层压材料10以耐撕裂性和耐穿孔性。载体片组件14的优选厚度为约1-50密耳(0.001-0.050英寸)。
载体片组件14包括第一聚合物层16和第二聚合物层18，层18可被层压到第一层16。层16和层18的尺寸稳定性可能并且通常会受到沥青薄膜12中的油的不良影响，特别是当层压材料10在如作为屋面面层时遭遏到的被曝露于高温下的情况中。第一层16和第二层18可由聚烯烃薄膜例如聚乙烯组成，并且薄膜可被单轴取向、双轴取向或交叉层压，如现有技术中所知那样。
在本发明中，第一载体片层16处于第二载体层18的与沥青层12相对的一面上，它进一步包括至少一种的用于反射可见光的添加剂。最好，添加剂17赋予第一聚合物层16以白色或稍带白色。此添加剂可选自二氧化钛、碳酸钙、和氧化锌。优选为二氧化钛。
如现有技术中所知，至少有一层耐油和不透油的合成聚合物层20处于第一层16与沥青层12之间。在一种制造第二聚合物层18的优选方法中，至少有一层不透油的合成聚合物层薄膜20是与第二聚合物层18一起被共挤出的。如果仅有一层不透油的聚合物层20与第二聚合物层18一起共挤出的话，隔油层20可以这样定位以致它处于第一载体片层16和第二载体片层18之间或处于两载体层16和18与沥青层12之间。在另一实施方案中，不透油的聚合物层20可与第一层16一起共挤出，并且这样设置，以致当它们被层压在一起时，不透油的聚合物层20处于两聚物载体层16与18之间。
在另一典型的实施方案中，至少一层不透油隔离薄膜层20可与两载体片层16和18中的每一层一起被共挤出。许多可能情况被预见，并且每种预期的情况均处于本发明的范围内。于是，通过将不透油的薄膜层与所说的第一层16和第二聚合物层18中每一层共挤出，或通过将在第二聚合物载体层18的反面的不透油层共挤出，载体片结构14能具有处于层16、18和12中每一层之间的不透油隔离层20。
在另一些典型的实施方案中，油隔离薄膜20可被挤出贴面在第一聚合物薄膜层16和第二聚合物薄膜层18的每一层上，并且位于这两层16/18相对的面上。当然，一或多层的油隔离薄膜层20可位于第一层16和第二聚合物层18之间。另一些典型的实施方案包括位于第一和第二聚合物片层16和18中每一层的两面上的油隔离薄膜层20。在载体片组件14中以对称方式设置一层或多层的不透油层20的优点是在超长时间内增加尺寸的稳定性。
耐油聚合物层20可以是任何已知的聚合物材料，它相对于衬底片件、特别相对于最外面的第一聚合物层16，起油道隔离层作用。合适的耐油聚合物层20的材料可包括诸如聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚偏二氯乙烯、以及薄膜包装技术领域中已知的其他可共挤塑的薄膜材料。聚合物层20的材料还可含有改善其性质的添加剂。
在另外一些的典型实施方案中，正如涂料技术中所知，光吸收剂优选为炭黑，可被掺入到被挤出形成聚合物衬底片层18的聚合物中，和/或处于顶面的第一层16之下的不可透油层20中和沥青层12中。因此，第一聚合物层16含有反光添加剂例如二氧化钛，这样它能反射光和减少太阳能的增热，而第二载体片层18和/或耐油隔离层20(处于例如邻近沥青层12和/或第一聚合物层16与沥青层12之间)含有吸光材料，例如炭黑，以将太阳能到沥青层的透射率减低到最小。当防水层压材料10被设置在被保护的底基表面(未示出)时，光吸收材料19有效地阻止可见光或紫外光对沥青组合物12的影响。
此处所介绍的各组分的新选择和新排列之优点是降低来自太阳光的增热、特别在南方地带气候条件下的增热，由此提高层压材料的尺寸特性，并且消除油类、特别是芳族油迁移到薄膜复合材料中，不然这种迁移会导致反射率降低和对尺寸稳定性产生不利影响。此外，由于降低层压材料中的透光率，太阳能对沥青化合物的影响被减低到最小。
虽然并不是必须的，但最好使用多于一层的不透油聚合物层20，衬底载体组件14应以对称排列方式使用，以便将由于在第一和第二层16/18中和在不透油的聚合物层20中使用不同材料所引起的蜷曲或其他变形减少到最低程度。例如，防水薄膜层材料10可以包括载体片组件14，组件14包括层压在一起的第一和第二片层16和18，它们的每一层是通过在二层聚乙烯薄膜之间共挤出不透油的聚合物薄膜而形成的。现有技术中所知的增粘涂层粘合剂可被用于粘合与里面的不透油层一起共挤出的此两层聚乙烯层。
本发明的另一个优点是提供简单而成本低的制造防水薄膜层压材料10的方法。于是，一种制造防水薄膜层压材料10的典型方法包括以下步骤：通过提供掺有用来反射光的添加剂17的第一聚合物薄膜16，将所说的第一薄膜16层压到通常与所说的第一薄膜16一起共挤出的第二薄膜18，而形成载体衬底片组件14；通过共挤出所说的聚合物薄膜20与至少一层所说的第一层16和/或第二层18载体衬底片层，而形成至少为一层的耐油和不透油的聚合物薄膜20；设置防水的沥青层12，由此，在与掺有反光剂17的第一聚合物薄膜相对的一面，将所说的沥青层不可取掉地连接到所说的载片组件14。当人们注意到使用相容粘合剂以另外方式将二个分离的层层压在一起的过多的连续的必要步骤时，共挤出所说的不透油层确实是具有结构和方法上意义的。另一些典型方法包括这样的步骤：在挤出所说的层18/20之前，将光吸收材料18(优选为炭黑)掺入到所说的第二载体片18和/或至少为一层的不透油层20的两者或其中之一中。
制造防水薄膜层压材料的另一种典型方法包括这样的步骤：将掺有反光剂(例如二氧化钛)的、优选是由聚乙烯组成的第一聚合物层与作为耐油和不透油隔离层的第二聚合物层一起共挤出，所说的隔离层包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚酰胺、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚偏二氯乙烯、或它们的混合物，并且所说的不透油层另外还包括炭黑；以及在其上设置相连的不可取掉地粘合的防水沥青粘合层。
对熟练技术人员来说，鉴于此处公开的内容对本发明作出种种变型和改进是显而易见的，因此，本发明的范围并不局限于上述任何一个典型或优选的实施方案，提供这些实施方案的目的仅仅是为了说明本发明。

Claims (16)

1.一种防水结构表面用的可卷的、预成型的薄膜层压材料，包括：
一层其中含油的柔性防水和防水自粘的沥青薄膜层；和
一层不可取掉地粘合到所说的沥青层上的聚合物衬底载体片结构，所说的载体片结构包括第一聚合物层、与所说的第一层共挤出的第二聚合物层，所说的第一层含有有效反光的添加剂，所说的第二层处于所说的第一层和所说的沥青薄膜层之间，并且有至少为一层的耐油和不透油的合成聚合物薄膜层被置于所说的载体片第一层和所说的沥青薄膜层之间，所说的至少为一层的不透油的聚合物薄膜与至少为一层的所说的第一和第二载体片聚合物层一起被共挤出。
2.根据权利要求1的防水薄膜层压材料，其中所说的载体片的第一和第二聚合物层彼此交叉层压，并且包含聚乙烯。
3.权利要求2的防水薄膜层压材料，其中所说的被共挤出的耐油聚合物层包括选自聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、以及聚酰胺的材料。
4.根据权利要求1的防水薄膜层压材料，其中被掺入到所说的第一载体片聚合物层中的反光添加剂包括一种选自二氧化钛、碳酸钙、氧化锌的材料。
5.根据权利要求4的防水薄膜层压材料，其中所说的第二载体片聚合物层另外还包含炭黑。
6.权利要求4的防水薄膜层压材料，其中所说的不透油的聚合物层另外还包含炭黑。
7.权利要求1的防水薄膜层压材料，其中所说的第一和第二聚合物载体层中的每一层另外还包含二氧化钛，并且所说的至少为一层的不透油的、共挤出的聚合物层另外还包括一种选自聚酰胺和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的材料。
8.权利要求7的防水薄膜层压材料，其中所说的不透油的、共挤出的聚合物层另外还包含在共挤出所说的载体片层之前已被掺入到所说的不透油聚合物中的炭黑。
9.权利要求1的防水薄膜层压材料，其中所说的不透油聚合物层处于所说的第一和第二载体片层之间。
10.权利要求9的防水薄膜层压材料，另外包括已与所说的第一和第二载体片结构聚合物层之一一起共挤出的第二不透油的聚合物薄膜层。
11.权利要求10的方法薄膜层压材料，包括至少为二层的不透油聚合物薄膜层，不透油的聚合物薄膜层与所说的第一和第二载体片结构聚合物层的每一层毗邻。
12.权利要求11的防水薄膜层压材料，其中所说的两层不透油的聚合物薄膜层位于所说的第一和第二载体片结构聚合物层的相对的表面上。
13.权利要求1的防水薄膜层压材料，其中所说的载体衬底片结构的所说的第一和第二层彼此被相互取向。
14.一种制造可卷的防水薄膜层压材料的方法，包括以下步骤：提供掺有有效反光添加剂的第一聚合物薄膜、将所说的第一薄膜层压到与其共挤出的第二薄膜而形成载体衬底中结构；提供至少为一层的耐油和不透油的聚合物薄膜，它是通过将所说的耐油和不透油的聚合物薄膜与至少为一层的所说的第一和第二载体衬底片层共挤出而提供的；提供防水沥青层，由此在与掺有所说的反光添加剂第一聚合物薄膜的相对的一面上将所说的沥青层不可取掉地粘附到所说的载体衬底片组件。
15.权利要求14的方法，另外包括以下步骤：在至少为一层的所说的第二衬底载体片结构层和所说的至少为一层的不透油的聚合物薄膜中提供光吸光剂。
16.一种制造防水薄膜层压材料的方法，包括以下步骤：将优选由聚乙烯组成的、掺有反光添加剂的第一聚合物层与用作耐油和不透油隔离层的第二聚合物层一起共挤出，所说的隔离层包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰胺、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚偏二氯乙烯、或它们的混合物，并且另外还包含炭黑；并在其上设置有邻接的防水沥青粘合层。
CN95118670A 1994-09-28 1995-09-27 隔油、防水的薄膜层压材料 Expired - Fee Related CN1063390C (zh)

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AU689308B2 (en) 1998-03-26
CA2159276A1 (en) 1996-03-29
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