CN112723877A - 一种具有微米内晶型结构的陶瓷-金属无铅压电复合材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有微米内晶型结构的陶瓷-金属无铅压电复合材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112723877A
CN112723877A CN202011591956.5A CN202011591956A CN112723877A CN 112723877 A CN112723877 A CN 112723877A CN 202011591956 A CN202011591956 A CN 202011591956A CN 112723877 A CN112723877 A CN 112723877A
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郑木鹏
晏晓东
侯育冬
朱满康
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Abstract

一种具有微米内晶型结构的陶瓷‑金属无铅压电复合材料及制备方法,属于压电复合材料技术领域。微米尺寸的Ag金属颗粒作为第二相均匀分布在BCTZ陶瓷晶粒内部形成微米内晶型结构。由于这种特殊微米结构的存在,在压电材料中实现高压电常数和低介电常数的同时获得,在压电能量收集器应用领域具有重要前景。

Description

一种具有微米内晶型结构的陶瓷-金属无铅压电复合材料及 制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于压电复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种可应用于能量收集器件的具有高压电常数和低介电常数的铁电复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
在能源危机的时代背景之下,如何将环境中废弃的能量收集并转换为可再利用的电能被各国政府、学术界乃至广大公众所共同关注。其中,基于压电效应的能量收集器件,可以将环境中产生的机械能转换为电能,具有高能量转化效率、高输出电压、不受电磁干扰、易小型化等特点,因而具有广阔的应用前景。然而,目前报道的能量收集器件功率密度较低(μW/mm3量级及以下),与电子器件的功率需求仍然存在明显的差距。为了实现高的能量密度,压电材料需要具有高的换能系数(d×g=d2/ε),即高的压电常数(d)和低的介电常数(ε)。当前,用于能量收集研究的压电材料主要以钙钛矿铅基铁电陶瓷材料为主。近年来,随着环保意识的增强,人们不得不开发高性能无铅压电陶瓷。
0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3(BZT-50BCT)是一种重要的无铅压电材料体系,自从2009年被提出以来,一直得到广泛的关注。该无铅材料具有高的压电电荷常数d33(>500pC/N),然而它的介电常数εr也很高(>4000),无法获得高的换能系数(d33×g33)。目前,普遍的方法是构建准同型相界(MPB)、多态相转变(PPT)或引入掺杂元素进行改性。然而,由于铁电材料的本征压电常数正比于它的介电常数的平方根。因此,这种方法无法显著提升材料的换能系数。
在本发明中,我们首次通过微米内晶型结构设计成功在压电材料中实现高压电常数和低介电常数的同时获得。研究中,使用亚微米级的BZT-50BCT作为压电相、纳米级的氧化银颗粒作为导电相,通过无压烧结制备了微米尺寸的银颗粒均匀分布于陶瓷晶粒内部(内晶型)的陶瓷-金属压电复合材料,该复合材料具有高的换能系数。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种同时具有高压电常数和低介电常数的无铅压电复合材料及其制备方法。本发明的压电复合材料其微观结构特征在于具有新颖的微米内晶型结构,即微米尺度的Ag颗粒作为第二相均匀分布在BCTZ陶瓷晶粒内部。这种特殊结构的存在使得材料的介电性能大幅度下降,同时压电性能维持稳定,获得高的换能系数。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取以下技术方案:
该复合材料的化学组成为:Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3(BCTZ)/xAg,x的数值为0.5mol.%~10mol.%,进一步优选金属Ag的含量为3mol.%。
本发明上述具有微米内晶型结构的压电复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,选择亚微米尺度的BCTZ陶瓷粉体作为基体材料,先采用纳米尺度的金属氧化物Ag2O颗粒进行填充,通过无压烧结工艺制备得到,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)合成BCTZ陶瓷粉体,通过固相反应制备;首先,将原料BaZrO3、BaCO3、CaCO3、TiO2烘干,然后按照化学计量比称量,随后,以无水乙醇为介质通过行星式球磨机球磨10–12小时,球磨机的速率为300-500r/min,然后100℃条件下烘干;干燥的混合物在1200-1300℃保温4小时煅烧,煅烧后的粉体再次球磨10–12小时并烘干,以获得BCTZ亚微米粉体;
(2)合成Ag2O前驱体,该前驱体采用AgNO3和KOH反应制得,其反应过程如下:
AgNO3+KOH→AgOH↓+KNO3 (1)
AgOH→Ag2O↓+H2O (2)
将称量后的AgNO3粉末溶于蒸馏水中,待AgNO3粉末完全溶解后,向AgNO3溶液中,加入过量的KOH粉末,首先发生上述(1)反应,AgOH极不稳定,在室温下迅速发生上述(2)反应,生成棕褐色Ag2O沉淀;使用高速离心机在3000-5000r/min的条件下,离心分离获得纳米级棕褐色Ag2O粉末,烘干备用;
(3)将得到的BCTZ亚微米陶瓷粉体和Ag2O纳米颗粒按化学计量比称量,以无水乙醇为介质通过行星球磨机球磨10–12小时,然后100℃条件下烘干。
(4)不需要添加粘结剂,直接在200MPa的压力下成型,然后从室温升温至1400–1500℃无压烧结,保温3小时,升温速度为5℃/min,即得目标复合材料;值得指出的是,在升温烧结过程中,温度在250–300℃时,Ag2O即分解成Ag单质和O2,并在极高温度(1400–1500℃)烧结保温时,发生纳米颗粒的聚集和分布再调整,形成微米内晶型结构;
(5)制备得到的复合材料表面经过研磨和抛光处理,涂覆银电极,对样品进行人工极化和电性能的测试。
其中,最佳样品组成为:Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3/3mol.%Ag,其性能可达到:压电常数d33=525pC/N,介电常数εr=3094,换能系数d33×g33=10066×10-15m2/N。
在本发明中,Ag金属颗粒作为第二相进入BCTZ晶粒内部,由于这种特殊微米结构的存在,使得该复合材料的界面应力效应显著增强,应力诱导的畴尺寸增加,提高了畴壁能,从而介电常数急剧下降。与此同时,电致伸缩系数大幅度提高,从而维持了稳定的压电常数,实现了高的换能系数,是潜在的应用于能量收集器件的无铅压电复合材料。
附图说明
图1为BCTZ/Ag压电复合材料的SEM照片以及Ag的元素面扫描谱。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步阐明本发明的实质性特点和显著优点。应该指出,本发明决非仅局限于所陈述的实施例。
实施例1:
按化学式Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3/0.5mol.%Ag称量Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3和Ag2O,并在乙醇中球磨10小时。混合物经烘干后在200MPa下直接压制成型,然后在1450℃下烧结3小时得到复合材料,升温速率为5℃/min。值得指出的是,在烧结过程中,温度在250–300℃时,Ag2O即分解成Ag单质和O2
实施例2:
按化学式Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3/1mol.%Ag称量Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3和Ag2O,其它同实施例1。
实施例3:
按化学式Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3/2mol.%Ag称量Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3和Ag2O,其它同实施例1。
实施例4:
按化学式Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3/3mol.%Ag称量Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3和Ag2O,其它同实施例1。
表1上述实施例性能对比表
Figure BDA0002868907090000051

Claims (5)

1.一种无铅压电复合材料,其特征在于,该压电复合材料具有微米内晶型结构,即微米尺寸的Ag金属颗粒作为第二相均匀分布在BCTZ陶瓷晶粒内部。
2.按照权利要求1的一种无铅压电复合材料,其特征在于,该复合材料的化学组成为:Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3(BCTZ)/xAg,x的数值为0.5mol.%-10mol.%。
3.按照权利要求1的一种无铅压电复合材料,其特征在于,该复合材料具有高的压电常数和低的介电常数。
4.制备权利要求1-3所述的任一一种无铅压电复合材料的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将原料BaZrO3、BaCO3、CaCO3、TiO2烘干,然后按照化学计量比称量,以无水乙醇为介质通过行星式球磨机球磨10–12小时,然后100℃条件下烘干。干燥的混合物在1200-1300℃保温4小时煅烧,再次球磨10–12小时并烘干,以获得BCTZ亚微米粉体;
(2)将称量后的AgNO3粉末溶于蒸馏水中,完全溶解后,向溶液中加入过量的KOH粉末,生成AgOH;AgOH在室温下迅速分解生成棕褐色Ag2O沉淀;使用高速离心机在3000-5000r/min的条件下,离心分离获得纳米级棕褐色纳米级Ag2O粉末,烘干备用;
(3)将得到的BCTZ亚微米粉体和Ag2O纳米颗粒按化学计量比称量,以无水乙醇为介质通过行星球磨机球磨10-12小时,然后100℃条件下烘干;
(4)不需要添加粘结剂,直接在200MPa的压力下成型,然后从室温升温至1400–1500℃无压烧结,保温3小时,升温速度为5℃/min,即得目标复合材料;在升温烧结过程中,温度在250–300℃时,Ag2O即分解成Ag单质和O2,并在极高温度1400–1500℃烧结保温时,发生纳米颗粒的聚集和分布再调整,形成微米内晶型结构。
5.权利要求1-3所述的无铅压电复合材料用于压电能量收集器件。
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