CN112753303A

CN112753303A - Integrated light and simple wheat planting device and planting method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112753303A
Application number: CN202011625682.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 袁嫚嫚; 孙义祥; 邬刚; 王家宝
Original assignee: Institute of Soil and Fertilizer of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Soil and Fertilizer of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-12-31
Filing date: 2020-12-31
Publication date: 2021-05-07
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-31
Also published as: CN112753303B

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated wheat light and simple planting device and a planting method thereof, wherein the planting device comprises a rack, a straw crushing mechanism, a deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary blade and a sowing mechanism; the front end of the frame is detachably connected with a tractor; the straw crushing mechanism, the deep-turning and deep-ploughing mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism, the rotary blade and the sowing mechanism are arranged on the rack at one time, and the tractor provides power for the mechanisms; the planting method comprises the following steps: the planting device is used for integrally completing secondary crushing, deep ploughing, fertilizing, surface and shallow crushing, mixing, rotary tillage and seeding of harvested corns or rice, then fertilizing under specified conditions, and harvesting wheat straws and returning the harvested wheat straws to the field. The invention reduces labor force, reduces the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, increases the yield of wheat, and realizes cost saving, labor saving, efficiency improvement, light and simple planting.

Description

Integrated light and simple wheat planting device and planting method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to an integrated light and simple wheat planting device and a planting method thereof.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, and agricultural products and agricultural byproducts are huge in quantity. The straws are main byproducts of agricultural production, the yield of the crop straws usually accounts for about 50 percent of the total biological quantity of the crops, so that the crop straws are also a large country for producing various crop straws in China, the yield of the straws in China is estimated to be about 7 hundred million tons every year, and particularly, the straws of grain crops such as wheat, rice, corn and the like are huge in quantity and are extremely rich in resources.

The straw contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and a plurality of medium and trace nutrient elements, and is an important renewable organic fertilizer nutrient resource.

Among various nutrient elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium) required by plants, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are nutrient elements with more plant demand and carrying capacity during harvesting, and the method for reducing external fertilization by returning straws to the field is a very good way.

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth and is an integral part of every living cell. Plants require large amounts of nitrogen. The effect of nitrogen on plant growth and development is quite obvious. When the nitrogen is sufficient, the plant can synthesize more protein, promote the division and growth of cells, so that the leaf area of the plant is increased quickly, and more leaf area can be used for photosynthesis. In the seedling stage, the nitrogen deficiency of general plants is usually manifested by slow growth, short plants, thin and small leaves, green-lacking and yellow leaves. Gramineous crops exhibit poor tillering. When the nitrogen deficiency is serious in the later growth stage, the ears are short and the seeds are not full.

Phosphorus is second only to nitrogen and potassium in plants and is generally present in higher amounts in seeds. Phosphorus plays an important role in plant nutrition. Almost all of the important organic compounds in plants contain phosphorus; the phosphorus can promote the formation and growth of early roots, improve the capability of the plants to adapt to external environmental conditions and contribute to the cold resistance of the plants in winter; improving the quality of many fruit, vegetable and food crops; the disease resistance, drought resistance and cold resistance of some plants are enhanced; has the function of promoting ripening and is important for harvest and crop quality. The related research shows that the straw returning can fertilize the soil, maintain and improve the soil fertility, promote the growth and development of crops and improve the yield.

Potassium is a main nutrient element of plants, and contributes to the stress resistance of crops; can enhance the regulation of cells to environmental conditions; can enhance the tolerance of plants to various adverse conditions, such as drought, low temperature, salt content, diseases and insect pests, lodging, etc.

The research, development, popularization and application of the new straw returning technology are one of the effective and important ways of digesting huge straw resources in China, particularly straws of grain crops such as corn, rice and the like, and controlling and solving haze weather, and are effective means for promoting the healthy development of agricultural ecological systems in China. The country inputs a great deal of manpower, material resources and financial resources to popularize and apply the straw returning work every year.

The field returning of the straws is carried out by various methods, and at present, the field returning through abdomen, the field returning by composting, the field returning of biogas slurry, the field returning after edible fungi cultivation, the field returning directly and the like are mainly carried out. The returning to the field after passing through the abdomen mainly takes the straws of wheat, rice and the like as the feed of large livestock such as cattle, donkey and the like, and the straws are digested into organic fertilizer to be returned to the field. However, in recent years, the breeding amount of cattle and donkey in rural areas is reduced sharply, and the situation of passing through abdomen and returning to the field except for a breeding farm is basically impossible. The straw is required to be collected, materials such as fertilizer, water and decomposition agent are added, the straw is stacked in a closed mode, the straw is transported to the field to be applied after being decomposed, a large amount of manpower is consumed, farmers are not willing to apply the straw, and the popularization difficulty is high. The straw is returned to the field after biogas generation and edible fungus cultivation, and similar problems also exist. Although the direct returning of the straws to the field is labor-saving, if the returning method is not proper, the straws cannot be buried under the soil deeply, the seeding and seedling emergence of crops or the transplanting of seedlings are affected, the disease and insect damage are serious, the yield is reduced, and farmers are not willing to accept the method. Therefore, the research and development of the device and the technology for directly returning the straw to the field with light weight, simplicity and high efficiency are of great significance.

Therefore, the problem that technical personnel in the field need to solve urgently is to provide a light and simple wheat planting device integrating straw returning and a planting method thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a light and simple wheat planting device integrating straw returning and a planting method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an integrated wheat light and simple planting device comprises a frame, a straw smashing mechanism, a deep-turning and deep-ploughing mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary blade and a seeding mechanism.

The front end of the frame is detachably connected with a tractor;

the straw crushing mechanism is fixed at the front end of the rack;

the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism is fixed in the middle of the rack and is positioned at the rear end of the straw crushing mechanism;

the fertilizing mechanism is fixed in the middle of the rack and is positioned at the rear end of the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism;

the rotary tillage cutter is fixed in the middle of the rack and is positioned at the rear end of the fertilizing mechanism; the fertilizing mechanism comprises two fertilizer grooves, and the two fertilizer grooves are respectively provided with a fertilizing pipe and are respectively arranged at the rear end of the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism and the upper end of the rotary blade;

the seeding mechanism is fixed at the rear end of the rack;

the tractor is in transmission connection with the straw smashing mechanism, the deep-ploughing and deep-ploughing mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism, the rotary blade and the sowing mechanism and is used for providing power for the straw smashing mechanism, the deep-ploughing and deep-ploughing mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism, the rotary blade and the sowing mechanism.

The invention relates to an integrated wheat light and simple planting device, which can complete one-time mechanical planting of wheat, is time-saving and labor-saving, can utilize a straw crushing mechanism to crush straws for the second time, bury the crushed straws to a certain depth through a deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism after crushing, complete the rotting of the straws to return to the field, generate heat during the rotting period, ensure the early growth temperature of winter wheat, reduce the low-temperature freezing damage, kill some overwintering pests, destroy ova, facilitate water retention and moisture retention, and convert the straws into fertilizers at the later stage of the rotting period to provide the fertilizers for the wheat growth reduction and saving fertilizers;

the fertilizing mechanism comprises two fertilizer grooves, wherein each fertilizer groove is provided with a fertilizing pipe and is respectively arranged at the rear end of the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism and the upper end of the rotary blade; the fertilizer in the fertilizer groove of the fertilizing tube at the rear end of the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism is as follows: 50% of straw decomposition agent particles, 20% of livestock fermented manure particles and 30% of biological organic fertilizer particles; the fertilizer in the fertilizer groove of the fertilizing tube at the upper end of the rotary blade is: nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer. Not only helped the corruption of straw to convert fertilizer into, had and can guarantee not burn the seedling in earlier stage through slow-release fertilizer, later stage fertilizer is sufficient, reduces the use of fertilizer, and the rotary blade can realize carrying out breakage once more to the superficial soil after the fertilization and mix the level.

The invention has high mechanization degree and can finish deep ploughing, leveling land, fertilizing, planting and the like after harvesting corns, paddy rice and the like at one time.

Further, the straw crushing mechanism comprises a support frame, a transmission roller, a rotating shaft and movable blades;

the support frame is fixedly connected with the rack, a bearing is sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft, the outer side of the bearing is fixedly connected with the support frame, and a damping spring is arranged in the middle of the support frame; the transmission gyro wheel is located the side of pivot and with the tractor transmission is connected, it is a plurality of to move movable blade, and is a plurality of movable blade detachably connect in the pivot.

Further, every movable blade all includes connecting screw, first circular arc blade hanger and second circular arc blade hanger are the fretwork rectangle blade that the circular arc sword was seted up to both sides, first circular arc blade hanger with the setting is established to second circular arc blade hanger cover each other, first circular arc blade hanger is kept away from the connecting hole has been seted up to one side of second circular arc blade hanger, connecting screw passes through bolt one end the connecting hole with first circular arc blade hanger is connected, the other end with the pivot is connected.

According to the invention, the movable blades can be used for effectively smashing corn straws or rice straws above the ground, the movable blades cannot be wound by the straws, the movable blades are also convenient to mount and dismount and convenient to maintain, the arc blades can be used for effectively cutting the straws when rotating at a high speed, the first arc blade hanger and the second arc blade hanger are mutually sleeved, the movable blades can be suitable for different terrains, the blades cannot be damaged due to uneven terrains, the stress action is reduced, and the service life is long.

Further, the deep-ploughing and deep-ploughing mechanism comprises a rocker arm, a rotating arm, a crankshaft, a knife rest and a blade;

the blade is of an inverted L shape, and the joint of the transverse section and the vertical section of the blade is in circular arc smooth transition; the blade is detachably connected with the tool rest, and the tool rest is fixed on a crank pin of the crankshaft; the rocking arm with the swinging boom transmission is connected, the swinging boom with the crankshaft transmission is connected.

The invention adopts the form of digging to deeply plough, when moving to the lower rear end, the straws positioned at the top are thrown to the rear end, and when lifting, the soil is thrown to the rear end again, thus effectively turning the straws above the ground into the ground to finish the burying of the straws with a certain depth, and being beneficial to the direct utilization of the straws.

Furthermore, the straw crushing machine further comprises a second driving device, wherein the second driving device is fixed on the rack and assists in driving the straw crushing mechanism, the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism, the rotary blade and the sowing mechanism.

In order to meet certain power requirements, a second driving device is provided to assist in driving the straw smashing mechanism (3), the deep-ploughing and deep-ploughing mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism, the rotary blade and the sowing mechanism, or the above mechanisms are driven, so that the tractor is prevented from being damaged due to overlarge torque.

An integrated wheat light and simple planting method comprises the following steps:

1) the integrated light wheat planting device is used for integrally completing the secondary crushing, deep ploughing, fertilizing, surface and shallow crushing, mixing, rotary tillage and sowing of harvested corns or rice;

2) reasonable irrigation: irrigating once after winter wheat enters winter and before the lowest temperature is lower than-5 ℃ according to weather and soil moisture, and irrigating once or twice at the temperature of more than 15 ℃ in the second year according to soil humidity;

3) real-time grass pest control: the lowest temperature of winter wheat in the next year is more than or equal to 5 ℃, and the pesticide application (fertilizer application) unmanned aerial vehicle is used for preventing and controlling weeds and underground pests;

4) topdressing a leaf fertilizer by using a fertilizing (pesticide applying) unmanned aerial vehicle in the wheat turning green, jointing, ear-bearing and grain filling periods;

5) harvesting the wheat, harvesting the wheat by using a wheat combine harvester after the wheat is completely ripe, simultaneously cutting the wheat straw into 0.5-3 cm long by using a straw cutting device arranged on the harvester, and uniformly throwing the wheat straw to the field surface.

Further, the deep ploughing depth in the step 1) is 35-50 cm, and the surface crushing, mixing and rotary tillage depth after fertilization is 5-10 cm.

Further, the fertilizer for fertilization in the step 1) comprises two fertilizers which are respectively arranged in the two fertilizer grooves;

the fertilizer in the fertilizer groove of the fertilizing tube at the rear end of the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism is as follows: 50% of straw decomposition agent particles, 20% of livestock fermented manure particles and 30% of biological organic fertilizer particles;

the fertilizer in the fertilizer groove of the fertilizing tube at the upper end of the rotary blade is: nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer.

Further, the straw decomposing inoculant particles comprise 30-50 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10-15 parts of trichoderma viride, 10-15 parts of actinomycetes, 10-15 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 2-5 parts of cane sugar and 200-500 parts of clay;

the biological organic fertilizer particles comprise 20-25 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of sylvite, 10-25 parts of pomace, 5-10 parts of rice bran and 2-5 parts of binder;

further, in the step 4), each liter of foliar fertilizer comprises 25-30 g of ammonium molybdate, 5-10 g of borax, 50-100 g of fulvic acid chelated zinc, 25-50 g of phosphate fertilizer, 300-450 g of nitrogen fertilizer, and the balance of water.

The integrated wheat light and simple planting method provided by the invention realizes the simplified planting of wheat by utilizing the integrated wheat light and simple planting device, and the straw light and simple returning method reduces the application of straw collection, transportation, composting and composting by composting returning to the field, reduces the labor amount, greatly lightens the labor intensity of farmers, and overcomes the dependence of the returning to the field after passing through the abdomen on large livestock such as farm cattle and the like.

The two fertilizer tanks are utilized to respectively realize the promotion of the decomposition of the straws, promote the release of nutrients and provide fertilizer sources, and have the multiple effects of saving labor and time, recycling the nutrient resources of the straws, improving and fertilizing low-yield fields and acidizing soil, increasing the yield, saving cost and income, protecting the ecological environment and the like; and the fertilization of the slow release fertilizer on the shallow layer is realized, and the total fertilization amount in the growth period of the wheat is reduced by combining every two slow release fertilizers.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an integrated wheat light and simple planting device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a straw crushing mechanism in the integrated light and simple wheat planting device of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a movable blade in the integrated wheat light and simple planting device of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism in the integrated light and simple wheat planting device of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of an integrated wheat light and simple planting method of the present invention.

In the figure: 1 is a frame; 2 is a traction machine; 3 is a straw crushing mechanism; 31 is a support frame; 32 is a transmission roller; 33 is a rotating shaft; 34 is a movable blade; 341 is a connecting screw; 342 is a first circular arc blade; 343 is a second arc knife scraping blade; 4 is a deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism; 41 is a rocker arm; 42 is a rotating arm; 43 is a crankshaft; 44 is a tool holder; 45 is a blade; 5 is a fertilizing mechanism; 6 is a rotary blade; and 7, a sowing mechanism.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "front", "rear", "front", "middle", "rear", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1-4: an integrated light and simple wheat planting device comprises a frame 1, a straw smashing mechanism 3, a deep-turning deep-ploughing mechanism 4, a fertilizing mechanism 5, a rotary blade 6 and a seeding mechanism 7.

The front end of the frame 1 is detachably connected with a tractor 2;

the straw crushing mechanism 3 is fixed at the front end of the frame 1;

the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism 4 is fixed in the middle of the frame 1 and is positioned at the rear end of the straw crushing mechanism 3;

the fertilizing mechanism 5 is fixed in the middle of the frame 1 and is positioned at the rear end of the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism 4;

the rotary tillage cutter 6 is fixed in the middle of the frame 1 and is positioned at the rear end of the fertilizing mechanism 5; the fertilizing mechanism 5 comprises two fertilizer tanks, and the two fertilizer tanks are respectively provided with a fertilizing pipe and are respectively arranged at the rear end of the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism 4 and the upper end of the rotary blade 6;

the seeding mechanism 7 is fixed at the rear end of the frame 1;

the tractor 2 is in transmission connection with the straw smashing mechanism 3, the deep ploughing mechanism 4, the fertilizing mechanism 5, the rotary blade 6 and the seeding mechanism 7 and is used for providing power for the straw smashing mechanism 3, the deep ploughing mechanism 4, the fertilizing mechanism 5, the rotary blade 6 and the seeding mechanism 7.

The invention is a kind of integrated wheat light and simple planting device, adopt the above-mentioned apparatus can finish the disposable mechanical planting of the wheat, save time and effort, and can utilize the crushing mechanism of the straw 3 to carry on the secondary crushing to the straw, can bury the crushed straw to certain depth through turning deeply the deep ploughing mechanism 4 after crushing, the corruption of the completion straw returns to the field, and produce heat during the corruption, guarantee the early growth temperature of the winter wheat, can reduce the frozen injury of the low temperature, and can kill some pests of wintering, destroy the ovum, and help to preserve water and moisten moisture, convert into the compost and offer the wheat growth to save the fertilizer in the anaphase of the corruption;

the fertilizing mechanism 5 comprises two fertilizer tanks, wherein the two fertilizer tanks are respectively provided with a fertilizing pipe and are respectively arranged at the rear end of the deep ploughing mechanism 4 and the upper end of the rotary blade 6; the fertilizer in the fertilizer groove of the fertilizer pipe at the rear end of the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism 4 is: 50% of straw decomposition agent particles, 20% of livestock fermented manure particles and 30% of biological organic fertilizer particles; the fertilizer in the fertilizer groove of the fertilizing tube at the upper end of the rotary blade 6 is: nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer. Not only helped the corruption of straw to convert fertilizer into, had and can guarantee not burn the seedling in earlier stage through slow-release fertilizer, later stage fertilizer is sufficient, reduces the use of fertilizer, and rotary blade 6 can realize carrying out the breakage once more to the superficial soil after the fertilization and mix the level.

In this embodiment, the straw crushing mechanism 3 comprises a support frame 31, a transmission roller 32, a rotating shaft 33 and movable blades 34;

the support frame 31 is fixedly connected with the frame 1, a bearing is sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft 33, the outer side of the bearing is fixedly connected with the support frame 31, and a damping spring is arranged in the middle of the support frame 31; the transmission roller 32 is arranged at the side end of the rotating shaft 33 and is in transmission connection with the tractor 2, the number of movable blades (34) is multiple, and the movable blades 34 are detachably connected to the rotating shaft 33.

In this embodiment, support frame 31 middle part is equipped with damping spring, can make straw rubbing crusher construct 3 adaptation different topography, and the effectual straw that is located above ground is smashed, can effectually guarantee that movable vane 34 does not receive or minimize the below ground stress, guarantees to smash effect and movable vane 34 life.

In this embodiment, each movable blade 34 includes a connection screw 341, a first circular arc blade hanger 342 and a second circular arc blade hanger 343, the first circular arc blade hanger 342 and the second circular arc blade hanger 343 are hollow rectangular blades with circular arc edges on both sides, the first circular arc blade hanger 342 and the second circular arc blade hanger 343 are sleeved with each other to be disposed, one side of the second circular arc blade hanger 343 away from the first circular arc blade hanger 342 is provided with a connection hole, the connection screw 341 passes through the connection hole through one end of a bolt to be connected with the first circular arc blade hanger 342, and the other end is connected with the rotating shaft 33.

This embodiment utilizes movable vane 34 can effectually smash more than the ground maize straw or rice straw, and can not twined by the straw, movable vane 34 also be convenient for install and dismantle, be convenient for maintain, the setting of circular arc sword can be when rotating at a high speed, effectual cutting straw, first circular arc blade hanger 342 establishes the setting with second circular arc blade hanger 343 cover each other, can be applicable to different topography, can not cause the damage to the blade because of the topography unevenness, reduce stress, long service life.

In this embodiment, the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism 4 includes a rocker arm 41, a rotating arm 42, a crankshaft 43, a blade holder 44 and a blade 45;

the blade 45 is of an inverted L shape, and the joint of the transverse section and the vertical section of the blade is in circular arc smooth transition; the blade 45 is detachably connected with the tool rest 44, and the tool rest 44 is fixed on a crank pin of the crankshaft 43; the rocker arm 41) is in transmission connection with the rotating arm 42, and the rotating arm 42 is in transmission connection with the crankshaft 43.

The invention adopts the form of digging to deeply plough, when moving downwards and backwards, the straws positioned at the top are thrown to the rear end, and when lifting, the soil is thrown to the rear end again, the soil covers the upper parts of the straws, the straws above the ground can be effectively turned into the ground, the burying of the straws with a certain depth is completed, and the direct utilization of the straws is facilitated.

In the embodiment, the straw smashing and deep ploughing machine further comprises a second driving device, wherein the second driving device is fixed on the rack 1 and assists in driving the straw smashing mechanism 3, the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism 4, the fertilizing mechanism 5, the rotary blade 6 and the sowing mechanism 7.

In order to meet certain power requirements, a second driving device is provided to assist in driving the straw smashing mechanism 3, the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism 4, the fertilizing mechanism 5, the rotary blade 6 and the sowing mechanism 7, or to drive the above mechanisms, so that the tractor 2 is prevented from being damaged due to overlarge torque.

In this embodiment, the tractor 2 is a crawler-type tractor, and the second driving device is a diesel engine.

As shown in fig. 5: an integrated wheat light and simple planting method comprises the following steps:

In the embodiment, the deep ploughing depth in the step 1) is 35-50 cm, and the surface crushing, mixing and rotary tillage depth after fertilization is 5-10 cm.

In other embodiments, the deep ploughing depth in the step 1) is 35-50 cm, and the surface crushing, mixing and rotary tillage depth after fertilization is 5-10 cm.

In the embodiment, the fertilizer for fertilization in the step 1) comprises two fertilizers which are respectively arranged in the two fertilizer grooves;

the fertilizer in the fertilizer groove of the fertilizer pipe at the rear end of the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism 4 is: 50% of straw decomposition agent particles, 20% of livestock fermented manure particles and 30% of biological organic fertilizer particles;

the fertilizer in the fertilizer groove of the fertilizing tube at the upper end of the rotary blade 6 is: nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer.

In the embodiment, the straw decomposition agent particles comprise 40 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis, 12 parts by weight of trichoderma viride, 12 parts by weight of actinomycetes, 12 parts by weight of lactobacillus plantarum, 4 parts by weight of sucrose and 300 parts by weight of clay;

in another embodiment, the straw decomposition agent particles consist of 30 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of trichoderma viride, 10 parts of actinomycetes, 10 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 2 parts of sucrose and 200 parts of clay;

in another embodiment, the straw decomposition agent particles consist of 50 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of trichoderma viride, 15 parts of actinomycetes, 15 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 5 parts of sucrose and 500 parts of clay;

in the embodiment, the bacillus subtilis fungus and the trichoderma viride can be used for producing the cellulase, so that the straw is decomposed and matured.

Actinomycetes, particularly streptomycete, can generate cellulase and antibiotics, and can strongly decompose cellulose in organic matter piles such as straws, kitchen waste and the like at a higher temperature, promote the straws to be quickly decomposed, and eliminate harmful substances such as straw germs, insect eggs and the like.

The saccharomycete can promote the early temperature of the piled material of the straw, produce organic acid, reduce ammonia volatilization, promote degradation and decomposition. Can ensure the early growth temperature of winter wheat and the overwintering capability of winter wheat.

The bacillus subtilis fungi and the trichoderma viride can compete in space sites to take more advantages, namely, the bacillus subtilis fungi and the trichoderma viride can quickly and massively propagate and fix in plants and in soil where the plants grow, so that the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms is effectively prevented, the plant pathogenic microorganisms are interfered to infect the plants, the colonization of the pathogenic microorganisms on the plants is damaged, and the effects of inhibiting bacteria and controlling diseases are achieved.

In another embodiment, the straw decomposing inoculant particles comprise 30-50 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10-15 parts of trichoderma viride, 10-15 parts of actinomycetes, 10-15 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 2-5 parts of cane sugar and 200-500 parts of clay;

in the embodiment, the biological organic fertilizer particles comprise 20-25 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of sylvite, 10-25 parts of pomace, 5-10 parts of rice bran and 2-5 parts of binder;

in the embodiment, in the step 4), each liter of foliar fertilizer comprises 30g of ammonium molybdate, 10g of borax, 80g of fulvic acid chelated zinc, 40g of phosphate fertilizer, 400g of nitrogen fertilizer, and the balance of water.

In another embodiment, in the step 4), each liter of foliar fertilizer comprises 25g of ammonium molybdate, 5g of borax, 50g of fulvic acid chelated zinc, 25g of phosphate fertilizer, 300g of nitrogen fertilizer, and the balance of water.

In other embodiments, in the step 4), each liter of foliar fertilizer comprises 25-30 g of ammonium molybdate, 5-10 g of borax, 50-100 g of fulvic acid chelated zinc, 25-50 g of phosphate fertilizer, 300-450 g of nitrogen fertilizer, and the balance of water.

The integrated wheat light and simple planting method provided by the invention has the advantages that the labor force is reduced, the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is reduced, the yield of wheat is increased, and the purposes of cost saving, labor saving, efficiency improvement and light and simple planting are realized.

The specific set-up of comparative examples is as follows: under the conditions of the same wheat variety, the same seeding amount/mu and the same row spacing, the existing common land preparation method, the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing method are adopted, particularly, straw cleaning is adopted, land preparation is carried out for 2-3 times in a rotary tillage mode, the wheat is fertilized, watered and irrigated once after germination, watered once before winter, watered, irrigated and fertilized once after green turning, watered, irrigated and fertilized once before grouting, and meanwhile, herbicide and insecticide are applied, and the average value of related numerical values is obtained continuously for three years.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present embodiments. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments.

Thus, the present embodiments are not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An integrated wheat light and simple planting device is characterized by comprising

The front end of the frame (1) is detachably connected with a tractor (2);

the straw crushing mechanism (3), the straw crushing mechanism (3) is fixed at the front end of the rack (1);

the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism (4) is fixed in the middle of the rack (1) and is positioned at the rear end of the straw crushing mechanism (3);

the fertilizing mechanism (5) is fixed in the middle of the rack (1) and is positioned at the rear end of the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism (4);

the rotary tillage cutter (6) is fixed in the middle of the rack (1) and is positioned at the rear end of the fertilizing mechanism (5); the fertilizing mechanism (5) comprises two fertilizer grooves, and the two fertilizer grooves are respectively provided with a fertilizing pipe and are respectively arranged at the rear end of the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism (4) and the upper end of the rotary blade (6);

the seeding mechanism (7), the seeding mechanism (7) is fixed at the rear end of the rack (1);

the tractor (2) is in transmission connection with the straw smashing mechanism (3), the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism (4), the fertilizing mechanism (5), the rotary blade (6) and the seeding mechanism (7) and is used for providing power for the straw smashing mechanism (3), the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism (4), the fertilizing mechanism (5), the rotary blade (6) and the seeding mechanism (7).

2. The integrated wheat light and simple planting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straw crushing mechanism (3) comprises a support frame (31), a transmission roller (32), a rotating shaft (33) and movable blades (34);

the support frame (31) is fixedly connected with the rack (1), a bearing is sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft (33), the outer side of the bearing is fixedly connected with the support frame (31), and a damping spring is arranged in the middle of the support frame (31); the transmission roller (32) is arranged at the side end of the rotating shaft (33) and is in transmission connection with the tractor (2), the movable blades (34) are multiple, and the movable blades (34) are detachably connected to the rotating shaft (33).

3. The integrated wheat light and simple planting device according to claim 2, wherein each movable blade (34) comprises a connecting screw (341), a first circular-arc blade hanging piece (342) and a second circular-arc blade hanging piece (343), the first circular-arc blade hanging piece (342) and the second circular-arc blade hanging piece (343) are hollow rectangular blades with circular-arc edges on both sides, the first circular-arc blade hanging piece (342) and the second circular-arc blade hanging piece (343) are sleeved with each other, a connecting hole is formed in one side, away from the second circular-arc blade hanging piece (343), of the first circular-arc blade hanging piece (342), one end of the connecting screw (341) penetrates through the connecting hole to be connected with the first circular-arc blade hanging piece (342), and the other end of the connecting screw is connected with the rotating shaft (33).

4. The integrated wheat light and simple planting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deep-turning deep-ploughing mechanism (4) comprises a rocker arm (41), a rotating arm (42), a crankshaft (43), a knife rest (44) and a blade (45);

the blade (45) is of an inverted L shape, and the joint of the transverse section and the vertical section of the blade is in circular arc smooth transition; the blade (45) is detachably connected with the tool rest (44), and the tool rest (44) is fixed on a crank pin of the crankshaft (43); the rocker arm (41) is in transmission connection with the rotating arm (42), and the rotating arm (42) is in transmission connection with the crankshaft (43).

5. The integrated wheat light and simple planting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a second driving device fixed on the frame (1), wherein the second driving device assists in driving the straw crushing mechanism (3), the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism (4), the fertilizing mechanism (5), the rotary blade (6) and the seeding mechanism (7).

6. An integrated light and simple wheat planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) the integrated light and simple wheat planting device of any one of claims 1 to 5 is used for performing integrated completion of secondary crushing, deep ploughing, fertilization, surface and shallow crushing, mixed rotary tillage and sowing on harvested corns or rice;

7. The integrated wheat simple and light planting method according to claim 6, wherein the deep ploughing depth in the step 1) is 35-50 cm, and the surface crushing and mixed rotary tillage depth after fertilization is 5-10 cm.

8. The integrated wheat light and simple planting method according to claim 6, wherein the fertilizer for fertilization in the step 1) comprises two fertilizers which are respectively arranged in the two fertilizer tanks;

the fertilizer in the fertilizer groove of the fertilizer pipe which is positioned at the rear end of the deep ploughing and deep ploughing mechanism (4) is as follows: 50% of straw decomposition agent particles, 20% of livestock fermented manure particles and 30% of biological organic fertilizer particles;

the fertilizer in the fertilizer groove of the fertilizing tube at the upper end of the rotary blade (6) is: nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer.

9. The integrated wheat light and simple planting method according to claim 8, wherein the straw-decomposing inoculant particles comprise 30-50 parts by weight of bacillus subtilis, 10-15 parts by weight of trichoderma viride, 10-15 parts by weight of actinomycetes, 10-15 parts by weight of lactobacillus plantarum, 2-5 parts by weight of sucrose and 200-500 parts by weight of clay;

the biological organic fertilizer particles comprise, by weight, 20-25 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of potassium salt, 10-25 parts of pomace, 5-10 parts of rice bran and 2-5 parts of a binder.

10. The integrated wheat light and simple planting method according to claim 6, wherein in the step 4), the foliar fertilizer is composed of 25-30 g of ammonium molybdate, 5-10 g of borax, 50-100 g of fulvic acid chelated zinc, 25-50 g of phosphate fertilizer, 300-450 g of nitrogen fertilizer per liter, and the balance of water.