CN112691052B - 纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液及其制备和应用。该纳米乳液包括以下质量百分比的原料：多甲氧基黄酮/天然油混合物5～20％，乳化稳定剂2～10％，非离子型乳化剂2～20％，去离子水余量；上述各组分的质量总和为100％。制备方法：将多甲氧基黄酮与天然油按比例混匀得到多甲氧基黄酮/天然油混合物；将乳化稳定剂和非离子型乳化剂溶于去离子水中得到水相；将多甲氧基黄酮/天然油混合物和水相混匀，得到混合液；采用高压均质机或超声波发生器处理混合液直至混合液成为稳定乳液且粘度不再降低。本发明的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液可直接或间接广泛应用于食品、保健品、药品、化妆品等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液领域，具体涉及一种纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液及其制备和应用。
背景技术
多甲氧基黄酮(Polymethoxylated Flavonoids，PMFs)属柑橘属水果中特有的一类黄酮化合物，以自由糖苷配基形式存在，呈平面结构。黄酮的化学结构式如下：
当四个及以上H官能团被甲氧基取代则为多甲氧基黄酮。
川陈皮素(nobiletin)和橘皮素(tangeretin)是柑橘果皮中主要的多甲氧基黄酮类化合物。其他柑橘果皮中的多甲氧基黄酮还包括5-去甲基川陈皮素(5-demethylnobiletin)，5-去甲基橘皮素(5-demethyltangeretin)，甜橙黄酮(5,6,7,3',4'-五甲氧基黄酮，Sinensetin)，异橙黄酮(3’,4’,5,7,8-五甲氧基黄酮,isosinensetin)，5,6,7,4'-四甲氧基黄酮(5,6,7,4’-tetramethxyflavone)，3,5,6,7,3',4'-六甲氧基黄酮(3,5,6,7,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone)，5-羟基-3,6,7,8,3',4'-六甲氧基黄酮(5-hydroxyl-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone)，和3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-七甲氧基黄酮(3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone)等。其中常见的9种多甲氧基黄酮的结构式如下：
柑橘果实中的多甲氧基黄酮类化合物具有很强的抗氧化活性和消除自由基能力，尤其在抗癌，抑制肿瘤，抗炎症，抗诱变等方面效果突出。现有的研究结果表明，多甲氧基黄酮类物质具有抗发炎的生物活性。许多研究证实，多甲氧基黄酮具有和未被甲基化黄酮相似的活性，如抗癌、抗病毒等，并且生物可利用率高于未被甲基化的黄酮。
专利CN201710570533.7及专利CN201710571138.0阐述了川陈皮素在制备预防心血管炎症药物及治疗银屑病的药物上的应用。专利CN201710123220.7介绍了包括陈皮素、川陈皮素、甜橙素、5-羟基-3,6,7,3',4'-五多甲氧基黄酮、5-羟基-3,6,7,8,3',4'-六甲氧基黄酮、5-羟基-6,7,4'-三多甲氧基黄酮中的一种或多种在制备治疗黑色素瘤的药物上的应用。
据统计，2016年全球柑橘产量达到1.24×108t，但全球的加工量仅为2.35×107t，不足总产量的20％。柑橘皮渣是柑橘加工工业的副产品，通常未得到充分合理的利用，柑橘皮渣的处理已经成为柑橘加工企业的头号难题。如果能够高效地开发和利用柑橘中的多甲氧基黄酮，对有效利用柑橘资源，延长柑橘加工的产业链，推动柑橘产业化进程具有重要意义。
多甲氧基黄酮类化合物的羟基都被甲氧基化，导致其在水中的溶解度极小，在体系中分散性差。多甲氧基黄酮类化合物最终的目的需要进入血液循环系统，而我们的身体有60％～70％是水。疏水性的多甲氧基黄酮难以被水相的人体吸收，所以多甲氧基黄酮的生物利用度很低，这极大的限制了其在实践中的应用。如果能改善其溶解性及生物利用率，将为其在食品领域的应用带来巨大的便利。而国内外学者对该方面的研究较少，自组装前体脂质体、用壳聚糖搭载川陈皮素以及川陈皮素固体脂质纳米粒(solid lipidnanoparticles，SLN)等。然而，脂质体制备成本高、荷载低，且其物质释放也较快；虽然SLN在包封率、物质释放等方面有了明显提高，但其贮藏期间的多晶型转换会导致包封物质泄露以及搭载能力不高也限制了其应用。
申请号为CN201910209449.1的专利公开了一种高载量多甲氧基黄酮类化合物的速溶微胶囊粉及其制备方法。其速溶微胶囊粉是以功能性油脂、多甲氧基黄酮类化合物，植物精油为芯材，与蛋白类乳化剂壁材反应制备而成。
申请号为CN201811584224.6的专利公开了一种含有多甲氧基黄酮的柑橘风味添加剂及其制备方法。其中多甲氧基黄酮与柑橘油混合得到油相混合物，然后将所述油相混合物与水和乳化剂混合，经剪切、均质，得到柑橘油乳液，最后将所述混合乳化液进行喷雾干燥，得到多甲氧基黄酮微胶囊。
通过以上专利文献及类似方法制得的微胶囊粉末虽然能够提高多甲氧基黄酮的水分散能力和溶解量，但通常存在以下技术问题：
1)对微胶囊粉末在溶于水后形成的乳液的粒径范围定义模糊；
2)微胶囊粉末在溶于水后形成的乳液不是纳米乳液，或纳米乳液粒径较大；
3)微胶囊粉末在溶于水后形成的乳液的稳定性无证明。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题以及本领域存在的不足之处，本发明提供了一种纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液，所有原料组分均是食品级，且均是可食用的天然产物或天然产物衍生物，安全无毒，无有机溶剂，绿色环保，味道好，乳液稳定，成本低。
一种纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液，包括以下质量百分比的原料：
上述各组分的质量总和为100％；
所述多甲氧基黄酮指具有4个及4个以上甲氧基取代基的黄酮类化合物；
所述多甲氧基黄酮/天然油混合物中多甲氧基黄酮与天然油的质量比为4:1～16。
本发明首先将多甲氧基黄酮与天然油按特定质量比充分混合，从而制得稳定均匀混合物。研究发现，上述多甲氧基黄酮与天然油的质量比范围是形成稳定均匀混合物、从而进一步形成高稳定性、50～600nm粒径乳液的关键。同时，本发明使用乳化稳定剂及非离子型乳化剂与水复配形成高稳定待使用的水相乳化体系。多甲氧基黄酮/天然油混合物加入上述水相乳化体系中可以制得纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液，其粒径可控，稳定性好，可与水任意比例稀释。
本发明所述多甲氧基黄酮具有低极性、较强生物活性等特点，选择范围和种类可以不作限定，可以是任何种类、以任何存在形式的多甲氧基黄酮，可以是粉末状，亦可以是油状，均可得到高稳定性纳米乳液。
作为优选，所述多甲氧基黄酮包括川陈皮素、橘皮素、5-去甲基川陈皮素、5-去甲基橘皮素、甜橙黄酮、异橙黄酮、5,6,7,4'-四甲氧基黄酮、3,5,6,7,3',4'-六甲氧基黄酮、5-羟基-3,6,7,8,3',4'-六甲氧基黄酮、3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-七甲氧基黄酮中的至少一种。
所述天然油优选为橄榄油、杏仁油、摩洛哥坚果油、鳄梨油、葡萄籽油、椰子油、葵花籽油、霍霍巴油、辣木油、蓖麻油、黑籽油、月见草油、玫瑰果油、亚麻籽油、小麦胚芽油、塔马奴油、大豆油、花生油、玉米胚芽油中的至少一种。这些种类的天然油在上述与多甲氧基黄酮的质量比条件下可更好的形成高稳定性、粒径可控的纳米乳液。
作为优选，所述乳化稳定剂为阿拉伯胶及其衍生物中的至少一种。
作为优选，所述非离子型乳化剂为单酸甘油脂类、聚甘油脂类中的至少一种。
所述单酸甘油脂类优选为甘油辛酸酯、甘油癸酸酯、甘油月桂酸酯、甘油肉豆蔻酯、甘油油酸酯中的至少一种。
所述聚甘油脂类优选为聚甘油与脂肪酸形成的酯类，包括单酸酯、二酸酯及多酸酯等。进一步优选，所述聚甘油为聚甘油-2、聚甘油-3、聚甘油-4、聚甘油-6或聚甘油-10。
作为优选，所述乳化稳定剂与非离子型乳化剂的质量比为2:1～10。
采用上述优选种类的乳化稳定剂和非离子型乳化剂，同时控制乳化稳定剂与非离子型乳化剂的质量比为2:1～10，共同作用可进一步提高所得纳米乳液的稳定性和小粒径的可控性。
作为优选，所述多甲氧基黄酮/天然油混合物的质量与所述乳化稳定剂、非离子型乳化剂的质量之和的比例为3:1～9。
本发明可通过同时调整：1、多甲氧基黄酮与天然油的用量配比，2、乳化稳定剂与非离子型乳化剂的用量配比，3、多甲氧基黄酮/天然油混合物用量与乳化稳定剂、非离子型乳化剂的用量之和的配比，制备得到不同粒径的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液。
本发明所述的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液，可实现粒径为50～600nm，室温下稳定时间不小于1年。
本发明还提供了所述的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液的制备方法，包括步骤：
(1)将多甲氧基黄酮与天然油按比例混匀得到多甲氧基黄酮/天然油混合物(即油相)；
(2)将乳化稳定剂和非离子型乳化剂溶于去离子水中得到水相；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的多甲氧基黄酮/天然油混合物和步骤(2)得到的水相混匀，得到混合液；
(4)采用高压均质机(high pressure homogenizer)或超声波发生器(ultrasonicprocessor)处理步骤(3)得到的混合液直至所述混合液成为稳定乳液且粘度不再降低，即得所述纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液。
本发明必须使用高压均质机或者超声波发生器对步骤(3)得到的混合液进行处理才能得到纳米级的稳定乳液。
本发明纳米乳液制备方法适用于各种多甲氧基黄酮，无论是粉末状或者油状，均不影响纳米乳液的制备。
上述制备方法生产流程简便高效，无需加热，无有机溶剂，易于大规模生产。
作为优选，步骤(1)中，将多甲氧基黄酮与天然油室温混合搅拌20min～1h得到油相。
作为优选，步骤(2)中，将乳化稳定剂和非离子型乳化剂加入去离子水中搅拌20min～4h得到水相。
本发明的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液可以直接使用，也可进一步进行后续加工之后再使用，例如干燥(如喷雾干燥)形成微胶囊粉末等固体形式进行使用或继续深加工。
作为一个总的发明构思，本发明还提供了一种微胶囊粉末的制备方法，包括：将所述的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液进行喷雾干燥即得所述微胶囊粉末。所述喷雾干燥的温度可以为60～200℃。
本发明还提供了所述的微胶囊粉末的制备方法制备得到的微胶囊粉末。
发明人进一步设计了基于本发明的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液和相应微胶囊粉末的SYNFECT系列的膳食补充剂、化妆品、生物医药制品等。本发明的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液和相应微胶囊粉末可直接或间接广泛应用于食品、保健品、药品、化妆品等。
本发明与现有技术相比，主要优点包括：
(I)本发明首次制备了纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液，所有原料组分均是食品级，且均是可食用的天然产物或天然产物衍生物，安全无毒，无有机溶剂，绿色环保，味道好，乳液稳定，成本低。
(II)本发明制备方法生产流程简便高效，无需加热，无有机溶剂，易于大规模生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的操作方法，通常按照常规条件，或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
实施例1
本实施例的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液，由下列质量比的原料制成：
本实施例的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液的制备方法包括步骤：
(1)将20g川陈皮素溶解于20g橄榄油和10g葵花籽油中得到油相。
(2)将20g阿拉伯胶，40g聚甘油-4辛酸酯和10g聚甘油-4月桂酸酯溶于880g去离子水中得到水相。
(3)将步骤(1)得到的油相和步骤(2)得到的水相混合后搅拌均匀得到混合液；
(4)使用超声波发生器(ultrasonic processor)在室温下处理所述混合液约5分钟直至所述混合液成为稳定乳液且粘度不再降低，即得纯天然高稳定性川陈皮素纳米乳液。所得乳液为乳黄色，且在室温下性质稳定。
经测定，所配乳液粒径在100～500nm之间。在25℃条件下放置一年后乳液体系仍保持稳定，无油水相分离现象。
实施例2
本实施例的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液，由下列质量比的原料制成：
本实施例的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液的制备方法包括步骤：
(1)将30g川陈皮素，20g橘皮素，及20g甜橙黄酮溶解于70g杏仁油中得到油相。
(2)将30g阿拉伯胶，60g聚甘油-10辛酸酯和50g聚甘油-10癸酸酯溶于720g去离子水中得到水相。
(3)将步骤(1)得到的油相和步骤(2)得到的水相混合后搅拌均匀得到混合液；
(4)使用超声波发生器(ultrasonic processor)在室温下处理处理混合液3～5分钟直至所述混合液成为稳定乳液且粘度不再降低，即得所述的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液。
经试验测定，所配乳液粒径在100～500nm之间。在25摄氏度条件下放置一年后乳液体系仍保持稳定，无油水相分离现象。
实施例3
分别将上述实施例1、2制备得到的纳米乳液进行60～200℃喷雾干燥即可得到相应配方的微胶囊粉末。
此外应理解，在阅读了本发明的上述描述内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液，其特征在于，由下列质量比的原料制成：
所述纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液的制备方法包括步骤：
(1)将20g川陈皮素溶解于20g橄榄油和10g葵花籽油中得到油相；
(2)将20g阿拉伯胶，40g聚甘油-4辛酸酯和10g聚甘油-4月桂酸酯溶于880g去离子水中得到水相；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的油相和步骤(2)得到的水相混合后搅拌均匀得到混合液；
(4)使用超声波发生器在室温下处理所述混合液5分钟直至所述混合液成为稳定乳液且粘度不再降低，即得纯天然高稳定性川陈皮素纳米乳液；
所得纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液为乳黄色，且在室温下性质稳定，乳液粒径在100～500nm之间，在25℃条件下放置一年后乳液体系仍保持稳定，无油水相分离现象。
2.一种纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液，其特征在于，由下列质量比的原料制成：
所述纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液的制备方法包括步骤：
(1)将30g川陈皮素，20g橘皮素，及20g甜橙黄酮溶解于70g杏仁油中得到油相；
(2)将30g阿拉伯胶，60g聚甘油-10辛酸酯和50g聚甘油-10癸酸酯溶于720g去离子水中得到水相；
(3)将步骤(1)得到的油相和步骤(2)得到的水相混合后搅拌均匀得到混合液；
(4)使用超声波发生器在室温下处理处理混合液3～5分钟直至所述混合液成为稳定乳液且粘度不再降低，即得所述的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液；
所得纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液粒径在100～500nm之间；在25摄氏度条件下放置一年后乳液体系仍保持稳定，无油水相分离现象。
3.一种微胶囊粉末的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：将权利要求1或2所述的纯天然高稳定性多甲氧基黄酮纳米乳液进行喷雾干燥即得所述微胶囊粉末。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法制备得到的微胶囊粉末。
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