CN112695533B - 一种表面多孔结构的疏水纺织品制备方法 - Google Patents

一种表面多孔结构的疏水纺织品制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112695533B
CN112695533B CN202011515188.5A CN202011515188A CN112695533B CN 112695533 B CN112695533 B CN 112695533B CN 202011515188 A CN202011515188 A CN 202011515188A CN 112695533 B CN112695533 B CN 112695533B
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任学宏
孔雀
栗志广
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种表面多孔结构的疏水纺织品制备方法，属于纺织品整理技术领域。所述方法是以疏水性或两亲性嵌段共聚物为成膜物质，以挥发性三氯甲烷或二氯甲烷为溶剂，将织物在溶液中浸渍一定时间，然后在一定的浓度和氛围湿度条件下，织物表面呈现微纳米级多孔结构。嵌段共聚物浓度、氛围湿度、溶剂、嵌段共聚物种类等对织物表面多孔形貌的形成发挥了重要作用。本发明得到的具有疏水性能的织物表面形貌易于调节，疏水性能良好，强力不受影响，在自清洁、油水分离、过滤膜等领域有潜在应用。

Description

一种表面多孔结构的疏水纺织品制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种表面多孔结构的疏水纺织品制备方法，属于纺织品整理技术领域。
背景技术
疏水材料是对荷叶表面的结构和功能进行仿生设计，在疏水材料表面的接触角大于90°，超疏水材料表面的接触角大于150°，水滴很难在其表面铺展或润湿，在纺织品、汽车内饰、建筑等领域具有广泛应用前景。超疏水材料的制备和性能研究已成为化学、材料领域的研究热点。近年来，具有防污、自清洁、透气功能的超疏水纺织品在运动装、作战服、羽绒服、医用防护服等方面前景广阔。
超疏水织物的整理方式大多采用轧烘焙的方法，其中焙烘温度在140-200℃。整理后的织物表面附着整理助剂导致其性能受到损伤，所以如何降低超疏水织物的整理温度，且整理后织物本身的性能不会大幅度下降成为这类研究的瓶颈问题。
发明内容
针对现有疏水性织物整理温度太高，整理后织物性能下降和自清洁性能难以满足要求的缺点，本发明的目的是提供一种反应条件温和、操作简单、步骤减少的超疏水多孔织物的制备方法。该方法简单易行，织物表面多孔形貌可控调控，疏水性能优异。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种制备疏水性纺织品的方法，所述方法是将嵌段共聚物溶解在溶剂中，配制成含嵌段共聚物的溶液，将织物在该溶液中浸渍，然后将其置于空气中或在一定湿度下直至其表面溶剂完全挥发，得到具有疏水性能的织物；所述溶剂为不与水互溶的易挥发有机溶剂。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述织物为棉织物、涤纶织物、涤棉混纺织物、毛织物、麻织物、丝织物中的一种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述嵌段共聚物为星型含氟POSS嵌段共聚物、蝌蚪型含氟POSS嵌段共聚物、聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物、聚乙二醇两亲性嵌段共聚物中的一种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述嵌段共聚物的分子量在10000-100000之间，分子量分布＜1.5。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述溶剂包括三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷中的一种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述嵌段共聚物的浓度范围为10mg/mL-150mg/mL。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述湿度范围为70％-90％。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种应用上述方法制备得到的疏水性织物。所述织物表面多孔的孔径范围为0.1μm-10μm。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种整理液，所述整理液包括嵌段共聚物和溶剂；所述溶剂为不与水互溶的易挥发有机溶剂。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述嵌段共聚物为星型含氟POSS嵌段共聚物、蝌蚪型含氟POSS嵌段共聚物、聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物、聚乙二醇两亲性嵌段共聚物中的一种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述嵌段共聚物的浓度范围为10mg/mL-150mg/mL。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述溶剂包括三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷中的一种。
本发明的第四个目的是提供一种疏水整理方法，所述方法是将织物浸渍于上述整理液中，然后将其置于空气中或在一定湿度下直至其表面溶剂完全挥发即可。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述织物为棉织物、涤纶织物、涤棉混纺织物、毛织物、麻织物、丝织物中的一种。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述湿度范围为70％-90％。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，浸渍时间为5-30min。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，织物与整理液的质量体积比为1:20-80，单位g/mL。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明以纺织织物为基底，将疏水性或两亲性嵌段共聚物整理到织物上，嵌段共聚物在织物表面呈现多孔结构，提高了表面粗糙度和降低表面能，进而使得织物达到疏水的效果。所用溶剂易于挥发且与水不互溶，成膜过程中溶剂快速挥发产生一定的温度梯度，聚合物溶液表面温度急剧下降导致高湿度环境中的水蒸气冷凝，在溶液表面形成直径为纳米级的小液滴。随着挥发-冷凝过程的继续，液滴增长并进行自组装形成有序阵列，液滴被聚合物包覆，避免液滴之间彼此聚结，当溶剂和水完全挥发后，在织物表面形成多孔结构。
本发明利用嵌段共聚物配制成一定浓度的溶液，以织物为基底制备表面具有多孔结构的纺织织物，使其表面达到超疏水性能。本发明通过对聚合物分子量、溶液浓度、氛围湿度等进行调控，从而可以调节织物表面孔的孔径大小及分布，接触角高于150°，达到超疏水性能。该方法简单易行，常温下几分钟即可完成，所得多孔结构较为规整，可用于快速制备超疏水织物。本发明制备的具有多孔结构织物的超疏水性能优异，在自清洁、油水分离、过滤膜等领域有潜在应用。
附图说明
图1：具有多孔结构棉织物的SEM图
图2：表面光滑结构的棉织物的SEM图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解实施例是为了更好地解释本发明，不用于限制本发明。
实施例1：一种制备疏水棉织物的方法
取0.090g含氟POSS嵌段共聚物POSS-(PTFEMA)8(分子量13500)溶解在1mL三氯甲烷(CHCl3)中，配制成溶液。将棉织物在该溶液中完全浸湿，10min后取出马上置于湿度为90％的氛围内，待棉织物表面的溶剂和水完全挥发后得到具有多孔结构的棉织物。其对水接触角为154.0°。
参见图1，本实例制备的具有多孔结构的棉织物。这是因为本发明所选用的溶剂易于挥发且与水不互溶，成膜过程中溶剂快速挥发产生一定的温度梯度，聚合物溶液表面温度急剧下降导致高湿度环境中的水蒸气冷凝，在溶液表面形成直径为纳米级的小液滴。随着挥发-冷凝过程的继续，液滴增长并进行自组装形成有序阵列，液滴被聚合物包覆，避免液滴之间彼此聚结，当溶剂和水完全挥发后，在织物表面形成多孔结构。
实施例2：一种制备疏水棉织物的方法
参照实施例1的方法制备疏水性棉织物，区别仅在于，调整实施例1中的含氟嵌段共聚物的添加量，分别为0.010g、0.030g、0.045g、0.060g、0.120g、0.150g，使得含氟嵌段共聚物的浓度分别为10mg/mL、30mg/mL、45mg/mL、60mg/mL、120mg/mL、150mg/mL。其他条件或者参数与实施例1一致。制备得到的棉织物的接触角、强力和透气率如表1所示。这说明含氟POSS嵌段共聚物的浓度对棉织物表面疏水性的提高具有很大作用，强力基本保持不变略有增进，透气率随着浓度增加而减小。
表1
Figure BDA0002847597870000031
实施例3：一种制备疏水棉织物的方法
参照实施例1的方法制备疏水性棉织物，区别仅在于，将实施例1中的湿度变为50％、70％、和100％，其他条件或者参数与实施例1一致。湿度为50％和100％均不能形成规整多孔结构，当湿度为70％时，纤维素膜的接触角为142.6°，强力为607N，透气率为128mm·s-1。
实施例4：一种制备疏水棉织物的方法
取0.090g含氟POSS嵌段共聚物POSS-(PTFEMA)8(分子量13500)溶解在1mL三氯甲烷(CHCl3)中，配制成溶液。将棉织物在该溶液中完全浸湿，10min后取出置于空气中，待棉织物表面的溶剂自然挥发后得到表面光滑的棉织物，其表面SEM图如图2所示。其对水接触角为138.9°，说明织物表面的多孔结构对织物疏水性能的提高发挥了重要作用。
对比例1：
参照实施例1的方法，区别仅在于，将三氯甲烷替换成N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，其他条件同实施例1。结果显示：织物表面没有形成多孔结构。
对比例2：
参照实施例1的方法，区别仅在于，将三氯甲烷替换成四氢呋喃，其他条件同实施例1。结果显示：织物表面不能形成规整多孔结构。
对比例3：
参照实施例1的方法，区别仅在于，将含氟POSS嵌段共聚物替换成聚乙二醇，其他条件同实施例1。结果显示：织物表面没有形成多孔结构。
表2
Figure BDA0002847597870000041
由表1和表2的数据可以看出，织物表面疏水性与嵌段共聚物浓度、氛围湿度等有很大关系，织物表面多孔结构的形成与氛围湿度、溶剂、共聚物种类有关。强力稍有提高，未对纤维造成损伤。透气性有一定程度下降，由于其表面的多孔结构，相对于直接成膜的织物的透气性要好。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉此技术的人，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可做各种的改动与修饰，因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (2)

1.一种制备疏水性棉织物的方法，其特征在于，所述方法是将嵌段共聚物溶解在溶剂中，配制成含嵌段共聚物的溶液，将棉织物在该溶液中浸渍，然后将其置于空气中或在70%-90%的湿度条件下直至其表面溶剂完全挥发，得到具有疏水性能的棉织物；
所述溶剂为不与水互溶的易挥发有机溶剂；所述溶剂为三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷中的一种；
所述嵌段共聚物为星型含氟POSS嵌段共聚物、蝌蚪型含氟POSS嵌段共聚物中的一种，所述嵌段共聚物的分子量在10000-100000之间，分子量分布＜1.5；
所述嵌段共聚物的浓度范围为45mg/mL-150mg/mL。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法制备得到的疏水性棉织物。
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