CN112753508A - Prevention and treatment method for panax notoginseng root rot - Google Patents
Prevention and treatment method for panax notoginseng root rot Download PDFInfo
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- CN112753508A CN112753508A CN201911059677.1A CN201911059677A CN112753508A CN 112753508 A CN112753508 A CN 112753508A CN 201911059677 A CN201911059677 A CN 201911059677A CN 112753508 A CN112753508 A CN 112753508A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating root rot of panax notoginseng, belonging to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The control method is ecological and environment-friendly, is simple and easy to operate, and has stable and continuous control effect on the root rot of the pseudo-ginseng while increasing the soil fertility. The method for regulating and controlling the soil micro-ecological environment by using the biochar can effectively control the occurrence of the root rot of the panax notoginseng, improve the yield of the panax notoginseng and increase the economic benefit and the ecological environmental benefit of the panax notoginseng planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, in particular to a method for preventing and treating root rot of panax notoginseng.
Background
Pseudo-ginseng, also known as pseudo-ginseng, is a perennial herb of panax in araliaceae, is a plant which has strict requirements on environmental conditions in medicinal plants and prefers warmth and wetness in the yin. The unique ecological environment of the plant is easy to induce various diseases, wherein the root rot is the most serious disease.
In the planting of pseudo-ginseng, the pathogenic amount in soil is reduced by using chemical agent fumigation, and the occurrence and prevalence of root rot are controlled. Some chemical agents have certain effects, but have great harm to the environment and potential safety hazards of the production place environment; in addition, in order to control the occurrence and spread of root rot, the grower often increases the pesticide application dosage, which aggravates the problem of pesticide residue. At present, an ecological, environment-friendly, stable and continuous method for preventing and treating root rot of panax notoginseng is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and treating panax notoginseng root rot, which is ecological and environment-friendly, can effectively prevent and treat panax notoginseng root rot and can increase soil fertility.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for preventing and treating root rot of panax notoginseng, which comprises the following steps:
1) measuring the pH value of the pseudo-ginseng planting soil;
2) applying biochar to pseudo-ginseng planting soil according to the pH value;
the biochar comprises charcoal, bamboo charcoal or straw charcoal; applying straw char when the pH value is less than 6.5; when the pH value is more than or equal to 6.5 and less than or equal to 7.5, applying bamboo charcoal; when pH >7.5, charcoal was applied; the application amount of the biochar is 400-600 kg/mu;
the pH value of the straw carbon is 9-9.5, and the EC value of the straw carbon is 7500-8000 us/cm; the pH value of the bamboo charcoal is 7.2-7.8, and the EC value of the bamboo charcoal is 1400-1600 us/cm; the pH value of the charcoal is 6.0-6.5, and the EC value of the charcoal is 520-650 us/cm.
Preferably, the application amount of the biochar in the step 2) is 500 kg/mu.
Preferably, the application mode of the biochar in the step 2) is plowing after broadcasting.
Preferably, the step 2) of applying the biochar to the pseudo-ginseng planting soil further comprises maintaining the humidity of the pseudo-ginseng planting soil at 15% -25% after the application of the biochar to the pseudo-ginseng planting soil and before the application of the biochar to the pseudo-ginseng planting soil.
Preferably, after the biochar is applied to the pseudo-ginseng planting soil in the step 2), planting pseudo-ginseng, and irrigating and fertilizing; the time for planting the pseudo-ginseng is 5-10 days after the biochar is applied.
Preferably, the irrigation quantity of the irrigation is based on the condition that the water content of the soil is kept to be 25% -35%.
Preferably, the fertilization time is the fertilization starting from the seedling emergence amount of the panax notoginseng reaching 70%.
Preferably, the frequency of fertilization is 20-40 d/time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for preventing and treating panax notoginseng root rot, which improves the physical and chemical properties of soil by reasonably adding biochar into the soil, adjusts the micro-ecological environment of the soil, promotes the colonization of beneficial microorganisms, creates a soil environment which is not beneficial to the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and inhibits the growth and the propagation of the pathogenic bacteria in the soil, thereby effectively controlling the occurrence of the panax notoginseng root rot. Moreover, by reasonably adding the biochar into the soil, the soil nutrient can be effectively increased, the water and fertilizer can be preserved, and the yield of the pseudo-ginseng can be effectively increased. The control method is ecological and environment-friendly, is simple and easy to operate, and has stable and continuous control effect on the root rot of the pseudo-ginseng while increasing the soil fertility. The method for regulating and controlling the soil micro-ecological environment by using the biochar can effectively control the occurrence of the root rot of the panax notoginseng, improve the yield of the panax notoginseng and increase the economic benefit and the ecological environmental benefit of the panax notoginseng planting.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating root rot of panax notoginseng, which comprises the following steps:
1) measuring the pH value of the pseudo-ginseng planting soil;
2) applying biochar to pseudo-ginseng planting soil according to the pH value;
the biochar comprises charcoal, bamboo charcoal or straw charcoal; applying straw char when the pH value is less than 6.5; when the pH value is more than or equal to 6.5 and less than or equal to 7.5, applying bamboo charcoal; when pH >7.5, charcoal was applied; the application amount of the biochar is 400-600 kg/mu;
the pH value of the straw carbon is 9-9.5, and preferably 9.3; the EC value of the straw carbon is 7500-8000 us/cm, preferably 7600 us/cm; the pH value of the bamboo charcoal is 7.2-7.8, preferably 7.2-7.4; the EC value of the bamboo charcoal is 1400-1600 us/cm, preferably 1550 us/cm; the pH value of the charcoal is 6.0-6.5, and preferably 6.0; the EC value of the charcoal is 520-650 us/cm, preferably 530 us/cm. In the invention, the pH value of the panax notoginseng planting soil after the application of the biochar is preferably 5.5-7.5, more preferably 6-7, and the panax notoginseng is suitable for growing in a weak acid-neutral environment; the conductivity of the panax notoginseng planting soil after the biochar is applied is preferably 200-600 us/cm (the conductivity range suitable for growth of panax notoginseng), and more preferably 200-400 us/cm. Both pH and conductivity (EC) are basic chemical properties of soil, affecting transformation, status and availability in soil, a soil nutrient, and directly affecting crop growth. The pH value of the growth of the pseudo-ginseng is between 5.5 and 7.5, and the soil conductivity is preferably between 200 and 600 us/cm. According to the invention, the pH of the soil is adjusted to a weak acidic to neutral environment suitable for pseudo-ginseng growth by adding the biochar, and meanwhile, the change of the conductivity of the soil needs to be considered; the application amount of the biochar is 400-600 kg/mu, and the requirements of soil on pH and conductivity can be met simultaneously. The particle size of the biochar is not particularly limited, and the conventional particle size in the field can be adopted.
Firstly, measuring the pH value of pseudo-ginseng planting soil; the method for determining the pH value of the pseudo-ginseng planting soil is not particularly limited; according to the method, the soil in a planting area is divided into acid soil (pH is less than 6.5), neutral soil (pH is more than or equal to 6.5 and less than or equal to 7.5) and alkaline soil (pH is more than 7.5) according to the pH value of the planting soil.
After the pH value of the pseudo-ginseng planting soil is determined, applying biochar to the pseudo-ginseng planting soil according to the pH value; the biochar comprises charcoal, bamboo charcoal or straw charcoal; applying straw char when the pH value is less than 6.5; when the pH value is more than or equal to 6.5 and less than or equal to 7.5, applying bamboo charcoal; when pH >7.5, charcoal was applied; the application amount of the biochar is 400-600 kg/mu, preferably 500 kg/mu, the consumption of the biochar is too low, the addition effect is not obvious, and the purpose of regulating the soil micro-ecological environment cannot be achieved; the use amount of the biochar is too high, so that the production cost is increased, and the content of organic and inorganic compounds carried by the biochar in soil is too high, so that the biochar has a risk of being toxic to crops; according to the invention, the application amount of the biochar is 400-600 kg/mu, so that the pH value of the soil can be obviously adjusted, the conductivity of the soil is improved, and the nutrients of the soil can be effectively increased.
In the specific implementation process of the invention, the straw charcoal, the bamboo charcoal and the charcoal are purchased from Yunnan Weixin agricultural science and technology GmbH; the straw carbon is alkaline, the pH value is 9.3, the EC value is 7510us/cm, the pH value and the conductivity of the straw carbon are relatively high, and the straw carbon is suitable for acid soil; the bamboo charcoal is neutral, the pH value is 7.4, the EC value is 1550us/cm, the pH value and the conductivity of the bamboo charcoal are both intermediate, and the bamboo charcoal is suitable for neutral soil; the bamboo charcoal is acidic, the pH value is 6.0, the EC is 530us/cm, the pH value and the conductivity of the bamboo charcoal are relatively low, and the bamboo charcoal is suitable for alkaline soil.
In the invention, the application mode of the biochar is preferably turning over after broadcasting, and the turning depth is preferably 15-25 cm, and more preferably 20 cm.
In the invention, after the biochar is applied to the pseudo-ginseng planting soil and before the pseudo-ginseng is planted, the humidity of the pseudo-ginseng planting soil is preferably kept at 15-25 percent, more preferably at 20 percent, and the humidity of the soil is controlled at 15-20 percent, so that the biochar and the soil are uniformly and fully mixed.
After the biochar is applied to the pseudo-ginseng planting soil, preferably, the method also comprises the steps of planting pseudo-ginseng, irrigating and fertilizing; the time for planting the pseudo-ginseng is preferably 5-10 days after the application of the biochar, and more preferably 7 days after the application of the biochar; the planting distance is preferably 5 cm; the row spacing of the planting is preferably 5 cm. The invention preferably adopts a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation fertilization mode; the irrigation quantity of the irrigation is based on the condition that the water content of the soil is kept to be 25-35%; in the specific implementation process of the invention, the irrigation frequency is preferably 5-10 d/time, and more preferably 7 d/time; the irrigation quantity of each irrigation is preferably 5-10 m3Per mu, more preferably 7 to 9m3Per mu; the irrigation mode is preferably spray irrigation; the fertilization time is preferably from the time when the seedling emergence amount of the panax notoginseng reaches 70%; the frequency of the fertilization is preferably 20-40 d/time, and more preferably 30 d/time; the fertilization mode is preferably applied along with water; the application amount of each fertilization is preferably 3 kg/mu; the fertilizer applied is preferably a water-soluble fertilizer; the content of N in the water-soluble fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 20.0 percent; p2O5The amount is preferably ≥ 20.0%, K2The content of O is preferably more than or equal to 20.0 percent; in the specific implementation process of the invention, the water-soluble fertilizer is purchased from Sichuan assorted 3702525A.
After the pseudo-ginseng is planted, the ventilation is preferably kept, so that high-temperature damage is avoided.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In 2018, in 1 month, red soil widely distributed in fields is selected as soil for planting pseudo-ginseng in Hongdan Dahe bridge farm of Yunnan agricultural university in Hongdan county of Hongdan province in Yunnan province. The soil sample was confirmed to be acid soil by sampling analysis (pH 5.09)<6.5). Alkaline straw biochar purchased from Yunnan Weixin agriculture science and technology Limited company according to the dosage of 500 kg/muMixing with soil, keeping soil water content at 20%, standing for 1 week, and conventionally planting Notoginseng radix at 5cm × 5cm spacing. Uniformly managing field water and fertilizer by adopting a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization mode, and keeping the water content of field soil between 25% and 35%; after the seedlings emerge more than 70%, spraying 3kg of water-soluble fertilizer (N is more than or equal to 20.0%, P) per mu in combination with sprinkling irrigation2O5≥20.0％，K2O is more than or equal to 20.0 percent) and 1 time per month.
Compared with the treatment without adding the biochar, the treatment with 500kg of straw biochar added per mu has obvious improvement effect on the physicochemical properties of the acid soil (see table 1): after the straw biochar is added, the pH value, the conductivity and the organic matter content of soil and the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are obviously increased. The incidence of panax notoginseng root rot in the current year after adding the biochar is reduced from 49.00 percent to 36.56 percent, and the disease index is reduced from 17.44 to 8.30. The result shows that the addition of 500kg of alkaline straw biochar per mu of acid soil can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and has good prevention effect on the occurrence of the root rot of panax notoginseng by combining scientific and reasonable water and fertilizer management.
TABLE 1 influence of straw biochar 500 kg/mu on physicochemical properties of acidic soil
Example 2
In 2018, in 1 month, in the Hunan county of Hunan province agricultural university of Hunan province, Hongdan river bridge farm in Yunnan province, wasteland raw soil where no crops are planted is selected as soil for planting pseudo-ginseng. The soil samples were confirmed to be neutral (6.5 < pH 7.01 < 7.5) by sampling analysis. Mixing neutral bamboo charcoal obtained from Gnethernwin agricultural science and technology GmbH 500 kg/mu with soil to keep water content at 20%, and standing for 1 week, and conventionally planting Notoginseng radix at 5cm by 5cm row spacing. Uniformly managing field water and fertilizer by adopting a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization mode, and keeping the water content of field soil between 25% and 35%; after the seedlings emerge more than 70%, spraying 3kg of water-soluble fertilizer (N is more than or equal to 20.0%, P) per mu in combination with sprinkling irrigation2O5≥20.0％，K2O is more than or equal to 20.0 percent) and 1 time per month.
Compared with the treatment without adding the biochar, the influence of the bamboo charcoal added by 500kg per mu on the pH value of neutral soil is small, but the soil conductivity, the organic matter content and the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content are obviously improved, and the soil nutrient is effectively increased (see table 2). After the bamboo charcoal is added, the incidence rate of the root rot of the panax notoginseng is reduced from 56.64% to 45.29%, the disease index is reduced from 22.03 to 18.35, and the seedling survival rate of the panax notoginseng is increased from 64.68% to 73.47%; the average root dry weight of notoginseng increased from 0.28g to 0.32 g. The result shows that the addition of 500kg of neutral bamboo charcoal per mu of neutral soil can effectively improve the physicochemical property of the soil, increase the soil nutrient, facilitate the growth of the pseudo-ginseng, reduce the occurrence of root rot of the pseudo-ginseng by combining scientific and reasonable water and fertilizer management, and effectively improve the seedling survival rate of the pseudo-ginseng.
TABLE 2 influence of bamboo charcoal addition 500kg per mu on physicochemical properties of neutral soil
Example 3
In 2018, in 1 month, a biochar addition test is carried out on a Hongdan river bridge farm of Yunnan agricultural university in Hongdan county of Yunnan province, and the matrix soil of a pseudo-ginseng seedling raising greenhouse is selected as the soil for planting pseudo-ginseng. The sample of the planting soil was confirmed to be alkaline soil (pH 7.67 >7.5) by sampling analysis. Mixing acidic charcoal obtained from Wenxin agriculture science and technology GmbH of Yunnan with soil at a dosage of 500 kg/mu to keep the water content of soil at 20%, and standing for 1 week, and conventionally planting Notoginseng radix at a row spacing of 5cm by 5 cm. Uniformly managing field water and fertilizer by adopting a water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization mode, and keeping the water content of field soil between 25% and 35%; after the seedlings emerge more than 70%, spraying 3kg of water-soluble fertilizer (N is more than or equal to 20.0%, P) per mu in combination with sprinkling irrigation2O5≥20.0％，K2O is more than or equal to 20.0 percent) and 1 time per month.
Compared with the treatment without adding the biochar, the pH value of the alkaline soil can be obviously reduced by adding 500kg of charcoal per mu, the soil conductivity, the organic matter content and the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of the soil are obviously improved, and the soil nutrient is effectively increased (table 3). After the charcoal is added, the incidence rate of the root rot of the panax notoginseng is reduced from 61.37 percent to 44.67 percent, the disease index is reduced from 23.19 to 11.72, and the seedling survival rate of the panax notoginseng is increased from 15.87 percent to 50.00 percent; the average root dry weight of notoginseng increased from 0.25g to 0.38 g. After the panax notoginseng is continued to be planted in 2018, the incidence rate of root rot is reduced from 85.00% to 53.88%, and the seedling survival rate is increased from 5.68% to 25.28%. The result shows that the addition of 500kg of acidic charcoal per mu of alkaline soil can effectively improve the physicochemical properties of the soil, increase the nutrients of the soil, promote the growth of the panax notoginseng, effectively reduce the occurrence of root rot of the panax notoginseng by combining scientific and reasonable water and fertilizer management, and have certain prevention effect on the occurrence of root rot diseases after the continuous cropping of the panax notoginseng.
TABLE 3 influence of 500 kg/mu charcoal addition on physicochemical properties of alkaline soil
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preventing and treating root rot of panax notoginseng comprises the following steps:
1) measuring the pH value of the pseudo-ginseng planting soil;
2) applying biochar to pseudo-ginseng planting soil according to the pH value;
the biochar comprises charcoal, bamboo charcoal or straw charcoal; applying straw char when the pH value is less than 6.5; when the pH value is more than or equal to 6.5 and less than or equal to 7.5, applying bamboo charcoal; when pH >7.5, charcoal was applied; the application amount of the biochar is 400-600 kg/mu;
the pH value of the straw carbon is 9-9.5, and the EC value of the straw carbon is 7500-8000 us/cm; the pH value of the bamboo charcoal is 7.2-7.8, and the EC value of the bamboo charcoal is 1400-1600 us/cm; the pH value of the charcoal is 6.0-6.5, and the EC value of the charcoal is 520-650 us/cm.
2. The method for controlling according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the biochar in step 2) is 500 kg/acre.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the biochar in step 2) is applied by ploughing after broadcasting.
4. The method for controlling panax notoginseng according to claim 1, further comprising maintaining the humidity of the panax notoginseng planting soil at 15% to 25% after the applying of the biochar to the panax notoginseng planting soil in step 2) until the planting of panax notoginseng.
5. The method for controlling panax notoginseng according to claim 1, wherein after the biochar is applied to panax notoginseng planting soil in step 2), the method further comprises planting panax notoginseng, irrigating and fertilizing; the time for planting the pseudo-ginseng is 5-10 days after the biochar is applied.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the irrigation water is poured in an amount to maintain a soil moisture content of 25 to 35%.
7. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that the fertilization is performed for a period of time from when the amount of emergence of panax notoginseng reaches 70%.
8. The control method according to claim 7, wherein the frequency of the fertilization is 20 to 40 d/time.
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| CN112753508B (en) | 2022-06-03 |
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