CN112753899A - 一种增强南美白对虾抗逆性的复合抗逆添加剂、配合饲料及其应用 - Google Patents
一种增强南美白对虾抗逆性的复合抗逆添加剂、配合饲料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种增强南美白对虾抗逆性的复合抗逆添加剂、配合饲料及其应用,以重量份数计,所述饲料包括:鱼粉10~15份、虾壳粉3~8份、发酵豆粕10~20份、花生仁饼7~12份、棉籽蛋白8~12份、菜粕4~10份、玉米蛋白粉5~10份、鱿鱼膏2~5份、面粉15~25份、鱼油1~4份、大豆磷脂油1~3份、磷酸二氢钙1~2份、氯化胆碱0.2~0.5份、复合抗逆添加剂1~2份、L‑赖氨酸0.2~1份、DL‑蛋氨酸0.1~1份、多维添加剂0.2~0.4份、多矿添加剂1~2份、诱食剂0.5~2份、抗氧化剂0.02~0.04份、防霉剂0.03~0.06份。本发明的饲料具有鱼粉含量低、饵料系数低、饲料成本低、水中稳定性好等特点,能够增强南美白对虾的抗应激能力,促进进食,提高其生长速度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产虾类饲料领域,具体涉及一种增强南美白对虾抗逆性的复合抗逆添加剂、配合饲料及其应用。
背景技术
南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),俗称白脚虾(White-leg shrimp)或白对虾(White shrimp),外形酷似中国对虾、墨吉对虾,是世界养殖产量最高的三大虾类之一。1988年中国科学院海洋研究所从美国夏威夷引进中国,由于其生长快,抗病能力强,适应能力强,已成为我国重要的海水及咸淡水养殖虾类,养殖范围普及全国,目前主要分布在南方沿海地区,是我国养殖产量最大的虾类品种之一。
南美白对虾在营养需求上除了满足生长及保证成活率,还有很重要的一点在于对外界的应激抵抗能力。近年来,由于南美白对虾规模化养殖的扩大,养殖密度增加,池塘水体氨氮含量呈增长趋势,养殖后期氨氮含量超出安全浓度,而水体溶氧(DO)量呈下降趋势,养殖后期化学需氧量(COD)较高。养殖水体中较高氨氮含量、较低溶解氧含量会严重影响对虾的生长、蜕皮和自身渗透压调节,造成对虾免疫力、抗病力下降,出现摄食率降低、生长缓慢、死亡率高等问题,严重阻碍了对虾养殖产业的健康发展。因此开发一种能够有效增强对虾抗逆性、消除或者缓解环境胁迫影响的添加剂或饲料成为当前南美白对虾产业可持续发展的一个重要突破。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明旨在提供一种增强南美白对虾抗逆性的复合抗逆添加剂、配合饲料及其应用,所述复合抗逆添加剂能够增强南美白对虾的抗逆性,所述配合饲料具有鱼粉含量低、饵料系数低、饲料成本低、水中稳定性好等特点,能够增强南美白对虾的抗逆性,促进进食,提高其生长速度。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种增强南美白对虾抗逆性的复合抗逆添加剂,以重量百分比计,包括以下组分:酵母核苷酸15%、蛋氨酸硒1%、绿原酸15%、腐殖酸钠20%,余量为稻壳粉。
本发明另一方面还提供:一种增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料,所述配合饲料包括如上所述的复合抗逆添加剂。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述配合饲料还包括以下组分:鱼粉、虾壳粉、发酵豆粕、花生仁饼、棉籽蛋白、菜粕、玉米蛋白粉、鱿鱼膏、面粉、鱼油、大豆磷脂油、磷酸二氢钙、氯化胆碱、L-赖氨酸、DL-蛋氨酸、多维添加剂、多矿添加剂。
上述配合饲料中虾壳粉的虾青素、发酵豆粕的益生素、鱼油中高含量的高不饱和脂肪酸物质及大豆磷脂油的卵磷脂等物质能与本发明的复合抗逆添加剂协同增强其抗逆性。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述配合饲料还包括诱食剂、抗氧化剂和防霉剂。
作为一种优选的技术方案,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉10~15份、虾壳粉3~8份、发酵豆粕10~20份、花生仁饼7~12份、棉籽蛋白8~12份、菜粕4~10份、玉米蛋白粉5~10份、鱿鱼膏2~5份、面粉15~25份、鱼油1~4份、大豆磷脂油1~3份、磷酸二氢钙1~2份、氯化胆碱0.2~0.5份、复合抗逆添加剂1~2份、L-赖氨酸0.2~1份、DL-蛋氨酸0.1~1份、多维添加剂0.2~0.4份、多矿添加剂1~2份、诱食剂0.5~2份、抗氧化剂0.02~0.04份、防霉剂0.03~0.06份。
按重量百分比计,上述饲料的营养成分组成为:粗蛋白40~43%、粗脂肪7~10%、总糖15~25%、粗纤维5~9%、灰分9~14%、盐分1~3%、总磷1~2%、水分8~12%。
作为一种优选的技术方案,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉13份、虾壳粉5份、发酵豆粕14份、花生仁饼9份、棉籽蛋白8份、菜粕5份、玉米蛋白粉8份、鱿鱼膏5份、面粉21.8份、鱼油2.5份、大豆磷脂油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.5份、复合抗逆添加剂1.5份、L-赖氨酸0.3份、DL-蛋氨酸0.3份、多维添加剂0.3份、多矿添加剂1份、诱食剂0.7份、抗氧化剂0.04份、防霉剂0.06份。
作为一种优选的技术方案,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉15份、虾壳粉4份、发酵豆粕12份、花生仁饼8.5份、棉籽蛋白9份、菜粕9份、玉米蛋白粉7份、鱿鱼膏4份、面粉20.2份、鱼油2.2份、大豆磷脂油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.5份、复合抗逆添加剂1.5份、L-赖氨酸0.2份、DL-蛋氨酸0.2份、多维添加剂0.3份、多矿添加剂1份、诱食剂0.7份、抗氧化剂0.04份、防霉剂0.06份。
作为一种优选的技术方案,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉10份、虾壳粉7份、发酵豆粕16份、花生仁饼12份、棉籽蛋白8份、菜粕4份、玉米蛋白粉9份、鱿鱼膏5份、面粉18.1份、鱼油2.7份、大豆磷脂油2.4份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.5份、复合抗逆添加剂1.5份、L-赖氨酸0.4份、DL-蛋氨酸0.3份、多维添加剂0.3份、多矿添加剂1份、诱食剂0.7份、抗氧化剂0.04份、防霉剂0.06份。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述复合多维多矿添加剂包括复合矿物盐和复合维生素;
每千克饲料中所含的复合矿物盐包括:钙1g、磷1g、钾80g、镁20g、铁1.5g、锌18g、铜18g、钴0.2g、碘50mg、硒3.9mg,其余为沸石粉;
每千克饲料中所含的复合维生素包括:维生素A 20g、维生素D3 6g、维生素E 70g、维生素K3 6g、维生素B1 0.5g、维生素B2 15g、维生素B6 3g、维生素B12 2g、维生素H 0.1g、烟酸3g、泛酸钙40g、叶酸0.5g、肌醇200g、VC单磷酸脂360g,其余为稻壳粉。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述诱食剂包括甜菜碱。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述抗氧化剂包括乙氧基喹啉。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述防霉剂包括丙酸钙。
作为一种优选的技术方案,所述饲料的制备方法包括:按重量份数称取各组分原料,充分混合并粉碎,使得粉碎物均能通过80~100目筛网,得到超微粉碎物,将超微粉碎物送入调质器,使用温度为100~105℃的蒸汽调质3~3.5分钟,之后送入制粒机制粒,再经过后熟化器110℃熟化60分钟后经冷却器冷却,即得。
本发明另一方面还提供如上所述的增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料在南美白对虾养殖中的应用。
本发明饲料配方科学、营养全面,饲料中含有丰富的蛋白质、能量和其它营养成分,能够满足南美白对虾生长全过程的营养需求,可促进虾体快速生长,提高养殖的成活率,所使用的复合抗逆添加剂增强了对虾的抗应激能力和抗病力。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明的复合抗逆添加剂可增强南美白对虾的抗应激能力和抗病力;
2、本发明饲料中的复合抗逆添加剂可提高南美白对虾的抗氧化水平,提高机体的免疫力和抗病力,调节对虾自身渗透压并改善养殖水环境,保证养殖的成活率;
3、本发明饲料通过多种植物蛋白原料搭配替代部分鱼粉,并适当补充一些必须氨基酸,克服了单一蛋白源氨基酸不平衡的问题,更加符合南美白对虾的氨基酸营养需求,可有效促进虾体合成自身的体蛋白,加速其生长速度;
4、本发明饲料大幅减少了鱼粉的用量,降低了对鱼粉的依赖,降低了饲料的成本,从而提高养殖的经济效益;
5、本发明饲料通过甜菜碱作为诱食剂,同时鱿鱼膏对南美白对虾也具有良好的诱食效果,饲料整体具有较好的适口性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。在未作说明的情况下,本发明所采用的试剂、设备和方法均为本技术领域常规市购的试剂、设备和常规使用的方法。
实施例1
一种增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料,以重量份数计,包括以下组分:鱼粉13份、虾壳粉5份、发酵豆粕14份、花生仁饼9份、棉籽蛋白8份、菜粕5份、玉米蛋白粉8份、鱿鱼膏5份、面粉21.8份、鱼油2.5份、大豆磷脂油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.5份、复合抗逆添加剂1.5份、L-赖氨酸0.3份、DL-蛋氨酸0.3份、多维添加剂0.3份、多矿添加剂1份、甜菜碱0.7份、乙氧基喹啉0.04份、丙酸钙0.06份。
按重量百分比计,所述复合抗逆添加剂包括:酵母核苷酸15%、蛋氨酸硒1%、绿原酸15%、腐殖酸钠20%,余量为稻壳粉。
制备方法:按重量份数称取各组分原料,充分混合并粉碎,再将粉碎后的原料经制粒、烘干,打包装袋,即得。
实施例2
一种增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料,以重量份数计,包括以下组分:鱼粉15份、虾壳粉4份、发酵豆粕12份、花生仁饼8.5份、棉籽蛋白9份、菜粕9份、玉米蛋白粉7份、鱿鱼膏4份、面粉20.2份、鱼油2.2份、大豆磷脂油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.5份、复合抗逆添加剂1.5份、L-赖氨酸0.2份、DL-蛋氨酸0.2份、多维添加剂0.3份、多矿添加剂1份、甜菜碱0.7份、乙氧基喹啉0.04份、丙酸钙0.06份。
按重量百分比计,所述复合抗逆添加剂包括:酵母核苷酸15%、蛋氨酸硒1%、绿原酸15%、腐殖酸钠20%,余量为稻壳粉。
制备方法同实施例1,在此不赘述。
实施例3
一种增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料,以重量份数计,包括以下组分:鱼粉10份、虾壳粉7份、发酵豆粕16份、花生仁饼12份、棉籽蛋白8份、菜粕4份、玉米蛋白粉9份、鱿鱼膏5份、面粉18.1份、鱼油2.7份、大豆磷脂油2.4份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.5份、复合抗逆添加剂1.5份、L-赖氨酸0.4份、DL-蛋氨酸0.3份、多维添加剂0.3份、多矿添加剂1份、甜菜碱0.7份、乙氧基喹啉0.04份、丙酸钙0.06份。
按重量百分比计,所述复合抗逆添加剂包括:酵母核苷酸15%、蛋氨酸硒1%、绿原酸15%、腐殖酸钠20%,余量为稻壳粉。
制备方法同实施例1,在此不赘述。
实施例1~3所得饲料的蛋白含量约为40-42%,脂肪含量约为7-9%,可充分满足南美白对虾的生长需要,同时甜菜碱、鱿鱼膏等能够提高饲料的适口性,保证摄食,复合抗逆添加剂可增强对虾的抗应激能力。
对比例
一种普通南美白对虾配合饲料,以重量份数计,包括以下组分:鱼粉30份、豆粕23份、虾壳粉3份、花生麸10份、棉籽蛋白4份、菜粕4份、小麦面粉20份、鱼油1份、豆油1份、大豆磷脂油1份、磷酸二氢钙1份、抗氧化剂及防霉剂2份。
试验例1
将实施例1~3所得的配合饲料与对比例的普通配合饲料进行对照试验,挑选体质健壮、规格基本一致的南美白对虾400尾,随机分为4组,每组100尾,初始体重均重为0.3g,分别饲喂实施例1~3的饲料与对比例的普通南美白对虾配合饲料。其中,饲喂对比例饲料的南美白对虾组别为对照组,饲喂实施例1饲料的南美白对虾组别为试验组1,饲喂实施例2饲料的南美白对虾组别为试验组2,饲喂实施例3饲料的南美白对虾组别为试验组3。每组设3个重复,试验期56天。
实验结束后,取各组南美白对虾,称量单个体重,计算增重率(增重率=(末重-初重)/初重*100%)、料比(料比=饲料消耗量/鱼体增重)和存活率(存活率=(实验结束时存活的对虾数量/实验开始时放养的对虾数量)*100%)。实验结果如表1所示。
表1
从表1的结果表明:经过56天的试验,试验组1~3的南美白对虾在增重率、料比和存活率方面与对照组的南美白对虾无明显差异,说明实施例1~3的配合饲料在降低饲料成本的同时,并没有降低饲料的利用率,保证了饲料的品质。
试验例2
挑选体质健壮、规格基本一致的南美白对虾400尾,随机分为4组,每组100尾,分别饲喂实施例1~3的饲料与对比例的普通南美白对虾配合饲料。其中,饲喂对比例饲料的南美白对虾组别为对照组,饲喂实施例1饲料的南美白对虾组别为试验组1,饲喂实施例2饲料的南美白对虾组别为试验组2,饲喂实施例3饲料的南美白对虾组别为试验组3。
在养殖56天以后,对各组南美白对虾进行低温胁迫试验,将水温从28℃下调到15℃,试验共持续5天,每天记录南美白对虾的死亡数量,计算各组成活率。实验结果(各组成活率)如下表2所示。
表2
分组 | 1天 | 2天 | 3天 | 4天 | 5天 |
对照组 | 83% | 62% | 48% | 42% | 28% |
试验组1 | 91% | 76% | 67% | 53% | 38% |
试验组2 | 94% | 79% | 69% | 56% | 40% |
试验组3 | 88% | 73% | 64% | 50% | 36% |
从表2的结果表明:经过5天的低温胁迫试验,试验组1~3南美白对虾的成活率比对照组提高了约10%,说明实施例1~3饲料能够显著提高南美白对虾的抗低温应激能力,提高养殖的存活率。
试验例3
挑选体质健壮、规格基本一致的南美白对虾400尾,随机分为4组,每组100尾,分别饲喂实施例1~3的饲料与对比例的普通南美白对虾配合饲料。其中,饲喂对比例饲料的南美白对虾组别为对照组,饲喂实施例1饲料的南美白对虾组别为试验组1,饲喂实施例2饲料的南美白对虾组别为试验组2,饲喂实施例3饲料的南美白对虾组别为试验组3。
在养殖第56天时,从各组虾群中各挑选90尾对虾,设计3个平行组,每组30尾,将水体溶解氧浓度从9mg/L下调到1mg/L,进行低溶解氧应激胁迫试验。低溶氧胁迫试验共持续48h,每12h记录各组南美白对虾的死亡数量。48h后各组的成活率如表3所示。
表3
分组 | 0h | 12h | 24h | 36h | 48h |
对照组 | 100% | 91.1% | 85.6% | 71.1% | 58.9% |
试验组1 | 100% | 95.6% | 92.2% | 82.2% | 68.9% |
试验组2 | 100% | 97.8% | 93.3% | 85.6% | 72.2% |
试验组3 | 100% | 93.3% | 91.1% | 81.1% | 67.8% |
从表3的结果表明:经过48h的低溶解氧胁迫试验,试验组1~3南美白对虾的成活率(平均69.3%)远远高于对照组南美白对虾的成活率(平均58.9%),说明实施例1~3饲料能够显著提高南美白对虾的抗溶解氧应激能力,提高养殖的存活率。
试验例4
挑选体质健壮、规格基本一致的南美白对虾400尾,随机分为4组,每组100尾,分别饲喂实施例1~3的饲料与对比例的普通南美白对虾配合饲料。其中,饲喂对比例饲料的南美白对虾组别为对照组,饲喂实施例1饲料的南美白对虾组别为试验组1,饲喂实施例2饲料的南美白对虾组别为试验组2,饲喂实施例3饲料的南美白对虾组别为试验组3。
在养殖第56天时,从各组虾群中各挑选90尾南美白对虾,设计3个平行组,每组30尾虾,将水体氨氮浓度从0.3mg/L上调到10mg/L,进行氨氮胁迫试验,试验共持续48h,每12h记录各组南美白对虾的死亡数量。实验结果如下表4所示。
表4
分组 | 0h | 12h | 24h | 36h | 48h |
对照组 | 100% | 92.2% | 85.6% | 71.1% | 65.6% |
试验组1 | 100% | 95.6% | 93.3% | 85.6% | 74.4% |
试验组2 | 100% | 97.8% | 95.6% | 88.9% | 75.6% |
试验组3 | 100% | 94.4% | 91.1% | 83.3% | 73.3 |
从表4的结果表明:经过48h的氨氮胁迫试验,试验组1~3南美白对虾的成活率相比对照组南美白对虾的成活率提高了约8.8%,说明实施例1~3饲料能够显著提高南美白对虾的抗氨氮应激能力,提高养殖的存活率。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳的具体实施例,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种增强南美白对虾抗逆性的复合抗逆添加剂,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,包括以下组分:酵母核苷酸15%、蛋氨酸硒1%、绿原酸15%、腐殖酸钠20%,余量为稻壳粉。
2.一种增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1所述的复合抗逆添加剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料,其特征在于,还包括以下组分:鱼粉、虾壳粉、发酵豆粕、花生仁饼、棉籽蛋白、菜粕、玉米蛋白粉、鱿鱼膏、面粉、鱼油、大豆磷脂油、磷酸二氢钙、氯化胆碱、L-赖氨酸、DL-蛋氨酸、多维添加剂、多矿添加剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料,其特征在于,还包括以下组分:诱食剂、抗氧化剂和防霉剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料,其特征在于,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉10~15份、虾壳粉3~8份、发酵豆粕10~20份、花生仁饼7~12份、棉籽蛋白8~12份、菜粕4~10份、玉米蛋白粉5~10份、鱿鱼膏2~5份、面粉15~25份、鱼油1~4份、大豆磷脂油1~3份、磷酸二氢钙1~2份、氯化胆碱0.2~0.5份、复合抗逆添加剂1~2份、L-赖氨酸0.2~1份、DL-蛋氨酸0.1~1份、多维添加剂0.2~0.4份、多矿添加剂1~2份、诱食剂0.5~2份、抗氧化剂0.02~0.04份、防霉剂0.03~0.06份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料,其特征在于,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉13份、虾壳粉5份、发酵豆粕14份、花生仁饼9份、棉籽蛋白8份、菜粕5份、玉米蛋白粉8份、鱿鱼膏5份、面粉21.8份、鱼油2.5份、大豆磷脂油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.5份、复合抗逆添加剂1.5份、L-赖氨酸0.3份、DL-蛋氨酸0.3份、多维添加剂0.3份、多矿添加剂1份、诱食剂0.7份、抗氧化剂0.04份、防霉剂0.06份。
7.根据权利要求5所述的增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料,其特征在于,各组分的重量份数如下:鱼粉15份、虾壳粉4份、发酵豆粕12份、花生仁饼8.5份、棉籽蛋白9份、菜粕9份、玉米蛋白粉7份、鱿鱼膏4份、面粉20.2份、鱼油2.2份、大豆磷脂油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.5份、复合抗逆添加剂1.5份、L-赖氨酸0.2份、DL-蛋氨酸0.2份、多维添加剂0.3份、多矿添加剂1份、诱食剂0.7份、抗氧化剂0.04份、防霉剂0.06份。
8.根据权利要求5所述的增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料,其特征在于,所述诱食剂包括甜菜碱;所述抗氧化剂包括乙氧基喹啉;所述防霉剂包括丙酸钙。
9.根据权利要求5所述的增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料,其特征在于,制备方法包括:按重量份数称取各组分原料,充分混合并粉碎,使得粉碎物均能通过80~100目筛网,得到超微粉碎物,将超微粉碎物送入调质器,使用温度为100~105℃的蒸汽调质3~3.5分钟,之后送入制粒机制粒,再经过后熟化器110℃熟化60分钟后经冷却器冷却,即得。
10.如权利要求2~9任一项所述的增强南美白对虾抗逆性的配合饲料在南美白对虾养殖中的应用。
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CN116195692A (zh) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-06-02 | 珠海容川饲料有限公司 | 一种斑节对虾饲料及其制备与应用 |
CN115968985A (zh) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-04-18 | 湖南省畜牧水产事务中心 | 一种淡水龙虾抗低温应激饲料及其制备方法与应用 |
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