CN112690246B - Breeding method, system and feed for preventing African swine fever by utilizing eucalyptus effective components - Google Patents
Breeding method, system and feed for preventing African swine fever by utilizing eucalyptus effective components Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and relates to a breeding method, a system and feed for preventing African swine fever by using eucalyptus effective components. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a site in a pig farm; preparing pig drinking water, namely adding 0.2kg to 10kg of eucalyptus leaves into 1000kg of water, boiling the water added with the eucalyptus leaves, decocting for more than 5 minutes, and cooling the water to obtain the pig drinking water; preparing a fermentation material, wherein the fermentation material takes eucalyptus leaves as an additive component, the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the fermentation material is 1-15%, and the fermentation material and the powder are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined proportion to be used as the pig feed; preparing a cleaning disinfectant, namely mixing eucalyptus oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves with 60 to 80 percent ethanol to form mixed solution; a step of timing pig-driving and marketing movement, which is to drive pigs to a eucalyptus forest to move according to outdoor illumination intensity and temperature; and cleaning and disinfecting the pig farm according to a preset period. The breeding method, the breeding system and the feed have the characteristics of capability of effectively preventing African swine fever and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry breeding, in particular to a breeding method, a breeding system and a feed for preventing African swine fever by utilizing eucalyptus effective components.
Background
African Swine Fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic and virulent infectious disease caused by African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) infecting domestic pigs and various wild pigs (such as African wild pigs, european wild pigs and the like). The world animal health Organization (OIE) classifies the animal epidemic disease as a legal report animal epidemic disease, and the disease is also a type of animal epidemic situation which is mainly prevented in China. The clinical symptoms of African swine fever are similar to those of swine fever, and the clinical symptoms of African swine fever are only confirmed by laboratory monitoring.
Since the first African swine fever virus is discovered in 8 months in 2018, swine fever viruses are discovered in various places, pork supply is greatly reduced, the price of pigs is greatly increased due to the fact that the African swine fever is heavily abused in China, and the life quality level of people is seriously influenced.
At present, research is carried out around African swine fever virus by the department of agriculture and medical health organizations as well as many colleges and scientific research institutions, and some vaccines and the like enter clinical trials successively, but at present, no well-established effective prevention and treatment method for African swine fever exists. The Chinese herbal medicines for preventing and controlling African swine fever in the market mainly comprise astragalus, isatis root, dyers woad leaf, heartleaf houttuynia herb, weeping forsythia and the like, and the Chinese herbal medicine technology has the main defects that: 1. the yield is limited, the cost is high, the pig farm cannot be used in a large scale, and the prevention effect is poor. 2. The problem of virus infection through air still exists in the surrounding environment of the farm, and the problem of virus infection carried by animals such as flies, mice and the like is not solved.
In view of the above, the invention develops a set of cultivation method and cultivation system based on the practice and exploration of pig raising on self-operated farms, wherein the cultivation method and the cultivation system are effective in traditional Chinese medicine feed and environment combination compared with surrounding control groups.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method, a system and a feed for preventing African swine fever by utilizing eucalyptus effective components, and aims to solve the technical problem that the African swine fever cannot be effectively prevented in the actual pig breeding link of a farm in the prior art.
As a first aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cultivation method for preventing african swine fever using an active ingredient of eucalyptus, wherein the cultivation method comprises:
a pig farm site selection step, wherein the site selection is carried out on a mountain forest land surrounded by a eucalyptus forest, and the eucalyptus forest is used as a biological isolation zone and a pig sports field;
preparing pig drinking water, namely adding 0.2kg to 10kg of eucalyptus leaves into 1000kg of water, boiling the water added with the eucalyptus leaves, decocting for more than 5 minutes, and cooling the water to obtain the pig drinking water;
preparing a fermented material, wherein the fermented material takes eucalyptus leaves as an additive component, the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the fermented material is 1-15%, and the fermented material and the powder are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined proportion to be used as the pig feed;
preparing a cleaning disinfectant, namely mixing eucalyptus oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves with ethanol with the concentration of 60-80% to form a mixed solution;
a step of timing pig-driving and marketing movement, which is to select a time period suitable for pig movement to drive pigs to a eucalyptus forest according to outdoor illumination intensity and temperature;
and cleaning and disinfecting the pig farm according to a preset period, cleaning the pig farm with water, and after the pig farm is dried, spraying and disinfecting the pig farm with the prepared cleaning disinfectant.
In the step of preparing the fermented material, fresh and crushed eucalyptus leaves are added when the fermented material and the powder are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined ratio to be used as the pig feed, wherein the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the pig feed is not more than 2%.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of preparing the fermentation material specifically comprises:
preparing a bacterial liquid;
preparing a fermentation material raw material, wherein the fermentation material raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn flour accounts for 15 to 20 percent, the bean pulp accounts for 10 to 15 percent, the wheat bran accounts for 10 to 20 percent, and the eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5 to 10 percent;
mixing and stirring for the first time, crushing the fermentation material raw materials, and mixing and stirring uniformly after crushing to generate a primary feed;
mixing and stirring for the second time, adding water into the standing bacterium solution to dilute the bacterium solution into a diluent, then uniformly spraying the diluent on the primary feed to perform mixing and stirring again to generate a secondary feed, wherein the proportion of the diluent in the secondary feed is 40-50%, and the proportion of the primary feed in the secondary feed is 50-60%;
sealing and fermenting, namely filling the uniformly stirred secondary feed into a container, compacting, inserting a strip-shaped object into the feed in the container, punching to the bottom of the container, controlling the distance between adjacent holes to be 3-8 cm, and fermenting for a preset time.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the pig feed, the mass percentages of the fermented material and the powder material are as follows: the fermentation material accounts for 10-40%, the powder accounts for 60-90%, and the powder comprises: corn, bean pulp and wheat bran.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pig feed further comprises a premix accounting for 3-6% of the total weight of the pig feed, and the premix is added at the same time as or after the fermentation material and the powder are mixed.
As a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a farming system for preventing african swine fever using an active ingredient of eucalyptus, the farming system including:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting a pre-selected pig farm, wherein the selected pig farm is located in a mountain forest land surrounded by eucalyptus, and the eucalyptus forest is used as a biological isolation zone and a pig sport field;
the pig drinking water is prepared by adding 0.2kg to 10kg of eucalyptus leaves into 1000kg of water, boiling the water added with the eucalyptus leaves, decocting for more than 5 minutes, and cooling with water to obtain the pig drinking water;
a pig drinking water tank for containing the pig drinking water for the pig to drink, the pig drinking water tank being located near the pig farm within the biological isolation zone;
cleaning disinfectant, mixing eucalyptus oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves with 60-80% ethanol to form mixed solution;
the pig feed comprises a fermentation material and a powder material, wherein the fermentation material comprises eucalyptus leaf effective components, the mass percent of the eucalyptus leaves in the fermentation material is 1% -15%, and the fermentation material and the powder material are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined proportion to serve as the pig feed.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, fresh and crushed eucalyptus leaves are added when the fermentation material and the powder material are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined proportion to be used as the pig feed, and the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the pig feed is not more than 2%.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fermentation material comprises:
fermentation raw materials: ensiling raw materials, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves;
a leavening agent: yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis;
wherein the mass percentage range of the leavening agent and the raw materials is as follows: (0.2-10) 1000;
in the fermentation raw materials, the silage raw materials, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves are in the following mass percentage ranges: the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn accounts for 15 to 20 percent, and the soybean meal accounts for 10 to 15 percent; wheat bran accounts for 10-20%, and eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5-10%;
in the leavening agent, the mass ratio range of the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast and the bacillus subtilis is as follows: (1.5-2) 1:1.
as a third aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a traditional Chinese medicine feed for preventing african swine fever, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine feed mainly includes:
fermentation raw materials: ensiling raw materials, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves;
and (3) a leavening agent: yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis;
wherein the mass percentage range of the leavening agent and the raw materials is as follows: (0.2-1) 1000;
in the fermentation raw materials, the silage raw materials, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves are in the following mass percentage ranges: the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn accounts for 15 to 20 percent, and the soybean meal accounts for 10 to 15 percent; wheat bran accounts for 10-20%, and eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5-10%;
in the leavening agent, the mass ratio range of the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast and the bacillus subtilis is as follows: (1.5-2) 1:1.
as a fourth aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a preparation method for preparing the aforementioned traditional Chinese medicine feed, wherein the preparation method includes:
preparing a bacterial liquid;
preparing a fermentation material raw material, wherein the fermentation material raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn flour accounts for 15 to 20 percent, the soybean meal accounts for 10 to 15 percent, the wheat bran accounts for 10 to 20 percent, and the eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5 to 10 percent;
mixing and stirring for the first time, crushing the fermentation material raw materials, and then mixing and stirring uniformly to generate primary feed;
mixing and stirring for the second time, adding water into the standing bacterial liquid to dilute the bacterial liquid into a diluent, then uniformly spraying the diluent on the primary feed, and mixing and stirring again to generate a secondary feed, wherein the proportion of the diluent in the secondary feed is 40-50%, and the proportion of the primary feed in the secondary feed is 50-60%;
sealing and fermenting, namely filling the uniformly stirred secondary feed into a container, compacting, inserting a strip-shaped object into the feed in the container, punching to the bottom of the container, controlling the distance between adjacent holes to be 3-8 cm, and fermenting for a preset time.
According to the breeding method, the system and the feed for preventing the African swine fever by using the eucalyptus effective ingredients, a set of three-dimensional system for preventing the African swine fever is constructed on the basis of the eucalyptus leaves, the African swine fever can be effectively prevented, the overall disease resistance of pigs is greatly improved, compared with a conventional pig farm which is located in different regions of the same region and does not adopt the breeding method, the system and the feed for preventing the African swine fever provided by the embodiment of the invention, the African swine fever can be obviously prevented, almost all pigs in the peripheral conventional pig farm are infected with the African swine fever, the death rate is close to 100%, the survival rate of the pig farm adopting the technical scheme of the invention in the aspect of preventing the African swine fever reaches 100%, the cost and the environmental pollution of preventing the swine fever are reduced, and the breeding success rate of farmers is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a farming method for preventing African swine fever using eucalyptus as an active ingredient according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the appearance of a pig farm without the present breeding method as a control experiment in the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the appearance of another pig farm without the present cultivation method as a control experiment in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention showing the appearance of a pig farm with eucalyptus forests;
FIG. 5 is another schematic view of a pig farm with eucalyptus forests in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another appearance of a pig farm with eucalyptus forests in which the present cultivation method is employed according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a pig farm with eucalyptus forests in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a pig drinking water pool with boiled eucalyptus leaves in a pig farm according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view showing the structure of a farming system for preventing African swine fever using an effective component of eucalyptus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below, and in order to make objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of another like element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The invention mainly relates to a cultivation method and a cultivation system for preventing African swine fever by utilizing active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine eucalyptus, which is a systematic cultivation technology capable of being widely popularized, and mainly comprehensively considers the aspects of pig diet, pig living environment and the like, and adopts a multi-azimuth and three-dimensional African swine fever prevention and treatment means. Based on industrialized breeding practice, the prevention of African swine fever is realized from the aspects of value, scientificity, practicability and systematicness by brand new vision.
Embodiment mode 1
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a cultivation method for preventing african swine fever by using eucalyptus effective components, and the cultivation method obtains a successful effect of preventing and treating the african swine fever through practice tests. The culture method mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a pig farm site, wherein the site is a mountain forest land surrounded by a eucalyptus forest, and the eucalyptus forest is used as a biological isolation zone and a pig sport field;
a comparative example of pig farm siting is shown in fig. 2 and 3, where the siting is in a relatively open area and traffic is convenient, but where there are few trees around the site, no shelter from forest trees, no natural air barriers, viruses may be rushing around houses, and vehicles are moving frequently, the pig farm is housed, and pigs spend a lifetime in the pig farm. However, it is less resistant to African swine fever and fails to resist the attack of African swine fever.
Referring to fig. 4 to 8, in the practical embodiment of the present invention, a pig farm is selected from a certain rural mountain forest land in Shenzhen Shenshan cooperative region, as is apparent from the figures, a large number of eucalyptus trees are planted around the pig farm, and from various angles, the eucalyptus trees surround the pig farm at a position (the distance between the pig farm greenhouse and the eucalyptus forest is 5-50 meters) about 5m to 50m away from the greenhouse of the pig farm, and the pigs can move in the eucalyptus forest at ordinary times in a stocking mode, but are limited to move in the eucalyptus forest and the pig farm, and cannot cross the boundary of the principle pig farm of the eucalyptus forest, and as can be seen from the figures, the bred pigs grow healthily. Because of the volatilization of the effective components in the eucalyptus forest, the effective components of the eucalyptus in the eucalyptus forest mainly refer to eucalyptus oil which has volatility, and are preferably blue eucalyptus and straight eucalyptus, the invasion of external viruses can be fully killed, meanwhile, the viruses on the skin of the body of a pig in the eucalyptus forest can be killed by the effective components of the eucalyptus, and meanwhile, because the effective components of the eucalyptus forest have the killing effect on mosquitoes, flies and the like, the flies and the mosquitoes are difficult to breed in a pig farm and the eucalyptus forest. The invasion of mice can be prevented by eucalyptus forest boundaries, so that the source and the way of virus infection entering a pig farm are reduced, and of course, the communication between the pig farm and the outside is only 1 to 2 roads generally, so that the transmission invasion of outside viruses can be further reduced. And planting eucalyptus trees on two sides of the road. Can have the effect of disinfecting in advance to traffic means and personnel goods etc. of coming and going, this has reduced again that the personnel that is similar to regular plant enter the pig farm and need set up loaded down with trivial details operating procedure such as sterile chamber. In addition, a pig drinking water pool is also built beside a pigsty in a pig farm, and water in the drinking water pool is eucalyptus water added into daily drinking water and boiled, so that the pig is prevented from being infected with diseases such as African swine fever due to virus invasion in a drinking water source.
In addition, similar pig farms are constructed in sites selected in Guangxi, and the beneficial effect of preventing and treating African swine fever is better compared with the pig farms in the surrounding environment.
It should be noted that there is no eucalyptus forest during site selection, and eucalyptus of a certain age can be planted around the pig farm during pig farm construction.
S2, preparing the pig drinking water, namely adding 0.2kg to 10kg of eucalyptus leaves into every 1000kg of water, boiling the water added with the eucalyptus leaves for more than 5 minutes, and cooling the water to obtain the pig drinking water; the quality of the eucalyptus leaves in each ton of water is selected by considering the yield of the eucalyptus leaves in the environment and the palatability of pig drinking water obtained after the eucalyptus leaves are boiled in water, the eucalyptus leaves cannot be proportioned at will, too high proportioning can lead pigs to be unwilling to drink, or pungent smell is strong, poor breeding experience is brought, meanwhile, the concentration of the eucalyptus leaves cannot be too low, and too low inhibition effect on bacteria is not high. The most effective components of the eucalyptus leaves can be dissolved in the water after the eucalyptus leaves are added into the water and boiled for about 5 minutes, however, practice proves that the eucalyptus leaves are preferably boiled for 5 to 15 minutes after the water is boiled, so that the most effective components of the eucalyptus leaves are dissolved in the water, and the energy consumption is reduced. When the quantity of the eucalyptus leaves in each ton of water is large, the boiling time is about 5 minutes, the boiled drinking water containing the eucalyptus leaves can obtain good effect, but when the quality of the eucalyptus leaves is small, the boiling time can be prolonged, so that the concentration of the effective ingredients of the eucalyptus leaves in the pig drinking water is reasonable.
S3, preparing a fermented material, wherein the fermented material takes eucalyptus leaves as an additive component, the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the fermented material is 1-15%, and the fermented material and the powder are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined proportion to be used as the pig feed; in the cultivation method of the invention, the preparation of the fermentation material is also a more critical step, and eucalyptus leaves are added to enhance the resistance of the pig to viruses after eating the fermentation material. The active ingredients of the eucalyptus leaves can be dispersed into the fermented feed in the fermentation process, and meanwhile, the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves cannot be too high, so that the palatability of the pigs can be influenced, the appetite of the pigs is reduced, and the growth speed of the pigs is influenced. Tests prove that the eucalyptus leaves can resist viruses when the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the whole fermentation material is between 1 and 15 percent.
S4, preparing a cleaning disinfectant, namely mixing eucalyptus oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves with 60 to 80 percent ethanol to form a mixed solution; considering that a pig farm needs to be disinfected, the prevention effect of the existing disinfectant on African swine fever is obviously not better than that of the cleaning disinfectant prepared by the invention, mainly eucalyptus oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves is mixed with ethanol with the concentration of 60-80%, and the eucalyptus oil can be dissolved into the ethanol with the concentration of 60-80% in a large amount to form a solution. During spraying, due to the volatility of the ethanol, the effective components of the eucalyptus oil can be quickly emitted into the air of a pig farm to kill viruses in time. Some pig farms adopt cleaning and sterilizing liquids such as aqueous solutions of other components, on one hand, the cleaning and sterilizing liquids need to be dried for a long time, on the other hand, the sterilizing liquids are poor in volatility, and once the swine fever viruses permeate the air, the pigs can still be infected with the swine fever viruses through the respiratory tracts of the pigs. Therefore, the cleaning disinfectant has low cost, and can sterilize the ground of a pig farm and the air above the ground of the pig farm, thereby reducing the risk of the pig inhaling respiratory tract to infect the African swine fever. In addition, the ethanol is preferably obtained by decomposition of sugar in plants.
S5, timely driving pigs out of the fence, selecting a time period suitable for pig activities according to outdoor illumination intensity and temperature to drive the pigs to a eucalyptus forest for movement; the pig leaves the pigpen and moves to the environment, and the physical ability of pig can be strengthened in the motion itself, improves the meat quality of pig, simultaneously, owing to there is the eucalyptus forest in the surrounding of pig farm, the pig not only can inhale the active ingredient of eucalyptus leaf to the motion in the eucalyptus forest, and the skin can contact eucalyptus leaf active ingredient moreover, also can play the effect of killing virus to the body surface of pig. The pigs can be driven to the eucalyptus forest for activities by selecting a plurality of time periods every day according to various aspects such as the illumination intensity, the temperature, the life habits of the pigs and the like, of course, a stocking mode can be adopted sometimes, and the stocking mode can be adopted for the pigs under the condition that the external sunlight intensity and the outdoor temperature are not too high (the outdoor temperature is below 30 ℃ as much as possible) or under the condition that the outdoor temperature is not severe weather environments such as heavy rain, storm and the like, so that the pigs can freely move. These are all flexible and the main objective is to allow pigs to effectively reduce their exposure to african viruses in eucalyptus forests.
S6, cleaning and disinfecting the pig farm according to a preset period, cleaning the pig farm with water, and after drying the pig farm, spraying and disinfecting the pig farm with the prepared cleaning disinfectant. Under the condition that water resources in the pig farm are sufficient, tap water can be used for cleaning the pig farm and then the pig farm is disinfected. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drinking water for pigs exposed to the air for a predetermined time may be used for cleaning the pig farm, and since the drinking water for pigs contains the effective components of eucalyptus leaves, it may also have a pre-killing effect on african swine fever virus, and after the pig farm is dried, the pig farm may be disinfected by a spraying device containing the above-prepared disinfectant, and generally, 2 to 3 times a week may be disinfected to ensure the sanitary conditions of the pig farm. In addition, the pig farm is cleaned and disinfected according to a preset period, and the cleaned drinking water for the pigs can also be fresh boiled eucalyptus leaf water or water which is mashed by eucalyptus leaves, soaked in water and rotten eucalyptus leaves.
In a preferred embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention, in the step S3 of preparing the fermented material, fresh crushed eucalyptus leaves are added when the fermented material and the powder material are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined ratio to be used as the pig feed, and the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the pig feed is not more than 2%. The fresh and crushed eucalyptus leaves are added to be used as a Chinese herbal medicine insect repellent, the increase proportion cannot be too high, the increase proportion is controlled to be within 2%, the pig palatability is not affected when the increase proportion is too high, the addition is better when the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the fermentation material is within 10%, and the influence on the pig palatability is not great when the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the fermentation material reaches 15%.
In another preferred embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention, in the step of S3, preparing the fermentation material, the method specifically includes:
preparing a bacterial liquid;
preparing a fermentation material raw material, wherein the fermentation material raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn flour accounts for 15 to 20 percent, the bean pulp accounts for 10 to 15 percent, the wheat bran accounts for 10 to 20 percent, and the eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5 to 10 percent; the silage here comprises: one or more of sweet potato leaf, alfalfa and green corn stalk.
Mixing and stirring for the first time, crushing the fermentation material raw materials, and then mixing and stirring uniformly to generate primary feed;
mixing and stirring for the second time, adding water into the standing bacterium solution to dilute the bacterium solution into a diluent, then uniformly spraying the diluent on the primary feed to perform mixing and stirring again to generate a secondary feed, wherein the proportion of the diluent in the secondary feed is 40-50%, and the proportion of the primary feed in the secondary feed is 50-60%;
sealing and fermenting, namely filling the uniformly stirred secondary feed into a container, compacting, inserting a strip-shaped object into the feed in the container, punching to the bottom of the container, controlling the distance between adjacent holes to be 3-8 cm, and fermenting for a preset time. The distance between the adjacent holes is controlled to be 3cm to 8cm, so that the fermented materials can be uniformly mixed and fermented, uneven fermentation cannot be caused, and the quality of the fermented materials is not influenced.
In addition, in the pig feed prepared by uniformly mixing a fermented material (or a traditional Chinese medicine feed) and powder, the mass percentages of the fermented material and the powder are as follows: the fermentation material accounts for 10-40%, the powder accounts for 60-90%, and the powder comprises: corn, bean pulp and wheat bran.
Further, the pig feed also comprises a premix accounting for 3-6%, and the premix is added at the same time or after the fermentation material and the powder are mixed, wherein the optimum accounting for the premix is 4%. The premix consists of mineral elements and some trace elements.
Application example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine feed for preventing African swine fever, which mainly comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
fermentation raw materials: alfalfa (sweet potato seedling, green corn stalk), corn flour, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves;
a leavening agent: yeast, lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, an auxiliary agent and a carrier;
wherein the mass percentage range of the leavening agent and the raw materials is as follows: (0.2-1) 1000;
in the raw materials, the silage, the corn flour, the bean pulp, the wheat bran and the eucalyptus leaves are in the following mass percentage ranges: the silage accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn flour accounts for 15 to 20 percent, and the soybean meal accounts for 10 to 15 percent; wheat bran accounts for 10-20%, and eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5-10%; the silage is selected from alfalfa and green corn stalks, and also can be selected from sweet potato leaves;
in the leavening agent, the mass ratio range of the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast and the bacillus subtilis is as follows: (1.5-2) 1:1.
wherein the pH value of the traditional Chinese medicine feed is between 4.0 and 5.0. The Chinese medicinal feed is prepared into a slightly acidic feed, has good palatability and wine flavor, and has a certain sterilization effect.
Taking preparation of 1 ton of self-prepared fermentation material (traditional Chinese medicine feed) as an example, the fermentation process of application example 1 in the first embodiment of the invention is as follows:
1. 250 g of leaven is dissolved in about 10L of warm water (about 30 ℃), and the mixture is stirred uniformly to reduce strain precipitation. Standing for half an hour to one hour.
2. Respectively processing 30Kg of eucalyptus leaves, 240Kg of alfalfa, 120Kg of corn, 90Kg of soybean meal and 120Kg of wheat bran by a pulverizer, wherein the aperture of the pulverizer is 0.5cm-1cm, and uniformly mixing. And then adding water into the settled bacterial liquid to dilute the bacterial liquid into 400Kg of the diluted bacterial liquid, uniformly spraying the diluted bacterial liquid on the powder, and stirring the powder again (the water content of the silage is controlled to be about 55-65%).
3. Placing the materials into a container such as a plastic barrel, slightly compacting, punching holes with a stick to the bottom of the fermented feed at a distance of about 5cm, sealing, and fermenting. Sealing and fermenting for about 3 days (above 25 deg.C) in summer, and sealing and fermenting for about 5 days (below 25 deg.C) in winter. After fermentation, the pH value is generally below 4-5, and the fermentation is mature when the strong acid flavor is smelled. The fermented product can be stored for a long time in a sealed way after being fermented, and can be used up as soon as possible within less than one week after being unsealed.
The pig feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-20% of fermented material, 30-40% of corn flour, 16% of soybean meal, 20-30% of wheat bran and 4% of premix.
The invention mainly relates to a full-biological mode for preventing African swine fever, and the fermentation material (traditional Chinese medicine feed) has the following advantages:
the corn flour in the fermented feed can be replaced by wheat bran, rice hull powder and the like to be used as energy substances, and the fermented feed fermented by the feed fermentation technology can be added into daily feed by 30-40% at the highest energy. However, 10 to 20 percent of the feed is selected, and the obtained feed is good in palatability, high in nutritional value and capable of promoting the rapid growth of pigs.
In the fermentation process, the crude protein and the macromolecular substances in the starch which are difficult to digest and absorb by livestock and poultry can be processed, decomposed and converted into the micromolecular nutrient substances such as glucose, amino acid, vitamins and the like which are easy to digest and absorb, the crude fiber can be greatly degraded, and a large amount of bioactive substances are generated, so that the digestibility and the nutritional value of the feed are improved. The fermented feed can also reduce feed cost, enhance pig immunity, promote pig intestinal health, improve feed utilization rate, improve pig house air environment, and produce pork with rich flavor substances and strong meat flavor.
The active ingredients of eucalyptus are utilized to kill African swine fever virus in an all-around way, air, water source and ground environment of a pig farm are protected, and parasitic animal propagation channels of the pig farm are blocked. Thereby effectively preventing and blocking the transmission of the African swine fever virus, killing the African swine fever virus in the environment and achieving the purpose of preventing and controlling the African swine fever.
Compared with the technical scheme of preventing the African swine fever by using common Chinese herbal medicines, the breeding method has obvious advantages in the aspects of killing and blocking the African swine fever virus, the technical patent ensures all-around killing and blocking of the virus, and the common Chinese herbal medicine technology cannot realize all-around disinfection and killing of the environment such as air, water source, soil ground and the like.
Experiments of the ecological pig farm of the applicant prove that the invention has good prevention and control effects on the African swine fever, and can meet the 100% requirement of the pig farm on prevention and control of the African swine fever under the same experimental conditions.
The key improvement points of the invention are as follows: 1. the active ingredients of eucalyptus are selected as biochemical reagents for killing African swine fever virus and blocking virus transmission. 2. The control of the African swine fever can be realized by 100% for the pig farm meeting the requirements of patent technical conditions, and the safety and health of the pigs in the pig farm are ensured. Therefore, the technical patent is a major breakthrough in the prevention and control technology of African swine fever.
The effective rate of the current experiment in the aspect of preventing and controlling African swine fever by the technical scheme is 100 percent, and no alternative technical scheme exists in the market at present. Compared with the conventional Chinese herbal medicine technology for preventing and controlling African swine fever in the prior art, the effective rate of the invention reaches 100%, and the invention has obvious technical advantages. And secondly, the eucalyptus leaf raw material is low in cost and is easy to obtain in southern areas, so that the eucalyptus leaf feed can be popularized in a large scale for the pig industry, and the cost burden of the pig industry cannot be increased.
Embodiment mode 2
Referring to fig. 9, embodiment 2 of the present invention further provides a cultivation system for preventing african swine fever using eucalyptus active ingredients, wherein the cultivation system comprises:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting a preselected pig farm, wherein the selected pig farm is located in a mountain forest land surrounded by eucalyptus, and the eucalyptus forest is used as a biological isolation zone and a pig sports field; the water pool and the methane tank can be arranged on the pig farm outside the big shed of the pig farm, and the alfalfa, the sweet potato and the corn can be planted on the pig farm, the mulberry can be planted as the feed, and the shading and the sunstroke prevention can be realized when the pigs are put in the farm.
The pig drinking water is prepared by adding 0.2kg to 10kg of eucalyptus leaves into 1000kg of water, boiling the water added with the eucalyptus leaves, decocting for more than 5 minutes, and cooling with water to obtain the pig drinking water;
a pig drinking water tank for containing the pig drinking water for the pig to drink, the pig drinking water tank being located near the pig farm within the biological isolation zone; a pool as a bathing pool for pigs for expelling parasites on body surface and preventing and treating dermatosis
Cleaning disinfectant, mixing eucalyptus oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves with 60-80% ethanol to form mixed solution;
the pig feed comprises a fermented material and powder, wherein the fermented material comprises eucalyptus leaf effective components, the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaf in the fermented material is 1-15%, and the fermented material and the powder are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined proportion to be used as the pig feed.
In a preferred embodiment of the second embodiment of the present invention, in the step S3 of preparing the fermentation material, fresh crushed eucalyptus leaves are added when the fermentation material and the powder material are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined ratio to be used as the pig feed, wherein the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the pig feed is not more than 2%. The fresh and crushed eucalyptus leaves are added to be used as the Chinese herbal medicine insect repellent, the increase proportion cannot be too high, the increase proportion is controlled to be within 2%, the pig palatability is not good, the addition is good when the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the fermentation material is within 10%, and the influence on the pig palatability is not great when the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the fermentation material reaches 15%.
In another preferred embodiment of the second embodiment of the invention, when the fermentation material and the powder material are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined ratio to be used as the pig feed, fresh crushed eucalyptus leaves are added, and the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the pig feed is not more than 2%.
In another preferred embodiment of the second embodiment of the present invention, the fermentation material comprises:
fermentation raw materials: ensiling raw materials, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves;
and (3) a leavening agent: yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis;
wherein the mass percentage range of the leavening agent and the fermentation raw material is as follows: (0.2-1) 1000;
in the fermentation raw materials, the silage raw materials, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves are in the following mass percentage ranges: the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn accounts for 15 to 20 percent, and the soybean meal accounts for 10 to 15 percent; wheat bran accounts for 10-20%, and eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5-10%;
in the leavening agent, the mass ratio range of the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast and the bacillus subtilis is as follows: (1.5-2) 1:1.
in addition, the preparation method of the fermentation material specifically comprises the following steps:
preparing a bacterial liquid; the preparation of the bacteria liquid can adopt the prior art, and can also be re-prepared according to the needs, for example, the content of the lactic acid bacteria is obviously more than that of other bacteria, and the acidity of the fermentation material can be improved by using the bacteria liquid later.
Preparing a fermentation material raw material, wherein the fermentation material raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn flour accounts for 15 to 20 percent, the soybean meal accounts for 10 to 15 percent, the wheat bran accounts for 10 to 20 percent, and the eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5 to 10 percent; the silage here comprises: one or more of sweet potato leaf, alfalfa and green corn stalk.
Mixing and stirring for the first time, crushing the fermentation material raw materials, and then mixing and stirring uniformly to generate primary feed;
mixing and stirring for the second time, adding water into the standing bacterium solution to dilute the bacterium solution into a diluent, then uniformly spraying the diluent on the primary feed to perform mixing and stirring again to generate a secondary feed, wherein the proportion of the diluent in the secondary feed is 40-50%, and the proportion of the primary feed in the secondary feed is 50-60%;
sealing and fermenting, namely filling the uniformly stirred secondary feed into a container, compacting, inserting a strip-shaped object into the feed in the container, punching to the bottom of the container, controlling the distance between adjacent holes to be 3-8 cm, and fermenting for a preset time. The distance between the adjacent holes is controlled to be 3cm to 8cm, so that the fermented materials can be uniformly mixed and fermented, uneven fermentation cannot be caused, and the quality of the fermented materials is not influenced.
In addition, in the pig feed prepared by uniformly mixing a fermented material (or a traditional Chinese medicine feed) and powder, the mass percentages of the fermented material and the powder are as follows: the fermentation material accounts for 10-40%, the powder accounts for 60-90%, and the powder comprises: corn, bean pulp and wheat bran.
Further, the pig feed also comprises a premix accounting for 3-6%, and the premix is added at the same time or after the fermentation material and the powder are mixed, wherein the optimum accounting for the premix is 4%. The premix is composed of mineral elements and some trace elements.
The farming system of all claims, comprising:
the excrement treatment mechanism is used for establishing a methane tank to harmlessly treat pig manure. The excrement treatment mechanism can be arranged in a region far away from a pig farm and close to the eucalyptus forest, and an isolation belt is arranged at the position to prevent the pig from being close to the periphery of the excrement treatment mechanism, so that the virus in the volatile matter can invade the pig body to infect the virus.
Application example 2
In application example 2 of the present invention, a cultivation system for preventing african swine fever using active ingredients of a Chinese herbal medicine eucalyptus includes:
site selection of a pig farm site; selecting a pig farm to be placed in an environment surrounded by eucalyptus forests;
cleaning and disinfecting pig drinking water in a pig farm;
a formula of Chinese herbal medicine feed (or Chinese herbal medicine feed) of a pig farm; and/or a method of preparing the formulation;
and (3) constructing disinfection and epidemic prevention barriers of air, soil and cultivation sheds in the range of pig farms.
The application example 2 of the invention requires that a pig farm site must be located in an environment surrounded by eucalyptus forests so as to form a biological isolation zone by using volatile matters of the eucalyptus forests, eucalyptus leaves are added into drinking water of pigs to be boiled for 5-15 minutes, fermented feed (the traditional Chinese medicine feed in the front) containing Chinese herbal medicine eucalyptus leaves is required to be used as the pig feed, air in the pig farm is in the pig farm, and the ground and soil of the pig farm are soaked and disinfected after the eucalyptus leaves are boiled in the water for 5 minutes. After drying, spraying and disinfecting the cultivation greenhouse by using self-made eucalyptus oil and a disinfectant with the concentration of 60-80% ethanol.
In addition, the system further comprises: the water pool is positioned beside the greenhouse of the pig farm and within the range of the eucalyptus forest. The area of the pool is preferably larger than 3m multiplied by 3m, and the depth of the pool is preferably 0.5m to 1m, so that pigs can take a bath in the pool before and after drinking water to kill bacteria on the skin. One or more water pools are arranged beside the greenhouse of the pig farm according to the number of pigs and the size of the farm.
Embodiment 3
The third embodiment of the invention also provides a traditional Chinese medicine feed for preventing African swine fever, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine feed mainly comprises:
fermentation raw materials: ensiling raw materials, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves;
a leavening agent: yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis;
wherein the mass percentage range of the leavening agent and the raw materials is as follows: (0.2-1) 1000;
in the fermentation raw materials, the silage raw materials, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves are in the following mass percentage ranges: the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn accounts for 15 to 20 percent, and the soybean meal accounts for 10 to 15 percent; wheat bran accounts for 10-20%, and eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5-10%;
in the leavening agent, the mass ratio range of the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast and the bacillus subtilis is as follows: (1.5-2) 1:1.
the third embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method for preparing the traditional Chinese medicine feed (fermented feed), wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
preparing a bacterial liquid; the preparation of the bacterial liquid can adopt the prior art, and can also be re-prepared according to the needs, for example, the quantity of the lactic acid bacteria can be obviously more than the content of other bacteria, and the acidity of the fermentation material can be conveniently improved after the fermentation material is used.
Preparing a fermentation material raw material, wherein the fermentation material raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn flour accounts for 15 to 20 percent, the soybean meal accounts for 10 to 15 percent, the wheat bran accounts for 10 to 20 percent, and the eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5 to 10 percent;
mixing and stirring for the first time, crushing the fermentation material raw materials, and then mixing and stirring uniformly to generate primary feed;
mixing and stirring for the second time, adding water into the standing bacterium solution to dilute the bacterium solution into a diluent, then uniformly spraying the diluent on the primary feed to perform mixing and stirring again to generate a secondary feed, wherein the proportion of the diluent in the secondary feed is 40-50%, and the proportion of the primary feed in the secondary feed is 50-60%;
sealing and fermenting, namely filling the uniformly stirred secondary feed into a container, compacting, inserting a strip-shaped object into the feed in the container, punching to the bottom of the container, controlling the distance between adjacent holes to be 3-8 cm, and fermenting for a preset time.
From the above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other various changes and modifications can be made according to the technical solution and the technical idea of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications shall fall within the protective scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for preventing African swine fever by using eucalyptus active ingredients is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a pig farm site, namely selecting the site in a mountain forest land surrounded by a eucalyptus forest, and taking the eucalyptus forest as a biological isolation zone and a pig sport field;
preparing pig drinking water, namely adding 0.2kg to 10kg of eucalyptus leaves into 1000kg of water, boiling the water added with the eucalyptus leaves, decocting for more than 5 minutes, and cooling the water to obtain the pig drinking water;
preparing a fermented material, wherein the fermented material takes eucalyptus leaves as an additive component, the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the fermented material is 1-15%, and the fermented material and the powder are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined proportion to be used as the pig feed;
preparing a cleaning disinfectant, namely mixing eucalyptus oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves with 60 to 80 percent ethanol to form mixed solution;
a step of timing pig-driving and marketing movement, which is to select a time period suitable for pig movement to drive pigs into a eucalyptus forest for movement according to outdoor illumination intensity and temperature;
and (3) cleaning and disinfecting the pig farm according to a preset period, cleaning the pig farm with water, and after the pig farm is dried, performing spray disinfection on the pig farm with the prepared cleaning disinfectant.
2. The culture method of claim 1, wherein in the step of preparing the fermentation material, fresh smashed eucalyptus leaves is added when the fermentation material and the powder material are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined ratio to be used as the pig feed, and the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the pig feed is not more than 2%.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of preparing the fermentation material specifically comprises:
preparing a bacterial liquid;
preparing a fermentation material raw material, wherein the fermentation material raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn flour accounts for 15 to 20 percent, the soybean meal accounts for 10 to 15 percent, the wheat bran accounts for 10 to 20 percent, and the eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5 to 10 percent;
mixing and stirring for the first time, crushing the fermentation material raw materials, and then mixing and stirring uniformly to generate primary feed;
mixing and stirring for the second time, adding water into the standing bacterium solution to dilute the bacterium solution into a diluent, then uniformly spraying the diluent on the primary feed to perform mixing and stirring again to generate a secondary feed, wherein the proportion of the diluent in the secondary feed is 40-50%, and the proportion of the primary feed in the secondary feed is 50-60%;
sealing and fermenting, namely filling the uniformly stirred secondary feed into a container, compacting, inserting a strip-shaped object into the feed in the container, punching to the bottom of the container, controlling the distance between adjacent holes to be 3-8 cm, and fermenting for a preset time.
4. The breeding method of claim 2, wherein in the pig feed, the mass percentages of the fermented feed and the powder material are as follows: the fermentation material accounts for 10-40%, the powder accounts for 60-90%, and the powder comprises: corn, bean pulp and wheat bran.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pig feed further comprises a premix, the premix being present in an amount of 3% to 6%, the premix being added while or after the fermented feed is mixed with the meal.
6. A cultivation system for preventing African swine fever by using eucalyptus active ingredients, which is characterized by comprising:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting a pre-selected pig farm, wherein the selected pig farm is located in a mountain forest land surrounded by eucalyptus, and the eucalyptus forest is used as a biological isolation zone and a pig sport field;
the pig drinking water is prepared by adding 0.2kg to 10kg of eucalyptus leaves into 1000kg of water, boiling the water added with the eucalyptus leaves, decocting for more than 5 minutes, and cooling with water to obtain the pig drinking water;
a pig drinking water tank for containing the pig drinking water for pigs to drink, the pig drinking water tank being located near the pig farm within the bio-isolation zone;
cleaning disinfectant, mixing eucalyptus oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves with 60-80% ethanol to form mixed solution;
the pig feed comprises a fermented material and powder, wherein the fermented material comprises eucalyptus leaf effective components, the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaf in the fermented material is 1-15%, and the fermented material and the powder are uniformly mixed according to a predetermined proportion to be used as the pig feed.
7. The culture system of claim 6, wherein fresh crushed eucalyptus leaves are added when the fermented material and the powdered material are uniformly mixed in a predetermined ratio to form the pig feed, and the mass percentage of the eucalyptus leaves in the pig feed is not more than 2%.
8. The farming system of claim 6, wherein the fermentation feedstock comprises:
fermentation raw materials: ensiling raw materials, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves;
a leavening agent: yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis;
wherein the mass percentage range of the leavening agent and the fermentation raw material is as follows: (0.2-1) 1000;
in the fermentation raw materials, the silage raw materials, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves are in the following mass percentage ranges: the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn accounts for 15 to 20 percent, and the soybean meal accounts for 10 to 15 percent; wheat bran accounts for 10-20%, and eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5-10%;
in the leavening agent, the mass ratio range of the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast and the bacillus subtilis is as follows: (1.5-2) 1:1.
9. the traditional Chinese medicine feed for preventing African swine fever is characterized by mainly comprising the following components in parts by weight:
fermentation raw materials: ensiling raw materials, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves;
a leavening agent: yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis;
wherein the mass percentage range of the leavening agent and the raw materials is as follows: (0.2-1) 1000;
in the fermentation raw materials, the silage raw materials, corns, bean pulp, wheat bran and eucalyptus leaves are in the following mass percentage ranges: the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn accounts for 15 to 20 percent, and the soybean meal accounts for 10 to 15 percent; wheat bran accounts for 10-20%, and eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5-10%;
in the leavening agent, the mass ratio range of the lactic acid bacteria, the yeast and the bacillus subtilis is as follows: (1.5-2) 1:1.
10. a method for preparing the traditional Chinese medicine feed of claim 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a bacterial liquid;
preparing a fermentation material raw material, wherein the fermentation material raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the silage raw material accounts for 35 to 40 percent, the corn flour accounts for 15 to 20 percent, the soybean meal accounts for 10 to 15 percent, the wheat bran accounts for 10 to 20 percent, and the eucalyptus leaves accounts for 5 to 10 percent;
mixing and stirring for the first time, crushing the fermentation material raw materials, and then mixing and stirring uniformly to generate primary feed;
mixing and stirring for the second time, adding water into the standing bacterium solution to dilute the bacterium solution into a diluent, then uniformly spraying the diluent on the primary feed to perform mixing and stirring again to generate a secondary feed, wherein the proportion of the diluent in the secondary feed is 40-50%, and the proportion of the primary feed in the secondary feed is 50-60%;
sealing and fermenting, namely filling the uniformly stirred secondary feed into a container, compacting, inserting a strip-shaped object into the feed in the container, punching to the bottom of the container, controlling the distance between adjacent holes to be 3-8 cm, and fermenting for a preset time.
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