CN112708359A - 一种高分子预铺防水卷材 - Google Patents
一种高分子预铺防水卷材 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高分子预铺防水卷材，涉及防水卷材技术领域所述高分子预铺防水卷材包括高分子片材和高分子胶粘剂层，所述高分子胶粘剂层形成在高分子片材上。通过采用水性保护层，一方面有机硅橡胶乳液分子主链为‑Si‑O‑键、以单价有机基团为侧基的线性高分子，有机硅橡胶是所有橡胶中使用温度范围最宽的，有优异的耐臭氧老化、耐氧老化、耐光老化和天侯老化性能，另一方面，加入的气相二氧化硅具有极强的紫外线吸收、红外光反射特性，添加在涂料中能提高涂料的抗老化性能，另外表面的硅醇键与混凝土里的钙离子产生化学反应，加强预铺卷材与混凝土的粘结，达到协同粘结效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防水卷材技术领域，具体为一种高分子预铺防水卷材。
背景技术
我国城镇化水平不断提高的过程中，各类“城市病”是多数城市必须面对的难题，城市地下空间的开发利用成为各个城市解决这一问题的有效途径，在这样的背景下，我国城市地下空间开发利用从21世纪起进入快速发展阶段，十几年来地下空间利用增长迅猛，成就斐然，随着地下交通枢纽、地下商业、地下多层公共停车场、住宅小区地下停车场等地下空间的大规模开发，暴露出越来越多的地下建筑的防水问题，地下防水已上升到关系建筑安全的地位，越来越受到各方面的关注。
预铺防水卷材系统和施工技术，可实现在底板及无施工空间侧墙部位与结构混凝土形成满粘，提供最佳的防水效果。
目前高分子预铺防水卷材以高分子材料为主体材料，单面覆有高分子热熔压敏胶，热熔压敏胶层上覆有耐紫外线的颗粒保护层组成。市面上颗粒保护层大多为砂粒保护层，主要有水泥合成砂、天然矿物砂（比如莫莱沙）、石英砂等，其中莫莱沙和石英砂都是天然砂。砂粒保护层的缺点是生产时将砂粒通过压辊挤压到压敏胶表面，车间污染大，对压辊设备和工艺要求高；砂粒多，卷材也显得更重，运输成本大。
中国发明专利CN102774057公开了一种高分子预铺防水卷材，其保护层主要材质为含硅不饱和羧酸改性丁基橡胶，该含硅不饱和羧酸改性丁基橡胶通过在丁基橡胶分子上接枝不饱和羧酸并随后混入活性二氧化硅得到。其主要特点为所述含硅不饱和羧酸改性丁基橡胶的制备方法为：使丁基橡胶和不饱和羧酸在自由基引发剂存在下，在溶剂中以及温度60°C -80°C下保温反应广3小时，加入活性二氧化硅，混匀，即得所述含硅不饱和羧酸改性丁基橡胶的溶液，此发明缺点就是生产过程中使用有机溶剂，污染大不环保。
中国发明专利CN102604496B公开了一种预铺防水卷材用保护层，快干可薄涂型丙烯酸保护涂料，主要由水、助溶剂、丙烯酸类乳液、填料、快干剂、疏孔剂、分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、流平剂、增稠剂等组成，丙烯酸材料本身并不耐候，通常在紫外线老化后失去粘接，因为预铺卷材施工后如因工期拖延，在紫外线和风雨的作用下，失去与后浇混凝土粘接的效果而导致整个防水系统报废。
因此，需要一种高分子预铺防水卷材来解决上述问题。
发明内容
（一）解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种高分子预铺防水卷材，克服现有技术的不足，提供一种高耐候水性涂层型预铺高分子防水卷材，此卷材生产过程中环保高效，耐候性能好不怕工期拖延带来的粘接难问题，能够显著提高预铺卷材的防水效果。
（二）技术方案
为达到以上目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：一种高分子预铺防水卷材，所述高分子预铺防水卷材包括高分子片材和高分子胶粘剂层，所述高分子胶粘剂层形成在高分子片材上，所述高分子预铺防水卷材还包括覆设在所述高分子胶粘剂层上的保护层，所述高分子片材的材质为高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、热塑性聚烯烃（TPO）或乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)；
所述高分子胶粘剂层的主体成分为合成橡胶胶粘剂；
所述保护层的材质为水性耐候保护橡胶涂层，所述水性耐候保护橡胶涂层为有机硅橡胶乳液与无机光稳定剂混合而成。
优选的，所述高分子胶粘剂层由高分子胶粘剂涂覆在所述高分子片材上形成，所述高分子胶粘剂由合成橡胶、增塑剂、增粘树脂、抗氧剂、光稳定剂共混而成。
优选的，所述高分子胶粘剂中各组份的含量如下：合成橡胶25%-35%、增塑剂20%-30%、增粘树脂40%-55%、抗氧剂0.3%-0.5%、紫外稳定剂0.3%-0.5%。
优选的，所述合成橡胶为热塑性弹性体橡胶SIS和SBS、聚异丁烯橡胶及其中的一种或多种的组合。
优选的，所述保护层的无机光稳定剂包括纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛及其中的一种或多种的组合。
（三）有益效果
本发明的有益效果在于：
1.该高分子预铺防水卷材，通过采用水性保护层，一方面有机硅橡胶乳液分子主链为-Si-O-键、以单价有机基团为侧基的线性高分子，有机硅橡胶是所有橡胶中使用温度范围最宽的，有优异的耐臭氧老化、耐氧老化、耐光老化和天侯老化性能，另一方面，加入的气相二氧化硅具有极强的紫外线吸收、红外光反射特性，添加在涂料中能提高涂料的抗老化性能，另外表面的硅醇键与混凝土里的钙离子产生化学反应，可加强预铺卷材与混凝土的粘结，达到协同粘结效果。
2.该高分子预铺防水卷材，通过将保护层涂覆到高分子胶粘剂表面后，工人就可以在卷材表面绑扎钢筋，可防止粘脚，保护层还可以避免因工期拖延，在紫外线和风雨的作用下，预铺卷材失去粘接的效果。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种高分子预铺防水卷材，高分子预铺防水卷材包括高分子片材和高分子胶粘剂层，高分子胶粘剂层形成在高分子片材上，的高分子预铺防水卷材还包括覆设在高分子胶粘剂层上的保护层，高分子片材的材质为高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、热塑性聚烯烃（TPO）或乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)；
高分子胶粘剂层的主体成分为合成橡胶胶粘剂；
保护层的材质为水性耐候保护橡胶涂层，水性耐候保护橡胶涂层为有机硅橡胶乳液与无机光稳定剂混合而成。
高分子胶粘剂层由高分子胶粘剂涂覆在高分子片材上形成，高分子胶粘剂由合成橡胶、增塑剂、增粘树脂、抗氧剂、光稳定剂共混而成。
高分子胶粘剂中各组份的含量如下：合成橡胶25%-35%、增塑剂20%-30%、增粘树脂40%-55%、抗氧剂0.3%-0.5%、紫外稳定剂0.3%-0.5%。
合成橡胶为热塑性弹性体橡胶SIS和SBS、聚异丁烯橡胶及其中的一种或多种的组合。
保护层的无机光稳定剂包括纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛及其中的一种或多种的组合。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种高分子预铺防水卷材。高分子预铺防水卷材具有三层结构。具体地说，高分子预铺防水卷材包括高分子片材、覆设在所述高分子片材上的高分子胶粘剂层以及覆设在高分子胶粘剂层上的保护层。
高分子片材为由高密度聚乙烯粒料通过高低速混合进入到双螺杆挤出机经模头定型制成厚度为0.9mm的防水片材。控制双螺杆挤出机各区段温度，加料段温度为室温，压缩段110-140 ℃，计量段180℃。
高分子胶粘剂层的形成方法为：按照SIS橡胶：环烷油：加氢碳五石油树脂=3 ：2 ：5的重量比例，抗氧剂1010、168、紫外稳定剂B225分别按照总量的0.5%、0.5%、0.5%加入到热熔胶反应釜170℃混合3小时后分散至均匀，通过挤出机口模涂覆到高分子片材上。
保护层的材质为水性耐候保护有机硅橡胶涂层，该涂层通过将无机光稳定剂和有机硅橡胶乳液混合而得。其形成方法如下：
在高速分散机中，加入10份（重量）有机硅橡胶乳液、15份填料、0.05份分散剂、0.5份气相二氧化硅（瓦克H20）、5份水，1200转/min高速分散混匀，得到水性耐候保护有机硅橡胶涂层的涂料，涂覆在高分子胶粘层上，厚度约为50μmm，热风烘干成型即得。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种高分子预铺防水卷材。高分子预铺防水卷材具有三层结构。具体地说，高分子预铺防水卷材包括高分子片材、覆设在所述高分子片材上的高分子胶粘剂层以及覆设在高分子胶粘剂层上的保护层。
高分子片材为由高密度聚乙烯粒料通过高低速混合进入到双螺杆挤出机经模头定型制成厚度为0.9mm的防水片材。控制双螺杆挤出机各区段温度，加料段温度为室温， 压缩段110-140 ℃，计量段180℃。
高分子胶粘剂层的形成方法为：按照SIS橡胶：环烷油：加氢碳五石油树脂=3 ：2 ：5的重量比例，抗氧剂1010、168、紫外稳定剂B225分别按照总量的0.5%、0.5%、0.5%加入到热熔胶反应釜170℃混合3小时后分散至均匀，通过挤出机口模涂覆到高分子片材上。
保护层的材质为水性耐候保护有机硅橡胶涂层，该涂层通过有机硅橡胶乳液与碳酸钙混合而得。其形成方法如下：
在高速分散机中，加入10份（重量）有机硅橡胶乳液、15份填料、0.05份分散剂、5份水，1200转/min高速分散混匀，得到水性耐候保护有机硅橡胶涂层的涂料，涂覆在高分子胶粘层上，厚度约为50μmm，热风烘干成型即得。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种高分子预铺防水卷材，其结构同实施例1。不同的是，其中：保护层3的材质为丙烯酸橡胶乳液，保护层的形成方法如下：
在高速分散机中，加入10份（重量）丙烯酸橡胶乳液、15份填料、0.05份分散剂、5份水，1200转/min高速分散混匀，得到水性丙烯酸橡胶涂层的涂料，涂覆在高分子胶粘层上，厚度约为50μmm，热风烘干成型即得。
按照GB/T23457-2019标准，对实施例1-2以及对比例1-2的高分子预铺防水卷材的后浇混凝土剥离强度和紫外线处理10后的剥离强度进行了测试，结果参见表l。
表 1
| 测试项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 对比例1 |
| 与后浇混凝土剥离强度，N/mm | 2.6 | 2.56 | 2.15 |
| 紫外线处理后剥离强度，N/mm | 2.3 | 1.56 | 未粘接 |
从表1中数据来看，对比例1中用于形成的保护层的是丙烯酸橡胶乳液，使得其紫外线处理后与后浇混凝土根本无粘结。实施例1中用于形成的保护层的有机硅橡胶乳液的耐候性有极大的提高，紫外处理后的剥离强度值为1.56N/mm，高于标准要求。根据本发明的实施例1的防水卷材与后浇混凝土紫外处理前后的剥离强度相较对实施例2又进一步提高，加入的气相二氧化硅具有极强的紫外线吸收、红外光反射特性，提高抗紫外线老化型；同时气相二氧化硅中的硅醇键与混凝土里的钙离子产生化学反应，又加强预铺卷材与混凝土的粘结，达到协同粘结效果。因此，根据本发明的高分子预铺防水卷材具有优异的物理力学性能，有利于推广应用。
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种高分子预铺防水卷材，所述高分子预铺防水卷材包括高分子片材和高分子胶粘剂层，其特征在于：所述高分子胶粘剂层形成在高分子片材上，所述高分子预铺防水卷材还包括覆设在所述高分子胶粘剂层上的保护层，所述高分子片材的材质为高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、热塑性聚烯烃（TPO）或乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)；
所述高分子胶粘剂层的主体成分为合成橡胶胶粘剂；
所述保护层的材质为水性耐候保护橡胶涂层，所述水性耐候保护橡胶涂层为有机硅橡胶乳液与无机光稳定剂混合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高分子预铺防水卷材，其特征在于：所述高分子胶粘剂层由高分子胶粘剂涂覆在所述高分子片材上形成，所述高分子胶粘剂由合成橡胶、增塑剂、增粘树脂、抗氧剂、光稳定剂共混而成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高分子预铺防水卷材，其特征在于：所述高分子胶粘剂中各组份的含量如下：合成橡胶25%-35%、增塑剂20%-30%、增粘树脂40%-55%、抗氧剂0.3%-0.5%、紫外稳定剂0.3%-0.5%。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种高分子预铺防水卷材，其特征在于：所述合成橡胶为热塑性弹性体橡胶SIS和SBS、聚异丁烯橡胶及其中的一种或多种的组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高分子预铺防水卷材，其特征在于：所述保护层的无机光稳定剂包括纳米二氧化硅、纳米二氧化钛及其中的一种或多种的组合。
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