CN112672443A - 用于hv部件的pwm操控的方法 - Google Patents

用于hv部件的pwm操控的方法 Download PDF

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CN112672443A
CN112672443A CN202011101466.2A CN202011101466A CN112672443A CN 112672443 A CN112672443 A CN 112672443A CN 202011101466 A CN202011101466 A CN 202011101466A CN 112672443 A CN112672443 A CN 112672443A
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P·莱因斯勒
J·舍尔施密特
M·普雷彭斯
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    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K7/00—Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
    • H03K7/08—Duration or width modulation ; Duty cycle modulation
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于多于一个HV部件的PWM操控以实现所述HV部件所需的功率，在所述方法中，通过单独的PWM控制电路来操控每个HV部件，本发明还涉及一种用于执行所述方法的设备，其中，设置用于2…n个HV部件的PWM操控的单独的PWM控制电路，并且其中设置装置，所述装置用于不对称地划分由PWM电路提供的单独的PWM操控的相移。

Description

用于HV部件的PWM操控的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于HV部件的PWM操控以实现上级系统要求的功率的方法。
背景技术
HV部件(例如电驱动车辆中的负载电阻)必须在相对较大的电压范围上完全正常工作，在400V的车载网络的情况下该电压范围为250V…450V。
为了确保该功能有效性，如此设计负载电阻(例如以加热元件构型的负载电阻)，使得所述负载电阻在250V下实现所需的功率。在更高的电压下，在完全操控时在这些功率电阻中会实现显着(平方地)更高的功率(P＝U2/R)，这将会通过热过载破坏负载电阻。必须通过进行调节来将该功率降低到最大值。此外，在需要时必须将电阻中的功率降低(调节)到最大值以下。
因此，通常通过PWM操控来调节HV部件或负载电阻(优选具有相应的占空比和fSchalt≈400Hz…20kHz的开关频率的重复的、尤其是持续的开启和关闭)。由此既能够设置最大功率，也能够设置所需的功率。然而由此会产生车载网络干扰，例如线路相关(leitungsgebundene)和场相关的(feldgebundene)干扰和电流纹波(Stromripple)。用于降低电流纹波的一种方法是将HV部件或负载电阻分解成多个(1...n)具有更大电阻和相移的操控的更小的负载电阻(ΔISchalt＝ΔISystem/n；fSystem＝n*fSchalt)。
通过分解HV部件或负载电阻，不仅会在fSchalt中，而且会在fSystem以及它们的共同的除数中产生线路相关的和场相关的干扰。这种效应在倒数(reziproken)的占空比下特别明显(在n＝8时→1/8，1/4，3/8，1/2，5/8，3/4，7/8，1)。例如在fSchalt＝500Hz；n＝8；
Figure BDA0002725496270000021
时，在500Hz、1kHz、2kHz、4kHz(＝fSystem)处产生过高
Figure BDA0002725496270000022
因此，需要一种用于HV部件的PWM操控以实现HV部件所需的功率的方法，该方法确保减少所出现的线路相关的和场相关的干扰。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提出一种用于HV部件的PWM操控以实现HV部件所需的功率的方法，在该方法中降低线路相关的和场相关的干扰。
该任务通过本发明的特征解决。在优选的实施方式中说明本发明的有利的扩展方案。
因此，本发明提出一种用于多于一个HV部件的PWM操控以实现HV部件所需的功率的方法，在该方法中通过单独的PWM控制电路来操控每个HV部件。
与现有技术相比降低线路相关的和场相关的干扰，其方式是：每个HV部件通过其自身的控制电路来操控。有利地使用奇数个HV部件。在这种意义上，优选使用3至9个HV部件。
HV部件特别优选是加热器，尤其是诸如电动汽车和/或混合电动车辆的车辆中的加热器。
与本发明的一种特别有利的扩展方案相一致，彼此相移地操控单独的PWM控制电路：特别有利地，在此不对称地划分相移。不对称的划分意味着相移不是相等的，而是不同的。在四个电路的情况下，这些电路不是分别以90°的偏移连接，而是例如以89°、92°等。于是，相移、即与两个电路之间的90°的对称的相移的偏差例如是-1°或+2°，即相移在数值上处在1°与2°之间。
由此，线路相关的和场相关的干扰在系统频率fSystem的范围内大幅降低或分布在扩大的频带上。最大相移在数量上优选是0.5至10度，特别是1至6度。
HV部件有利地包括以下元件中的至少一个或多个：加热芯、PTC加热芯、陶瓷加热芯或电阻加热芯。
本发明还提出一种用于执行以上阐述的根据本发明的方法的设备，其中，设置用于1…n个HV部件的PWM操控的单独的PWM控制电路，其中，设有装置以对由PWM电路提供的单独的PWM操控的相移进行非对称地划分。
本发明还提出一种用于执行根据本发明的方法的设备，其中，设置用于多于一个HV部件的PWM操控的PWM控制电路，其中，设有装置以在由PWM电路提供的PWM操控中将相移不对称地划分到HV部件或负载电阻上。
优选地，用于HV部件的PWM操控的PWM控制电路通过奇数个HV部件或负载电阻来设计。通过奇数个(如果可能的话质数个)HV部件或负载电阻能够消除fSchalt和fSystem的共同的除数中的过高。
以电路技术上简单的方式，用于0...n个HV部件的PWM操控的单独的PWM控制电路作为用于非对称的PWM操控的装置包括以下元件：
-共同的振荡器单元，其用于为所有单独的PWM控制电路提供统一的基本信号(fPWM Base)；
-0…n个占空比单元(接通持续时间单元)；
其中，用于非对称的PWM操控的装置包括以下元件：
-0…n个移相器单元。
有利地设置1…n个负载开关，特别是IGBTs，其用于1…n个HV部件的单独的PWM操控。
通过本发明还实现以下优点：
-根据本发明的操控方案能够非常容易地实现；
-能够显著减少用于减弱线路相关的和场相关的干扰所需要的措施；
-与现有技术相比，由此能够节省或显着减小昂贵的部件。
附图说明
下面参考附图更详细地阐述本发明。示出：
图1示出根据本发明的用于HV部件的PWM操控的设备的实施方式的框图；
图2示出具有对称的相移的八个HV部件的PWM操控的图表形式；
图3示出具有不对称的相移的七个HV部件的PWM操控的图表形式。
具体实施方式
在图1中以框图的形式示出根据本发明的用于HV部件(在本发明中以负载电阻的构型)的PWM操控的设备的实施方式。设备包括PWM控制电路块10、振荡器单元11和以加热芯12至14构型的HV部件。
PWM控制电路块10包括0...n个占空比单元(接通持续时间单元)15至17和布置在占空比单元后面的0...n个移相器单元18至20。将由振荡器单元11提供的同一个基本信号(fPWM Base)施加给占空比单元和移相器单元。
在移相器单元18的输出端处提供PWM信号0。在移相器单元19的输出端处提供PWM信号1，而在移相器单元20的输出端处提供PWM信号n。这些PWM信号相对彼此具有与对称的相移的偏差，该偏差由移相器单元产生并且在数值上为0.5°至10°，特别是1°至6°。
每个PWM信号用于单独地操控负载电阻以实现HV部件所需的功率。详细地，借助PWM信号0操控负载路径12中的负载电阻，借助PWM信号1操控负载路径13中的负载电阻，并且借助PWM信号n操控负载路径14中的负载电阻。通过单独的负载开关(在当前情况中通过IGBT)为每个负载电阻提供其单独的PWM信号。因此，通过IGBT21为负载电阻22提供其PWM信号0。以相同的方式，通过未示出的IGBT为负载路径12中的负载电阻提供其PWM信号1，而通过未示出的IGBT为负载路径13中的负载电阻提供其PWM信号n。
在图2和图3的图表中，在x轴上绘制了用于操控八个或七个负载电阻或实现负载电阻所需功率的PWM信号的时间变化过程，并且在y轴上绘制该PWM信号的幅度。
在图2中对称地划分相移，而在图3中，根据本发明的用于HV部件的PWM操控以实现HV部件所需的功率的建议相应地不对称地划分相移。从图2和3还可以获悉，在图2中使用偶数个、而在图3中使用奇数个HV部件或负载电阻。
由于在图3中表示的不对称的划分相移的措施，线路相关的和场相关的干扰可以在系统频率fSystem的范围内降低或分布到扩大的频带或占空比范围上。通过此外从图2提取的奇数个负载电阻，能够通过消除fSchalt和fSystem的共同的除数来消除过高。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于多于一个HV部件的PWM操控以实现所述HV部件所需的功率的方法，在所述方法中，通过单独的PWM控制电路对每个HV部件进行操控。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，在所述方法中，使用奇数个HV部件。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，在所述方法中，对所述单独的PWM控制电路进行彼此相移地操控。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，在所述方法中，将所述相移进行不对称地划分。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，在所述方法中，所述HV部件包括以下元件中的至少一个或多个：加热芯、PTC加热芯、陶瓷加热芯或电阻加热芯。
6.一种用于执行根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法的设备，其中，设有用于2…n个HV部件的PWM操控的单独的PWM控制电路，其中，设有装置以对由PWM电路提供的单独的PWM操控的相移进行不对称地划分。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其中，用于所述2…n个HV部件的PWM操控的所述单独的PWM控制电路作为用于非对称的PWM操控的装置包括以下元件：
共同的振荡器单元，所述共同的振荡器单元用于为所有单独的PWM控制电路提供统一的基本信号(fPWMBase)；
2…n个占空比单元；
其中，所述用于非对称的PWM操控的装置包括以下元件：
2…n个移相器单元。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的设备，其中，设有2…n个负载开关，特别是IGBTs，所述负载开关用于所述2…n个HV部件的单独的PWM操控。
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