CN112654499B - 装饰片和装饰板以及表面保护层形成用涂敷剂 - Google Patents
装饰片和装饰板以及表面保护层形成用涂敷剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112654499B CN112654499B CN201980058013.5A CN201980058013A CN112654499B CN 112654499 B CN112654499 B CN 112654499B CN 201980058013 A CN201980058013 A CN 201980058013A CN 112654499 B CN112654499 B CN 112654499B
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Abstract
本发明提供一种装饰片和使用其的装饰板,该装饰片包含表面保护层,表面保护层的耐污染性、耐碱性等长期优异,并且在施加冲击时或加工时能够抑制裂缝或裂纹的产生。具体而言,本发明提供一种装饰片和使用其的装饰板,该装饰片由在厚度方向上依次至少具有基材片和第一表面保护层的叠层体构成,该装饰片的特征在于:(1)上述第一表面保护层含有包含树脂A和树脂B这两种脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的电离辐射固化型树脂,上述树脂A为具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,上述树脂B为不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯;(2)上述第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为160MPa以上240MPa以下。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及装饰片和装饰板以及表面保护层形成用涂敷剂。
背景技术
目前,为了建筑物的内装材料所使用的门窗隔扇、地板、墙壁等的表面装饰等,已使用了各种装饰片。例如已知,广泛使用了由在厚度方向上依次具有基材片、透明性树脂层和表面保护层的叠层体构成的装饰片,或者根据需要在基材片上设置装饰层,或者为了提高粘接性而在透明性树脂层与表面保护层之间设置底涂层,或者为了提高表面保护层的耐伤性而在表面保护层的树脂成分中含有电离辐射固化型树脂等。
作为装饰片的具体例,例如在专利文献1中公开了用于建筑物的内层、门窗隔扇的表面装饰、车辆内装等的装饰片,在其实施例1中记载了在厚度方向上依次具有基材片2、着色层3、木纹花纹的图案层4、粘接层5、透明树脂层6、厚度2μm的底涂层7和由电子射线固化型树脂组合物形成的厚度5μm的表面保护层8的装饰片(专利文献1的段落[0037]和图1)。
这样,作为构成表面保护层的树脂,使用了电离辐射固化型树脂,但由电离辐射固化型树脂形成表面保护层时,固化收缩大,因此如果不对表面保护层所含的无机填料进行充分的表面处理,则有时会对耐污染性、耐碱性等产生不良影响。另外,由电离辐射固化型树脂形成的表面保护层由于硬度高,因而脆,容易因冲击而产生裂纹或裂缝。
为了改善上述问题,例如在专利文献2中公开了“一种装饰片和使用其的装饰材料,该装饰片的特征在于:在含有实施了具有不饱和双键的硅烷偶联剂处理的无机填料的电离辐射固化型树脂中,相对于电离辐射固化型树脂100重量份,混合50份至200份的配合脂肪族系聚氨酯的丙烯酸聚氨酯型多元醇树脂而成主剂,相对于该主剂的羟值,添加羟值的1.1倍以上的脂肪族系异氰酸酯的NCO值,所得到的树脂为最表面层。”。
专利文献2所公开的技术记载了:通过在含有无机填料的电离辐射固化型树脂中混合双液固化型丙烯酸酯多元醇和脂肪族系异氰酸酯,缓和固化收缩,并且维持耐污染性、耐碱性等,进而克服因耐冲击性或耐环境性而导致的裂纹和裂缝(段落[0005])。然而,在该技术中,存在着耐污染性、耐冲击性等物性可能因脂肪族系异氰酸酯的经时固化而变得不稳定之虑。
因此,要求开发一种装饰片,该装饰片包含表面保护层,其中,表面保护层的耐污染性、耐碱性等长期优异,并且在施加冲击时或加工时能够抑制裂缝或裂纹的产生。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2006-7728号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2004-268374号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种装饰片和使用其的装饰板,该装饰片包含表面保护层,其中,表面保护层的耐污染性、耐碱性等长期优异,并且在施加冲击时或加工时能够抑制裂缝或裂纹的产生。另外,其目的还在于提供一种对形成该装饰片的表面保护层有用的表面保护层形成用涂敷剂。
用于解决技术问题的技术方案
本发明人反复精心研究,结果发现了一种由在厚度方向上依次至少具有基材片和第一表面保护层的叠层体构成的装饰片,其中,在第一表面保护层含有特定的电离辐射固化型树脂时,能够实现上述目的,至此完成本发明。
即,本发明涉及下述的装饰片和装饰板以及表面保护层形成用涂敷剂。
1.一种装饰片,由在厚度方向上依次至少具有基材片和第一表面保护层的叠层体构成,该装饰片的特征在于:
(1)上述第一表面保护层含有包含树脂A和树脂B这两种脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的电离辐射固化型树脂,上述树脂A为具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,上述树脂B为不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯;
(2)上述第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为160MPa以上240MPa以下。
2.如上述项1所述的装饰片,其中,上述脂环骨架为异佛尔酮和环己烷中的至少一种。
3.如上述项1或2所述的装饰片,其中,上述电离辐射固化型树脂为电子射线固化型树脂。
4.如上述项1~3中任一项所述的装饰片,其中,上述第一表面保护层含有无机填料。
5.如上述项4所述的装饰片,其中,上述无机填料为进行疏水化处理后的无机填料。
6.如上述项1~5中任一项所述的装饰片,其中,上述第一表面保护层的厚度为5μm以上30μm以下。
7.如上述项1~6中任一项所述的装饰片,其中,在上述基材片与上述第一表面保护层之间,与上述第一表面保护层邻接地具有第二表面保护层,
上述第二表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为100MPa以上240MPa以下,并且上述第二表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度小于上述第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度。
8.如上述项7所述的装饰片,其中,上述第二表面保护层的厚度为5μm以上15μm以下。
9.如上述项1~8中任一项所述的装饰片,其用作地板用装饰板的材料。
10.一种装饰板,其由在厚度方向上依次至少具有装饰板基材和上述项1~9中任一项所述的装饰片的叠层体构成。
11.如上述项10所述的装饰板,其中,上述装饰板基材为选自中密度木质纤维板、高密度木质纤维板、刨花板、针叶树胶合板、阔叶树胶合板、速成树胶合板、软木片、含软木复合基材和热塑性树脂板中的至少一种。
12.一种表面保护层形成用涂敷剂,其用于形成构成装饰片的表面保护层,该表面保护层形成用涂敷剂的特征在于:
含有包含树脂A和树脂B这两种脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的电离辐射固化型树脂,上述树脂A为具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,上述树脂B为不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯。
13.如上述项12所述的表面保护层形成用涂敷剂,其用于形成构成上述项1~9中任一项所述的装饰片的第一表面保护层。
发明效果
本发明的装饰片是由在厚度方向上依次至少具有基材片和第一表面保护层的叠层体构成的装饰片,该装饰片的特征在于:
(1)上述第一表面保护层含有包含树脂A和树脂B这两种脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的电离辐射固化型树脂,上述树脂A为具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,上述树脂B为不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯;
(2)上述第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为160MPa以上240MPa以下。
通过具有该特征,本发明的装饰片的表面保护层的耐污染性、耐碱性等长期优异,并且在施加冲击时或加工时能够抑制裂缝或裂纹的产生。
附图说明
图1是示意地表示本发明的装饰片的一个例子的截面图。图1-1表示表面保护层为一层结构的方式(只有第一表面保护层),图1-2表示表面保护层为二层结构的方式(第一表面保护层和第二表面保护层)。
图2是示意地表示本发明的装饰板的构成材料的一个例子的截面图。
图3是对本说明书中的用于测定纳米压痕硬度的伯克维奇(Berkovich)压头(a)、负荷的方向与压入深度h的关系(b)以及压入深度与压入负荷的关系(c)进行说明的示意图。
具体实施方式
1.装饰片
本发明的装饰片由在厚度方向上依次至少具有基材片和第一表面保护层的叠层体构成,该装饰片的特征在于:
(1)上述第一表面保护层含有包含树脂A和树脂B这两种脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的电离辐射固化型树脂,上述树脂A为具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,上述树脂B为不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯;
(2)上述第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为160MPa以上240MPa以下。
通过具有该特征,本发明的装饰片的表面保护层的耐污染性、耐碱性等长期优异,并且在施加冲击时或加工时能够抑制裂缝或裂纹的产生。
本发明的装饰片由在厚度方向上依次至少具有基材片和第一表面保护层的叠层体构成,只要能够满足规定的第一表面保护层的条件,对其具体的结构(层结构)没有限定。
在具体的实施方式中,例如可以列举在基材片上依次叠层图案花纹层、透明性粘接剂层、透明性树脂层、底涂层和第一表面保护层而成的装饰片(图1-1的装饰片1的方式)。另外,例如可以列举在基材片上依次叠层图案花纹层、透明性粘接剂层、透明性树脂层、底涂层、第二表面保护层和第一表面保护层而成的装饰片(图1-2的装饰片1的方式)。这样,表面保护层可以为第一表面保护层的一层结构或包含第一表面保护层的多层结构中的任意种,在任意的方式中,装饰片的最表层均为第一表面保护层。另外,为了提高与装饰板基材的粘接性,根据需要,可以如图1所示地在装饰片的背面设置背面底涂层。以下,也可以将第一表面保护层的一层结构、第一表面保护层和第二表面保护层的二层结构统称为“表面保护层”。
在本说明书中,将从基材片观看时叠层表面保护层的方向称为“上”或“正面”,将从基材片观看时叠层背面底涂层的方向称为“下”或“背面”。装饰片或装饰板的“正面(侧)的面”或“表面保护层(侧)的面”是指装饰片或装饰板在施工后能够辨认的面。另外,以下,在说“表面保护层的侧”时,也略记而称为“表面保护层侧”。
以下,参照附图对装饰片进行说明。
图1是表示本发明的装饰片的一个例子的截面图。图1-1所示的装饰片1在基材片2上叠层有图案花纹层3、透明性粘接剂层4、透明性树脂层5、底涂层6和第一表面保护层7,从表面保护层侧形成有压纹凹凸花纹。另外,图1-2所示的装饰片1在基材片2上叠层有图案花纹层3、透明性粘接剂层4、透明性树脂层5、底涂层6、第二表面保护层和7-2和第一表面保护层7-1,从表面保护层侧形成有压纹凹凸花纹。在图1-1和图1-2的任意方式中,在基材片2的背面均叠层有背面底涂层8。另外,如图1-1的a、图1-2的a、b所示,本发明的装饰片中的第一表面保护层、第二表面保护层的厚度是指没有形成压纹凹凸花纹的部位的测定值。
以下,对构成本发明的装饰片的各层进行具体说明。其中,在以下的记载中,“~”所示的数值范围的下限上限是指“以上以下”(例如,若是α~β,则为α以上β以下)。
基材片
基材片在其表面(正面)依次叠层表面保护层等。基材片的材质没有限定,优选含有非卤素系热塑性树脂。
作为上述非卤素系热塑性树脂,可以列举:低密度聚乙烯(包括线状低密度聚乙烯)、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、乙烯-α烯烃共聚物、均聚丙烯、聚甲基戊烯、聚丁烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、丙烯-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物皂化物或它们的混合物等烯烃系热塑性树脂;聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚亚乙基萘二甲酸酯-间苯二甲酸酯共聚物、聚碳酸酯、聚芳酯等热塑性酯系树脂;聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、聚丙烯酸乙酯、聚丙烯酸丁酯等丙烯酸系热塑性树脂;尼龙-6、尼龙-66等聚酰胺系热塑性树脂;或者聚酰亚胺;聚氨酯;聚苯乙烯;丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂等。另外,这些非卤素系热塑性树脂可以单独使用,也可以将2种以上混合使用。其中,从图案花纹层的印刷适应性和压纹加工适应性优异、廉价的方面考虑,优选烯烃系热塑性树脂。
基材片可以被着色。该情况下,对于上述那样的非卤素系热塑性树脂,能够添加着色材料(颜料或染料)进行着色。作为着色材料,例如二氧化钛、炭黑、氧化铁等无机颜料、酞菁蓝等有机颜料,除此以外,还可以使用各种染料。这些可以从公知或市售的着色材料中选择1种或2种以上。另外,着色材料的添加量只要根据所希望的色调等适当设定即可。
根据需要,基材片中可以含有填充剂、消光剂、发泡剂、阻燃剂、润滑剂、抗静电剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂等各种添加剂。
基材片的厚度优选为40~100μm。基材片的厚度小于40μm时,在装饰板基材具有凹凸形状的情况下,有时无法充分抑制该凹凸向装饰板表面显露。另外,基材片的厚度超过100μm时,在将装饰片以筒状态保存时会产生卷绕折印,因而可能导致辊层压变得困难。基材片的厚度更优选为60~80μm。基材片可以由单层或多层任意构成。
关于基材片,为了提高形成图案花纹层的油墨的密合性,可以对表面(正面)实施电晕放电处理。电晕放电处理只要根据公知的方法和条件实施即可。另外,根据需要,也可以对基材片的背面实施电晕放电处理,或者形成后述的合成树脂制衬垫(backer)层和/或背面底涂层。
图案花纹层
图案花纹层是对装饰片赋予所希望的图案(外观设计)的任意层,图案的种类等没有限定。例如,可以列举木纹花纹、皮纹花纹、石纹花纹、砂纹花纹、贴砖花纹、砌砖花纹、布纹花纹、几何学图形、文字、记号、抽象花纹等。
图案花纹层的形成方法没有特别限定,例如只要将公知的着色剂(染料或颜料)与粘结材料树脂一起溶解(或分散)在溶剂(或分散介质)中,得到油墨,利用使用该油墨的印刷法,在基材片表面形成即可。作为油墨,从降低装饰片的VOC的观点考虑,也可以使用水性组合物。
作为着色剂,例如可以列举炭黑、钛白、锌白、铁红、普鲁士蓝、镉红等无机颜料;偶氮颜料、色淀颜料、蒽醌颜料、喹吖啶酮颜料、酞菁颜料、异吲哚啉酮颜料、二噁嗪颜料等有机颜料;铝粉、青铜粉等金属粉颜料;包覆氧化钛的云母、氯氧化铋等珠光颜料;荧光颜料;夜光颜料等。这些着色剂可以单独使用或者将2种以上混合使用。这些着色剂也可以与二氧化硅等填料、有机珠等体质颜料、中和剂、表面活性剂等一起使用。
作为粘结材料树脂,除了进行亲水性处理后的聚酯系聚氨酯树脂以外,也可以并用聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚丁二烯、聚氯乙烯、氯化聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、松香衍生物、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物的醇加成物、纤维素系树脂等。更具体而言,例如也可以使用聚丙烯酰胺系树脂、聚(甲基)丙烯酸系树脂、聚环氧乙烷系树脂、聚N-乙烯吡咯烷酮系树脂、水溶性聚酯系树脂、水溶性聚酰胺系树脂、水溶性氨基系树脂、水溶性酚醛系树脂、其它的水溶性合成树脂;多核苷酸、多肽、多糖类等水溶性天然高分子等。另外,例如还可以使用天然橡胶、合成橡胶、聚乙酸乙烯酯系树脂、(甲基)丙烯酸系树脂、聚氯乙烯系树脂、聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸系树脂等改性而得到的树脂或者上述天然橡胶等的混合物、其它的树脂。上述粘结材料树脂可以单独使用或者将2种以上组合使用。
作为溶剂(或分散介质),例如可以列举己烷、庚烷、辛烷、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、环己烷、甲基环己烷等石油系有机溶剂;乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸-2-甲氧基乙酯、乙酸-2-乙氧基乙酯等酯系有机溶剂;甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、异丁醇、乙二醇、丙二醇等醇系有机溶剂;丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮等酮系有机溶剂;二乙醚、二噁烷、四氢呋喃等醚系有机溶剂;二氯甲烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯等氯系有机溶剂;水等无机溶剂等。这些溶剂(或分散介质)可以单独使用或者将2种以上混合使用。
作为用于形成图案花纹层的印刷法,例如可以列举凹版印刷法、胶版印刷法、网版印刷法、柔版印刷法、静电印刷法、喷墨印刷法等。另外,在形成整面全涂状的图案花纹层的情况下,例如可以列举辊涂法、刮刀涂敷法、气刀涂敷法、模涂法、唇式涂敷法、逗点涂敷法、辊舐涂敷法、流涂法、浸涂法等各种涂敷法。此外,也可以使用手绘法、墨染法、照片法、转印法、激光束描绘法、电子束描绘法、金属等的部分蒸镀法、蚀刻法等,或者与其它的形成方法组合使用。
图案花纹层的厚度没有特别限定,可以根据制品特性适当设定,层厚为0.1~15μm左右。
透明性粘接剂层
为了提高图案花纹层与后述的透明性树脂层或表面保护层的密合性,可以在图案花纹层上形成透明性粘接剂层。透明性粘接剂层只要是透明性的,就没有特别限定,无色透明、着色透明、半透明等都可以。
作为粘接剂,没有特别限定,可以使用装饰片领域所公知的粘接剂。作为装饰片领域所公知的粘接剂,例如可以列举聚酰胺树脂、丙烯酸树脂、乙酸乙烯酯树脂等热塑性树脂、聚氨酯系树脂等热固化性树脂等。这些粘接剂可以单独使用1种或者将2种以上组合使用。另外,也可以适用以异氰酸酯为固化剂的双液固化型聚氨酯树脂或聚酯树脂。
透明性粘接剂层的厚度没有特别限定,厚度为0.1~30μm左右,优选为1~20μm左右。
透明性树脂层
透明性树脂层是可以任意设置的层,只要是透明性,就没有特别限定,无色透明、着色透明、半透明等都可以。上述透明性树脂层的材质没有限定,优选含有非卤素系热塑性树脂。
作为上述非卤素系热塑性树脂,可以列举:低密度聚乙烯(包括线状低密度聚乙烯)、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、乙烯-α烯烃共聚物、均聚丙烯、聚甲基戊烯、聚丁烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、丙烯-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物皂化物或它们的混合物等烯烃系热塑性树脂;聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚亚乙基萘二甲酸酯-间苯二甲酸酯共聚物、聚碳酸酯、聚芳酯等热塑性酯系树脂;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯、聚丙烯酸乙酯、聚丙烯酸丁酯等丙烯酸系热塑性树脂;尼龙-6、尼龙-66等聚酰胺系热塑性树脂;或者聚酰亚胺;聚氨酯;聚苯乙烯;丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂等。另外,这些非卤素系热塑性树脂可以单独使用,也可以将2种以上混合使用。其中,从压纹加工适应性优异、廉价的方面考虑,优选烯烃系热塑性树脂。
其中,透明性树脂层只要具有透明性,也可以被着色。
另外,透明性树脂层只要具有透明性,根据需要也可以含有阻燃剂、润滑剂、抗静电剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定化剂等各种添加剂。
透明性树脂层的厚度没有限定,优选为40μm以上300μm以下,其中,更优选为60μm以上200μm以下,最优选为60μm以上100μm以下。通过将透明性树脂层的厚度设定为上述范围,能够形成深的压纹,并且容易获得抑制伤痕的产生和图案花纹层因磨损导致的削减(图案消失)的效果。
底涂层
在透明性树脂层之上可以设置表面保护层用的底涂层。该底涂层除了提高透明性树脂层与后述的表面保护层的密合性的作用以外,通过与表面保护层的组合,还能够提高装饰片的弯折加工性和耐伤性。底涂层只要是透明性的,就没有特别限定,无色透明、着色透明、半透明等都可以。
底涂层可以通过将公知的底涂剂涂布于透明性树脂层的表面而形成。作为底涂剂,例如可以列举包含丙烯酸改性聚氨酯树脂(丙烯酸聚氨酯系共聚物树脂)、聚碳酸酯系丙烯酸聚氨酯共聚物树脂等的聚氨酯树脂系底涂剂、包含聚氨酯-纤维素系树脂(例如向聚氨酯与硝化棉的混合物中添加六亚甲基二异氰酸酯而成的树脂)的底涂剂、包含丙烯酸与聚氨酯的嵌段共聚物的树脂系底涂剂等。这些之中,从耐伤性和耐候性的观点考虑,适合使用包含聚碳酸酯系丙烯酸聚氨酯共聚物树脂的聚氨酯树脂系底涂剂。
根据需要,也可以在底涂剂中配合添加剂。作为添加剂,例如可以列举紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂等耐候剂;二氧化硅、碳酸钙、粘土等填料;氢氧化镁等阻燃剂;抗氧化剂;润滑剂;发泡剂等。添加剂的配合量可以根据制品特性适当设定。
在上述的添加剂之中,作为紫外线吸收剂,例如可以列举二苯甲酮系紫外线吸收剂、苯并三唑系紫外线吸收剂、三嗪系紫外线吸收剂等。作为光稳定剂,例如受阻胺系光稳定剂(HALS)是合适的。这些耐候剂的含量没有限定,对于紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂,各为1000~100000重量ppm左右即可。特别是在本发明中,优选使用三嗪系紫外线吸收剂和/或受阻胺系光稳定剂。
底涂层的厚度没有限定,优选为0.5μm以上12μm以下,更优选为1μm以上8μm以下。通过设定在这样的范围内,并且通过与后述的表面保护层组合,容易提高装饰片的弯折加工性和耐伤性。另外,容易含有耐候剂等添加剂,也容易对本发明的装饰片赋予耐候性。
表面保护层
本发明的装饰片在最表层形成有第一表面保护层。表面保护层只要以第一表面保护层为装饰片的最表层,可以如图1-1所示为第一表面保护层的一层结构,也可以如图1-2所示为包含第一表面保护层的多层结构(特别是第一表面保护层和第二表面保护层的二层结构)。为多层结构(特别是第一表面保护层和第二表面保护层)时,详细情况后面叙述,通过邻接地设置硬度比第一表面保护层小的(相对柔软)第二表面保护层,能够进一步抑制表面保护层在施加冲击时或加工时产生裂缝或裂纹,特别能够提高高负荷条件下的耐伤性。其中,表面保护层只要是透明性的,就没有特别限定,无色透明、着色透明、半透明等都可以。
第一表面保护层的特征在于,满足:
(1)含有包含树脂A和树脂B这两种脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的电离辐射固化型树脂,上述树脂A为具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,上述树脂B为不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯;
(2)纳米压痕硬度为160MPa以上240MPa以下。
另外,在设置第二表面保护层的情况下,优选第二表面保护层与上述第一表面保护层相比,硬度相对小,例如能够适合使用纳米压痕硬度为100MPa以上240MPa以下且纳米压痕硬度小于上述第一表面保护层的第二表面保护层。
本发明的装饰片通过第一表面保护层满足上述条件,第一表面保护层的耐污染性、耐碱性等长期优异,并且在施加冲击时或加工时能够抑制裂缝或裂纹的产生。另外,通过将第二表面保护层邻接地设置于第一表面保护层的下侧,能够进一步抑制表面保护层在施加冲击时或加工时产生裂缝或裂纹,特别能够提高高负荷条件下的耐伤性。
第一表面保护层所含的树脂成分含有电离辐射固化型树脂,在本发明中,详细而言,含有树脂A和树脂B这两种的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯。
树脂A为具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,只要满足该条件,就没有限定,例如优选由二异氰酸酯的三聚体形成的具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯。具体可以列举六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(特别是1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯)的三聚体、甲苯二异氰酸酯的三聚体、间二甲苯二异氰酸酯的三聚体等。其中,从具有苯环的方面考虑,甲苯二异氰酸酯和间二甲苯二异氰酸酯有耐候性比六亚甲基二异氰酸酯差的可能性,因此优选这些二异氰酸酯被氢化。这些树脂A具有提高第一表面保护层的耐污染性、耐碱性等的效果。
树脂B为不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,只要满足该条件,就没有限定,例如优选具有异佛尔酮和环己烷中的至少一种作为该脂环骨架。具体可以列举在作为以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和丁二醇为单体的聚合物的聚氨酯低聚物的末端加成丙烯酸酯而成的树脂、氢化二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(氢化MDI)的PG改性二丙烯酸酯等。这些树脂B具有对第一表面保护层赋予柔软性的效果,通过与树脂A的组合,能够对第一表面保护层赋予长期优异的耐污染性、耐碱性等以及抑制在施加冲击时或加工时产生裂缝或裂纹的效果。
第一表面保护层所含的树脂成分可以实质上全部由电离辐射固化型树脂构成,该电离辐射固化型树脂只要实质上由树脂A和树脂B这两种脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯构成即可。其中,电离辐射固化型树脂如树脂A、树脂B那样,是以分子中含有能够通过照射紫外线、电子射线等电离辐射线而发生聚合交联反应的自由基聚合性双键的预聚物(包括低聚物)和/或单体为主要成分的透明性树脂,固化反应通常为交联固化反应。作为用于使电离辐射固化型树脂固化的电离辐射线,可以使用具有能够使电离辐射固化型树脂(组合物)中的分子发生固化反应的能量的电磁波或带电粒子。通常,使用紫外线或电子射线即可,也可以使用可见光、X射线、离子射线等。另外,在本发明中,在电离辐射固化型树脂之中,从不含光聚合引发剂的方面、原料树脂的性质能够直接反映到第一表面保护层的性质的方面以及在并用耐候剂时扩大选择范围的方面考虑,优选使用电子射线固化型树脂。
电离辐射固化型树脂中的树脂A、树脂B的含有比例没有限定,将树脂A和树脂B的合计量设为100质量%时,优选树脂A为10~50质量%、树脂B为50~90质量%的范围,更优选树脂A为20~40质量%、树脂B为60~80质量%的范围。另外,本发明的装饰片要求第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为160MPa以上240MPa以下(优选为180MPa以上220MPa以下),但只要是上述例示的树脂A、树脂B的含有比例,就容易获得这样的第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度。另外,通过调整树脂A和树脂B的含有比例,以及适当调整作为电离辐射线的紫外线、电子射线等的照射条件(强度、时间等)等,能够调整第一表面保护层的硬度。
另外,在本发明中,表面保护层(第一表面保护层和第二表面保护层)的硬度由使用表面覆膜物性试验机TriboIndenter(注册商标)“TI-950”(HYSITRON公司制造)测得的纳米压痕硬度(HIT)表示,测定方法如下所述。
(1)使用图3(a)所示的伯克维奇压头,如图3(b)所示,在后述的压入条件下将伯克维奇压头压入测定试样,根据表面所形成的三角锥型的几何学形状,计算“利用装置标准的方法修正而得到的接触投影面积(Ap)(mm2)”,将最大试验负荷(Fmax)除以上述Ap,由此求出硬度。
即,HIT=Fmax/Ap。
(2)其中,关于压入条件,在室温(实验室环境温度)下,如图3(c)所示,首先以10秒施加0~100μN的负荷(即10μN/s),接着以100μN(Fmax)的负荷保持5秒,最后以10秒进行100~0μN的卸除负荷。
Ap利用24.50〔hmax-ε(hmax-hr)〕2算出(其中,ε为因压头的几何学形状而产生的修正系数,hr为卸除负荷后残留于表面的三角锥型的几何学形状的深度。)。
(3)另外,在测定硬度时,为了避免作为测定试样的层以外的层的硬度的影响,对表面保护层的截面的硬度进行测定。即,利用树脂(冷固化型的环氧双液固化树脂)包埋装饰片,室温下放置24小时以上使其固化之后,对固化后的包埋样品进行机械研磨,露出表面保护层的截面,将上述伯克维奇压头压入表面保护层的截面(层中包含无机填料等微粒时,避开该微粒的位置),由此测定表面保护层的截面的硬度。
在设置第二表面保护层的情况下,第二表面保护层优选硬度比上述第一表面保护层相对小。构成第二表面保护层的树脂成分没有特别限定,例如优选只由前述的树脂B构成,或者由树脂B和树脂C(不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架和脂环骨架的季戊四醇系多官能丙烯酸酯)的混合物构成。作为树脂C,具体可以列举季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯等。这样,通过含有树脂B,第二表面保护层也能够通过照射电离辐射线而固化,因此能够与第一表面保护层一起同时固化而形成。
形成第二表面保护层的树脂成分中的树脂B、树脂C的含有比例没有限定,将树脂B和树脂C的合计量设为100质量%时,优选树脂B为70~100质量%、树脂C为0~30质量%的范围,更优选树脂B为80~90质量%、树脂C为10~20质量%的范围。另外,本发明的装饰片优选第二表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为比第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度相对小的范围且为100MPa以上240MPa以下(优选为140MPa以上215MPa以下),但只要是上述例示的树脂B、树脂C的含有比例,就容易获得这样的第二表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度。另外,通过适当调整作为电离辐射线的紫外线、电子射线等的照射条件(强度、时间等)等,也能够调整第二表面保护层的硬度。
为了提高耐候性,优选向表面保护层中添加苯并三唑系、二苯甲酮系、水杨酸酯系、三嗪系等紫外线吸收剂。
另外,在照射紫外线使树脂层固化时,作为光聚合引发剂,可以使用苯乙酮类、二苯甲酮类、米氏苯甲酰苯甲酸酯(Michler's benzoyl benzoate)、α-氨基肟酯、一硫化四甲基秋兰姆、噻吨酮类、芳香族重氮鎓盐、芳香族锍盐、茂金属等,作为光聚合促进剂(敏化剂),可以使用正丁胺、三乙胺、三正丁基膦等。
另外,为了赋予抗菌性,可以向表面保护层中添加抗菌剂。作为抗菌剂,有无机系抗菌剂和有机系抗菌剂。特别是无机系抗菌剂,与有机系抗菌剂相比,通常安全性高,耐久性和耐热性也优异,因而优选。无机系抗菌剂是将以银为代表的铜、锌等抗菌性金属载持于各种无机物载体而得到的抗菌剂。抗菌剂的添加量相对于树脂成分100质量份优选为0.1~10质量份。
另外,也可以向表面保护层中加入染料、颜料等着色剂、无机填料等填充剂、消泡剂、流平剂、触变性赋予剂、阻燃剂等各种添加剂。另外,在多数情况下,无机填料主要作为消光剂使用,但通过在表面保护层中含有无机填料,也能够期待抑制表面保护层的固化收缩的效果。因此,在本发明中,优选对无机填料进行表面处理(疏水化处理)。
作为无机填料,例如可以列举二氧化硅、氧化铝、碳化硅、二氧化硅、钛酸钙、钛酸钡、焦硼酸镁、氧化锌、氮化硅、氧化锆、氧化铬、氧化铁、氮化硼、金刚石、金刚砂、玻璃纤维等。
对无机填料进行表面处理(疏水化处理)的方法没有特别限定,可以利用公知的方法进行。例如可以列举:利用硅油系处理剂对无机填料进行疏水化处理的方法;利用烷基硅氮烷系处理剂、三甲基硅烷化剂和/或烷氧基硅烷对无机填料进行处理之后,利用上述的硅油系处理剂对无机填料进行疏水化处理的方法;利用硅油系处理剂对无机填料进行疏水化处理之后,再利用三甲基硅烷化剂或烷基硅氮烷系处理剂进行处理的方法;利用烷氧基硅烷对无机填料进行疏水化处理的方法;利用烷氧基硅烷对无机填料进行处理之后,再利用硅油系处理剂或硅油系处理剂及烷氧基硅烷进行处理的方法;利用二聚二醇硅氧烷和/或三甲基硅烷醇或者环状硅氧烷对无机填料进行处理的方法等。另外,不仅是上述的疏水化处理方法,也可以列举利用硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯系偶联剂、铝酸酯系偶联剂等各种偶联剂;磷酸系、脂肪酸系等表面活性剂;油脂、硬脂酸等进行处理的方法作为疏水化处理的方法。以下,也将用于对未处理的无机填料进行疏水化处理的上述的各制品(例如硅油系处理剂等处理剂、硅烷偶联剂、表面活性剂等全部)统称为疏水化处理剂。
作为利用疏水化处理剂对无机填料进行疏水化处理的方法,没有特别限定,可以利用公知的方法进行。例如可以列举:向未处理的无机填料中添加(例如喷雾)疏水化处理剂的原液或用水或有机溶剂稀释疏水化处理剂而得到的溶液的方法(干式处理法);在疏水化处理剂的原液、含有疏水化处理剂的水溶液或含有疏水化处理剂的有机溶剂中对未处理的无机填料进行处理(例如浸渍),之后使其干燥的方法(湿式处理法)等。利用这样的处理,会发生:无机填料表面的一部分或全部(a)被疏水化处理剂覆盖;或者(b)吸附疏水化处理剂;或者(c)被疏水化处理剂覆盖并且吸附(成为(a)和(b)的组合)等。作为其结果,能够得到疏水化处理后的无机填料。其中,疏水化处理剂可以单独使用1种或者将2种以上组合使用。
就表面保护层而言,例如,利用凹版涂布、辊涂等公知的涂布法在底涂层上涂布含有上述特定的电离辐射固化型树脂的涂敷剂后,使树脂固化,由此能够形成表面保护层。其中,在形成第二表面保护层的情况下,例如在底涂层上形成第二表面保护层后,接着能够形成第一表面保护层,除此以外,也可以将用于形成各表面保护层的涂膜叠层之后,同时照射电离辐射线,由此使各涂膜固化,形成各表面保护层。
第一表面保护层的厚度没有限定,优选为3μm以上30μm以下,更优选为10μm以上15μm以下。通过设定为这样的范围内,并且通过与前述的底涂层的组合,容易对本发明的装饰片赋予弯折加工性和耐伤性。
第二表面保护层的厚度没有限定,但优选为5μm以上15μm以下,更优选为10μm以上12μm以下。通过设定为这样的范围内,并且通过与第一表面保护层的组合,能够进一步抑制表面保护层在施加冲击时或加工时产生裂缝或裂纹,特别容易提高高负荷条件下的耐伤性。
在形成第二表面保护层的情况下,优选在将形成第二表面保护层的树脂组合物涂布于例如底涂层上的阶段,其涂膜不粘(低粘接性)。只要不粘,即使不进行利用电离辐射线照射、高温烘烤等的半固化处理,而在形成第一表面保护层前,卷绕成筒状而暂时保管,也能够降低与其它层粘连(转印)的危险。另外,只要不粘,就能够顺利地进行叠层第一表面保护层的工序。为了使第二表面保护层在涂布时成为不粘,除了适当调整形成第二表面保护层的树脂成分的重均分子量以外,通过添加无机填料也能够实现。
压纹加工
就压纹加工而言,是为了对装饰片赋予木纹花纹等所希望的纹理而进行压纹加工,可以从透明性树脂层上和/或表面保护层上实施压纹加工。例如在使表面保护层加热软化后,利用具有所希望的形状的凹凸花纹的压纹板进行加压和赋型,再进行冷却固定,由此赋予纹理。压纹加工可以利用公知的单片式或轮转式压纹机进行。
作为压纹加工的凹凸花纹,例如可以列举木纹导管槽、浮雕花纹(浮出的年轮的凹凸花纹)、发纹、砂纹、梨皮纹等。
在实施压纹加工时,根据需要,可以利用擦涂加工将油墨填充于压纹凹部。例如,一边利用刮刀刮擦表面,一边将油墨填充于压纹凹部。作为所填充的油墨(擦涂油墨),通常可以使用以双液固化型的聚氨酯树脂为粘合剂的油墨。特别而言,通过对木纹导管槽凹凸进行擦涂加工,呈现与实际的木纹更相近的外观设计,由此能够提高商品价值。
背面底涂层
根据需要,可以在基材片的背面设置背面底涂层。例如,在将基材片与装饰板基材粘接而制作装饰板时是有效果的。
背面底涂层可以通过将公知的底涂剂涂布于基材片而形成。作为底涂剂,例如可以列举包含丙烯酸改性聚氨酯树脂(丙烯酸聚氨酯系共聚物树脂)、聚碳酸酯系丙烯酸聚氨酯共聚物树脂等的聚氨酯树脂系底涂剂、包含聚氨酯-纤维素系树脂(例如向聚氨酯与硝化棉的混合物中添加六亚甲基二异氰酸酯而成的树脂)的底涂剂、包含丙烯酸和聚氨酯的嵌段共聚物的树脂系底涂剂等。
根据需要,可以在底涂剂中配合添加剂。作为添加剂,例如可以列举碳酸钙、粘土等填充剂、氢氧化镁等阻燃剂、抗氧化剂、润滑剂、发泡剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂等。添加剂的配合量可以根据制品特性适当设定。
背面底涂层的厚度没有特别限定,通常为0.01~10μm,优选为0.1~1μm左右。
合成树脂制衬垫层
根据需要,可以在基材片的背面设置合成树脂制衬垫层。通过具有合成树脂制衬垫层,更进一步提高装饰片的耐冲击性。其中,在也设置前述的背面底涂层的情况下,从基材片侧开始,按照合成树脂制衬垫层和背面底涂层的顺序设置于基材片的背面。
作为构成合成树脂制衬垫层的树脂,例如可以列举聚丙烯、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、聚亚甲基、聚甲基戊烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、耐热性高的聚亚烷基对苯二甲酸酯〔例如用1,4-环己烷二甲醇或二乙二醇等取代乙二醇的一部分而得到的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,所谓的商品名PET-G(Eastman Chemical Company制造)〕、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚亚乙基萘二甲酸酯-间苯二甲酸酯共聚物、聚碳酸酯、聚芳酯、聚酰亚胺、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、ABS等。这些树脂可以单独使用或使用2种以上。
合成树脂制衬垫层的厚度优选为0.1~0.6mm,更优选为0.15~0.45mm,进一步优选为0.20~0.40mm。通过合成树脂制衬垫层的厚度的下限为上述范围,能够更进一步提高装饰片的耐冲击性。另外,通过合成树脂制衬垫层的厚度的上限为上述范围,能够更进一步抑制装饰片的翘曲。
从对装饰材料赋予良好的耐冲击性的观点考虑,合成树脂制衬垫层的纳米压痕硬度优选为60MPa以上300MPa以下,更优选为130MPa以上250MPa以下。合成树脂制衬垫层的纳米压痕硬度的测定方法与上述表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度的测定方法相同。另外,通过调整构成合成树脂制衬垫层的树脂的种类、或者在含有两种以上的树脂时调整其含有比例,能够调整合成树脂制衬垫层的纳米压痕硬度。
装饰片各层所含的各种添加剂的囊泡化
关于添加于本发明的装饰片的上述各层中的各种添加剂(添加于底涂层或表面保护层的无机填料等),优选使该各种添加剂囊泡化。作为使各种添加剂囊泡化的方法,没有特别限定,可以利用公知的方法进行囊泡化,其中优选超临界逆相蒸发法。
以下,对超临界逆相蒸发法进行详细说明。超临界逆相蒸发法是如下的方法:使形成囊泡的外膜的物质均匀地溶解在超临界状态或超临界点以上的温度或压力条件下的二氧化碳中,向所得到的混合物中加入包含作为水溶性或亲水性的封入物质的各种添加剂的水相,形成利用一层的膜包含作为封入物质的各种添加剂的胶囊状的囊泡。其中,超临界状态的二氧化碳是指处于临界温度(30.98℃)和临界压力(7.3773±0.0030MPa)以上的超临界状态的二氧化碳,临界点以上的温度或压力条件下的二氧化碳是指只有临界温度或只有临界压力超过临界条件的条件下的二氧化碳。利用该方法,能够得到直径50~800nm的单层层状囊泡。通常,囊泡是在具有封闭成球壳状的膜结构的小胞的内部包含液相的状态的总称,特别而言,将外膜由磷脂等生物体脂质构成的囊泡称为脂质体。
作为上述磷脂,可以列举磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酸、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇、心磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂、氢化蛋黄卵磷脂、大豆卵磷脂、氢化大豆卵磷脂等甘油磷脂、鞘磷脂、磷酸乙醇胺神经酰胺、磷酸甘油神经酰胺等鞘磷脂。
作为构成外膜的物质,还可以使用非离子系表面活性剂、其与胆固醇类或三酰基甘油的混合物等分散剂。
作为上述非离子系表面活性剂,可以使用聚甘油醚、二烷基甘油、聚氧亚乙基固化蓖麻油、聚氧亚乙基烷基醚、聚氧亚乙基山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧化乙烯聚氧化丙烯共聚物、聚丁二烯-聚氧化乙烯共聚物、聚丁二烯-聚2-乙烯基吡啶、聚苯乙烯-聚丙烯酸共聚物、聚环氧乙烷-聚乙基乙烯共聚物(polyethylene oxide-polyethyl ethylene copolymers)、聚氧化乙烯-聚己内酰胺共聚物等中的1种或2种以上。
作为上述胆固醇类,可以使用胆固醇、α-胆甾烷醇、β-胆甾烷醇、胆甾烷、链甾醇(5,24-胆甾二烯-3β-醇)、胆酸钠、胆钙化醇等中的1种或2种以上。
上述脂质体的外膜可以由磷脂和分散剂的混合物形成。在本发明的装饰片中,通过制成由磷脂形成外膜而成的脂质体,能够使作为各层的主要成分的树脂组合物与各种添加剂的相容性变得良好。
2.装饰板
本发明的装饰板由在厚度方向上依次具有装饰板基材和前述的本发明的装饰片的叠层体构成。
图2表示在装饰板基材9上依次叠层本发明的装饰片1(使与表面保护层侧相反的面和装饰板基材9贴合)而成的装饰板10的一个例子。
作为装饰板基材,没有限定,例如可以列举中密度木质纤维板、高密度木质纤维板、刨花板、针叶树胶合板、阔叶树胶合板、速成树胶合板、软木片、含软木复合基材、热塑性树脂板(以聚氯乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、聚乙烯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、ABS树脂等为主要成分的树脂板或使它们发泡而成的树脂板)等中的至少一种。这些装饰板基材可以单独使用或者通过将2种以上组合、叠层而使用。
其中,作为针叶树,例如可以列举冷杉、落叶松、虾夷松、杉树、柏树、松树、红杉、云杉等。作为阔叶树,例如可以列举柳安、椴树、桦树、刺楸、山毛榉、橡树、梅兰蒂木(Meranti)等。另外,作为速成树,可以列举杨树、南洋楹、刺槐、卡美里里(Kamerere)、桉树、榄仁树(Terminalia)等。
使用针叶树胶合板、阔叶树胶合板、速成树胶合板等木质胶合板时的木质单板的叠层数(层数)没有限定,通常优选为3~7片,更优选为5~7片。另外,制作木质胶合板时所使用的粘接剂也没有限定,可以广泛使用公知的木工用粘接剂。作为粘接剂,例如可以列举以聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、离聚物、丁二烯-丙烯腈橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶、天然橡胶等为有效成分的粘接剂。另外,作为热固化型粘接剂,还可以列举三聚氰胺系、酚醛系、尿素系(乙酸乙烯酯-尿素系等)等粘接剂。
作为上述软木片,不仅是作为将栎树的树皮的软木组织剥离和加工而得到的富有弹性的原材料的所谓的天然软木,与软木类似而制作的所谓的合成软木都可以使用。另外,软木片可以为单层,也可以为弹性模量、密度不同的多层软木片的叠层体。
作为上述含软木复合基材,可以列举将软木片与其它的材质(例如中密度木质纤维板、高密度木质纤维板)叠层、贴合而成的复合材等。
装饰板基材的厚度没有限定,优选为2~15mm左右,更优选为2~12mm左右。
将装饰片和装饰板基材叠层的叠层方法没有限定,例如可以采用利用粘接剂将各自贴合的方法等。粘接剂根据被粘附材料的种类等适当地从公知的粘接剂中选择即可。例如,除了聚氨酯、丙烯酸、聚氨酯-丙烯酸、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、离聚物等以外,还可以列举丁二烯-丙烯腈橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶、天然橡胶等。这些粘接剂可以单独使用或者将2种以上组合使用。
前述的本发明的装饰片的表面保护层的耐污染性、耐碱性等长期优异,并且在施加冲击时或加工时能够抑制裂缝或裂纹的产生。因此,即使使用本发明的装饰片制作装饰材料时进行弯折加工(搭接加工),也具有耐性,从而可以将本发明的装饰片贴合在装饰板基材上,之后,从装饰板基材侧实施V字型切割加工等之后,再进行弯曲加工,适合将所得到的制品用作各种用途的装饰板。另外,所得到的装饰板由于耐污染性、耐碱性等优异,因此适合用作日常生活中所使用的液体物质和各种药品(例如染发液)容易附着的地板材料。也就是说,本发明的装饰片和装饰板适合用作地板用装饰片和地板用装饰材料。
3.表面保护层形成用涂敷剂
本发明还包括用于形成构成装饰片的表面保护层(特别是第一表面保护层)的涂敷剂的发明。具体而言,本发明的涂敷剂的特征在于:含有包含树脂A和树脂B这两种脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的电离辐射固化型树脂,上述树脂A为具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,上述树脂B为不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯。在本发明的装饰片或装饰板的制作中,适合作为在它们所包含的表面保护层的形成中所使用的涂敷剂。
本发明的涂敷剂含有树脂A和树脂B、其它表面保护层能够含有的添加剂等,通过适当地含有溶剂,进行涂敷剂的粘度调整。各成分的详细情况与前述的说明相同。
实施例
以下,例示实施例和比较例以及试验例,对本发明进行具体说明。但是,本发明并不限定于实施例所示的内容。
实施例1
作为基材片,准备60μm厚的着色聚丙烯膜,在基材片的背面形成背面底涂层(厚度2μm),利用凹版印刷在基材片的正面形成图案花纹层,使图案花纹层的厚度为2μm。使用聚氨酯系树脂在图案花纹层上形成透明性粘接剂层,使透明性粘接剂层的厚度为2μm。以挤出层压方式将透明聚丙烯系树脂的片叠层在粘接剂层上,使透明聚丙烯系树脂的片的厚度为80μm,形成透明性树脂层。
接着,对其表面实施电晕放电处理后,以厚度2μm涂布底涂剂,由此形成底涂层。
以凹版涂布方式在底涂层的正面涂布表1所示的表面保护层形成用涂敷剂(以第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度成为160MPa的方式,在电离辐射固化型树脂中混合具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B,相对于树脂成分100质量份,含有疏水化处理后的无机填料20质量份)(15μm)之后,在氧浓度200ppm以下的环境下,使用电子射线照射装置,以加速电压165KeV、5Mrad的条件照射电子射线,使电子射线固化型树脂固化,从而形成第一表面保护层。其中,树脂A为由六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三聚体形成的具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,树脂B为氢化二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(氢化MDI)的PG改性二丙烯酸酯(不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架)(下同)。
实施例2
在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合作为脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这两种树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为180MPa,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例3
在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这两种树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为215MPa,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例4
在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这两种树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为240MPa,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例5
在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这两种树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为215MPa,并以涂布量10(μm)进行涂布,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
比较例1
在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这两种树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为120MPa,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
比较例2
在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这两种树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为250MPa,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
比较例3
在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合作为直链多官能脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的不具有脂环骨架的树脂C和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这样的树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为215MPa,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。其中,树脂C为季戊四醇系多官能丙烯酸酯(不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架和脂环骨架)(下同)。
比较例4
配合作为脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和作为直链多官能脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的不具有脂环骨架的树脂C这样的树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为415MPa。然后添加囊泡处理后的无机填料,利用凹版涂布方式,以涂布量15(μm)进行涂布,使用紫外线照射装置(高压水银灯:输出160W/cm2)进行2秒照射固化,形成第一表面保护层,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例6
配合作为脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这样的树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为240MPa,利用凹版涂布方式,以涂布量15(μm)进行涂布,使用紫外线照射装置(高压水银灯:输出160W/cm2)进行2秒照射固化,形成第一表面保护层,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例7
在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这两种树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为160MPa,以涂布量30(μm)进行涂布,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例8
在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这两种树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为240MPa,以涂布量30(μm)进行涂布,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例9
作为第二表面保护层,配合作为直链多官能脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的不具有脂环骨架的树脂C和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这样的树脂,使得第二表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为140MPa(考虑与第一表面保护层的密合性,以1Mrad的条件照射电子射线,进行试制),以涂布量12(μm)进行涂布之后,在上层,作为第一表面保护层,在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这两种树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为240MPa,以涂布量15(μm)进行涂布,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例10
作为第二表面保护层,配合作为直链多官能脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的不具有脂环骨架的树脂C和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这样的树脂,使得第二表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为215MPa(考虑与第一表面保护层的密合性,以1Mrad的条件照射电子射线,进行试制),以涂布量12(μm)进行涂布之后,在上层,作为第一表面保护层,在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这两种树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为240MPa,以涂布量15(μm)进行涂布,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例11
作为第二表面保护层,配合作为直链多官能脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的不具有脂环骨架的树脂C和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这样的树脂,使得第二表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为270MPa(考虑与第一表面保护层的密合性,以1Mrad的条件照射电子射线,进行试制),以涂布量12(μm)进行涂布之后,在上层,作为第一表面保护层,在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这两种树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为240MPa,以涂布量15(μm)进行涂布,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例12
作为第二表面保护层,配合作为直链多官能脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的不具有脂环骨架的树脂C和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这样的树脂,使得第二表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为80MPa(考虑与第一表面保护层的密合性,以1Mrad的条件照射电子射线,进行试制),以涂布量12(μm)进行涂布之后,在上层,作为第一表面保护层,在电离辐射固化型树脂中配合具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的树脂A和不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的树脂B这两种树脂,使得第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度为240MPa,以涂布量15(μm)进行涂布,除此以外,与实施例1同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例13
形成第一表面保护层之后,在基材片的背面由纳米压痕硬度为130Mpa且厚度为0.25mm的聚丙烯树脂片形成合成树脂制衬垫层,最后形成背面底涂层,除此以外,与实施例6同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例14
形成第二表面保护层和第一表面保护层之后,在基材片的背面,作为衬垫层,由纳米压痕硬度为130Mpa且厚度为0.25mm的聚丙烯树脂片形成,最后形成背面底涂层,除此以外,与实施例11同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例15
形成第二表面保护层和第一表面保护层之后,在基材片的背面,作为衬垫层,由纳米压痕硬度为130Mpa且厚度为0.40mm的聚丙烯树脂片形成,最后形成背面底涂层,除此以外,与实施例11同样操作,得到装饰片。
实施例16
形成第二表面保护层和第一表面保护层之后,在基材片的背面,作为衬垫层,由纳米压痕硬度为250Mpa且厚度为0.25mm的聚丙烯树脂片形成,最后形成背面底涂层,除此以外,与实施例11同样操作,得到装饰片。
地板用装饰材料的制作
以如上所述地制作的实施例1~16和比较例1~4的装饰片的背面底涂层侧与木质基材(2.7mmMDF)接触的方式,利用水系粘接剂(BA-10L/BA-11B、中央理化工业株式会社制造、涂布量7g/尺见方)使装饰片与木质基材贴合,由此制作实施例1~16和比较例1~4的地板用装饰材料。
试验例1
对于各地板用装饰材料,考查下述的各物性。
<耐污染性>
使染发剂(Hoyu株式会社制造、Men's Bigen One Push 6A Ash Brown)以直径3cm大小附着于各地板用装饰材料的表面。在室温下放置24小时后,按照干擦拭、水擦拭、乙醇擦拭的顺序擦拭染发剂,通过目测,观察评价污染程度。
评价基准如下所述。
++:看不到污染
+:看到了轻微污染
-:看到了显著的污染
<耐碱性>
使棉布含10%氢氧化钠,利用表面皿覆盖各地板用装饰材料的表面,在室温下放置24小时后,按照干擦拭、水擦拭、乙醇擦拭的顺序进行擦拭,通过目测,观察评价白化程度。评价基准如下所述。
++:看不到白化
+:看到了轻微白化
-:看到了显著的白化
<耐冲击性(杜邦冲击)>
基于JISK5600-5-3(1999)的杜邦式冲击试验,将具有半径6.3mm的半球形状的前端的冲模静置于各地板用装饰材料上,将500g负荷的重物从高度10cm、高度50cm落在上述冲模上,由此进行评价。各实施5次评价,通过目测,确认评价装饰片的裂缝。
++:装饰片没有产生裂缝(裂缝个数:0个)
+:装饰片产生了少许裂缝(裂缝个数:1个以上~4个以内)
-:装饰片产生了裂缝(裂缝个数:5个以上)
<V字型切割加工性>
从各地板用装饰材料的背面侧,通过切削加工,设置达至MDF与水系粘接材层的界面的截面V字型的槽,将胶合板弯折成L字型,使槽闭合,从而进行试验,通过目测,观察加工部,按照以下的基准进行评价。加工时的温度为常温。
++:装饰片加工部产生了微小的裂纹,但外观上没有发生问题
-:装饰片加工部产生了裂缝,并且外观上发生了问题
<轻负荷耐伤性试验(霍夫曼刮痕试验)>
使用美国BYK-GADNER公司制造的霍夫曼刮痕试验机进行试验。具体而言,设置刮刀(φ7的圆柱形的刀),使其以45°的角度与各地板用装饰材料的表面接触,并使试验机在各地板用装饰材料上移动。缓慢提高负荷(锤),重复试验至装饰片的表面产生擦伤、压痕等。
评价基准如下所述。
++:1000g负荷以上且小于1500g负荷时,没有产生伤痕
+:500g负荷以上且小于1000g负荷时,没有产生伤痕
-:小于500g负荷时,产生了伤痕
[表1]
[表2]
[表3]
树脂A:由六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三聚体形成的具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯
树脂B:氢化二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(氢化MDI)的PG改性二丙烯酸酯(不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架)
树脂C:季戊四醇系多官能丙烯酸酯(不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架和脂环骨架)
符号说明
1.装饰片;2.基材片;3.图案花纹层;4.透明性粘接剂层;5.透明性树脂层;6.底涂层;7.表面保护层;7-1.第一表面保护层;7-2.第二表面保护层;8.背面底涂层;9.装饰板基材;10.装饰板;a.表面保护层(二层时,为第一表面保护层)的厚度;b.第二表面保护层的厚度。
Claims (10)
1.一种装饰片,由在厚度方向上依次至少具有基材片和第一表面保护层的叠层体构成,该装饰片的特征在于:
(1)所述第一表面保护层含有包含树脂A和树脂B这两种脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的电离辐射固化型树脂,所述树脂A为具有异氰脲酸酯骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,所述树脂B为不具有异氰脲酸酯骨架而具有脂环骨架的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯,
(2)所述第一表面保护层的使用HYSITRON公司制造的表面覆膜物性试验机TriboIndenter“TI-950”测得的纳米压痕硬度为160MPa以上240MPa以下,
(3)在所述基材片与所述第一表面保护层之间,与所述第一表面保护层邻接地具有第二表面保护层,
所述第二表面保护层的使用HYSITRON公司制造的表面覆膜物性试验机TriboIndenter“TI-950”测得的纳米压痕硬度为100MPa以上240MPa以下,并且,所述第二表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度小于所述第一表面保护层的纳米压痕硬度。
2.如权利要求1所述的装饰片,其特征在于:
所述脂环骨架为异佛尔酮和环己烷中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的装饰片,其特征在于:
所述电离辐射固化型树脂为电子射线固化型树脂。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的装饰片,其特征在于:
所述第一表面保护层含有无机填料。
5.如权利要求4所述的装饰片,其特征在于:
所述无机填料为进行疏水化处理后的无机填料。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的装饰片,其特征在于:
所述第一表面保护层的厚度为5μm以上30μm以下。
7.如权利要求1所述的装饰片,其特征在于:
所述第二表面保护层的厚度为5μm以上15μm以下。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的装饰片,其特征在于:
其用作地板用装饰板的材料。
9.一种装饰板,其特征在于:
由在厚度方向上依次至少具有装饰板基材和权利要求1或2所述的装饰片的叠层体构成。
10.如权利要求9所述的装饰板,其特征在于:
所述装饰板基材为选自中密度木质纤维板、高密度木质纤维板、刨花板、针叶树胶合板、阔叶树胶合板、速成树胶合板、软木片、含软木复合基材和热塑性树脂板中的至少一种。
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JP2012213913A (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-08 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 床用化粧材 |
JP2013078847A (ja) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-05-02 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 化粧シート及びこれを用いた化粧鋼板 |
CN103382371A (zh) * | 2012-05-01 | 2013-11-06 | Dic株式会社 | 保护膜及加饰保护膜 |
JP2014069505A (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-21 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 鏡面化粧シート、鏡面化粧シートの製造方法、及び鏡面化粧板 |
JP2015067777A (ja) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-13 | オリジン電気株式会社 | 耐摩耗性に優れた紫外線硬化性塗料組成物、塗膜形成方法、塗装物品 |
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JP2012213913A (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-11-08 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 床用化粧材 |
JP2013078847A (ja) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-05-02 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 化粧シート及びこれを用いた化粧鋼板 |
CN103382371A (zh) * | 2012-05-01 | 2013-11-06 | Dic株式会社 | 保护膜及加饰保护膜 |
JP2014069505A (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-21 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 鏡面化粧シート、鏡面化粧シートの製造方法、及び鏡面化粧板 |
JP2015067777A (ja) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-13 | オリジン電気株式会社 | 耐摩耗性に優れた紫外線硬化性塗料組成物、塗膜形成方法、塗装物品 |
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