CN112739697B - 作为jak抑制剂的二甲基氨基氮杂环丁烷酰胺 - Google Patents
作为jak抑制剂的二甲基氨基氮杂环丁烷酰胺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112739697B CN112739697B CN201980057577.7A CN201980057577A CN112739697B CN 112739697 B CN112739697 B CN 112739697B CN 201980057577 A CN201980057577 A CN 201980057577A CN 112739697 B CN112739697 B CN 112739697B
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Abstract
本发明提供适用作JAK激酶抑制剂的式(I)化合物:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用作JAK激酶抑制剂的化合物。本发明还涉及包括这些化合物的药物组合物和使用这些化合物治疗呼吸道疾病的方法。
背景技术
哮喘为气管的慢性疾病,其无预防或治愈方法。所述疾病的特征为气管发炎、纤维化、高反应性和重构,其皆促成气流限制。全世界估计有3亿人罹患哮喘,且据估计,截到2025年,患有哮喘的人数将增长超过1亿。在美国,约6%到8%的人口罹患哮喘,使其成为所述国家最常见的慢性疾病中的一种。虽然大多数患者可用吸入皮质类固醇实现对哮喘症状的控制,所述吸入皮质类固醇可与白三烯修饰剂和/或长效β激动剂组合,但仍有一部分患有重度哮喘的患者的疾病不受常规疗法控制。重度持续性哮喘被定义为对吸入皮质类固醇的较高剂量保持不受控制的疾病。虽然估计重度气喘患者占所有哮喘患者的约5%,其发病率和死亡率较高且对气喘患者中健保资源利用的不相称份额负责。仍需要新颖治疗剂来治疗这些患者。
细胞因子为细胞间信号传导分子,其包含趋化因子、干扰素、白介素、淋巴因子和肿瘤坏死因子。细胞因子对于正常细胞生长和免疫性调节至关重要并且也驱动免疫介导的疾病并有助于恶性细胞生长。许多细胞因子的水平升高与哮喘发炎的病理学有关。举例来说,已展示靶向白介素(IL)-5和13的基于抗体的治疗剂以为重度哮喘患者子组提供临床益处。在与哮喘发炎有关的细胞因子中,许多取决于经由转录因子的信号转导子与转录活化因子(Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription;STAT)家族进行传导信号的酪氨酸激酶(JAK)的杰纳斯(Janus)家族,经由信号传导路径起作用。与经由JAK-STAT路径传导信号的哮喘发炎有关的细胞因子包含:IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-9、IL-11、IL-13、IL-23、IL-31、IL-27、胸腺基质淋巴生成素(thymic stromal lymphopoietin;TSLP)、干扰素-γ(IFNγ)和粒细胞-巨噬细胞群落刺激因子(granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor;GM-CSF)。
JAK家族包括四个成员:JAK1、JAK2、JAK3和酪氨酸激酶2(TYK2)。细胞因子与JAK依赖性细胞因子受体的结合诱导受体二聚,其使得JAK激酶上的酪氨酸残基磷酸化,从而影响JAK活化。磷酸化JAK转而结合且使各种STAT蛋白质磷酸化,所述STAT蛋白质在单元细胞核中二聚、内化且直接调节基因转录,在其它作用中,引起与发炎疾病相关的下游作用。JAK通常与细胞因子受体成对缔合作为均二聚体或杂二聚体。特定细胞因子与特定JAK配对相关。JAK家族的四个成员中的每一个涉及与哮喘发炎相关的细胞因子中的至少一个的信号传导。因此,相对于JAK家族的所有成员,具有泛活性的化学抑制剂可调节有助于重度哮喘的广泛范围促炎性路径。
然而,这些抑制剂的广泛抗炎性作用可抑制正常免疫细胞功能,潜在地引起感染风险提高。用JAK抑制剂托法替尼(tofacitinib)观测到感染风险提高的证据,所述抑制剂经口给药以用于治疗类风湿性关节炎。在哮喘中,发炎定位于呼吸道。除哮喘以外,气管发炎为其它呼吸疾病所特有的。慢性阻塞性肺病(Chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease;COPD)、囊肿性纤维化(cystic fibrosis;CF)、肺炎、间质肺病(包含特发性肺纤维化)、急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合症、支气管炎、气肿和结节病也为呼吸道疾病,其中相信病理生理学与JAK信号传导细胞因子有关。通过吸入向肺部局部投予JAK抑制剂提供通过将有效抗细胞因子药剂直接输送到作用位点而治疗上有效的可能性,限制全身性暴露且因此限制不利的全身性免疫抑制的可能性。仍需要适用于向肺部局部投予以便治疗呼吸疾病的有效JAK抑制剂。
JAK信号传导细胞因子也在T细胞活化中起主要作用,T细胞为对许多免疫过程重要的免疫细胞亚类。病理性T细胞活化对于多种呼吸道疾病的病因至关重要。自体反应性T细胞在阻塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎(也称为COS)中起作用。类似于COS,肺移植排斥反应的病因与移植供体肺的受体T细胞的异常T细胞活化有关。肺移植排斥反应可早期以原发性移植物功能障碍(Primary Graft Dysfunction;PGD)、机化性肺炎(organizingpneumonia;OP)、急性排斥反应(acute rejection;AR)或淋巴细胞性细支气管炎(lymphocytic bronchiolitis;LB)形式发生,或其可在肺移植后数年以慢性肺同种异体移植物功能障碍(Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction;CLAD)形式发生。CLAD先前已知为阻塞性细支气管炎(bronchiolitis obliterans;BO),但现在被认为可具有不同病理学表达的综合症,包含BO、限制性CLAD(rCLAD或RAS)和嗜中性粒细胞性同种异体移植物功能障碍。慢性肺同种异体移植物功能障碍(CLAD)为长期管理肺移植受体中的主要挑战,因为其造成移植肺逐渐失去功能(高蒂耶(Gauthier)等人,《当前移植报告(Curr.Transplant.Rep.)》,2016,3(3),185-191)。CLAD对治疗的反应不佳,且因此,仍需要能够预防或治疗此病况的有效化合物。例如IFNγ和IL-5的若干JAK依赖性细胞因子在CLAD和肺移植排斥反应中上调(贝拉斯特吉(Berastegui)等人,《临床移植(Clin.Transplant.)》2017,31,e12898)。此外,在JAK依赖性IFN信号传导下游的CXCR3趋化因子(例如CXCL9和CXCL10)的高肺含量与肺移植患者的恶化结果有关(希罗(Shino)等人,《公共科学图书馆·综合(PLOS One)》,2017,12(7),e0180281)。展示全身性JAK抑制在肾脏移植排斥反应中有效(维琴蒂(Vicenti)等人,《美国移植杂志(American Journal ofTransplantation)》,2012,12,2446-56)。因此,JAK抑制剂有可能有效治疗或预防肺移植排斥反应和CLAD。如描述为肺移植排斥反应的基础的类似T细胞活化事件也视为造血干细胞移植后可能发生的肺移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-host disease;GVHD)的主要驱动因素。类似于CLAD,肺GVHD为一种慢性进行性病况,其结果极其不佳且目前尚无经批准的治疗。95位接受全身性JAK抑制剂卢佐替尼(ruxolitinib)作为补救治疗的患有类固醇难治性急性或慢性GVHD的患者的回溯性多中心调查研究证实,大多数患者(包含患有肺GVHD的这些患者)对卢佐替尼完全或部分反应(泽斯特(Zeiser)等人,《白血病(Leukemia)》,2015,29,10,2062-68)。由于全身性JAK抑制与严重不良事件和小治疗指数相关,仍需要吸入肺部定向的非全身性JAK抑制剂以预防和/或治疗肺移植排斥反应或肺GVHD。
发明内容
在一个方面中,本发明提供具有作为JAK激酶抑制剂的活性的新颖化合物。
因此,本发明提供一种式(I)化合物:
其中:
n为0、1或2;
R1为C1-3烷基;且
各R2独立地为C1-3烷基;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明还提供一种包括本发明的化合物和药学上可接受的载剂的药物组合物。
本发明还提供一种治疗哺乳动物的呼吸道疾病(尤其哮喘和CLAD)的方法,所述方法包括向哺乳动物投予治疗有效量的化合物或本发明的药物组合物。
本发明还提供一种如本文中所描述的本发明化合物,其用于医学疗法中;以及本发明的化合物的用途,其用于制造用于治疗哺乳动物的呼吸道疾病的调配物或药物。
具体实施方式
在一个方面中,本发明提供具有作为JAK激酶抑制剂的活性的化合物。因此,本发明提供一种式(I)化合物:
其中:
n为0、1或2;
R1为C1-3烷基;且
各R2独立地为C1-3烷基;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一些实施例中,化合物具有式(II):
在一些实施例中,化合物具有式(III):
在一些实施例中,R1选自由以下组成的组:乙基、丙基和异丙基。在一些实施例中,n为0。在一些实施例中,n为1。在一些实施例中,n为1且R2为甲基。
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种式1化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种式1化合物:
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种式2化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种式2化合物:
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种式3化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种式3化合物:
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种式4化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种式4化合物:
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种式5化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种式5化合物:
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种式6化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一实施例中,本发明提供一种式6化合物:
如ChemDraw软件(马萨诸塞州剑桥市珀金·埃尔默公司(PerkinElmer,Inc.,Cambridge,MA))中所实施,本文中根据IUPAC公约命名化学结构。化合物1指定为(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁-1-基)(2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-异丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮。
此外,四氢咪唑并哌啶部分的咪唑并部分以互变异构形式存在,如下文针对本公开的化合物的片段所说明。
根据IUPAC公约,这些图示产生咪唑部分的原子的不同编号:(1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶(结构A)对比于(1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶(结构B)。应理解,虽然结构以特定形式展示或命名,但本发明还包含其互变异构体。
本公开的化合物可含有一或多个手性中心,且因此,这些化合物(和其中间物)可以外消旋混合物、纯立体异构体(即,对映异构体或非对映异构体)、富含立体异构体的混合物和其类似物的形式存在。除非另外指示,否则本文中所展示或所命名的在手性中心不具有确定立体化学的手性化合物打算包含在未确定的立体中心的任何或所有可能的立体异构体变化形式。除非另外指示,否则特定立体异构体的描述或命名意指所指示立体中心具有指定的立体化学,同时应理解为也可存在少量的其它立体异构体,前提是所描绘或所命名的化合物的效用不因另一立体异构体的存在而消除。
本公开的化合物还可含有若干碱基(例如,氨基),且因此,这些化合物可以游离碱的形式或以各种盐形式存在,例如单质子化盐形式、二质子化盐形式、三质子化盐形式或其混合物。除非另外指示,否则所有这些形成均包含在本发明的范围内。
本发明还包含同位素标记的式(I)、(II)和(III)的化合物,即一或多个原子经原子数相同但原子质量不同于在自然界中占绝大多数的原子质量的原子置换或富集的式(I)、(II)和(III)的化合物。可并入到式(I)、(II)和(III)的化合物中的同位素的实例包含(但不限于)2H、3H、11C、13C、14C、13N、15N、15O、17O和18O。备受关注的为富含氚或碳14的式(I)、(II)和(III)的化合物,所述化合物可用于例如组织分布研究中。还备受关注的是尤其在代谢位点处富含氘的式(I)、(II)和(III)的化合物,所述化合物预期具有较高的代谢稳定性。此外,备受关注的为富含例如11C、15O和13N的正电子发射同位素的式(I)、(II)和(III)的化合物,所述化合物可用于例如正电子发射断层摄影法(Positron Emission Tomography;PET)研究中。
定义
除非另外指示,否则当描述本发明(包含其各种方面和实施例)时,以下术语具有以下含义。
术语“烷基”意指可为直链或分支链或其组合的单价饱和烃基。除非另外定义,否则这些烷基通常含有1到10个碳原子。代表性烷基包含例如甲基(Me)、乙基(Et)、正丙基(n-Pr)或(nPr)、异丙基(i-Pr)或(iPr)、正丁基(n-Bu)或(nBu)、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基(t-Bu)或(tBu)、正戊基、正己基、2,2-二甲基丙基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、2,2-二甲基戊基、2-丙基戊基和其类似基团。
当特定数量的碳原子打算用于特定术语时,碳原子数量在术语前展示。举例来说,术语“C1-3烷基”意指具有1到3个碳原子的烷基,其中碳原子呈任何化学上可接受的配置,包含直链或分支链配置。
术语“环烷基”意指可为单环或多环的单价饱和碳环基。除非另外定义,否则这些环烷基通常含有3到10个碳原子。代表性环烷基包含例如环丙基(cPr)、环丁基(cBu)、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、金刚烷基和其类似基团。
术语“杂环基(heterocyclyl)”、“杂环(heterocycle)”、“杂环的(heterocyclic)”或“杂环(heterocyclic ring)”意指总共具有3到10个环原子的单价饱和或部分不饱和环状非芳香族基团,其中环含有2到9个碳环原子和1到4个选自氮、氧和硫的环杂原子。杂环基可为单环或多环(即,稠合或桥连)的。代表性杂环基包含例如吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、咪唑啶基、吗啉基、硫吗啉基、吲哚啉-3-基、2-咪唑啉基、四氢吡喃基、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-2-基、奎宁环基、7-氮杂降莰烷基、降托烷基(nortropanyl)和其类似基团,其中连接点在任何可用的碳或氮环原子处。在上下文使得杂环基的连接点显而易见的情况下,这些基团可替代地称为非价物种,即吡咯烷、哌啶、哌嗪、咪唑、四氢吡喃等。
术语“卤基”意指氟基、氯基、溴基或碘基。
术语“治疗有效量”意指当向有需要治疗的患者投予时足以实现治疗的量。
术语“治疗(treating/treatment)”意指预防、改善或抑止正治疗的患者(尤其人类人类)的医学病况、疾病或病症(例如,呼吸道疾病);或缓解医学病况、疾病或病症的症状。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”意指向患者或哺乳动物(例如人类)投予可接受的盐(例如,对于既定剂量方案具有可接受哺乳动物安全性的盐)。代表性药学上可接受的盐包含以下的盐:乙酸、抗坏血酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、柠檬酸、乙磺酸、乙二磺酸、反丁烯二酸、龙胆酸、葡萄糖酸、葡糖醛酸、谷氨酸、马尿酸、氢溴酸、氢氯酸、羟乙基磺酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、顺丁烯二酸、苹果酸、杏仁酸、甲磺酸、粘液酸、萘磺酸、萘-1,5-二磺酸、萘-2,6-二磺酸、烟碱酸、硝酸、乳清酸、双羟萘酸、泛酸、磷酸、丁二酸、硫酸、酒石酸、对甲苯磺酸和羟萘甲酸以及其类似酸。
术语“其盐”意指当酸的氢被阳离子(例如金属阳离子或有机阳离子和其类似阳离子)置换时所形成的化合物。举例来说,阳离子可为式(I)、(II)或(III)的化合物的质子化形式,即其中一或多个氨基由酸质子化的形式。通常,所述盐为药学上可接受的盐,但这对于不打算向患者投予的中间化合物的盐来说是不需要的。
通用合成程序
本发明的化合物和其中间物可根据以下通用方法和程序使用可商购或常规制备的起始材料和试剂来制备。除非另外指示,否则以下流程中所使用的取代基和变量(例如,R1、R2、n等)具有与本文中其它地方所定义相同的含义。此外,除非另外指示,否则具有酸性或碱性原子或官能团的化合物可用作盐或可作为盐产生(在一些情况下,在特定反应中使用盐将需要在进行反应之前使用常规程序将盐转化为非盐形式,例如游离碱)。
虽然可在以下程序中展示或描述本发明的特定实施例,但所属领域的熟练技术人员将认识到本发明的其它实施例或方面也可使用这些程序或通过使用所属领域的熟练技术人员已知的其它方法、试剂和起始材料来制备。特定而言,应了解,本发明的化合物可通过多种工艺途径制备,其中反应物以不同次序组合以提供不同中间物烯途径,以制备最终产物。
以下流程中说明制备本发明的最终化合物的通用方法。
使化合物K-18与酮或醛在还原剂的存在下反应,以得到式K-19化合物。接着使化合物K-19与经取代的氮杂环丁烷在典型酰胺键形成条件下反应,以得到化合物(I)。通常,使羧酸与约1当量与约4当量之间的经取代的氮杂环丁烷在过量碱的存在下接触。酰胺键形成反应可利用偶合剂,例如N,N,N',N'-四甲基-O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)脲鎓六氟磷酸盐(HATU)或所属领域中已知的其它酰胺偶合剂。可添加肼以分解非所要副产物。反应通常在室温下进行约5分钟与约24小时之间或直到反应基本上完成为止。
药物组合物
本发明的化合物和其药学上可接受的盐通常以药物组合物或调配物的形式使用。这些药物组合物可有利地通过吸入向患者投予。另外,可通过任何可接受的投予途径投予药物组合物,包含(但不限于)经口、经直肠、经鼻、局部(包含经皮)和非经肠投予模式。
因此,在其组合物方面中的一个中,本发明涉及一种药物组合物,其包含药学上可接受的载剂或赋形剂和式(I)、(II)或(III)的化合物,其中如上文所定义,“式(I)、(II)或(III)的化合物”意指式(I)、(II)或(III)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。任选地,必要时这些药物组合物可含有其它治疗剂和/或调配剂。当论述组合物和其用途时,“本发明的化合物”在本文中也可称为“活性剂”。如本文中所使用,术语“本发明的化合物”打算包含式(I)所涵盖的所有化合物以及以式(II)形式体现的物种和其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明的药物组合物通常含有治疗有效量的本发明的化合物。然而,所属领域的熟练技术人员将认识到,药物组合物可含有超过治疗有效量(即,主体组合物)或小于治疗有效量(即,被设计成用于多次投予以获得治疗有效量的个别单位剂量)。
通常,这些药物组合物将含有约0.01到约95重量%的活性剂;包含例如约0.05到约30重量%;和约0.1重量%到约10重量%的活性剂。
任何常规载剂或赋形剂可用于本发明的药物组合物中。选择特定载剂或赋形剂,或载剂或赋形剂的组合将取决于用于治疗特定患者或特定类型的医学病况或疾病状态的投药模式。在这方面,针对特定投药模式制备合适药物组合物完全在熟悉药学领域的那些技术人员的范围内。此外,本发明的药物组合物中所使用的载剂或赋形剂是可商购的。借助于进一步说明,常规调配技术描述于《雷明顿:药学的科学与实践(Remington:The Scienceand Practice of Pharmacy)》,第20版,利平科特·威廉姆斯(Lippincott Williams)&怀特(White),巴尔的摩(Baltimore),马里兰德(Maryland)(2000);和H.C.安塞尔(H.C.Ansel)等人,《药物剂型和药物输送系统(Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and DrugDelivery Systems)》,第7版,利平科特·威廉姆斯&怀特,巴尔的摩,马里兰德(1999)中。
可充当药学上可接受的载剂的材料的代表性实例包含(但不限于)以下:糖,例如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;淀粉,例如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素,例如微晶纤维素和其衍生物,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素;粉末状黄蓍;麦芽;明胶;滑石;赋形剂,例如可可脂和栓剂蜡;油,例如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油;二醇,例如丙二醇;多元醇,例如丙三醇、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇和聚乙二醇;酯,例如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;缓冲剂,例如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;褐藻酸;无热原质水;等渗盐水;林格氏溶液(Ringer's solution);乙醇;磷酸盐缓冲溶液;和药物组合物中采用的其它无毒性兼容物质。
通常通过将活性剂与药学上可接受的载剂和一或多种任选的成分充分且紧密地混合或掺合来制备药物组合物。接着可使用常规程序和设备使所得均匀掺合的混合物成形为片剂、胶囊、丸剂和其类似物或装载到其中。
在一个方面中,药物组合物适用于吸入投予。用于吸入投予的药物组合物通常呈气雾剂或散剂形式。这些组合物一般使用吸入器输送装置投予,例如干燥散剂吸入器(drypowder inhaler;DPI)、定量吸入器(metered-dose inhaler;MDI)、喷雾器吸入器或类似输送装置。
在一特定实施例中,药物组合物通过吸入,使用干燥散剂吸入器投予。这些干燥散剂吸入器通常以在吸气期间分散于患者的气流中的自由流动散剂形式来投予药物组合物。为获得自由流动散剂组合物,治疗剂通常用例如乳糖、淀粉、甘露糖醇、右旋糖、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚丙交酯-co-乙交酯(PLGA)或其组合的合适赋形剂来调配。通常,使治疗剂微粉化且与合适载剂组合以形成适用于吸入的组合物。
用于干燥散剂吸入器的代表性药物组合物包括呈微粉化形式的乳糖和本发明的化合物。这些干燥散剂组合物可例如通过将干燥研磨乳糖与治疗剂组合,且接着干掺合组分来制得。接着,通常将组合物装载到干燥散剂分配器中或与干燥散剂输送装置一起使用的吸入套筒或胶囊中。
适用于通过吸入投予治疗剂的干燥散剂吸入器输送装置描述于所属领域中且这些装置的实例为可商购的。举例来说,代表性干燥散剂吸入器输送装置或产物包含:Aeolizer(诺华(Novartis));Airmax(爱华克斯(IVAX));ClickHaler(创新生物医学(Innovata Biomed));Diskhaler(葛兰素史克(GlaxoSmithKline));Diskus/Accuhaler(葛兰素史克(GlaxoSmithKline));Ellipta(葛兰素史克(GlaxoSmithKline));Easyhaler(奥伦制药(Orion Pharma));Eclipse(安万特(Aventis));FlowCaps(好利安(Hovione));Handihaler(勃林格殷格翰(Boehringer Ingelheim));Pulvinal(凯西(Chiesi));Rotahaler(葛兰素史克(GlaxoSmithKline));SkyeHaler/Certihaler(斯基制药(SkyePharma));Twisthaler(先灵葆雅(Schering-Plough));Turbuhaler(阿斯利康(AstraZeneca));Ultrahaler(安万特(Aventis));和其类似物。
在另一特定实施例中,药物组合物通过吸入,使用定量吸入器投予。这些定量吸入器通常使用压缩推进剂气体排出测量量的治疗剂。因此,使用定量吸入器投予的药物组合物通常包括治疗剂于液化推进剂中的溶液或悬浮液。可采用任何合适的液化推进剂,包含氢氟烷烃(HFA),例如1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFA 134a)和1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟-正丙烷(HFA227);和氯氟碳化物,例如CCl3F。在一特定实施例中,推进剂为氢氟烷烃。在一些实施例中,氢氟烷烃调配物含有共溶剂,例如乙醇或戊烷;和/或表面活性剂,例如脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯、油酸、卵磷脂和丙三醇。
用于定量吸入器的代表性药物组合物包括约0.01重量%到约5重量%的本发明的化合物;约0重量%到约20重量%的乙醇;和约0重量%到约5重量%的表面活性剂;其中剩余部分为HFA推进剂。通常通过向含有治疗剂、乙醇(如果存在)和表面活性剂(如果存在)的合适容器中添加冷却或加压的氢氟烷烃来制备这些组合物。为制备悬浮液,将治疗剂微米尺寸化,且接着与推进剂组合。接着将组合物装载到气雾剂罐中,其通常形成定量吸入器装置的部分。
适用于通过吸入投予治疗剂的定量吸入器装置描述于所属领域中且这些装置的实例为可商购的。举例来说,代表性定量吸入器装置或产物包含:AeroBid吸入器系统(森林制药(Forest Pharmaceuticals));Atrovent吸入气雾剂(勃林格殷格翰(BoehringerIngelheim));Flovent(葛兰素史克(GlaxoSmithKline));Maxair吸入器(3M);Proventil吸入器(先灵(Schering));Serevent吸入气雾剂(葛兰素史克(GlaxoSmithKline));和其类似物。
在另一特定方面中,药物组合物通过吸入,使用喷雾器吸入器投予。这些喷雾器装置通常产生使药物组合物以喷雾为进入患者的呼吸道中的雾状物的高速空气流。因此,当调配以用于喷雾器吸入器时,可将治疗剂溶解于合适载剂中以形成溶液。替代地,治疗剂可经微米尺寸化或纳米研磨且与合适载剂组合以形成悬浮液。
用于喷雾器吸入器的代表性药物组合物包含溶液或悬浮液,其包括约0.05μg/mL到约20mg/mL的本发明的化合物和与雾化调配物兼容的赋形剂。在一个实施例中,溶液具有约3到约8的pH。
适用于通过吸入投予治疗剂的喷雾器装置描述于所属领域中且这些装置的实例为可商购的。举例来说,代表性喷雾器装置或产物包含:Respimat Softmist吸入器(勃林格殷格翰(Boehringer Ingelheim));AERx肺部输送系统(阿迪姆(Aradigm Corp.));PARI LCPlus可再用喷雾器(德国帕瑞有限公司(Pari GmbH));和其类似物。
在又一方面中,本发明的药物组合物可替代地以打算用于经口投予的剂量形式来制备。用于经口投药的合适药物组合物可呈胶囊、片剂、丸剂、口含锭、扁囊剂、糖衣药丸、散剂、颗粒形式;或呈于水性或非水性液体中的溶液或悬浮液形式;或呈水包油或油包水液体乳液形式;或呈酏剂或糖浆形式;和其类似物;各自含有预定量的本发明的化合物作为活性成分。
当以固体剂量形式打算用于经口投予时,本发明的药物组合物将通常包括活性剂和一或多种药学上可接受的载剂,例如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙。任选地或替代地,这些固体剂型还可包括:填充剂或增量剂、粘合剂、保湿剂、溶液阻滞剂、吸收加速剂、湿润剂、吸附剂、润滑剂、着色剂和缓冲剂。释放剂、湿润剂、包衣剂、甜味剂、调味剂和芳香剂、防腐剂和抗氧化剂也可存在于本发明的药物组合物中。
替代调配物还可包含控制释放调配物、用于经口投予的液体剂量形式、经皮贴片和非经肠调配物。制备这些替代调配物的常规赋形剂和方法描述于例如前述雷明顿(Remington)参考文献中。
以下非限制性实例说明本发明的代表性药物组合物。
干燥散剂组合物
将微米尺寸化式(I)化合物(1g)与研磨的乳糖(25g)掺合。接着,将此掺合混合物以每剂量足以提供约0.1mg到约4mg之间的式(I)化合物的量装载到可剥离泡壳封装的单独泡壳中。使用干燥散剂吸入器投予泡壳的内含物。
干燥散剂组合物
将微米尺寸化式(I)化合物(1g)与研磨的乳糖(20g)掺合,以形成化合物与研磨的乳糖的重量比为1:20的主体组合物。将掺合组合物封装于每剂量能够输送约0.1mg到约4mg之间的式(I)化合物的干燥散剂吸入装置中。
定量吸入器组合物
将微米尺寸化式(I)化合物(10g)分散于通过使卵磷脂(0.2g)溶解于去矿物质水(200mL)中所制备的溶液中。喷雾干燥所得悬浮液,且接着微米尺寸化以形成包括平均直径小于约1.5μm的粒子的微米尺寸化组合物。接着,将微米尺寸化组合物装载到以当通过定量吸入器投予时每剂量足以提供约0.1mg到约4mg式(I)化合物的量含有加压1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷的定量吸入器套筒中。
喷雾器组合物
将式(I)化合物(25mg)溶解于含有1.5-2.5当量盐酸的溶液中,随后添加氢氧化钠以将pH调节到3.5到5.5和3重量%的甘油。充分搅拌溶液直到所有组分溶解为止。使用每剂量提供约0.1mg到约4mg式(I)化合物的喷雾器装置投予溶液。
效用
本发明的JAK抑制剂已被设计用于治疗呼吸道的发炎性和纤维化疾病。特定而言,化合物被设计成使得能够将有效抗细胞因子试剂直接输送到肺中的呼吸疾病作用位点,同时限制全身性暴露。
已经展示本发明的化合物为以下酶的JAK家族的有效抑制剂:JAK1、JAK2、JAK3和TYK2。此外,证实化合物1-6有效抑制促炎性和促纤维化细胞因子。已认识到,JAK抑制剂的广泛抗炎性作用可抑制正常免疫细胞功能,潜在地导致感染风险提高。本化合物因此已被优化以限制从肺到血浆中的吸收,因此使免疫抑制风险降到最低。
如以下实验部分中所描述,化合物1-6的吸收和分布已在临床前分析中描绘。化合物1-6在小鼠中进行测试且在给药后5小时展示肺组织中的高浓度和到血浆中的低吸收。已经展示化合物1-6抑制小鼠肺组织中的促炎性细胞因子IL-13的作用。具体来说,已经正式化合物抑制STAT6在肺组织中的IL-13诱导的磷酸化,这提供活体内局部肺JAK靶标参与的证据。当在投予测试化合物之后4小时投予促炎性细胞因子IL-13时观测到此作用,从而提供肺中的显著滞留的其它证据。
已经证实化合物1-6在肺组织中的细胞水平和显著滞留方面展现两个有效抑制活性。本发明者广泛调查测定,虽然有可能识别在细胞水平下有效的化合物或展示肺中的显著滞留的化合物,但发现同时展现两个所需特征的化合物更加困难。
JAK抑制剂的抗炎性活性已稳固地在哮喘的临床前模型中证实(马拉维亚(Malaviya)等人,《国际免疫药理学(Int.Immunopharmacol.)》,2010,10,829-836;松永(Matsunaga)等人,《生物化学和生物物理研究通讯(Biochem.andBiophys.Res.Commun.)》,2011,404,261-267;库德拉茨(Kudlacz)等人,《欧洲临床药理学杂志(Eur.J.Pharmacol)》,2008,582,154-161)。涉及经由JAK-STAT路径传导信号的哮喘发炎的细胞因子包含:IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-9、IL-11、IL-13、IL-23、IL-31、IL-27、胸腺基质淋巴生成素(TSLP)、干扰素-γ(IFNγ)和粒细胞-巨噬细胞群落刺激因子(GM-CSF)。因此,本发明的化合物预期适用于治疗发炎性呼吸道病症,尤其哮喘。肺的发炎和纤维化的特征在于除了哮喘之外的其它呼吸道疾病,例如慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、囊肿性纤维化(CF)、肺炎、间质性肺病(包含特发性肺纤维化)、急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合症、支气管炎、气肿、阻塞性细支气管炎和结节病。因此,本发明化合物也预期适用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺病、囊肿性纤维化、肺炎、间质性肺病(包含特发性肺纤维化)、急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合症、支气管炎、气肿、阻塞性细支气管炎和结节病。
当与其对应氟基类似物(化合物C-1到C-6)进行比较时,化合物1-6经展示具有类似的JAK活性。然而,其具有引起硫酸化代谢显著减少的优点,如分析5中所证实。此为重要的,因为硫酸化代谢发生在肺部,其可能引起活性亲本化合物的暴露快速减少。
本公开的化合物1-6经证实抑制与发炎相关的细胞因子。因此,本公开的化合物可能适用于治疗某些特定呼吸道疾病,如下文详述。
嗜酸性粒细胞性气管发炎为统称为嗜酸性粒细胞性肺病的疾病的典型特征(科丁(Cottin)等人,《胸科诊所(Clin.Chest.Med.)》,2016,37(3),535-56)。嗜酸性粒细胞性疾病与IL-4、IL-13和IL-5信号传导相关。嗜酸性粒细胞性肺病包含感染(具体来说蠕虫感染)、药物诱导的肺炎(例如通过例如抗生素、苯妥英(phenytoin)或l-色氨酸的治疗药物诱导)、真菌诱导的肺炎(例如,过敏性支气管肺曲霉病)、过敏性肺炎和伴随多血管炎的嗜酸性粒细胞性肉芽肿(先前已知为彻奇-斯全司综合症(Churg-Strauss syndrome))。未知病因的嗜酸性粒细胞性肺病包含特发性急性嗜酸性粒细胞性肺炎、特发性慢性嗜酸性粒细胞性肺炎、嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合症和吕弗勒综合症(syndrome)。
IL-6基因中的多形现象与升高的IL-6水平和增加的发生肺动脉高血压(PAH)的风险有关(范(Fang)等人,《美国高血压学会杂志(J.Am.Soc.Hypertens.)》,2017,11(3),171-177)。确证IL-6于PAH中的作用,IL-6受体链gp130的抑制改善了PAH大鼠模型中的疾病(黄(Huang)等人,《加拿大心脏病学杂志(Can.J.Cardiol.)》,2016,32(11),1356.e1-1356.e10)。
例如IFNγ、IL-12和IL-6的细胞因子已涉及一定范围的非过敏性肺病(例如结节病)和肺淋巴管平滑肌增生症(哈希姆(El-Hashemite)等人,《美国呼吸系统细胞和分子生物学杂志(Am.J.Respir.Cell.Mol.Biol.)》,2005,33,227-230,和哈希姆等人,《癌症研究(Cancer Res.)》,2004,64,3436-3443)。也展示本发明的化合物抑制IL-6和IFNγ信号传导。
支气管扩张症和浸润性肺病为与慢性嗜中性粒细胞性发炎有关的疾病。
病理性T细胞活化对于多种呼吸道疾病的病因至关重要。自体反应性T细胞在阻塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎(也称为COS)中起作用。类似于COS,肺移植排斥反应的病因与移植供体肺的受体T细胞的异常T细胞活化有关。肺移植排斥反应可早期以原发性移植物功能障碍(PGD)、机化性肺炎(OP)、急性排斥反应(AR)或淋巴细胞性细支气管炎(LB)形式发生,或其可在肺移植后数年以慢性肺同种异体移植物功能障碍(CLAD)形式发生。CLAD先前已知为阻塞性细支气管炎(BO),但现在被认为可具有不同病理学表达的综合症,包含BO、限制性CLAD(rCLAD或RAS)和嗜中性粒细胞性同种异体移植物功能障碍。慢性肺同种异体移植物功能障碍(CLAD)为长期管理肺移植受体中的主要挑战,因为其造成移植肺逐渐失去功能(高蒂耶等人,《当前移植报告(Curr Transplant Rep.)》,2016,3(3),185-191)。CLAD对治疗的反应不佳,且因此,仍需要能够预防或治疗此病况的有效化合物。例如IFNγ和IL-5的若干JAK依赖性细胞因子在CLAD和肺移植排斥反应中上调(贝拉斯特吉等人,《临床移植》2017,31,e12898)。此外,在JAK依赖性IFN信号传导下游的CXCR3趋化因子(例如CXCL9和CXCL10)的高肺含量与肺移植患者的恶化结果有关(希罗等人,《公共科学图书馆·综合》,2017,12(7),e0180281)。展示全身性JAK抑制在肾脏移植排斥反应中有效(维琴蒂等人,《美国移植杂志》,2012,12,2446-56)。因此,JAK抑制剂有可能有效治疗或预防肺移植排斥反应和CLAD。如描述为肺移植排斥反应的基础的类似T细胞活化事件也视为造血干细胞移植后可能发生的肺移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的主要驱动因素。类似于CLAD,肺GVHD为一种慢性进行性病况,其结果极其不佳且目前尚无经批准的治疗。95位接受全身性JAK抑制剂卢佐替尼作为补救治疗的患有类固醇难治性急性或慢性GVHD的患者的回溯性多中心调查研究证实,大多数患者(包含患有肺GVHD的这些患者)对卢佐替尼完全或部分反应(泽斯特等人,《白血病》,2015,29,10,2062-68)。由于全身性JAK抑制与严重不良事件和小治疗指数相关,仍需要吸入肺部定向的非全身性JAK抑制剂以预防和/或治疗肺移植排斥反应或肺GVHD。本发明的化合物具有满足此需求所需的特征。近年来,免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的肺炎(另一种T细胞介导的肺病)随着免疫检查点抑制剂的使用增加而出现。在用这些T细胞刺激剂治疗的癌症患者中,可能产生致死性肺炎。
经混合淋巴细胞反应分析为模拟移植排斥反应的活体外分析。展示化合物1有效地抑制IFNγ分泌。
因此,在一个方面中,本发明提供一种治疗哺乳动物(例如,人类)的呼吸道疾病的方法,所述方法包含向哺乳动物投予治疗有效量的本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括药学上可接受的载剂和本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一个方面中,呼吸道疾病为哮喘、囊肿性纤维化、肺炎、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、囊肿性纤维化(CF)、肺炎、间质性肺病(包含特发性肺纤维化)、急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合症、支气管炎、气肿、阻塞性细支气管炎或结节病。在另一方面中,呼吸道疾病为哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病。
在一个方面中,呼吸道疾病为肺部感染、嗜酸性粒细胞性疾病、蠕虫感染、结节病、肺淋巴管平滑肌增生症、浸润性肺病、药物诱导的肺炎、真菌诱导的肺炎、过敏性支气管肺曲霉病、过敏性肺炎、伴随多血管炎的嗜酸性粒细胞性肉芽肿、特发性急性嗜酸性粒细胞性肺炎、特发性慢性嗜酸性粒细胞性肺炎、嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合症、吕弗勒综合症、阻塞性细支气管炎伴有机化肺炎、急性和慢性肺移植排斥反应(包含PGD、OP、LB、AR和CLAD、BO、限制性CLAD和嗜中性粒细胞性同种异体移植物功能障碍)、肺移植物抗宿主病、阻塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎、肺动脉高血压、支气管扩张症或免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的肺炎。
本发明进一步提供一种治疗哺乳动物的哮喘的方法,所述方法包括向哺乳动物投予治疗有效量的本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括药学上可接受的载剂和本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
当用于治疗哮喘时,本发明的化合物将通常以单次日剂量或以每天多次剂量形式投予,但可使用其它投予形式。每剂量投予的活性剂的量或每天投予的总量将通常由医师根据相关情况来确定,所述相关情况包含待治疗的病况、所选投药途径、投予的实际化合物和其相对活性、个别患者的年龄、体重和反应、患者症状的严重程度和其类似物。
本公开进一步提供一种治疗哺乳动物的呼吸道疾病(包含(但不限于)本文中所描述的疾病)的方法,所述方法包括向哺乳动物投予治疗有效量的本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括药学上可接受的载剂和本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
当用于治疗呼吸道疾病(包含(但不限于)本文中所描述的疾病)时,本公开的化合物将通常以单次日剂量或以每天多次剂量形式投予,但可使用其它投予形式。每剂量投予的活性剂的量或每天投予的总量将通常由医师根据相关情况来确定,所述相关情况包含待治疗的病况、所选投药途径、投予的实际化合物和其相对活性、个别患者的年龄、体重和反应、患者症状的严重程度和其类似物。
作为JAK抑制剂,本公开的化合物也可适用于多种其它疾病。本公开的化合物可适用于多种胃肠发炎病症,包含(但不限于)发炎性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎(直肠乙状结肠炎、全结肠炎、溃疡性直肠炎和左侧结肠炎)、克罗恩氏病(Crohn's disease)、胶原性结肠炎、淋巴细胞性结肠炎、白塞氏病(Behcet's disease)、乳糜泻、免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的结肠炎、回肠炎、嗜酸性粒细胞性食道炎、移植物抗宿主疾病相关的结肠炎和感染性结肠炎。溃疡性结肠炎(雷蒙德(Reimund)等人,《临床免疫学杂志(J.Clin.Immunology)》,1996,16,144-150)、克罗恩氏病(伍伊沃特(Woywodt)等人,《欧洲胃肠与肝病杂志(Eur.J.Gastroenterology Hepatology)》,1999,11,267-276)、胶原性结肠炎(库马瓦特(Kumawat)等人,《分子免疫学(Mol.Immunology)》,2013,55,355-364)、淋巴细胞性结肠炎(库马瓦特等人,2013)、嗜酸性粒细胞性食道炎(温布兰德-古奇伯格(Weinbrand-Goichberg)等人,《免疫研究(Immunol.Res.)》,2013,56,249-260)、移植物抗宿主疾病相关的结肠炎(科希尔(Coghill)等人,《血液(Blood)》,2001,117,3268-3276)、感染性结肠炎(斯托马赫(Stallmach)等人,《国际大肠疾病杂志(Int.J.Colorectal Dis.)》,2004,19,308-315)、白塞氏病(周(Zhou)等人,《自体免疫综述(Autoimmun.Rev.)》,2012,11,699-704)、乳糜泻(德尼托(de Nitto)等人,《世界胃肠病学杂志(World J.Gastroenterol.)》,2009,15,460(9-4614)、免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的结肠炎(例如,CTLA-4抑制剂诱导的结肠炎;矢野(Yano)等人,《转化医学杂志(J.Translation.Med.)》,2014,12,191)、PD-1或PD-L1抑制剂诱导的结肠炎)和回肠炎(山本(Yamamoto)等人,《消化系统和肝脏疾病(Dig.LiverDis.)》,2008,40,253-259)的特征为某些促炎性细胞因子水平的升高。因为许多促炎性细胞因子经由JAK活化进行信号传导,因此本申请中所描述的化合物可能能够减轻发炎且提供症状缓解。尤其,本公开的化合物可适用于诱导且维持溃疡性结肠炎的缓解,且用于治疗克罗恩氏病、免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的结肠炎和移植物抗宿主疾病中的胃肠不良效应。因此,在一个方面中,本公开提供一种治疗哺乳动物(例如,人类)的胃肠发炎性疾病的方法,所述方法包括向哺乳动物投予本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或药物组合物,所述药物组合物包括药学上可接受的载剂和本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
异位性皮肤炎和其它发炎性皮肤病与依赖于JAK-STAT路径的促炎性细胞因子的升高有关。因此,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可能有益于许多皮肤发炎或瘙痒病况,其包含(但不限于)异位性皮肤炎、斑秃、白癜风、牛皮癣、皮肌炎、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤(纳特迟波克(Netchiporouk)等人,《细胞周期(Cell Cycle)》2014;13,3331-3335)和亚型(塞扎莱综合症(Sezary syndrome)、蕈样霉菌病、佩吉特样网状细胞增多症(pagetoidreticulosis)、肉芽肿性松弛皮肤、淋巴瘤样丘疹病、慢性苔藓样糠疹、急性痘疮样苔癣样糠疹、CD30+皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、继发性皮肤CD30+大细胞淋巴瘤、非蕈样霉菌病CD30-皮肤大T细胞淋巴瘤、多形性T细胞淋巴瘤、伦纳特淋巴瘤(Lennert lymphoma)、皮下T细胞淋巴瘤、血管中心性淋巴瘤、母细胞性NK细胞淋巴瘤)、结节性痒疹、扁平苔藓、原发性局部皮肤淀粉样变性、大疱性类天疱疮、移植物抗宿主病的皮肤表达、类天疱疮、盘状狼疮、环状肉芽肿、慢性单纯性苔癣、外阴/阴囊/肛周瘙痒症、硬化性苔癣、带状疱疹后神经痛痒、扁平苔藓和脱发性毛囊炎。尤其,异位性皮肤炎(包(Bao)等人,《JAK-STAT》,2013,2,e24137)、斑秃(邢(Xing)等人,《自然医学(Nat.Med.)》2014,20,1043-1049)、白斑病(克雷格洛(Craiglow)等人,《JAMA皮肤科(JAMA Dermatol.)》2015,151,1110-1112)、结节性痒疹(桑科利(Sonkoly)等人,《变态反应与临床免疫学杂志(J.Allergy Clin.Immunol.)》2006,117,411-417)、扁平苔癣(韦尔兹-库比亚克(Welz-Kubiak)等人,《免疫学杂志(J.Immunol.Res.)》2015,ID:854747)、原发性局部皮肤淀粉样变性(田中(Tanaka)等人,《英国皮肤病学杂志(Br.J.Dermatol.)》2009,161,1217-1224)、大疱性类天疱疮(费利西亚尼(Feliciani)等人,《国际免疫病理学和药理学杂志(Int.J.Immunopathol.Pharmacol.)》1999,12,55-61)和移植物抗宿主疾病的皮肤表达(冲山(Okiyama)等人,《研究皮肤病学杂志(J.Invest.Dermatol.)》2014,134,992-1000)的特征为经由JAK活化传导信号的某些细胞因子的升高。因此,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可能能够减轻由这些细胞因子驱动的相关皮肤炎或瘙痒症。尤其,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可预期适用于治疗异位性皮肤炎和其它发炎性皮肤病。因此,在一个方面中,本公开提供一种治疗哺乳动物(例如,人类)的发炎性皮肤病的方法,所述方法包括向哺乳动物的皮肤施加包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和医药载剂的药物组合物。在一个方面中,发炎性皮肤病为异位性皮肤炎。
展示许多眼部疾病展与依赖于JAK-STAT路径的促炎性细胞因子的升高有关。因此,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可适用于治疗许多眼部疾病,包含(但不限于)葡萄膜炎、糖尿病性视网膜病变、糖尿病性黄斑水肿、干眼病、年龄相关的黄斑变性以及异位性角膜结膜炎。尤其,葡萄膜炎(霍来(Horai)和卡斯皮(Caspi),《干扰素和细胞因子研究杂志(J.Interferon Cytokine Res.)》,2011,31,733-744)、糖尿病性视网膜病变(阿伯楱维(Abcouwer),《临床免疫学杂志(J.Clin.Cell.Immunol.)》,2013,增刊1,1-12)、糖尿病性黄斑水肿(索恩(Sohn)等人,《美国眼科杂志(American Journal of Opthamology)》,2011,152,686-694)、干眼病(史蒂文森(Stevenson)等人,《眼科学文献(Arch.Ophthalmol.)》,2012,130,90-100)和年龄相关的黄斑变性(尼克贝恩(Knickelbein)等人,《国际眼科诊所(Int.Ophthalmol.Clin.)》,2015,55(3),63-78)的特征为经由JAK-STAT路径传导信号的某些促炎性细胞因子的升高。因此,本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可能能够减轻相关眼部发炎且逆转疾病进展或提供症状缓解。因此,在一个方面中,本公开提供一种治疗哺乳动物的眼部疾病的方法,所述方法包括向哺乳动物的眼部投予包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和医药载剂的药物组合物。在一个方面中,眼部疾病为葡萄膜炎、糖尿病性视网膜病变、糖尿病性黄斑水肿、干眼病、年龄相关的黄斑变性或异位性角膜结膜炎。在一个方面中,所述方法包括通过玻璃体内注射投予本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可与一或多种适用于眼部疾病的化合物组合使用。
本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可适用于治疗其它疾病,例如其它发炎疾病、自体免疫疾病或癌症。本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可用于治疗以下中的一或多种:关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、青少年类风湿性关节炎、移植排斥反应、干眼症、牛皮癣性关节炎、糖尿病、胰岛素依赖性糖尿病、运动神经元疾病、骨髓发育不良综合症、疼痛、肌肉减少症、恶病质、败血性休克、全身性红斑性狼疮症、白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性骨髓细胞性白血病、急性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性骨髓性白血病、僵直性脊椎炎、骨髓纤维化、B细胞淋巴瘤、肝细胞癌、霍奇金氏病(Hodgkins disease)、乳癌、多发性骨髓瘤、黑素瘤、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢透明细胞癌瘤、卵巢肿瘤、胰脏肿瘤、真性红细胞增多症、休格连综合症(Sjoegrens syndrome)、软组织肉瘤、肉瘤、脾肿大、T细胞淋巴瘤以及重型地中海贫血。
组合疗法
本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可与通过相同机制或不同机制起作用来治疗疾病的一或多种试剂组合使用。不同试剂可在独立组合物或相同组合物中依序或同时投予。用于组合疗法的适用类别的试剂包含(但不限于):β2肾上腺素受体激动剂、蕈毒碱受体拮抗剂、糖皮质激素激动剂、G蛋白偶合受体-44拮抗剂、白三烯D4拮抗剂、蕈毒碱M3受体拮抗剂、组织胺H1受体拮抗剂、免疫球蛋白E拮抗剂、PDE 4抑制剂、IL-4拮抗剂、蕈毒碱M1受体拮抗剂、组织胺受体拮抗剂、IL-13拮抗剂、IL-5拮抗剂、5-脂肪加氧酶抑制剂、β肾上腺素受体激动剂、CCR3趋化因子拮抗剂、CFTR刺激剂、免疫球蛋白调节剂、白介素33配位体抑制剂、PDE 3抑制剂、磷酸肌醇-3激酶δ抑制剂、凝血脂素A2拮抗剂、弹性蛋白酶抑制剂、Kit酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、白三烯E4拮抗剂、白三烯拮抗剂、PGD2拮抗剂、TNFα配位体抑制剂、TNF结合剂、补体级联抑制剂、伊红趋素配位体抑制剂、谷胱甘肽还原酶抑制剂、组织胺H4受体拮抗剂、IL-6拮抗剂、IL2基因刺激剂、免疫球蛋白γFc受体IIB调节剂、干扰素γ配位体、白介素13配位体抑制剂、白介素17配位体抑制剂、L-选择蛋白拮抗剂、白细胞弹性蛋白酶抑制剂、白三烯C4拮抗剂、白三烯C4合成酶抑制剂、膜铜胺氧化酶抑制剂、金属蛋白酶-12抑制剂、金属蛋白酶-9抑制剂、螨过敏原调节剂、蕈毒碱受体调节剂、烟碱酸乙酰胆碱受体激动剂、核因子κB抑制剂、p-选择蛋白拮抗剂、PDE 5抑制剂、PDGF受体拮抗剂、磷酸肌醇-3激酶γ抑制剂、TLR-7激动剂、TNF拮抗剂、Abl酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、乙酰胆碱受体拮抗剂、酸性哺乳动物壳质酶抑制剂、ACTH受体激动剂、肌动蛋白聚合调节剂、腺苷A1受体拮抗剂、腺苷酸环化酶刺激剂、肾上腺素受体拮抗剂、促肾上腺皮质激素配位体、醇脱氢酶5抑制剂、α1抗胰蛋白酶刺激剂、α1蛋白酶抑制剂、雄激素受体调节剂、血管收缩素转化酶2刺激剂、ANP激动剂、Bcr蛋白抑制剂、β1肾上腺素受体拮抗剂、β2肾上腺素受体拮抗剂、β2肾上腺素受体调节剂、β淀粉样蛋白调节剂、BMP10基因抑制剂、BMP15基因抑制剂、钙通道抑制剂、组织蛋白酶G抑制剂、CCL26基因抑制剂、CCR3趋化因子调节剂、CCR4趋化因子拮抗剂、细胞粘附分子抑制剂、伴侣蛋白刺激剂、壳质酶抑制剂、胶原蛋白I拮抗剂、补体C3抑制剂、CSF-1拮抗剂、CXCR2趋化因子拮抗剂、细胞因子受体共享β链调节剂、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞蛋白-4刺激剂、脱氧核糖核酸酶I刺激剂、脱氧核糖核酸酶刺激剂、二肽基肽酶I抑制剂、DNA旋转酶抑制剂、DP前列腺素受体调节剂、E-选择蛋白拮抗剂、EGFR家族酪氨酸激酶受体抑制剂、弹性蛋白调节剂、内皮素ET-A拮抗剂、内皮素ET-B拮抗剂、环氧化物水解酶抑制剂、FGF3受体拮抗剂、Fyn酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、GATA 3转录因子抑制剂、葡糖神经酰胺酶调节剂、谷氨酸受体调节剂、GM-CSF配位体抑制剂、鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂、H+K+ATP酶抑制剂、血红素调节剂、肝素激动剂、组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂、组蛋白脱乙酰酶-2刺激剂、HMG CoA还原酶抑制剂、I-κB激酶β抑制剂、ICAM1基因抑制剂、IL-17拮抗剂、IL-17受体调节剂、IL-23拮抗剂、IL-4受体调节剂、免疫球蛋白G调节剂、免疫球蛋白G1激动剂、免疫球蛋白G1调节剂、免疫球蛋白εFc受体IA拮抗剂、免疫球蛋白γFc受体IIB拮抗剂、免疫球蛋白κ调节剂、胰岛素敏化剂、干扰素β配位体、白介素1样受体拮抗剂、白介素18配位体抑制剂、白介素受体17A拮抗剂、白介素-1β配位体抑制剂、白介素-5配位体抑制剂、白介素-6配位体抑制剂、KCNA电压门控钾通道-3抑制剂、Kit配位体抑制剂、层粘连蛋白-5激动剂、白三烯CysLT1受体拮抗剂、白三烯CysLT2受体拮抗剂、LOXL2基因抑制剂、Lyn酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、MARCKS蛋白抑制剂、MDR相关蛋白4抑制剂、金属蛋白酶-2调节剂、金属蛋白酶-9调节剂、盐皮质素受体拮抗剂、蕈毒碱M2受体拮抗剂、蕈毒碱M4受体拮抗剂、蕈毒碱M5受体拮抗剂、利尿钠肽受体A激动剂、自然杀手细胞受体调节剂、烟碱酸ACh受体α7亚单元刺激剂、NK细胞受体调节剂、核因子κB调节剂、类鸦片生长因子受体激动剂、P-糖蛋白抑制剂、P2X3嘌呤受体拮抗剂、p38 MAP激酶抑制剂、肽酶1调节剂、磷脂酶A2抑制剂、磷脂酶C抑制剂、纤维蛋白溶酶原活化剂抑制剂1抑制剂、血小板激活因子受体拮抗剂、PPARγ激动剂、前列腺环素激动剂、蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、SH2结构域肌醇磷酸酶1刺激剂、信号转导抑制剂、钠通道抑制剂、STAT-3调节剂、干细胞抗原-1抑制剂、超氧化物歧化酶调节剂、T细胞表面糖蛋白CD28抑制剂、T细胞表面糖蛋白CD8抑制剂、TGFβ激动剂、TGFβ拮抗剂、凝血脂素合成酶抑制剂、胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(lymphopoietin)配位体抑制剂、胸腺素激动剂、胸腺素β4配位体、TLR-8激动剂、TLR-9激动剂、TLR9基因刺激剂、拓朴异构酶IV抑制剂、肌钙蛋白I快速骨骼肌刺激剂、肌钙蛋白T快速骨骼肌刺激剂、I型IL-1受体拮抗剂、II型TNF受体调节剂、离子通道调节剂、子宫球蛋白刺激剂和VIP激动剂。
可与本JAK抑制剂化合物组合使用的特定试剂包含(但不限于):醋酸罗斯普特(rosiptor acetate)、芜地溴铵(umeclidinium bromide)、塞库金单抗(secukinumab)、醋酸米特法林(metenkefalin acetate)、醋酸特瑞得卡(tridecactide acetate)、丙酸氟替卡松(fluticasone propionate)、α-环糊精稳定的萝卜硫素、特泽派单抗(tezepelumab)、糠酸莫米松(mometasone furoate)、BI-1467335、度匹鲁单抗(dupilumab)、阿地铵(aclidinium)、福莫特罗(formoterol)、AZD-1419、HI-1640V、瑞威潘塞(rivipansel)、CMP-001、甘露醇、ANB-020、奥马珠单抗(omalizumab)、曲加力单抗(tregalizumab)、米提扎西(Mitizax)、苯纳珠单抗(benralizumab)、戈利木单抗(golimumab)、罗氟司特(roflumilast)、伊马替尼(imatinib)、REGN-3500、马赛替尼(masitinib)、阿普司特(apremilast)、RPL-554、阿克姆(Actimmune)、阿达木单抗(adalimumab)、卢帕他定(rupatadine)、帕罗格列(parogrelil)、MK-1029、二丙酸倍氯米松(beclometasonedipropionate)、富马酸福莫特罗(formoterol fumarate)、莫格利珠单抗(mogamulizumab)、塞曲司特(seratrodast)、UCB-4144、纳米昔布(nemiralisib)、CK-2127107、非维兰特(fevipiprant)、达尼利辛(danirixin)、波生坦(bosentan)、阿巴西普(abatacept)、EC-18、杜维昔布(duvelisib)、多西普林斯顿(dociparstat)、环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、沙丁胺醇(salbutamol)HFA、厄多司坦(erdosteine)、PrEP-001、奈多罗米(nedocromil)、CDX-0158、沙丁胺醇、恩博沙(enobosarm)、R-TPR-022、朗齐鲁单抗(lenzilumab)、糠酸氟替卡松(fluticasone furoate)、三氟甲磺酸威兰特罗(vilanteroltrifenatate)、沙美特罗(salmeterol)、PT-007、PRS-060、雷米特梅尔-L(remestemcel-L)、瓜氨酸、RPC-4046、氧化氮、DS-102、吉瑞利单抗(gerilimzumab)、阿克泰(Actair)、芜地铵(umeclidinium)、威兰特罗(vilanterol)、AG-NPP709、凯明斯(Gamunex)、英利昔单抗(infliximab)、阿美匹恩(Ampion)、阿库马皮莫德(acumapimod)、康纳单抗(canakinumab)、INS-1007、CYP-001、思鲁库单抗(sirukumab)、美泊利单抗(mepolizumab)、匹伐他汀(pitavastatin)、索利霉素(solithromycin)、依那西普(etanercept)、依伐卡托(ivacaftor)、阿那白滞素(anakinra)、MPC-300-IV、格隆溴铵(glycopyrronium bromide)、阿地溴铵(aclidinium bromide)、FP-025、里森基单抗(risankizumab)、格隆铵(glycopyrronium)、阿迪迫赛(Adipocell)、YPL-001、噻托溴铵(tiotropium bromide)、马来酸茚达特罗(indacaterol maleate)、安德西单抗(andecaliximab)、奥达特罗(olodaterol)、埃索美拉唑(esomeprazole)、尘螨疫苗、艾蒿花粉过敏原疫苗、万莫龙(vamorolone)、格法皮克斯(gefapixant)、瑞芬那新(revefenacin)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)、瑞胶因(ReJoin)、泰鲁斯特(tipelukast)、贝多拉明(bedoradrine)、SCM-CGH、SHP-652、RNS-60、布罗达单抗(brodalumab)、BIO-11006、异丙托溴铵(ipratropiumbromide)、塔罗金单抗(tralokinumab)、PUR-1800、VX-561、VX-371、奥洛他定(olopatadine)、妥布特罗(tulobuterol)、曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide)、瑞利珠单抗(reslizumab)、羟萘甲酸沙美特罗(salmeterol xinafoate)、利盖利珠单抗(ligelizumab)、RUTI、柏替木单抗(bertilimumab)、SENS-111、CHF-5992、LT-4001、茚达特罗(indacaterol)、菲索芬那定(fexofenadine)、阿奇霉素(azithromycin)、AZD-7594、CHF-6001、贝特芬特罗(batefenterol)、OATD-01、CJM-112、罗格列酮(rosiglitazone)、沙美特罗、塞提普兰特(setipiprant)、吸入干扰素β、AZD-8871、普卡那肽(plecanatide)、氟替卡松、沙美特罗、二十碳五烯酸单甘油酸酯(eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride)、雷布瑞奇单抗(lebrikizumab)、RG-6149、QBKPN、莫米松(Mometasone)、AZD-9898、丙酮酸钠、齐留通(zileuton)、CG-201、咪达那新(imidafenacin)、CNTO-6785、CLBS-03、RGN-137、丙卡特罗(procaterol)、CCI-15106、POL-6014、倍氯米松(beclomethasone)、MV-130、GC-1112、艾瑞戈瓦克库(Allergovac depot)、MEDI-3506、QBW-251、ZPL-389、乌地那非(udenafil)、GSK-3772847、左旋西替利嗪(levocetirizine)、AXP-1275、ADC-3680、替马兰特(timapiprant)、阿贝特罗(abediterol)、硫酸沙丁胺醇(salbutamol sulfate)、塔得克尼α(tadekinig alfa)、ACT-774312、脱氧核糖酶α、伊洛前列素(iloprost)、阿利卡弗森(alicaforsen)、环索奈德(ciclesonide)、金刚砂胺(emeramide)、阿福莫特罗(arformoterol)、SB-010、奥扎格雷(Ozagrel)、BTT-1023、德克单抗(Dectrekumab)、左旋沙丁胺醇(levalbuterol)、普鲁司特(pranlukast)、玻尿酸、GSK-2292767、NOV-14、芦西纳坦(Lucinactant)、泼尼松龙(prednisolone)、依巴司汀(ebastine)、地塞米松培酯(dexamethasone cipecilate)、GSK-2586881、BI-443651、GSK-2256294、VR-179、VR-096、hdm-ASIT+、布地奈德(budesonide)、GSK-2245035、VTX-1463、依美斯汀(Emedastine)、右旋普拉克索(dexpramipexole)、N-6022、地塞米松磷酸钠(dexamethasone sodiumphosphate)、PIN-201104、OPK-0018、TEV-48107、司特(suplatast)、BI-1060469、吉米鲁司特(Gemilukast)、干扰素γ、达拉扎提德(dalazatide)、比拉斯汀(bilastine)、RP-3128、苯环喹溴铵(bencycloquidium bromide)、PBF-680、CRTH2拮抗剂、噻托溴铵单水合物(tiotropium bromide monohydrate)、马鲁司特(masilukast)、RG-7990、TEV-46017、ASM-024、格隆溴铵TA-270、氟尼缩松(Flunisolide)、色甘酸钠、Epsi-gam、ZPL-521、阿肽地尔(aviptadil)、TRN-157、扎鲁司特(Zafirlukast)、斯迪姆喷索(Stempeucel)、哌罗来斯钠(pemirolast sodium)、纳多洛尔(nadolol)、丙酸氟替卡松+羟萘甲酸沙美特罗、RV-1729、二氧化碳+全氟辛基溴化物、APL-1、德克单抗+VAK-694、赖氨酸乙酰基水杨酸盐(lysineacetylsalicylate)、TR-4、人类同种异体脂肪衍生的间叶细胞祖细胞疗法、MEDI-9314、PL-3994、HMP-301、TD-5471、NKTT-120、哌罗来斯(pemirolast)、川丁特罗(trantinterol)、α鲁米诺单钠(monosodium alpha luminol)、IMD-1041、AM-211、TBS-5、ARRY-502、重组麦迪司麦斯(recombinant midismase)、ASM-8、地夫可特(deflazacort)、班布特罗(bambuterol)、RBx-10017609、异丙托铵(ipratropium)+非诺特罗(fenoterol)、氟替卡松+福莫特罗、依匹斯汀(epinastine)、WIN-901X、VALERGEN-DS、OligoG-COPD-5/20、奥克斯都保(oxisTurbuhaler)、DSP-3025、咪唑司汀(mizolastine)、布地奈德+沙美特罗、LH-011、AXP-E、组织胺人类免疫球蛋白、YHD-001、茶碱(theophylline)、胺溴素(ambroxol)+厄多司坦、雷马曲班(ramatroban)、孟鲁司特(montelukast)、AG-1321001、异丙托铵+沙丁胺醇、曲尼司特(tranilast)、磺庚甲泼尼松龙(methylprednisolone suleptanate)、考福辛达罗帕特(colforsin daropate)、瑞吡司特(repirinast)和多索茶碱(Doxofylline)。
本文还提供一种药物组合物,其包括本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和一或多种其它治疗剂。治疗剂可选自上文所规定的试剂类别和上文所描述的特定试剂的列表。在一些实施例中,药物组合物适用于输送到肺。在一些实施例中,药物组合物适用于吸入或喷雾投予。在一些实施例中,药物组合物为干燥散剂或液体组合物。
另外,在一方法方面中,本公开提供一种治疗哺乳动物的疾病或病症的方法,其包括向哺乳动物投予本公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和一或多种其它治疗剂。
当用于组合疗法中时,试剂可调配成单一药物组合物,或试剂可提供于单独组合物中,其同时或在不同时间通过相同或不同投予途径投予。这些组合物可分开地封装或可作为试剂盒封装在一起。试剂盒中两种或更多种治疗剂可通过相同投药途径或通过不同投药途径投予。
实例
提供以下合成和生物实例以说明本发明,且不以任何方式解释为限制本发明的范围。除非另外指示,否则在以下实例中,以下缩写具有以下含义。未在下文中定义的缩写具有其一般可接受的含义。
ACN=乙腈
DCM=二氯甲烷
DIPEA=N,N-二异丙基乙胺
DMF=N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
EtOAc=乙酸乙酯
h=小时
HATU=N,N,N',N'-四甲基-O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)脲鎓六氟磷酸盐
IPA=异丙醇
IPAc=乙酸异丙酯
MeOH=甲醇
min=分钟
Pd(PPh3)4=四(三苯基膦)钯(0)
RT=室温
TFA=三氟乙酸
THF=四氢呋喃
双(频哪醇根基)二硼=4,4,5,5,4',4',5',5'-八甲基-[2,2']二[[1,3,2]二氧杂硼杂环戊烷
试剂和溶剂购自商业供货商(奥尔德里奇(Aldrich)、鲁卡(Fluka)、西格玛(Sigma)等)且不经进一步纯化即使用。通过薄层色谱法(thin layer chromatography;TLC)、分析型高效液相色谱法(analytical high performance liquid chromatography;anal.HPLC)和质谱分析来监测反应混合物的进展。如在各反应中具体描述来处理反应混合物;通常通过萃取和其它纯化方法(例如温度依赖性和溶剂依赖性结晶和沉淀)来纯化反应混合物。此外,通过柱色谱法或通过制备型HPLC,通常使用C18或BDS柱填充物和常规洗脱剂来常规纯化反应混合物。下文描述典型的制备型HPLC条件。
通过质谱和1H-NMR光谱常规地进行反应产物的表征。对于NMR分析,将样品溶解于氘化溶剂(例如CD3OD、CDCl3或d6-DMSO)中,且在标准观测条件下用Varian Gemini2000仪器(400MHz)获得1H-NMR光谱。通过电喷雾电离法(electrospray ionization method;ESMS)用耦合到自动纯化系统的应用生物系统(Applied Biosystems)(加利福尼亚福斯特城(Foster City,CA))型号API 150EX仪器或沃特士(Waters)(马萨诸塞州米尔福德(Milford,MA))3100仪器来进行化合物的质谱识别。
制备型HPLC条件
柱:C18,5μm.21.2×150mm或C18,5μm 21×250或C14,5μm 21×150mm
柱温度:室温
流速:20.0mL/min
流动相:A=水+0.05%TFA
B=ACN+0.05%TFA,
注射体积:(100-1500μL)
检测器波长:214nm
将粗化合物以约50mg/mL溶解于1:1水:乙酸中。使用2.1×50mm C18柱进行4分钟分析规模测试操作,随后使用100μL注射液用基于分析规模测试操作的B滞留%进行15或20分钟制备型规模操作。确切梯度依赖于样品。用21×250mm C18柱和/或21×150mm C14柱检查具有紧密操作杂质的样品以进行最优选分离。通过质谱分析来识别含有所需产物的洗脱份。
制备1:4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基苯基)三氟-λ4-甲硼烷,钾盐I-5
(a)1-(苯甲氧基)-3-乙苯(I-2)
在室温下向3-乙酚(I-1)(25.0g,204.0mmol)于ACN(250mL,10体积)中的搅拌溶液中添加碳酸钾(42.0g,306mmol)。将所得反应块状物在室温下搅拌15分钟,随后以逐滴方式添加溴甲苯(24.0mL,204mmol)。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌6小时。在完成反应(TLC监测)之后,将所得反应块状物倒入水(1.0L)中,随后用EtOAc(2×2L)萃取化合物。经合并的有机物用冷水、盐水溶液洗涤且经硫酸钠干燥,过滤且在减压下蒸发。接着将粗产物通过硅胶(100-20 0M)柱色谱法,通过使用洗脱剂2%EtOAc/己烷来纯化,以得到作为淡黄色油性化合物的所需产物(I-2)(35.0g,81%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.46-7.44(m,2H),7.39(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.34-7.31(m,1H),7.21(t,J=7.6Hz),6.86-6.80(m,3H),5.07(s,2H),2.64(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.24(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。
(b)4-(苯甲氧基)-1-溴-2-乙苯(I-3)
历经15分钟的时间段向1-(苯甲氧基)-3-乙苯(I-2)(35.0g,164mmol)于ACN(525mL,15体积)中的冰冷搅拌溶液中逐份添加N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(32.0g,181mmol)。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌下一1小时。在完成反应(TLC监测)之后,将所得反应块状物倒入冰冷的水(1.50L)中,接着用EtOAc(2×1L)萃取化合物。经合并的有机物用水洗涤且经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并在减压下蒸发,以获得粗产物。将正己烷(250mL)添加到粗材料,产生研磨浆,随后经由烧结漏斗过滤。将母液在减压下蒸发,以获得作为淡黄色油性化合物的所需产物I-3(42.0g,87%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.52-7.29(m,7H),6.88(s,1H),6.68(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.04(s,2H),2.69(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.20(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。
(c)2-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷(I-4)
将4-(苯甲氧基)-1-溴-2-乙苯(I-3)(42.0g,144mmol)、双(频哪醇根基)二硼(44.0g,173mmol)和乙酸钾(28g,288mmol)于二恶烷(440mL)中的搅拌溶液通过吹扫N2(g)持续15min来脱气,随后添加PdCl2(dppf).DCM络合物(11.0g,15mmol)。使所得反应混合物加热到80℃持续下一16h。在完成反应(TLC监测)之后,使反应块状物经由硅藻土床过滤且将母液在减压下蒸发,以获得粗产物。粗残余物通过硅胶(100-200M)柱色谱法,通过使用洗脱剂1%EtOAc/己烷纯化,以得到作为淡黄色油性化合物的所需产物(I-4)(32.0g,66%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.74(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.45-7.36(m,5H),6.84-6.78(m,2H),5.08(s,2H),2.91(q,J=7.6Hz),1.33(s,12H),1.19(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。
(d)(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基苯基)三氟-λ4-甲硼烷,钾盐(I-5)
向化合物2-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷(I-4)(20g,59.0mmol)于丙酮:甲醇(200mL,1:1比率,10体积)中的搅拌溶液中添加3M氟化氢钾溶液(23.0g,295mmol,溶解于98.0mL水中)。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。在完成反应(TLC监测)之后,将所得反应块状物在减压下蒸发。将因此获得的固体溶解于水(100mL)中且在室温下搅拌30min。将所得反应块状物经由烧结漏斗过滤,用正己烷洗涤且在减压下干燥,以得到呈白色固体状的所需产物(I-5)(14.0g,74%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.43(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.37(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.30(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=8.0Hz),6.58(s,1H),6.53(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.00(s,2H),2.65(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.07(t,J=7.4Hz,3H)。
制备2:(S)-3-苯甲基-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)(I-11)
(a)(S)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,盐酸盐(I-7)
向L-组氨酸(I-6)(5.0kg,32.14mol)于水(40L,8体积)中的冰冷搅拌悬浮液中添加浓盐酸(3.93L,33.75mol),随后以逐滴方式添加甲醛(5.50L,67.5mol,37%水溶液)。将所得溶液在相同温度下搅拌30分钟且接着在80℃下加热8小时。通过LCMS监测反应进展。在减压下去除水以获得粗产物,且将所得粗物质在甲苯(20L)中搅拌2小时。将有机物在减压下去除以去除过量水且将化合物共沸干燥。接着将所得材料放入乙醚(20L)中且搅拌2小时。接着过滤固体材料且经空气干燥,以获得呈灰白色固体状的所需产物(I-7)(6.50Kg,85%)。1H NMR(400MHz,D2O)δ8.69(s,1H),4.56(d,J=15.4Hz,1H),4.42(d,J=15.5Hz,1H),4.20(dd,J=5.5,5.2Hz,1H),3.42(dd,J=5.0,17.0Hz,1H),3.11(dd,J=10.2,16.8Hz,1H)。
(b)(S)-3,5-双(叔丁氧基羰基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸(I-8)
向(S)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸二-盐酸盐(I-7)(6.10Kg,25.40mol)于1,4-二恶烷(48L,8体积)和水(48L,8体积)中的冰冷搅拌溶液中逐滴添加三乙胺(12.36L,89mol),随后历经30min的时间段添加二碳酸二叔丁酯(18.07L,78.74mol,溶解于5L的1,4-二恶烷中)。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌下一16小时。在完成反应(TLC&LCMS监测)之后,将微黄色反应混合物用水(10L)稀释且连续用乙醚(2×10L)和EtOAc(2×7.50L)洗涤。丢弃有机相。水层经冷却且用6N HCl溶液使其达到pH约3;用EtOAc(3×10L)萃取水相。经合并的有机物用盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,且在减压下浓缩。油性残余物从30%EtOAc:己烷结晶,以获得呈灰白色固体状的所需产物(I-8)(5.1Kg,55%)。(m/z):C17H25N3O6的[M+H]+计算值368.18,实验值368.21。
(c)(S)-6,7-二氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-3,5,6(4H)-三甲酸6-苯甲酯3,5-二-叔丁酯(I-9)
向(S)-3,5-双(叔丁氧基羰基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸(I-8)(5.1Kg,13.88mol)于DCM(51L,10体积)中的冰冷溶液中依序添加饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(41.0L,8体积)、四-丁基碘化铵(5.13Kg,13.88mol)和溴甲苯(2.47L,20.82mol)。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌下一16小时。在完成反应(TLC&LCMS监测)之后,分离二相溶液。用DCM(3×10L)萃取水层。经合并的有机物用盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤且在减压下浓缩以获得粗产物,所述粗产物通过经由硅胶(100-200M)柱色谱法,通过使用洗脱剂40%EtOAc/己烷纯化,以得到呈粘稠油状的所需产物(I-9)(4.50Kg,72%)。(m/z):C24H31N3O6的[M+H]+计算值458.22,实验值458.60。
(d)(S)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)(I-10)
向(S)-6,7-二氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-3,5,6(4H)-三甲酸6-苯甲酯3,5-二-叔丁酯(I-9)(4.50Kg,9.84mol)于IPA(45L,10体积)中的冰冷溶液中逐滴添加氢氧化铵(36L,8体积)。将所得反应混合物进一步在室温下搅拌下一16小时。在完成反应(TLC&LCMS监测)之后,将所得混合物用水(25L)稀释,接着用EtOAc(3×20L)萃取。经合并的有机物用盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤且在减压下浓缩以得到粗产物,所述粗产物通过经由硅胶(100-200M)柱色谱法,通过使用洗脱剂2%MeOH/DCM纯化,以获得呈厚的粘稠油状的所需产物(I-10)(2.70Kg,77%)。(m/z):C19H23N3O4的[M+H]+计算值358.17,实验值358.33。
(e)(S)-3-苯甲基-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)(I-11)
向(S)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)(I-10)(2.70kg,7.55mol)于DCM(32.4L,12体积)中的冰冷溶液中添加1N氢氧化钠水溶液(24.3L,9体积),随后依序添加四丁基碘化铵(2.80Kg,7.55mol)和溴甲苯(0.99L,8.31mol)。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌下一2小时。在完成反应(TLC&LCMS监测)之后,分离二相溶液。用DCM(3×10L)萃取水层。经合并的有机物用盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤且在减压下浓缩以得到粗产物,所述粗产物通过硅胶(100-200M)柱色谱法,通过使用洗脱剂40%EtOAc/己烷纯化,以获得呈粘稠油状的所需产物(I-11)(1.70Kg,63%)。(m/z):C26H29N3O4的[M+H]+计算值448.22,实验值448.20。
制备3:(S)-3-苯甲基-2-(6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)(I-16)
(a)4-溴-2-氟苯甲酰氯(I-13)
向4-溴-2-氟苯甲酸(I-12)(1.25Kg,5.71mol)于DCM(12.5L,15体积)中的冰冷搅拌溶液中以逐滴方式添加乙二酰氯(0.98L,11.42mol)。将所得反应混合物在相同温度下搅拌10min。接着将DMF(150mL)以逐滴方式添加到反应混合物。使所得反应块状物升温到室温且搅拌2小时。在完成反应(通过TLC监测)之后,在氮气气氛下在减压下去除过量乙二酰氯,以获得粗产物(I-13)(1.08Kg,80%),其不经进一步纯化即用于下一步骤中。
(b)(S)-3-苯甲基-2-(4-溴-2-氟苯甲酰基)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)(I-14)
在室温下向(S)-3-苯甲基-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)(I-11)(1.70Kg,3.80mol)于ACN(13.6L,8体积)中的搅拌溶液中添加三乙胺(2.11L,15.2mol),随后添加4-溴-2-氟苯甲酰氯(I-13)(1.08Kg,4.56mol于3.4L ACN中,2体积)。在完成添加之后,所得反应混合物颜色从淡黄色变为棕色。将所得反应混合物在相同温度下搅拌30min,且通过TLC监测反应进展。将所得反应混合物用冰冷的水(10L)淬灭,接着用EtOAc(3×5L)萃取且将经合并的有机物用盐水溶液洗涤。有机物经硫酸钠干燥,过滤且在减压下浓缩以得到粗产物,所述粗产物通过硅胶(100-200M)柱色谱法,通过使用洗脱剂20%EtOAc/己烷纯化,以获得所需产物(I-14)(1.74Kg,71%)。(m/z):C33H31BrFN3O5的[M+H]+计算值648.14,实验值648.20。
(c)(S)-3-苯甲基-2-(6-溴-1H-吲唑-3-基)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)(I-15)
在室温下,向(S)-3-苯甲基-2-(4-溴-2-氟苯甲酰基)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)(I-14)(1.74Kg,2.68mol)于THF(26.0L,15体积)中的搅拌溶液中添加水合肼(0.705L,13.4mol)。将所得反应混合物在60℃下加热3小时。在完成反应(TLC监测)之后,将所得反应块状物倒入冰冷的水(10L)中,接着用EtOAc(3×10L)萃取化合物。经合并的有机物用盐水洗涤且经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并且在减压下蒸发以得到粗产物,所述粗产物通过硅胶(100-200M)柱色谱法,通过使用洗脱剂20%EtOAc/己烷纯化,以获得呈灰白色固体状的所需产物(I-15)(1.12Kg,65%)。(m/z):C33H32BrN5O4的[M+H]+计算值642.16,实验值642.21。
(d)(S)-3-苯甲基-2-(6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)(I-16)
将双(频哪醇根基)二硼(250g,984mmol)与丙-2-醇(1882mL,2.46E+04mmol)一起装入到预先使用氟化学物质蚀刻的5L 3颈单壁烧瓶且搅拌混合物直到充分溶解为止。溶解为吸热的(-4℃)。在预先使用氟化学物质蚀刻的4L锥形瓶中,将氟化钾氢氟酸盐(538g,6891mmol)溶解于水(2.306L,1.28E+05mmol)中以形成3M溶液。溶解为吸热的(-12℃)。接着过滤溶液以从氟化钾氢氟酸盐去除少量不溶材料。一旦充分溶解两种溶液,那么历经15分钟将锥形瓶的内含物逐份装入到单壁烧瓶中。观测到适度发热(+10℃)。在添加期间,溶液变为厚而半透明的半不透光灰色研磨浆,且延长搅拌以保持内含物良好混合。将混合物搅拌1.5h,且接着经由粗糙的玻璃烧结漏斗(4L,预先蚀刻)过滤。需要30-45分钟来完成过滤。丢弃透明的二相滤过物。将白色固体在过滤器上干燥10分钟(观测到饼状物的裂解)。将固体转移回到干净的5L 3颈单壁烧瓶中且用水(1.33L,7.38E+04mmol)再制成浆液。将研磨浆搅拌2h,此后其形成透明的均匀水凝胶。将溶液搅拌另外1h,随即使用4L粗糙玻璃漏斗(预先蚀刻)滤除固体/凝胶。将固体在过滤器上干燥30分钟。将固体转移回到干净的5L 3颈单壁烧瓶且用丙酮(1.084L,1.48E+04mmol)再制成浆液。将白色/灰色研磨浆搅拌1h且接着在4L粗糙玻璃漏斗(预先蚀刻)上过滤。需要20分钟来完成过滤,且接着在漏斗上干燥另外1h。在此时间过程中,偶尔搅动固体以确保均匀干燥。淡白色粉末在干燥之后保留于过滤器上。将固体随着缓慢氮气渗出在真空下在55℃下干燥20h,以获得疏松白色固体(收集到200.3g)。
向(S)-3-苯甲基-2-(6-溴-1H-吲唑-3-基)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)(I-15)(10.0g,16.0mmol)于2-甲基四氢呋喃(100mL,10体积)中的搅拌溶液中添加(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基苯基)三氟-λ4-甲硼烷,钾盐(I-5)(8.0g,20mmol)和上文所获得的疏松白色固体(0.20g)。使所得反应混合物经氮气脱气30分钟。向此溶液中添加所制备的碳酸铯水溶液(20.0g,62.0mmol于60mL水中,6体积)。将所得反应混合物进一步脱气15分钟,随后添加双(二-叔丁基(4-二甲氨基苯基)膦)二氯化钯(II)(0.66g,0.93mmol),且将反应混合物在真空下排空并通过氮气冲洗。将所得反应混合物在110℃下加热20小时。在完成反应(TLC&LCMS监测)之后,使所得反应混合物冷却到室温且经由硅藻土床过滤,接着用EtOAc(3×0.5L)进一步洗涤。经合并的有机物用1N氢氧化钠溶液(3×0.5L)洗涤。接着经合并的有机物用盐水洗涤且经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,且在减压下蒸发以得到粗产物,所述粗产物通过硅胶(100-200M)柱色谱法,通过使用洗脱剂20%EtOAc/己烷纯化,以获得呈淡黄色固体状的所需产物(I-16)(作为N-苯甲基区位异构体的混合物)(8.0g,66%)。(m/z):C48H47N5O5的[M+H]+计算值774.36,实验值774.59。
制备4:(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,盐酸盐(I-18)
(a)(S)-3-苯甲基-2-(6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸苯甲酯,盐酸盐(I-17)
将(S)-3-苯甲基-2-(6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)(I-16)(1.0g,1.292mmol)溶解于二恶烷(8mL)和水(1.5mL)中,接着添加氯化氢溶液(4M于二恶烷中)(7mL,28.0mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌3小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。接着冷冻且冻干反应混合物,且将粗产物(I-17)直接用于下一反应中(假定定量产率)。(m/z):C43H39N5O3的[M+H]+计算值674.31,实验值674.3。
(b)(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,盐酸盐(I-18)
将(S)-3-苯甲基-2-(6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸苯甲酯,盐酸盐(I-17)(0.918g,1.292mmol)在50℃下溶解于2-丙醇(15mL)、氯化氢溶液(5M于水中)(0.258mL,1.292mmol)和水(0.25mL)中,接着添加钯(10%wt.于碳上),50%水(0.138g,0.065mmol)。接着用氮气吹扫反应烧瓶,连接氢气气囊且将反应混合物在50℃下搅拌4天,其中在需要时补给氢气气囊(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。接着通过过滤去除所有固体且浓缩所得溶液。将残余物溶解于1:1ACN/水中,冷冻且冻干。所得粉末(I-18)不经进一步纯化即使用(假定定量产率)。(m/z):C22H21N5O3的[M+H]+计算值404.17,实验值404.2。
制备5:(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-异丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸(I-19)
将(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,HCl(I-18)(0.25g,0.568mmol)悬浮于DMF(2.5mL)和丙酮(2.5mL)中,接着添加乙酸(0.098mL,1.705mmol)和氰基硼氢化钠(0.179g,2.84mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。浓缩反应混合物,接着将粗产物通过逆相色谱法(5-70%ACN/水梯度,50g C18aq柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(149mg,47%产率)。(m/z):C25H27N5O3的[M+H]+计算值446.21,实验值446.3。
实例1:(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁-1-基)(2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-异丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮
将(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-异丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,TFA(I-19)(50mg,0.089mmol)、3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁烷二盐酸盐(23.20mg,0.134mmol)和DIPEA(0.078mL,0.447mmol)溶解于DMF(1.5mL)中,接着添加HATU(51.0mg,0.134mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌3小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加肼(0.014mL,0.447mmol)以分解非所要副产物,且将溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟。接着浓缩反应混合物且将粗产物通过制备型HPLC(5-70%ACN/水梯度,C18柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(25mg,37%产率)。(m/z):C30H37N7O2的[M+H]+计算值528.30,实验值528.3。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.09(s,1H),9.40(s,1H),8.27(d,J=8.31,1H),7.30(s,1H),7.04(m,2H),6.71(d,J=2.54,1H),6.64(dd,J=2.53,8.26,1H),4.26(m,1H),4.06(m,2H),3.82(m,2H),3.64(m,2H),3.03(m,2H),2.74(m,2H),2.47(q,J=7.56,2H),2.07(d,J=3.69,6H),1.07(m,6H),1.00(t,J=7.50,3H)。
制备6:(S)-5-乙基-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸
将(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,HCl(0.100g,0.227mmol)(I-18)和乙醛(0.019mL,0.341mmol)溶解于甲醇(3.0mL)中,接着添加氰基硼氢化钠(0.057g,0.909mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌16小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加硼氢化钠(9mg,0.227mmol)以淬灭任何剩余的乙醛,接着浓缩反应混合物。粗产物接着通过逆相色谱法(5-70%ACN/水梯度,40g C18柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(62mg,50%产率)。(m/z):C24H25N5O3的[M+H]+计算值432.20,实验值432.1。
实例2:(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁-1-基)(5-乙基-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮
将(S)-5-乙基-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,TFA(30mg,0.055mmol)、3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁烷二盐酸盐(14.28mg,0.082mmol)和DIPEA(0.048mL,0.275mmol)溶解于DMF(1.50mL)中,接着添加HATU(31.4mg,0.082mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加肼(5.18μl,0.165mmol)以分解非所要副产物,接着将溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟。接着浓缩反应混合物且将粗产物通过制备型HPLC(5-60%ACN/水梯度,C18柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(25mg,63%产率)。(m/z):C29H35N7O2的[M+H]+计算值514.29,实验值514.2。
实例3:(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)-3-甲基氮杂环丁-1-基)(5-乙基-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮
将(S)-5-乙基-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,TFA(30mg,0.055mmol)、N,N,3-三甲基氮杂环丁-3-胺盐酸盐(12.43mg,0.082mmol)和DIPEA(0.048mL,0.275mmol)溶解于DMF(1.50mL)中,接着添加HATU(31.4mg,0.082mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加肼(5.18μl,0.165mmol)以分解非所要副产物,接着将溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟。接着浓缩反应混合物且将粗产物通过制备型HPLC(5-60%ACN/水梯度,C18柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(25mg,62%产率)。(m/z):C30H37N7O2的[M+H]+计算值528.30,实验值528.2。
实例4:(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)-3-甲基氮杂环丁-1-基)(2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-异丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮
将(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-异丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸(40mg,0.090mmol)(I-19)、N,N,3-三甲基氮杂环丁-3-胺盐酸盐(20.29mg,0.135mmol)和DIPEA(0.047mL,0.269mmol)溶解于DMF(1.50mL)中,接着添加HATU(51.2mg,0.135mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌16小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加肼(8.45μl,0.269mmol)以分解非所要副产物,接着将溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟。接着浓缩反应混合物且将粗产物通过制备型HPLC(5-60%ACN/水梯度,C18柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(26mg,38%产率)。(m/z):C31H39N7O2的[M+H]+计算值542.32,实验值542.2。
制备7:(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸(I-20)
将(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,HCl(I-18)(0.160g,0.364mmol)和丙醛(0.039mL,0.546mmol)溶解于甲醇(3.0mL)中,接着添加氰基硼氢化钠(0.069g,1.091mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。浓缩反应混合物且将粗产物通过逆相色谱法(5-70%ACN/水梯度,50g C18柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(78mg,38%产率)。(m/z):C25H27N5O3的[M+H]+计算值446.21,实验值446.3。
实例5:(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁-1-基)(2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮
将(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,TFA(30mg,0.054mmol)(I-20)、3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁烷二盐酸盐(13.92mg,0.080mmol)和DIPEA(0.047mL,0.268mmol)溶解于DMF(1.50mL)中,接着添加HATU(30.6mg,0.080mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加肼(5.05μl,0.161mmol)以分解非所要副产物,接着将溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟。接着浓缩反应混合物且将粗产物通过制备型HPLC(5-60%ACN/水梯度,C18柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(26mg,63%产率)。(m/z):C30H37N7O2的[M+H]+计算值528.30,实验值528.2。
实例6:(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)-3-甲基氮杂环丁-1-基)(2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮
将(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,TFA(30mg,0.054mmol)(I-20)、N,N,3-三甲基氮杂环丁-3-胺盐酸盐(12.12mg,0.080mmol)和DIPEA(0.047mL,0.268mmol)溶解于DMF(1.50mL)中,接着添加HATU(30.6mg,0.080mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加肼(5.05μl,0.161mmol)以分解非所要副产物,接着将溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟。接着浓缩反应混合物且将粗产物通过制备型HPLC(5-60%ACN/水梯度,C18柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(18mg,44%产率)。(m/z):C31H39N7O2的[M+H]+计算值542.32,实验值542.2。
制备8:2-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷
(a)1-(苯甲氧基)-4-溴-5-乙基-2-氟苯
向4-溴-5-乙基-2-氟苯酚(20g,910.32mmol)于ACN(250mL)中的溶液中添加K2CO3(31.55g,228.3mmol),随后逐滴添加溴甲苯(13.10mL,109.58mmol)。将所得反应混合物在80℃下搅拌2h。水层用EtOAc萃取(三次),经合并且用盐水洗涤。有机层经Na2SO4干燥且在减压下蒸发,以获得呈浅黄色油性液体状的标题中间物(25g,89%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.48-7.30(m,5H),7.27(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.12(s,2H),2.66(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.16(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。
(b)2-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷
向先前步骤的产物(12.5g,40.45mmol)于二恶烷(100mL)中的溶液中添加双(频哪醇根基)二硼(15.40g,60.67mmol)和KOAc(11.9g,121.35mmol)。将反应混合物用氮气吹扫15min,随后添加与二氯甲烷错合的[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(1.65g,2.023mmol)。搅拌所得反应混合物且在110℃下加热3h,经由硅藻土过滤且用EtOAc洗涤残余物。滤过物用过量EtOAc(200mL)稀释且用水(100mL),随后盐水(100mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥且在真空中浓缩以得到粗产物,所述粗产物通过(100-200)硅胶柱色谱法纯化,经3-5%EtOAc:己烷洗脱,以获得呈灰白色固体状的所需产物(9.50g,66%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.54-7.27(m,6H),6.81(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.16(s,2H),2.84(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.32(s,12H),1.14(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。
制备9:6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-3-(三甲基锡烷基)-1H-吲唑
(a)6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑
向6-溴-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑(50g,178.57mmol)和2-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷(76.3g,214.29mmol)于DMF:H2O(480:120mL)中的溶液中添加K3PO4(94.64g,446.86mmol)。将反应混合物经氮气脱气15min,接着添加Pd(PPh3)2Cl2催化剂(6.26g,8.93mmol)且将混合物再次经氮气脱气5min,经搅拌且在100到110℃下加热5h。经由硅藻土过滤反应混合物且用EtOAc洗涤残余物。滤过物用EtOAc稀释,用冷水和盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥且在真空中浓缩以得到粗产物,所述粗产物通过急骤柱色谱法纯化,以获得呈白色固体状的标题中间物(65g,86%产率)。(m/z):C27H27FN2O2的[M+H]+计算值431.21,实验值431.46。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.06-7.98(m,2H),7.70(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.51-7.32(m,5H),7.08(dd,J=809.6,8.3Hz,1H),7.03(d,J=11.9Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.76-5.64(m,1H),5.20(s,2H),4.04(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),3.72(t,J=9.7Hz,1H),2.52(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.22-2.02(m,3H),1.80-1.71(m,3H),1.06(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。
(b)6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-1H-吲唑
向先前步骤的产物(65g,151.16mmol)于甲醇(700mL)中的溶液中添加浓HCl(120mL)且使所得溶液在60-65℃下加热3h,冷却到室温,且在真空中浓缩。将残余物溶解于EtOAc中且用NaHCO3饱和水溶液和水洗涤。有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥且在真空中浓缩,以获得呈白色固体状的标题中间物(52g,99%(粗物质))。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.13(s,1H),7.77(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.59-7.30(m,6H),7.10(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.01(d,J=11.8Hz,1H),6.96(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.21(s,2H),2.53(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.05(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。
(c)6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-3-碘-1H-吲唑
向6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-1H-吲唑(56g,161.18mmol)于DMF(400mL)中的溶液中添加KOH(36.2g,647.39mmol)且将混合物搅拌5min。在0℃下缓慢添加碘(82.2g,323.69mmol)于DMF(100mL)中的溶液且在室温下搅拌30min,用水(3×150mL)稀释且用EtOAc(3×200mL)萃取。有机层用偏亚硫酸氢钠饱和水溶液(3×200mL)和水(400mL)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥且在减压下浓缩以得到粗产物,所述粗产物通过急骤柱色谱法纯化,以获得呈浅褐色半固体状的标题中间物(64g,84%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ10.49(s,1H),7.57-7.32(m,7H),7.16(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.04-6.91(m,2H),5.20(s,2H),2.51(q,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.04(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。
(d)6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-3-碘-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑
向先前步骤的产物(60g,127.12mmol)于DCM(700mL)中的冰冷溶液中添加对甲苯磺酸(4.84g,25.423mmol),随后逐滴添加3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(17.43mL,190.68mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌整夜,用DCM稀释且用NaHCO3饱和水溶液和盐水洗涤。有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥且在减压下浓缩以得到粗产物,所述粗产物通过急骤色谱法(硅胶)纯化,以获得呈灰白色固体状的标题中间物(64g,91%产率)。(m/z):C27H26FIN2O2的[M+H]+计算值557.10,实验值557.30。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.56-7.31(m,7H),7.14(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.01(d,J=11.8Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.68(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.20(s,2H),4.08-3.99(m,1H),3.77-3.64(m,1H),2.50(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.23-1.97(m,3H),1.81-1.68(m,3H),1.06(t,J=7.4Hz,3H)。
(e)6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-3-(三甲基锡烷基)-1H-吲唑
向6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-3-碘-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑(20g,35.97mmol)于甲苯(150mL)中的溶液中添加六甲基二锡(9.2mL,43.17mmol)。反应混合物经氮气脱气20min,随后添加四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(2.0g,1.80mmol)且接着在100℃下搅拌2h,冷却到室温,经由硅藻土过滤且用EtOAc洗涤残余物。浓缩滤过物且通过柱色谱法(经中性氧化铝)纯化,用2-5%EtOAc:己烷洗脱,以获得标题化合物(17.50g,82%产率)。(m/z):C30H35FN2O2Sn的[M+H]+计算值595.17、593.17;实验值595.49、593.55。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.68(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.57-7.29(m,6H),7.13-7.00(m,2H),6.96(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.81-5.68(m,1H),5.21(s,2H),4.13-4.00(m,1H),3.81-3.66(m,1H),2.54(q,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.23-2.00(m,2H),1.87-1.59(m,4H),1.08(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.47(s,9H)。
制备10:(S)-2-碘-3-((2-三甲基硅烷基)乙氧基)甲基)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸5-(叔丁酯)6-甲酯
(a)(S)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸
在0℃下向L-组氨酸(50g,322.24mmol)于水(420mL)中的搅拌悬浮液中逐滴添加浓HCl(29mL),随后在0℃下一次性添加甲醛(55mL,676.72mmol)。将所得反应混合物搅拌30min,且接着在75℃下加热6h并浓缩。将所得粗物质与乙醚搅拌2h,过滤且用IPA:THF(100:300mL)洗涤,以得到呈灰白色固体状的标题中间物的HCl盐(75g,99%产率(粗物质))。(m/z):C7H9N3O2的[M+H]+计算值168.07,实验值168.17。
(b)(S)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸甲酯
在0℃下,向先前步骤的产物(75.0g,312.5mmol)于甲醇(1500mL)中的搅拌溶液中逐滴添加SOCl2(45.6mL,625mmol)且在室温下搅拌16h,接着加热直到回流(70℃)持续1h。通过蒸馏去除溶剂且粗产物用甲醇,随后乙醚研磨,以得到呈灰白色固体状的标题中间物的粗HCl盐(80g粗物质)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.05(s,1H),4.71(dd,J=9.4,5.2Hz,1H),4.36(d,J=15.5Hz,1H),4.30(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),3.44-3.21(m,2H)。
(c)(S)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸5-(叔丁酯)6-甲酯
在0℃下,向先前步骤的产物(80.0g,314.96mmol)于甲醇(1000mL)中的搅拌溶液中添加DIPEA(282mL,1574mmol),随后添加二碳酸二叔丁酯(172mL,787.48mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌16h且接着添加液体NH3(150mL,25%于水中),且将反应混合物在室温下再次搅拌16h,通过蒸馏去除甲醇并在DCM(3×200mL)中萃取残余物。经合并的有机萃取物经无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩且通过急骤色谱法(100-200目硅胶)纯化,用5%MeOH:DCM洗脱,以获得标题中间物(41g,46%产率)。(m/z):C13H19N3O4的[M+H]+计算值282.14,实验值282.21。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.85(s,1H),7.50(s,1H),5.18(dd,J=49.3,5.1Hz,1H),4.51(t,J=14.2Hz,1H),4.09(dd,J=43.9,16.1Hz,1H),3.59(s,3H),3.08(d,J=15.5Hz,1H),2.94(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),1.45(s,9H)。
(d)(S)-2-碘-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸5-(叔丁酯)6-甲酯
在0℃下,向先前步骤的产物(41.0g,145.9mmol)于THF(500mL)中的溶液中添加N-碘代丁二酰亚胺(66.0g,291.8mmol)且将所得溶液在室温下搅拌4h,用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机部分用10%硫代硫酸钠溶液(3×200mL)洗涤。经合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,且经浓缩,以得到标题化合物60g(粗物质),其不经进一步纯化即用于下一步骤中。(m/z):C13H18IN3O4的[M+H]+计算值408.03,实验值408.31。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.48(s,1H),5.34-4.97(m,1H),4.67-4.35(m,1H),4.12-3.95(m,1H),3.60(s,3H),3.14-2.82(m,2H),1.44(s,9H)。
(e)(S)-2-碘-3-((2-三甲基硅烷基)乙氧基)甲基)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸5-(叔丁酯)6-甲酯
在0℃下,向(S)-2-碘-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸5-(叔丁酯)6-甲酯(40g,0.098mol)于DMF(150mL)中的搅拌溶液中添加DIPEA(35.1mL,0.19mol)。将反应混合物搅拌10min,接着在0℃下逐滴添加2-(三甲基硅烷基)-乙氧基甲基氯(19.1mL,0.10mol)。将所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌3h。在4h之后,添加冷冻水且反应混合物用EtOAc(2×200mL)萃取。有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩且通过急骤柱色谱法纯化,用20-35%EtOAc:己烷洗脱,以获得呈浅黄色粘稠液体状的标题产物(27g)。(m/z):C19H32IN3O5Si的[M+H]+计算值538.12,实验值538.42。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ5.33-5.04(m,3H),4.79-4.56(m,1H),4.54-4.14(m,1H),3.60(s,3H),3.47(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),3.31-3.16(m,1H),2.97(t,J=18.9Hz,1H),1.44(s,9H),0.92-0.74(m,2H),-0.03(s,9H)。
制备11:(6S)-5-(叔丁氧基羰基)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-3-((2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧基)甲基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸
(a)(6S)-2-(6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-3-((2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧基)甲基)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸5-(叔丁酯)6-甲酯
向(S)-2-碘-3-((2-三甲基硅烷基)乙氧基)甲基)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸5-(叔丁酯)6-甲酯(17.0g,31.65mmol)于甲苯(500mL)中的搅拌溶液中添加6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-3-(三甲基锡烷基)-1H-吲唑(20g,34.82mmol)。将反应混合物用氩气吹扫15min,添加Pd(PPh3)4(3.6g,3.16mmol)和碘化铜(1.20g,6.33mmol)且将反应混合物在120℃下搅拌16h。反应混合物经由硅藻土过滤,在减压下浓缩滤过物且通过硅胶柱色谱法(Redisep 80g柱,用DCM洗脱10min且接着用15-20%EtOAc/己烷洗脱)纯化,以获得呈黄色固体状的标题中间物(15.10g,58%产率)。(m/z):C46H58FN5O7Si的[M+H]+计算值840.41,实验值840.54。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.43(s,1H),7.54-7.33(m,6H),7.20(s,1H),7.05(d,J=11.4Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.09-5.69(m,3H),5.59-5.36(m,1H),5.20(s,2H),4.97-4.80(m,1H),4.12-3.90(m,1H),3.68(s,3H),3.57-3.47(m,2H),3.40(d,1H),3.21-3.05(m,1H),2.74-2.34(m,4H),2.25-2.07(m,2H),1.94-1.65(m,4H),1.54(s,9H),1.12-0.99(m,3H),0.91-0.75(m,2H),-0.12(s,9H)。
(b)(6S)-2-(6-(4-(苯甲氧基)-2-乙基-5-氟苯基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-3-((2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧基)甲基)-3,4,6,7-四氢-5H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-5,6-二甲酸6-苯甲酯5-(叔丁酯)
向圆底烧瓶中添加含先前步骤的产物(15.0g,17.85mmol)的甲苯(400mL)、苯甲醇(46.3mL)和Ti(OEt)4(7.15mL,35.70mmol)且使反应混合物剧烈回流(140℃)48h,用水稀释且用DCM萃取。过滤悬浮液,滤过物经Na2SO4干燥,在减压下浓缩且通过硅胶柱色谱法(Redisep 80g柱,0-5%EtOAc/己烷)纯化20min以去除过量苯甲醇,接着用10-15%EtOAc/己烷洗脱,以得到标题中间物。1H NMR与结构一致。(m/z):C52H62FN5O7Si的[M+H]+计算值916.44,实验值916.86。
(c)(6S)-5-(叔丁氧基羰基)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-3-((2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧基)甲基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸
向先前步骤的产物(21.0g,22.92mmol)于1:1IPA:THF(400mL)中的搅拌溶液中添加Pd(OH)2(5.0g)。将反应混合物在氢气气囊下在室温下搅拌16h,经由硅藻土过滤,在减压下浓缩且通过硅胶柱色谱法(Redisep 80g柱,用25-40%EtOAc/己烷洗脱)纯化,以得到呈灰白色固体状的标题化合物(6.1g,8.29mmol)。(m/z):C38H50FN5O7Si的[M+H]+计算值736.35,实验值736.5。1H NMR与结构一致。(m/z):C38H50FN5O7Si的[M+H]+计算值736.35,实验值736.5。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.94(s,1H),9.86(s,1H),8.34(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.66(s,1H),7.20(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.03(d,J=11.8Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),6.11-5.77(m,3H),5.33-5.06(m,1H),4.87-4.56(m,1H),4.52-4.14(m,1H),3.97-3.69(m,2H),3.53-3.40(m,2H),3.23-3.11(m,1H),3.11-2.93(m,1H),2.47-2.44(m,2H),2.13-1.96(m,2H),1.68(d,J=70.9Hz,4H),1.48(s,9H),1.02(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.86-0.68(m,2H),-0.17(s,9H)。
制备12:(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸
在0℃下,向(6S)-5-(叔丁氧基羰基)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-3-((2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧基)-甲基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸(5.7g,7.75mmol)于5:1二恶烷:水(60mL)中的搅拌溶液中逐滴添加浓HCl(20mL)。使反应混合物升温且在90℃下搅拌16h并在真空下蒸馏以得到粗残余物,所述粗残余物依序用经冷冻乙醚和乙腈研磨,以得到呈淡棕色固体状的标题化合物的HCl盐(3.6g,95%产率)。(m/z):C22H20FN5O3的[M+H]+计算值422.16,实验值422.24。1H NMR(400MHz,D2O/DMSO-d6)δ8.22(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.49(s,1H),7.19(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.99(d,J=11.9Hz,1H),6.91(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.56-4.51(m,1H),4.36(d,J=15.5Hz,1H),4.30(d,J=15.5Hz,1H),3.35-3.25(m,1H),3.15-3.05(m,1H),2.4-2.55(m,2H),0.97(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。
制备13:(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-异丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸
向(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,HCl(400mg,0.874mmol)、丙酮(0.192mL,2.62mmol)和乙酸(0.150mL,2.62mmol)于DMF(7mL)中的溶液中添加氰基硼氢化钠(274mg,4.37mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌整夜。添加硼氢化钠(33mg,0.874mmol),溶液经浓缩且通过制备型HPLC纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(115mg,23%产率)。(m/z):C25H26FN5O3的[M+H]+计算值464.20,实验值464.5。
实例7:(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁-1-基)(2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-异丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮C-1
向(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-异丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,TFA(179mg,0.310mmol)、N,N-二甲基氮杂环丁-3-胺,2HCl(107mg,0.465mmol)和DIPEA(0.162mL,0.930mmol)于DMF(4mL)中的溶液中添加HATU(177mg,0.465mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌整夜。添加肼(5当量),反应混合物经浓缩且通过制备型HPLC纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(63mg,26%产率)。(m/z):C30H36FN7O2的[M+H]+计算值546.29,实验值546.7。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.90(s,1H),8.29(dd,1H),7.34(s,1H),7.07(d,1H),7.01(d,1H),6.89(d,1H),4.35-4.18(m,1H),4.11-3.94(m,1H),3.94-3.73(m,3H),3.70-3.57(m,2H),3.06-2.94(m,2H),2.87-2.66(m,2H),2.48-2.40(m,2H),2.13-2.00(m,6H),1.07(t,3H),1.03-0.93(m,6H)。
实例8:(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)-3-甲基氮杂环丁-1-基)(2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-异丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮
将(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-异丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,TFA(30mg,0.052mmol)、N,N,3-三甲基氮杂环丁-3-胺,2HCl(29.2mg,0.156mmol)和DIPEA(0.045mL,0.260mmol)溶解于DMF(1.0mL)中,接着添加HATU(29.6mg,0.078mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌20小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加肼(4.90μl,0.156mmol)以裂解非所要副产物,接着将溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟。接着浓缩反应混合物且将粗产物通过制备型HPLC(2-70%ACN/水梯度,C18柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(13mg,33%产率)。(m/z):C31H38FN7O2的[M+H]+计算值560.31,实验值560.2。
制备14:(S)-5-乙基-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸
将(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,HCl(450mg,0.983mmol)和乙醛(0.083mL,1.474mmol)溶解于DMF(7mL)中,接着添加氰基硼氢化钠(247mg,3.93mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加硼氢化钠(112mg,2.95mmol)以淬灭任何剩余的乙醛,接着浓缩反应混合物。接着将粗产物通过逆相色谱法(5-65%ACN/水梯度,100g C18aq柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(165mg,30%产率)。(m/z):C24H24FN5O3的[M+H]+计算值450.19,实验值450.2。
实例9:(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁-1-基)(5-乙基-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮
将(S)-5-乙基-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,TFA(30mg,0.053mmol)和HATU(30.4mg,0.080mmol)合并于DMF(1.0mL)中。向溶液中添加N,N-二甲基氮杂环丁-3-胺(16mg,0.160mmol)和DIPEA(0.037mL,0.213mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌6小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加肼(4.92μl,0.160mmol)以裂解非所要副产物,接着将溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟。接着浓缩反应混合物且将粗产物通过制备型HPLC(10-70%ACN/水梯度,Zorbax Bonus-RP柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(27mg,67%产率)。(m/z):C29H34FN7O2的[M+H]+计算值532.28,实验值532.2。
实例10:(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)-3-甲基氮杂环丁-1-基)(5-乙基-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮
将(S)-5-乙基-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,TFA(30mg,0.053mmol)和HATU(30.4mg,0.080mmol)合并于DMF(1.0mL)中。向溶液中添加N,N,3-三甲基氮杂环丁-3-胺(18mg,0.160mmol)和DIPEA(0.037mL,0.213mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌6小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加肼(4.92μl,0.160mmol)以裂解非所要副产物,接着将溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟。接着浓缩反应混合物且将粗产物通过制备型HPLC(10-70%ACN/水梯度,Zorbax Bonus-RP柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(28mg,68%产率)。(m/z):C30H36FN7O2的[M+H]+计算值546.29,实验值546.2。
制备15:(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸
将(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,HCl(300mg,0.655mmol)和丙醛(0.071mL,0.983mmol)溶解于DMF(7mL)中,接着添加氰基硼氢化钠(124mg,1.966mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌72小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加硼氢化钠(26mg,0.655mmol)以淬灭任何剩余醛,接着浓缩反应混合物。接着将粗产物通过制备型HPLC(2-70%ACN/水梯度,C18柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(117mg,31%产率)。(m/z):C25H26FN5O3的[M+H]+计算值464.21,实验值464.2。
实例11:(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)氮杂环丁-1-基)(2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮
将(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,TFA(33mg,0.057mmol)、N,N-二甲基氮杂环丁-3-胺,2HCl(29.7mg,0.171mmol)和DIPEA(0.060mL,0.343mmol)溶解于DMF(2.0mL)中,接着添加HATU(28.2mg,0.074mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌18小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加肼(8.97μl,0.286mmol)以裂解非所要副产物,接着将溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟。接着浓缩反应混合物且将粗产物通过制备型HPLC(2-70%ACN/水梯度,C18柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(27mg,61%产率)。(m/z):C30H36FN7O2的[M+H]+计算值546.29,实验值546.5。
实例12:(S)-(3-(二甲氨基)-3-甲基氮杂环丁-1-基)(2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-基)甲酮
将(S)-2-(6-(2-乙基-5-氟-4-羟苯基)-1H-吲唑-3-基)-5-丙基-4,5,6,7-四氢-3H-咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶-6-甲酸,TFA(30mg,0.052mmol)、N,N,3-三甲基氮杂环丁-3-胺,2HCl(29.2mg,0.156mmol)和DIPEA(0.045mL,0.260mmol)溶解于DMF(1.0mL)中,接着添加HATU(29.6mg,0.078mmol)且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌20小时(通过LCMS监测反应进展)。添加肼(8.89μl,0.260mmol)以裂解非所要副产物,接着将溶液在室温下搅拌10分钟。接着浓缩反应混合物且将粗产物通过制备型HPLC(2-70%ACN/水梯度,C18柱)纯化,以得到标题化合物的TFA盐(15mg,37%产率)。(m/z):C31H38FN7O2的[M+H]+计算值560.31,实验值560.5。
生物分析
已在以下生物分析中的一或多种中表征本发明的化合物。
分析1:生物化学JAK激酶分析
将四种LanthaScreen JAK生物化学分析的组(JAK1、2、3和Tyk2)载于常见激酶反应缓冲液(50mM HEPES,pH 7.5,0.01%Brij-35,10mM MgCl2和1mM EGTA)中。从生活科技(Life Technologies)获取重组型GST标记的JAK酶和GFP标记的STAT1肽底物。
在环境温度下在白色384孔微量盘(康宁(Corning))中,使连续稀释的化合物与四种JAK酶中的每一种和底物一起预培育1h。随后以具有1%DMSO的10μL总体积添加ATP以起始激酶反应。JAK1、2、3和Tyk2的最终酶浓度分别为4.2nM、0.1nM、1nM和0.25nM;所使用的对应Km ATP浓度为25μM、3μM、1.6μM和10μM;而对于所有四种分析,底物浓度为200nM。在添加EDTA(10mM最终浓度)和Tb抗pSTAT1(pTyr701)抗体(生活科技,2nM最终浓度)于TR-FRET稀释缓冲液(生活科技)中的10μl制剂之前,使激酶反应在环境温度下进行1小时。在EnVision读取器(珀金埃尔默(Perkin Elmer))上读取之前,使盘在环境温度下培育1h。记录且利用发射比信号(520nm/495nm),以基于DMSO和背景对照计算抑制百分比值。
对于剂量反应分析,对比化合物浓度来绘制抑制百分比数据,且用Prism软件(GraphPad软件(GraphPad Software))根据4参数稳固拟合模型测定IC50值。结果表示为pIC50(IC50的负对数),且接着使用郑·普鲁索夫(Cheng-Prusoff)方程式转换成pKi(解离常量Ki的负对数)。
在四种JAK分析中具有低Ki值或高pKi值的测试化合物展示对JAK活性的较大抑制。
分析2:Tall-1 T细胞中IL-2刺激的pSTAT5的抑制
使用AlphaLisa在Tall-1人类T细胞系(DSMZ)中测量测试化合物抑制白介素-2(IL-2)刺激的STAT5磷酸化的性能。因为IL-2经由JAK1/3传导信号,因此此分析提供JAK1/3细胞性能的测量。
经由AlphaLISA SureFire Ultra pSTAT5(Tyr694/699)试剂盒(珀金埃尔默(PerkinElmer))测量磷酸化STAT5。
将来自Tall-1细胞系的人类T细胞在37℃、5%CO2含湿气培育箱中在补充有15%热灭活胎牛血清(FBS,生活科技)、2mM Glutamax(生活科技)、25mM HEPES(生活科技)和1×Pen/Strep(生活科技)的RPMI(生活科技)中培养。将化合物连续稀释于DMSO中且以声学方式分配到空的孔中。分配(4微升/孔)分析培养基(补充有10%FBS(ATCC)的不含酚红的DMEM(生活科技))且使盘在900rpm下振荡10分钟。细胞以45,000个细胞/孔接种于分析培养基(4微升/孔)中且在37℃,5%CO2下培育1小时,随后添加含IL-2(研发系统(R&D Systems);最终浓度300ng/mL)的预温热分析培养基(4μL)持续30分钟。在细胞因子刺激之后,细胞用6μl含有1×PhosStop和完整片剂(Complete tablet)(罗氏(Roche))的3×AlphaLisa裂解缓冲液(珀金埃尔默(PerkinElmer))溶解。将溶解物在室温(RT)下,在900rpm下振荡10分钟。经由pSTAT5 AlphaLisa试剂盒(珀金埃尔默(PerkinElmer))测量磷酸化STAT5。在过滤绿光的<100lux光下,将新制备的受体珠粒混合物分配于溶解物(5μL)上。使盘在900rpm下振荡2分钟,简单地快速离心且在暗处在室温下培育2小时。在过滤绿光的<100lux光下,分配供体珠粒(5μL)。使盘在900rpm下振荡2分钟,简单地快速离心且在暗处在室温下培育整夜。在过滤绿光的<100lux光下,使用EnVision盘读取器(珀金埃尔默(PerkinElmer))在689nm激发和570nm发射下测量发光。
为测定测试化合物响应于IL-2的抑制性能,在人类T细胞系中测量结合于pSTAT5的珠粒的平均发射强度。根据分析信号强度对比于化合物浓度的抑制曲线来测定IC50值。数据表示为pIC50(负十进制对数IC50)值(平均值±标准偏差)。
活体外分析结果
表1
分析3:肺组织中IL-13诱导的pSTAT6诱导的鼠类(小鼠)模型
IL-13为哮喘的病理生理学潜在的重要细胞因子(库德拉茨等人《欧洲临床药理学杂志》2008,582,154-161)。IL-13与细胞表面受体结合,使激酶的杰纳斯家族(JAK)的成员活化,其接着使STAT6磷酸化且随后进一步活化转录路径。在所描述模型中,将IL-13的剂量局部输送到小鼠肺部中以诱导STAT6的磷酸化(pSTAT6),其接着测量为终点。
在分析中使用来自Harlan的成年Balb/c小鼠。在研究当天,用异氟醚轻度麻醉动物且经由经口抽吸投予媒剂或测试化合物(1mg/mL,50μL总体积,经若干次呼吸)。在给药后,将动物侧卧放置且在返回其饲养笼之前监测从麻醉的完整恢复。四小时后,再次简单地麻醉动物且在监测从麻醉恢复和返回到其饲养笼之前,经由经口抽吸用媒剂或IL-13(0.03μg总输送剂量,50μL总体积)进行刺激。在投予媒剂或IL-13后一个小时,针对肺组织匀浆中的两种pSTAT6检测使用珀金埃尔默UltraTMHV p-STAT6(Tyr641)分析试剂盒且针对肺和血浆二者中的总药物浓度分析收集全血和肺。使血液样品在4℃下在约12,000rpm下离心(艾彭卓夫(Eppendorf)离心机,5804R)持续4分钟,以收集血浆。肺用杜氏磷酸盐缓冲盐水(Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline;DPBS)冲洗,经填塞干燥,急骤冷冻,称重且以1:3的稀释液于含0.1%甲酸的HPLC水中均质化。通过LC-MS分析,对照在测试矩阵中构建成标准曲线的分析型标准品来测定测试化合物的血浆和肺水平。将肺与血浆比率测定为在5小时时肺浓度(以ng/g为单位)与血浆浓度(以ng/mL为单位)的比率。
通过相比于经媒剂处理、IL-13刺激的对照动物,在5小时时存在于经处理动物的肺中的pSTAT6水平降低来证明模型中的活性。经媒剂处理、IL-13刺激的对照动物与经媒剂处理、媒剂刺激的对照动物之间的差异分别指示任何给定实验中的0%和100%抑制作用。分析中所测试的化合物展现在如下文所记录的IL-13刺激之后在5小时时STAT6磷酸化的抑制。
表2:所观测的pSTAT6抑制和血浆/肺暴露
小鼠肺中显著化合物浓度的观测结果确认,IL-13诱导的pSTAT6诱导的所观测抑制为测试化合物的活性的结果。5小时时肺与血浆比率展示,化合物1在小鼠中展现肺中的暴露显著比血浆中的暴露更多。
分析4:人类外周血液单核细胞中TSLP诱发的TARC释放的抑制
胸腺基质淋巴生成素(TSLP)和胸腺和活化调节的趋化因子(TARC)在哮喘气管中过度表达,且与疾病严重程度相关。在肺中,可通过支气管上皮细胞响应于过敏原和病毒感染来释放TSLP。经由IL-7Rα/TSLPR杂二聚体的TSLP信号发现于广泛范围的组织和细胞类型中,包含上皮细胞、内皮细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和肥大细胞。TSLP与其受体的结合诱导了构形变化,其活化JAK1和JAK2以磷酸化多种转录因子,包含STAT3和STAT5。在免疫细胞中,此触发细胞内事件的级联,所述事件引起细胞增殖、抗细胞凋亡、树突状细胞迁移和Th2细胞因子和趋化因子的产生。在外周血液单核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclearcell;PBMC)中,TSLP通过活化骨髓树突状细胞以吸引且刺激T细胞(由化学引诱剂TARC介导的方法)而具有促炎性作用。
在此分析中,展示TSLP刺激诱导了从PBMC释放TARC,且此反应在用化合物治疗时以剂量依赖性方式衰减。针对TARC释放的抑制测量测试化合物的性能。
将来自3到5个供体的PBMC等分试样(预先从全血分离且在-80℃下冷冻成等分试样)在37℃下解冻且逐滴添加到含40mL预温热、无菌过滤、完整RPMI培养基的50mL Falcon试管中。使细胞成球粒且以2.24×106个细胞/毫升再悬浮于完全培养基中。细胞以85μL(190,000个细胞)/孔接种于经组织培养物处理的96孔平底微量盘中。使细胞在37℃与5%CO2下静置1小时。
化合物作为DMSO中的10mM储备溶液接收。进行3.7倍连续稀释,以产生于DMSO中的在300×最终分析测试浓度下的9种浓度的测试化合物。在完全培养基中进行150倍中间物稀释,以产生在2×最终分析测试浓度(0.2%DMSO)下的化合物。在1小时静置时间段之后,将95μL的2×化合物添加到PBMC的各孔,最终分析浓度范围为33.33μM到0.95μM。将95μL的含0.2%DMSO的完全培养基添加到未经处理的对照孔。细胞在刺激之前在37℃与5%CO2下用化合物预处理1小时。
重组人类TSLP蛋白以10μg/mL在具有0.1%BSA的无菌DPBS中重构且在-20℃下以等分试样形式存储。在使用之前立即将等分试样解冻且在完全培养基中以20×最终分析浓度制备。将10μL的20×TSLP添加到PBMC的各孔,最终分析浓度为10ng/mL。将10μL的完全培养基添加到未经刺激的对照孔。在37℃与5%CO2下,在化合物存在下刺激细胞48小时。
在刺激后,使用人类CCL17/TARC Quantikine ELISA试剂盒(研发系统#DDN00)根据制造商的说明书,采集细胞培养上清液且通过酶联结免疫吸附分析(ELISA)检测TARC水平。
对于剂量反应分析,相对于各供体的反应百分比值绘制对数[测试化合物(M)],且使用非线性回归分析利用GraphPad Prism软件,使用具有变量斜率的4参数S形剂量-反应算法来测定IC50值。数据表示为由个别供体的pIC50值计算的平均pIC50(负十进制对数IC50)值且四舍五入到一个小数字。利用原始化合物和其消氟修饰的类似物的抑制的性能值概括于表3中。
表3:测试化合物抑制人类外周血液单核细胞中TSLP诱发的TARC释放的性能(pIC50)值
化合物 | pIC50±标准偏差 |
1 | 7.2±0.1 |
C-1 | 7.0±0.1 |
分析5:肺S9代谢
在人类肺S9片段(1μM化合物;1mg/mL S9蛋白)中评估化合物1和C-1的活体外代谢稳定性。针对亲本化合物,通过高分辨率LC-MS/MS来分析时间0、15、30和60分钟的样品。来自人类的肺S9片段(批次1410245)购自XenoTech LLC(堪萨斯州列涅萨(Lenexa,KS))。NADPH(西格玛奥尔德里奇(Sigma Aldrich),N1630)和3-磷酸腺苷5-磷酰硫酸(PAPS)(西格玛奥尔德里奇,A1651)购自西格玛奥尔德里奇(密苏里州圣路易斯(St.Louis,MO))。乙腈和水获自VWR(宾夕法尼亚拉德诺(Radnor,PA))且具有HPLC级别或更优选级别。雷诺昔酚(Raloxifene)和甲酸购自西格玛奥尔德里奇(密苏里州圣路易斯)。在96孔聚丙烯盘中,在处于37℃下在水浴中执行肺S9培育。肺S9溶液由缓冲到pH 7.4(马萨诸塞州沃本BD生物科学(BD Biosciences,Woburn,MA))的补充有1mM NADPH(密苏里州圣路易斯西格玛-奥尔德里奇(Sigma-Aldrich,St.Louis,MO))、3mM氯化镁(西格玛奥尔德里奇,M1028)的100mM磷酸钾组成且在100μM PAPS(密苏里州圣路易斯西格玛-奥尔德里奇)辅因子存在下,具有1mg/mL的最终培育蛋白质浓度。将雷诺昔酚(n=1)和化合物(n=1)的10mM DMSO储备液稀释于缓冲液中且外加到培育中,以得到1μM底物浓度(0.001%DMSO v/v)。培育体积由400μL组成且在0、15、30和60分钟时通过去除70μL等分试样并稀释到140μL乙腈(0%甲酸)中来获取时间点。使所有样品在5℃下在2250g下离心10分钟。从离心样品获取上清液(50μL)且稀释到含有内部标准物的100μL HPLC水中。样品在Dionex Ultimate 3000自动采样器上操作且结合Atlantis T3柱3μM-2.1×50mm(沃特士公司(Waters Inc.),186003717)使用Thermo Q-Exactive High Resolution质谱仪(马萨诸塞州沃尔瑟姆赛默飞(Thermo,Waltham,MA))以全扫描模式进行分析。流动相A由水+0.2%甲酸组成且流动相B由乙腈+0.2%甲酸组成。使用Gubbs GMSU软件(乔治亚州阿尔法利塔古布斯公司(Gubbs Inc.,Alpharetta,GA))实行峰集成。对于各样品,通过将分析物峰面积除以内部标准物峰面积来计算峰面积比率。对于各培育,将各t0中的分析物的峰面积比率设定为100%,且将来自60分钟样品的峰面积比率相对于对应t0转换成剩余百分比。通过观测基于历史内部数据,对应于各亲本化合物的O-硫酸盐代谢物的亲本离子通道中的早期洗脱峰来定性地进行硫酸盐代谢物形成的测定。分析的结果概括于表4中(n=2次重复)。
表4:人类肺S9片段中的代谢稳定性
当与其对应氟基类似物(化合物C-1到C-6)进行比较时,化合物1-6引起硫酸化代谢显著减少。
分析6:小鼠中血浆和肺中的药物动力学
以下文方式测定测试化合物的血浆和肺浓度和其比率。在分析中使用来自查尔斯河实验室(Charles River Laboratories)的BALB/c小鼠。在含20%丙二醇中的pH 4柠檬酸盐缓冲液中以0.2mg/mL的浓度单独地调配测试化合物,且通过经口抽吸将50μL的给药溶液引入到小鼠的气管中。在给药后的多个时间点(通常为0.167、2、6、24小时),经由心脏穿刺去除血液样品,且从小鼠切除完整肺。使血液样品在4℃下在约12,000rpm下离心(艾彭卓夫离心机,5804R)持续4分钟,以收集血浆。肺经填塞干燥、称重且以1:3的稀释液于无菌水中均匀化。通过LC-MS分析,对照在测试矩阵中构建成标准曲线的分析型标准品来测定测试化合物的血浆和肺浓度。将肺与血浆比率测定为肺AUC(以μg hr/g为单位)与血浆AUC(以μghr/mL为单位)的比率,其中将AUC常规地定义为在测试化合物浓度对比于时间的曲线下面积。
表5:单次经口抽吸投予测试化合物之后的血浆和肺组织暴露
分析7:IL-5介导的嗜酸性粒细胞存活率分析
在从人类全血(AllCells)分离的人类嗜酸性粒细胞中测量测试化合物对IL-5介导的嗜酸性粒细胞存活率的性能。因为IL-5经由JAK传导信号,因此此分析提供JAK细胞性能的测量。
从健康供体的新鲜人类全血(AllCells)分离人类嗜酸性粒细胞。将血液与4.5%聚葡萄糖(西格玛-奥尔德里奇)混合于0.9%氯化钠溶液(西格玛-奥尔德里奇)中。留下红血细胞以沈降35分钟。去除富含白血细胞的上部层且在Ficoll-Paque(GE医疗(GEHealthcare))上分层并在600g下离心30分钟。在用水溶解粒细胞层之前去除血浆和单核细胞层,以去除任何污染的红血细胞。使用人类嗜酸性粒细胞分离试剂盒(米尔特尼生物科技(Miltenyi Biotec))进一步纯化嗜酸性粒细胞。将一部分经纯化嗜酸性粒细胞与抗CD16FITC(米尔特尼生物科技)在暗处在4℃下一起培育10分钟。使用LSRII流式细胞仪(BD生物科学(BD Biosciences))分析纯度。
将细胞在37℃,5%CO2含湿气培育箱中在补充有10%热灭活胎牛血清(FBS,生活科技)、2mM Glutamax(生活科技)、25mM HEPES(生活科技(Life Technologies))和1×Pen/Strep(生活科技)的RPMI 1640(生活科技)中培养。将细胞以10,000个细胞/孔接种于培养基(50μL)中。使盘在300g下离心5分钟且去除上清液。将化合物连续稀释于DMSO中且接着在培养基中稀释另外500倍,达到2×最终分析浓度。将测试化合物(50微升/孔)添加到细胞,且在37℃,5%CO2下培育1小时,随后添加含IL-5(研发系统;最终浓度1ng/mL和10pg/mL)的预温热分析培养基(50μL)持续72小时。
在细胞因子刺激之后,将细胞在300g下离心5min,且用冷DPBS(生活科技)洗涤两次。为获得存活力和细胞凋亡,将细胞与碘化丙锭(赛默飞世尔科技(Thermo FisherScientific))和APC磷脂结合蛋白V(BD生物科学)一起培育且使用LSRII流式细胞仪(BD生物科学)进行分析。由分析细胞存活力%对比于化合物浓度的存活力曲线来测定IC50值。数据表示为pIC50(负十进制对数IC50)值。
分析8:人类3D气管培养物中IFNγ和IL-27诱导的趋化因子CXCL9和CXCL10的抑制
从马泰克(Mattek)(AIR-100)获取EpiAirway组织培养物。培养物来源于哮喘供体。在细胞培养插入物中,人类来源的气管/支气管上皮细胞在多孔膜载体上生长和分化,使得细胞下方的温热培养基与上述气态测试气氛具有气液界面。在37℃,5%CO2含湿气培育箱中,在维持培养基(马泰克,AIR-100-MM)中培养组织。测试四个供体。在第0天,用呈10μM、1μM和/或0.1μM的液体界面中的测试化合物处理组织培养物。将化合物在二甲亚砜(DMSO,西格玛)中稀释到0.1%的最终浓度。0.1%DMSO用作媒剂对照。将测试化合物与培养物在37℃,5%CO2下培育1小时,随后添加最终浓度为100ng/ml的含有IFNγ(研发系统)或IL-27(研发系统)的预温热培养基。将组织培养物维持8天。将培养基每2天用含有化合物和IFNγ或IL-27的新鲜培养基置换。在第8天,收集组织培养物和上清液以用于分析。针对CXCL10(IP-10)和CXCL9(MIG),使用流式荧光检测术分析(EMD密理博(EMD Millipore))分析上清液样品。数据表示为抑制%+/-标准偏差(±STDV)。与经媒剂处理的细胞相比,利用化合物对IFNγ或IL-27诱导的CXCL10或CXCL9分泌的抑制性能来测定抑制百分比。数据为来自4个供体的平均值。在与媒剂对照相比时,化合物1能够抑制IFNγ诱导的CXCL10分泌达100%±1.0(在10μM下)、76%±13(在1μM下)和18%±22(在0.1μM下)。在与媒剂相比时,化合物1能够抑制IFNγ诱导的CXCL9分泌达100%±0.1(在10μM下)、93%±6.9(在1μM下)和16%±41(在0.1μM下)。在与媒剂对照相比时,化合物1能够抑制IL-27诱导的CXCL10分泌达100%±0.0(在10μM下)、98%±1.0(在1μM下)和25%±26(在0.1μM下)。在与媒剂对照相比时,化合物1能够抑制IL-27诱导的CXCL9分泌达100%±0.0(在10μM下)、97%±2.0(在1μM下)和52%±18(在0.1μM下)。
分析9:细胞JAK性能分析:人类PBMC中IL-2/抗CD3刺激的IFNγ的抑制
可在从人类全血(斯坦福血液中心(Stanford Blood Center))分离的人类外周血液单核细胞(PBMC)中测量测试化合物抑制白介素-2(IL-2)/抗CD3刺激的干扰素γ(IFNγ)的性能。因为IL-2经由JAK传导信号,因此此分析提供JAK细胞性能的测量。
(1)使用菲科尔(ficoll)梯度从健康供体的人类全血分离人类外周血液单核细胞(PBMC)。将细胞在37℃,5%CO2含湿气培育箱中在补充有10%热灭活胎牛血清(FBS,生活科技)、2mM Glutamax(生活科技)、25mM HEPES(生活科技)和1×Pen/Strep(生活科技)的RPMI(生活科技)中培养。将细胞以200,000个细胞/孔接种于培养基(50μL)中且培养1小时。将化合物连续稀释于DMSO中且接着在培养基中稀释另外500倍(达到2×最终分析浓度)。将测试化合物(100微升/孔)添加到细胞,且在37℃,5%CO2下培育1h,随后添加含IL-2(研发系统;最终浓度100ng/mL)和抗CD3(BD生物科学;最终浓度1μg/mL)的预温热分析培养基(50μL)持续24h。
(2)在细胞因子刺激之后,使细胞在500g下离心5min且去除上清液并在-80℃下冷冻。为测定测试化合物响应于IL-2/抗CD3的抑制性能,经由ELISA(研发系统)测量上清液IFNγ浓度。根据IFNγ浓度对比于化合物浓度的抑制曲线的分析来测定IC50值。数据表示为pIC50(负十进制对数IC50)值。
分析10:细胞JAK性能分析:CD4+T细胞中IL-2刺激的pSTAT5的抑制
使用流式细胞测量术,在从人类全血(斯坦福血液中心)分离的人类外周血液单核细胞(PBMC)中的CD4阳性(CD4+)T细胞中测量测试化合物抑制白介素-2(IL-2)/抗CD3刺激的STAT5磷酸化的性能。因为IL-2经由JAK传导信号,因此此分析提供JAK细胞性能的测量。
使用藻红素(PE)结合的抗CD4抗体(纯系RPA-T4,BD生物科学)识别CD4+T细胞,而Alexa Fluor 647结合的抗pSTAT5抗体(pY694,纯系47,BD生物科学)用于检测STAT5磷酸化。
(1)遵循分析9段落(1)的方案,不同的处在于用抗CD3进行细胞因子刺激持续30min而非24h。
(2)在细胞因子刺激之后,将细胞用预温热的固定溶液(200μL;BD生物科学)在37℃,5%CO2下固定10min,用DPBS缓冲液(1mL,生活科技)洗涤两次,且在4℃下再悬浮于冰冷的彼尔姆缓冲液(Perm Buffer)III(1000μL,BD生物科学)中持续30min。细胞用含2%FBS的DPBS(FACS缓冲液)洗涤两次,且接着在室温下在暗处再悬浮于含有抗CD4 PE(1:50倍稀释)和抗CD3 Alexa Fluor 647(1:5倍稀释)的FACS缓冲液(100μL)中持续60min。培育之后,在使用LSRII流式细胞仪(BD生物科学)分析之前将细胞用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次。为测定测试化合物响应于IL-2/抗CD3的抑制性能,在CD4+T细胞中测量pSTAT5的中位荧光强度(medianfluorescent intensity;MFI)。根据MFI对比于化合物浓度的抑制曲线的分析来测定IC50值。数据表示为pIC50(负十进制对数IC50)值。
分析11:细胞JAK性能分析:CD3+T细胞中IL-4刺激的pSTAT6的抑制
使用流式细胞测量术,在从人类全血(斯坦福血液中心)分离的人类外周血液单核细胞(PBMC)中的CD3阳性(CD3+)T细胞中测量测试化合物抑制白介素-4(IL-4)刺激的STAT6磷酸化的性能。因为IL-4经由JAK传导信号,因此此分析提供JAK细胞性能的测量。
使用藻红素(PE)结合的抗CD3抗体(纯系UCHT1,BD生物科学)识别CD3+T细胞,而Alexa Fluor 647结合的抗pSTAT6抗体(pY641,纯系18/P,BD生物科学)用于检测STAT6磷酸化。
如分析9和10中从健康供体的人类全血分离人类外周血液单核细胞(PBMC)。将细胞以250,000个细胞/孔接种于培养基(200μL)中,培养1h且接着再悬浮于含有各种浓度的测试化合物的分析培养基(50μL)(补充有0.1%牛血清白蛋白(西格玛)、2mM Glutamax、25mM HEPES和1×Penstrep的RPMI)中。将化合物连续稀释于DMSO中且接着在分析培养基中稀释另外500倍(达到2×最终分析浓度)。将测试化合物(50μL)与细胞在37℃,5%CO2下培育1h,随后在预温热的分析培养基中添加IL-4(50μL)(研发系统;最终浓度20ng/mL)持续30min。在细胞因子刺激之后,将细胞用预温热的固定溶液(100μL)(BD生物科学)在37℃,5%CO2下固定10min,用DPBS缓冲液(1mL)(含2%FBS的DPBS)洗涤两次,且在4℃下再悬浮于冰冷的彼尔姆缓冲液III(1000μL)(BD生物科学)中持续30min。细胞用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次,且接着在室温下在暗处再悬浮于含有抗CD3 PE(1:50稀释)和抗pSTAT6 Alexa Fluor647(1:5稀释)的FACS缓冲液(100μL)中持续60min。培育之后,在使用LSRII流式细胞仪(BD生物科学)分析之前将细胞用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次。
为测定测试化合物响应于IL-4的抑制性能,在CD3+T细胞中测量pSTAT6的中位荧光强度(MFI)。根据MFI对比于化合物浓度的抑制曲线的分析来测定IC50值。数据表示为pIC50(负十进制对数IC50)。
分析12:细胞JAK性能分析:CD3+T细胞中IL-6刺激的pSTAT3的抑制
使用类似于分析11的方案来测定测试化合物抑制白介素-6(IL-6)刺激的STAT3磷酸化的性能。Alexa Fluor 647结合的抗pSTAT3抗体(pY705,纯系4/P,BD生物科学)用于检测STAT3磷酸化。
分析13:肺的交链孢属赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)诱导的嗜酸性粒细胞性发炎的小鼠模型
气管嗜酸性粒细胞增多症为人类哮喘的标志。交链孢属赤星病菌为可加重人类哮喘且诱导小鼠的肺中的嗜酸性粒细胞性发炎的真菌气源性过敏原(哈沃(Havaux)等人《临床和实验免疫学(Clin Exp Immunol.)》2005年2月;139(2):179-88)。在小鼠中,已证实,交链孢属间接地活化肺中的组织固有2型先天性淋巴细胞,其作出反应(例如,IL-2和IL-7)且释放JAK依赖性细胞因子(例如,IL-5和IL-13)且调和嗜酸性粒细胞性发炎(巴特梅斯(Bartemes)等人《免疫学杂志(J Immunol.)》2012年2月1日;188(3):1503-13)。
在研究中使用来自塔科尼奇(Taconic)的七到九周龄雄性C57小鼠。在研究当天,用异氟醚轻度麻醉动物且经由口咽抽吸投予媒剂或测试化合物(0.03-1.0mg/mL,50μL总体积,经若干次呼吸)。在给药后,将动物侧卧放置且在返回其饲养笼之前监测从麻醉的完整恢复。一个小时后,再次简单麻醉动物且在监测从麻醉恢复和返回到其饲养笼之前,经由口咽抽吸用媒剂或交链孢属萃取物(200μg总输送萃取物,50μL总体积)进行刺激。在交链孢属投予后四十八小时,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid;BALF)且在BALF中使用Advia 120Hematology系统(西门子(Siemens))计数嗜酸性粒细胞。与经媒剂处理、交链孢属刺激的对照动物相比,在四十八小时时存在于经处理动物的BALF中的嗜酸性粒细胞水平降低证明所述模型中的活性。数据表示为经媒剂处理、交链孢属刺激的BALF嗜酸性粒细胞反应的抑制百分比。为计算抑制百分比,将各条件的BALF嗜酸性粒细胞的数量转换成平均经媒剂处理、交链孢属刺激的BALF嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比且减去一百百分比。
分析14:细胞JAK性能分析:IFNγ诱导的pSTAT1的抑制
使用流式细胞测量术,在从人类全血(斯坦福血液中心)衍生的CD14阳性(CD14+)单核细胞中测量测试化合物抑制干扰素γ(IFNγ)刺激的STAT1磷酸化的性能。因为IFNγ经由JAK传导信号,因此此分析提供JAK细胞性能的测量。
使用异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate;FITC)结合的抗CD14抗体(纯系RM052,贝克曼库尔特(Beckman Coulter))识别单核细胞,且Alexa Fluor 647结合的抗pSTAT1抗体(pY701,纯系4a,BD生物科学)用于检测STAT1磷酸化。
使用菲科尔梯度从健康供体的人类全血分离人类外周血液单核细胞(PBMC)。将细胞在37℃,5%CO2含湿气培育箱中在补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS,生物科技)、2mM Glutamax(生物科技)、25mM HEPES(生物科技)和1×Pen/Strep(生物科技)的RPMI(生物科技)中培养。将细胞以250,000个细胞/孔接种于培养基(200μL)中,培养2h且再悬浮于含有各种浓度的测试化合物的分析培养基(50μL)(补充有0.1%牛血清白蛋白(西格玛)、2mM Glutamax、25mM HEPES和1×Penstrep的RPMI)中。将化合物连续稀释于DMSO中且接着在培养基中稀释另外1000倍,以使得最终DMSO浓度达0.1%。将测试化合物稀释液与细胞在37℃,5%CO2下培育1h,随后以0.6ng/mL的最终浓度添加含预温热的IFNγ(研发系统)的培养基(50μL)持续30min。在细胞因子刺激之后,将细胞用预温热的固定溶液(100μL)(BD生物科学)在37℃,5%CO2下固定10min,用FACS缓冲液(1mL)(含1%BSA的PBS)洗涤两次,再悬浮于1:10抗CD14FITC:FACS缓冲液(100μL)中,且在4℃下培育15min。将细胞洗涤一次,且接着在4℃下再悬浮于冰冷的彼尔姆缓冲液III(BD生物科学)(100μL)中持续30min。细胞用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次,且接着在室温下在暗处再悬浮于1:10抗pSTAT1 Alexa Fluor 647:FACS缓冲液(100μL)中持续30min,用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次,且使用MACSQuant流式细胞仪(米尔特尼(Miltenyi))分析。
为测定测试化合物的抑制性能,在CD14+单核细胞中测量pSTAT1的中位荧光强度(MFI)。根据MFI对比于化合物浓度的抑制曲线的分析来测定IC50值。数据表示为pIC50(负十进制对数IC50)值。化合物1在此分析中展现7.5的pIC50值。
分析15:细胞JAK性能分析:GM-CSF诱导的pSTAT5的抑制
使用流式细胞测量术,在从人类全血(斯坦福血液中心)衍生的CD14阳性(CD14+)单核细胞中测量测试化合物抑制粒细胞-巨噬细胞群落刺激因子(GM-CSF)刺激的STAT5磷酸化的性能。因为GM-CSF经由JAK传导信号,因此此分析提供JAK细胞性能的测量。
使用异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)结合的抗CD14抗体(纯系RM052,贝克曼库尔特)识别单核细胞,且Alexa Fluor 647结合的抗pSTAT5抗体(pY694,BD生物科学)用于检测STAT5磷酸化。
使用菲科尔梯度从健康供体的人类全血分离人类外周血液单核细胞(PBMC)。将细胞在37℃,5%CO2含湿气培育箱中在补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS,生活科技)、2mM Glutamax(生活科技)、25mM HEPES(生活科技)和1×Pen/Strep(生活科技)的RPMI(生活科技)中培养。将细胞以250,000个细胞/孔接种于培养基(200μL)中,培养2h且再悬浮于含有各种浓度的测试化合物的分析培养基(50μL)(补充有0.1%牛血清白蛋白(西格玛)、2mM Glutamax、25mM HEPES和1×Penstrep的RPMI)中。将化合物连续稀释于DMSO中且接着在培养基中稀释另外1000倍,以使得最终DMSO浓度达0.1%。将测试化合物稀释液与细胞在37℃,5%CO2下培育1h,随后以0.3ng/mL的最终浓度添加含预温热的GM-CSF(研发系统)的培养基(50μL)持续15min。在细胞因子刺激之后,将细胞用预温热的固定溶液(100μL)(BD生物科学)在37℃,5%CO2下固定10min,用FACS缓冲液(1mL)(含1%BSA的PBS)洗涤两次,再悬浮于1:10抗CD14FITC:FACS缓冲液(100μL)中,且在4℃下培育15min。将细胞洗涤一次,且接着在4℃下再悬浮于冰冷的彼尔姆缓冲液III(BD生物科学)(100μL)中持续30min。细胞用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次,且接着在室温下在暗处再悬浮于1:10抗pSTAT1 Alexa Fluor 647:FACS缓冲液(100μL)中持续30min,用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次,且使用MACSQuant流式细胞仪(米尔特尼)分析。
为测定测试化合物的抑制性能,在CD14+单核细胞中测量pSTAT5的中位荧光强度(MFI)。根据MFI对比于化合物浓度的抑制曲线的分析来测定IC50值。数据表示为pIC50(负十进制对数IC50)值。化合物1在此分析中展现6.9的pIC50值。
分析16:细胞JAK性能分析:IL-12诱导的pSTAT4的抑制
使用流式细胞测量术,在从人类全血(斯坦福血液中心)衍生的CD3阳性(CD3+)T细胞中测量测试化合物抑制白介素-12(IL-12)刺激的STAT4磷酸化的性能。因为IL-12经由JAK传导信号,因此此分析提供JAK细胞性能的测量。
使用藻红素(PE)结合的抗CD3抗体(纯系UCHT1,BD生物科学)识别CD3+T细胞,且Alexa Fluor 647结合的抗pSTAT4抗体(纯系38/p-Stat4,BD生物科学)用于检测STAT4磷酸化。
使用菲科尔梯度从健康供体的人类全血分离人类外周血液单核细胞(PBMC)。将细胞在37℃,5%CO2含湿气培育箱中在补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS,生活科技)、2mM Glutamax(生活科技)、25mM HEPES(生活科技)、1×Pen/Strep(生活科技)、盘结合的经纯化抗CD3抗体(5μg/ml,纯系UCHT1,BD生物科学)和可溶的抗CD28抗体(1μg/ml,纯系CD28.2,BD生物科学)的RPMI(生活科技)中培养3天。细胞经采集,用培养基洗涤且接着再悬浮于含有白介素-2(IL-2,10ng/ml,研发系统)的培养基中。将细胞在37℃,5%CO2含湿气培育箱中培养3天。细胞经采集,用RPMI洗涤且以250,000个细胞/孔接种于培养基(200μL)中,培养2h并再悬浮于含有各种浓度的测试化合物的分析培养基(50μL)(补充有0.1%牛血清白蛋白(西格玛)、2mM Glutamax、25mM HEPES和1×Penstrep的RPMI)中。将化合物连续稀释于DMSO中且接着在培养基中稀释另外1000倍,以使得最终DMSO浓度达0.1%。将测试化合物稀释液与细胞在37℃,5%CO2下一起培育1h,随后以10ng/mL的最终浓度添加含预温热的IL-12(研发系统)的培养基(50μL)持续30min。在细胞因子刺激之后,将细胞用预温热的固定溶液(100μL)(BD生物科学)在37℃,5%CO2下固定10min,用FACS缓冲液(1mL)(含1%BSA的PBS)洗涤两次,且在4℃下再悬浮于冰冷的彼尔姆缓冲液III(1000μL)(BD生物科学)中持续30min。细胞用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次,且接着在室温下在暗处再悬浮于含有抗CD3 PE(1:50倍稀释)和抗pSTAT4 Alexa Fluor 647(1:10倍稀释)的FACS缓冲液(100μL)中持续45min。在培育之后,在使用MACSQuant流式细胞仪(米尔特尼)分析之前将细胞用FACS缓冲液洗涤两次。为测定测试化合物的抑制性能,在CD3+T细胞中测量pSTAT4的中位荧光强度(MFI)。根据MFI对比于化合物浓度的抑制曲线的分析来测定IC50值。数据表示为pIC50(负十进制对数IC50)值。化合物1在此分析中展现6.0的pIC50值。
分析17:经混合淋巴细胞反应分析中IFNγ分泌的抑制
经混合淋巴细胞反应分析为模拟移植排斥反应的活体外分析。培养来自一个供体的T细胞与来自另一供体的同种异体树突状细胞。此反应诱导细胞免疫反应,例如IFNγ分泌。
使用菲科尔梯度和磁性分离(CD14微珠,米尔特尼),从供体A的人类全血(斯坦福血液中心)分离CD14+单核细胞。通过使细胞在37℃,5%CO2含湿气培育箱中在补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS,生活科技)、2mM Glutamax(生活科技)、1×Pen/Strep(生活科技)、白介素-4(IL-4,50ng/ml,研发系统)和粒细胞-巨噬细胞群落刺激因子(GM-CSF,50ng/ml,研发系统)的RPMI(生活科技)中培养6天来将单核细胞分化成树突状细胞。树突状细胞经采集,用培养基洗涤且接着通过使细胞在37℃,5%CO2含湿气培育箱中在含有来自大肠杆菌(LPS,100ng/ml,西格玛)的脂多糖的培养基中培养24小时来活化。细胞经采集,用培养基洗涤,以400,000个细胞/毫升再悬浮于培养基中且以10,000细胞/孔/25微升涂覆。使用菲科尔梯度和磁力分离(CD4+T细胞分离试剂盒,米尔特尼)从供体B的人类全血(斯坦福血液中心)新分离CD4+T细胞。将T细胞以4,000,000个细胞/毫升再悬浮于补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS,生活科技)、2mM Glutamax(生活科技)、25mM HEPES(生活科技)和1×Pen/Strep(生活科技)的RPMI(生活科技)中。将CD4+T细胞与树突状细胞以100,000细胞/孔/25微升混合。将细胞用测试化合物(在20μM、2μM和/或0.2μM下,50μl)处理到10μM、1μM和/或0.1μM的最终浓度。将化合物在二甲亚砜(DMSO,西格玛)中稀释到0.1%的最终浓度。0.1%DMSO用作媒剂对照。将细胞在37℃,5%CO2含湿气培育箱中维持5天。在第5天,收集上清液且使用酶联结免疫吸附剂分析(ELISA)测量干扰素γ(INFγ)。与经媒剂处理的细胞相比,利用化合物对IFNγ分泌的抑制性能来测定抑制百分比。数据为来自4个供体的平均值。在与媒剂对照相比时,化合物1能够抑制IFNγ分泌达99%±0.4(在10μM下),76%±10(在1μM下)和43%±12(在0.1μM下)。
分析18:来源于哮喘供体的人类3D气管培养物中自发性骨膜蛋白和IL-6分泌的抑制
从马泰克(AIR-100)获取EpiAirway组织培养物。细胞来源于哮喘供体,其自发地分泌骨膜蛋白、与Th2介导的哮喘相关的基质细胞蛋白(嗜酸性粒细胞性)和白介素-6(IL-6)(在Th2和非Th2相关的哮喘二者中起作用的发炎性细胞因子)。在细胞培养插入物中,人类来源的气管/支气管上皮细胞在多孔膜载体上生长和分化,使得细胞下方的温热培养基与上述气态测试气氛具有气液界面。在37℃,5%CO2含湿气培育箱中,在维持培养基(马泰克,AIR-100-MM)中培养组织。测试四个供体。在第0天,在液体界面中用10μM、1μM和/或0.1μM的测试化合物处理组织培养物。将化合物在二甲亚砜(DMSO,西格玛)中稀释到0.1%的最终浓度。0.1%DMSO用作媒剂对照。将组织培养物维持8天。培养基每2天用含有化合物的新鲜培养基置换。在第8天,收集上清液以用于分析。针对骨膜蛋白和白介素-6(IL-6),使用流式荧光检测术分析(EMD密理博)分析上清液样品。数据表示为抑制%+/-标准偏差(±STDV)。与经媒剂处理的细胞相比,利用化合物对骨膜蛋白和IL-6的自发性分泌的抑制性能来测定抑制百分比。数据为来自3或4个供体的平均值。在与媒剂对照相比时,化合物1能够抑制自发性骨膜蛋白分泌达62%±25(在10μM下)和40%±28(在1μM下)。在与媒剂相比时,化合物1能够抑制自发性IL-6分泌达91%±9.0(在10μM下),70%±33(在1μM下)和10%±40(在0.1μM下)。
晶体结构
以的分辨率获得与人类JAK1结合的化合物C-1的共晶体结构。观测到配位体结合于ATP结合位点中。基于供体与受体原子之间的或更小的距离识别出七个特异性氢键相互作用。尤其应注意,在C-1的化合物的环外酰胺的羰基与JAK1的Arg879的侧链之间识别出氢键相互作用。可针对本发明的化合物预期类似相互作用。在早期建模研究中,已提出此相互作用作为提供对JAK1优于其它酪氨酸激酶的选择性的方式,因为另外密切相关的激酶(例如,TRKA、VEGFR、ABL1)在同等位置处不具有精氨酸残基。晶体结构中氢键相互作用和经改进激酶组选择性与不具有环外酰胺的系列相比的观测结果验证了此设计假设。
虽然本发明已参考其特定方面或实施例进行描述,但所属领域的一般技术人员应了解,可进行各种变化或可取代等效物,而不偏离本发明的真实精神和范围。此外,在由适用的专利状况和法规允许的程度上,本文中所引用的所有公开案、专利和专利申请以全文引用的方式并入本文中,所述引用的程度如同将各文件单独地以引用的方式并入本文中一般。
Claims (26)
1.一种式(I)化合物,
其中:
n为0、1或2;
R1为C1-3烷基;且
各R2独立地为C1-3烷基;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,所述化合物具有式(II):
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,所述化合物具有式(III):
4.根据权利要求3所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1选自由以下组成的群组:乙基、丙基和异丙基。
5.根据权利要求2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中n为0。
6.根据权利要求2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中n为1。
7.根据权利要求2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中n为1且R2为甲基。
8.一种式1化合物,
或其药学上可接受的盐。
9.一种式1化合物,
10.一种式2化合物,
或其药学上可接受的盐。
11.一种式3化合物,
或其药学上可接受的盐。
12.一种式4化合物,
或其药学上可接受的盐。
13.一种式5化合物,
或其药学上可接受的盐。
14.一种式6化合物,
或其药学上可接受的盐。
15.一种药物组合物,其包括根据权利要求1至14中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,和药学上可接受的载剂。
16.一种根据权利要求1至14中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用途,其用于制造用于治疗哺乳动物的呼吸道疾病的药物。
17.根据权利要求16所述的用途,其中所述呼吸道疾病选自由以下组成的群组:哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、囊肿性纤维化、肺炎、特发性肺纤维化、急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合症、支气管炎、气肿、阻塞性细支气管炎、结节病、嗜酸性粒细胞性疾病、蠕虫感染、肺动脉高血压、肺淋巴管平滑肌增生症、支气管扩张症、浸润性肺病、过敏性支气管肺曲霉病、伴随多血管炎的嗜酸性粒细胞性肉芽肿、嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合症、吕弗勒氏综合症、和肺移植物抗宿主病。
18.根据权利要求17所述的用途,其中所述肺炎选自由以下组成的群组:药物诱导的肺炎、真菌诱导的肺炎、过敏性肺炎、特发性急性嗜酸性粒细胞性肺炎、特发性慢性嗜酸性粒细胞性肺炎、阻塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎和免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的肺炎。
19.根据权利要求16所述的用途,其中所述呼吸道疾病为哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病。
20.一种根据权利要求1至14中任一权利要求所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用途,其用于制造用于治疗哺乳动物的肺移植排斥反应的药物。
21.根据权利要求20所述的用途,其中所述肺移植排斥反应选自由以下组成的群组:原发性移植物功能障碍、机化性肺炎、急性排斥反应、淋巴细胞性细支气管炎和慢性肺同种异体移植物功能障碍。
22.根据权利要求20所述的用途,其中所述肺移植排斥反应为急性肺移植排斥反应。
23.根据权利要求20所述的用途,其中所述肺移植排斥反应为慢性肺同种异体移植物功能障碍。
24.根据权利要求20所述的用途,其中所述肺移植排斥反应选自由以下组成的群组:阻塞性细支气管炎、限制性慢性肺同种异体移植物功能障碍和嗜中性粒细胞性同种异体移植物功能障碍。
25.根据权利要求16所述的用途,其中所述呼吸道疾病是急性肺损伤。
26.根据权利要求16所述的用途,其中所述呼吸道疾病是急性呼吸窘迫综合症。
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CN103717599A (zh) * | 2011-07-27 | 2014-04-09 | 辉瑞有限公司 | 吲唑 |
CN108349972A (zh) * | 2015-11-03 | 2018-07-31 | 施万生物制药研发Ip有限责任公司 | 用于治疗呼吸疾病的jak激酶抑制剂化合物 |
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