CN112640745A - High-mountain dry rice planting method - Google Patents
High-mountain dry rice planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112640745A CN112640745A CN202011014789.8A CN202011014789A CN112640745A CN 112640745 A CN112640745 A CN 112640745A CN 202011014789 A CN202011014789 A CN 202011014789A CN 112640745 A CN112640745 A CN 112640745A
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- seeds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for planting upland rice in high mountains, and relates to the field of upland rice planting. The method for planting the upland rice in the mountains comprises the steps of determining planting time, treating seeds, preparing land, sowing and managing the field, wherein the seeds are pre-sunned, selected and then disinfected, so that the quality of the upland rice seeds is ensured. Through planting the upland rice in the mountain area, not only can reduce the quantity of watering, can utilize rural abandonment wasteland, accord with green food planting environment, have mud in the stone gap and all can plant, can all survive in the woods grass clump, do not divide any region, the weather all can plant, can also solve the problem of retired soldier's employment simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dry rice planting, in particular to a method for planting alpine dry rice.
Background
China is a big agricultural country, water is the essence of everything, and agriculture accounts for about 80% of the total water consumption.
In recent years, with the rapid increase of water for industrial and urban life, water resource shortage becomes a great limiting factor for the development of industry, agriculture, people's life and cities, the agriculture continuously develops the problem of reclaimed water, and the dry rice planting method utilizes water-saving agriculture to solve the problems of water shortage and land desertion and simultaneously plays a certain role in making up for the shortage of food production. The condition of the soil can be gradually improved by planting crops on the abandoned land.
Meanwhile, the development of urbanization reduces the area of arable land. The dry rice can be planted in the mountain area in a terrace mode, but the mountain area cannot use large-scale machinery, and more labor is needed. The planting of the dry rice in the mountainous area can solve the problem of employment of retired soldiers.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for planting upland rice in high mountains, which can reduce the watering amount of upland rice and solve the problem of employment of retired soldiers.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for planting upland rice in high mountains comprises the following steps:
s1 planting time determination
The dry rice can be divided into spring sowing and summer sowing, wherein the spring sowing is 4 months, and the summer sowing is late May and late June;
s2 seed treatment
2.1 seed drying: flatly paving the dry rice seeds for sunning, wherein the thickness is 1-2 cm, the time is 1-2 h, and turning is carried out every 5min to ensure that the drying degrees of the seeds are consistent;
2.2 seed selection: firstly, winnowing to remove impurities with different specific gravity from the upland rice seeds, then screening twice, firstly removing the impurities with the volume larger than that of the upland rice seeds, secondly removing the impurities with the volume smaller than that of the upland rice seeds, and finally carrying out water separation, soaking the seeds in cold water and removing floating impurities;
2.3 seed disinfection: after impurities in the water separation soaking are removed, one of the following three modes is selected for disinfection;
2.3.1 soaking and sterilizing in warm water: continuously soaking in cold water for 18-24 h, then transferring the upland rice seeds into warm water at the temperature of 40-45 ℃, soaking for 5min, then transferring the upland rice seeds into warm water at the temperature of 54 ℃, soaking for 10min, and keeping the subsequent temperature at 15 +/-3 ℃;
2.3.2 soaking seeds in lime water: after water separation is finished, adding lime water into the water, soaking for 30-60 min, and stirring for 1min every 5min to ensure that a calcium carbonate layer can be formed on the surface of the upland rice seeds;
2.3.3 soaking seeds with medicament: after water separation, soaking for 8h, then transferring the upland rice seeds into 300 times of strong chlorine liquor to soak for 4h, and finally cleaning with clear water;
s3 soil preparation
Ploughing, crushing and flattening a field, controlling the depth of ploughing to be 25-35 cm, removing stones if ploughing on a sandy land, wherein the breaking granularity is as close as the size of dry rice seeds, ditching or opening holes according to different ploughing modes, wherein the distance between every two ditches is 20-25 cm, the distance between every two holes is 12-15 cm, and the depth of the ditches and the holes is controlled to be 3-5 cm;
s4 sowing
If a ditching mode is adopted, applying one dry rice seed every 5-8 cm in the ditch, if a hole opening mode is adopted, sowing 2-3 dry rice seeds in each hole, or sowing seeds in a seed spreading mode, the mode only needs to flatten the field, after the three modes are sowed, soil covering treatment is needed, the soil covering thickness is controlled to be 2-3 cm, when the seedling has two leaves and one heart, density adjustment of the seedling is carried out, and the dense seedling is not moved to a sparse plot;
s5 field management
5.1 fertilization: when field plowing is carried out, a ternary compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 20-30 kg of the base fertilizer is applied to each mu, 5-10 kg of potash fertilizer is applied to each mu in a seedling 3-4 leaf period, and 70-100 mL of plant nutrient solution is sprayed to each mu in a dry rice grouting period;
5.2 weeding: removing the grown weeds during the growth of the dry rice;
5.3 watering: in the sowing, seedling rapid growth period and heading and grouting period, the dry rice needs to be ensured to grow to obtain enough moisture, in other periods, watering is carried out according to the weather condition, and simultaneously, drainage of waterlogging is carried out in rainy weather;
5.4 pest control: according to the diseases and insect pests of the upland rice, the corresponding pesticide is selected for prevention and treatment.
Preferably, the dry rice can also be planted in a paddy field mode by raising seedlings, and the seedlings need to be raised 30 days in advance.
Preferably, the dry rice seeds need to be subjected to bird repelling work after being sowed, so that the dry rice seeds are prevented from being pecked.
Preferably, a drainage ditch needs to be dug in the field during the growth of the upland rice.
Preferably, the rice is prevented from lodging during growth, and rope piles are required to be arranged.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a method for planting upland rice in high mountains. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with rice, the method saves water resources, reduces the conflict between agricultural water and industrial water and urban water, and can improve soil and make up for the shortage of grains by planting the upland rice in mountainous areas and wasteland.
2. According to the invention, in the step of seed treatment, the seeds are subjected to sun curing in advance, then seed selection and finally disinfection treatment, so that the germination rate of the seeds is improved, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced.
3. According to the invention, most agricultural machinery cannot be used in mountainous areas and wasteland planted by dry rice, so that a large amount of manual labor is required, and a working post can be provided for refugees.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for planting upland rice in mountains, which comprises the following steps:
s1 planting time determination
The dry rice can be divided into spring sowing and summer sowing, wherein the spring sowing is 4 months, and the summer sowing is late May and late June;
s2 seed treatment
2.1 seed drying: flatly paving the dry rice seeds for sunning, wherein the thickness is 1-2 cm, the time is 1-2 h, and turning is carried out once every 5min, so that the drying degree of the seeds is consistent, the activity of enzymes in the seeds can be promoted, the germination and the germination vigor of the seeds are effectively improved, and a certain sterilization effect is achieved;
2.2 seed selection: firstly, winnowing to remove impurities with different specific gravity from the upland rice seeds, then screening twice, firstly removing the impurities with the volume larger than that of the upland rice seeds, secondly removing the impurities with the volume smaller than that of the upland rice seeds, and finally carrying out water separation, wherein the seeds are soaked in cold water, floating impurities are removed, the quality of the seeds is ensured, and grass seeds are prevented from being mixed;
2.3 seed disinfection: after impurities in the water separation soaking are removed, one of the following three modes is selected for disinfection;
2.3.1 soaking and sterilizing in warm water: continuously soaking in cold water for 18-24 h, transferring the upland rice seeds into warm water at the temperature of 40-45 ℃, soaking for 5min, transferring the upland rice seeds into warm water at the temperature of 54 ℃, soaking for 10min, keeping the subsequent temperature at 15 +/-3 ℃, and soaking until water absorption is saturated, wherein the warm water soaking seeds can kill germs such as rice blast, bakanae disease, dry-tip disease and the like;
2.3.2 soaking seeds in lime water: after water separation is finished, adding lime water into the water, soaking for 30-60 min, and stirring for 1min every 5min to ensure that a calcium carbonate layer can be formed on the surface of the upland rice seeds, so that calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide can generate a calcium carbonate film on the surface of the upland rice seeds, and air is isolated, so that the seeds absorb water, and germinated germs cannot be suffocated due to air;
2.3.3 soaking seeds with medicament: after water separation, soaking for 8h, then transferring the upland rice seeds into 300 times of strong chlorine liquor to soak for 4h, and finally cleaning with clear water;
s3 soil preparation
Ploughing, crushing and flattening a field, controlling the depth of ploughing to be 25-35 cm, removing stones if ploughing on a sandy land, wherein the breaking granularity is as close as the size of dry rice seeds, ditching or opening holes according to different ploughing modes, wherein the distance between every two ditches is 20-25 cm, the distance between every two holes is 12-15 cm, and the depth of the ditches and the holes is controlled to be 3-5 cm;
s4 sowing
If a ditching mode is adopted, applying one piece of dry rice seed in every 5-8 cm of the ditch, if a hole opening mode is adopted, sowing 2-3 pieces in each hole, or sowing in a seed spreading mode, the mode only needs to flatten the field, after the three modes are sowed, soil covering treatment is needed, the soil covering thickness is controlled to be 2-3 cm, the over depth and the over depth are not favorable for seedling emergence and growth development, particularly the over depth is high, the seedling emergence rate is low, the tillering force is weak, the spike is short, the yield is low, and the seedling emergence is uneven;
s5 field management
5.1 fertilization: when field plowing is carried out, a ternary compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 20-30 kg of the base fertilizer is applied to each mu, 5-10 kg of potash fertilizer is applied to each mu in a seedling 3-4 leaf period, 70-100 mL of plant nutrient solution is sprayed to each mu in a dry rice grouting period, and the base fertilizer is configured according to the growth requirement of the dry rice in the grouting period;
5.2 weeding: in the process of dry rice growth, removing the grown weeds, for example, uniformly spraying 40% direct seeding wettable powder with water of 20Kg per mu in an amount of 30g per mu 1-2 days after sowing for the first time, carrying out stem leaf weeding once from one core to four cores of seedling cotyledons, adding 61-80 g of 10% pyhmisulfuron to 50% dichloroquinine per mu, and optimally wetting the soil during pesticide application;
5.3 watering: in the sowing, seedling rapid growth period and heading and grouting period, the dry rice needs to be ensured to grow to obtain enough moisture, in other periods, watering is needed according to weather conditions, if the moisture evaporation amount is too large, weeds can be laid at the roots of the dry rice, evaporation is reduced, soil moistening is kept, and meanwhile, waterlogging drainage is needed in rainy days;
5.4 pest control: according to the diseases and insect pests of the upland rice, the corresponding pesticide is selected for prevention and treatment, such as the abamectin can be used for preventing and treating the stem borer, the abamectin and pymetrozine can be used for prevention and treatment when the stem borer and the rice planthopper are mixed, the targeted prevention can be carried out according to the disease and insect pests of local crops, the pesticide which is not used even is extremely little used, green food is mainly produced, and the economic value of the upland rice is improved.
The dry rice can also be planted in a paddy field, the seedling raising needs to be carried out 30 days in advance, bird repelling work needs to be carried out after the dry rice seeds are sown, the dry rice seeds are prevented from being pecked, drainage ditches need to be dug in the field during the growth of the dry rice, rope piles need to be arranged to support the dry rice plants, and the dry rice plants are prevented from lodging in rainy and windy weather.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for planting upland rice on high mountains is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 planting time determination
The dry rice can be divided into spring sowing and summer sowing, wherein the spring sowing is 4 months, and the summer sowing is late May and late June;
s2 seed treatment
2.1 seed drying: flatly paving the dry rice seeds for sunning, wherein the thickness is 1-2 cm, the time is 1-2 h, and turning is carried out every 5min to ensure that the drying degrees of the seeds are consistent;
2.2 seed selection: firstly, winnowing to remove impurities with different specific gravity from the upland rice seeds, then screening twice, firstly removing the impurities with the volume larger than that of the upland rice seeds, secondly removing the impurities with the volume smaller than that of the upland rice seeds, and finally carrying out water separation, soaking the seeds in cold water and removing floating impurities;
2.3 seed disinfection: after impurities in the water separation soaking are removed, one of the following three modes is selected for disinfection;
2.3.1 soaking and sterilizing in warm water: continuously soaking in cold water for 18-24 h, then transferring the upland rice seeds into warm water at the temperature of 40-45 ℃, soaking for 5min, then transferring the upland rice seeds into warm water at the temperature of 54 ℃, soaking for 10min, and keeping the subsequent temperature at 15 +/-3 ℃;
2.3.2 soaking seeds in lime water: after water separation is finished, adding lime water into the water, soaking for 30-60 min, and stirring for 1min every 5min to ensure that a calcium carbonate layer can be formed on the surface of the upland rice seeds;
2.3.3 soaking seeds with medicament: after water separation, soaking for 8h, then transferring the upland rice seeds into 300 times of strong chlorine liquor to soak for 4h, and finally cleaning with clear water;
s3 soil preparation
Ploughing, crushing and flattening a field, controlling the depth of ploughing to be 25-35 cm, removing stones if ploughing on a sandy land, wherein the breaking granularity is as close as the size of dry rice seeds, ditching or opening holes according to different ploughing modes, wherein the distance between every two ditches is 20-25 cm, the distance between every two holes is 12-15 cm, and the depth of the ditches and the holes is controlled to be 3-5 cm;
s4 sowing
If a ditching mode is adopted, applying one dry rice seed every 5-8 cm in the ditch, if a hole opening mode is adopted, sowing 2-3 dry rice seeds in each hole, or sowing seeds in a seed spreading mode, the mode only needs to flatten the field, after the three modes are sowed, soil covering treatment is needed, the soil covering thickness is controlled to be 2-3 cm, when the seedling has two leaves and one heart, density adjustment of the seedling is carried out, and the dense seedling is not moved to a sparse plot;
s5 field management
5.1 fertilization: when field plowing is carried out, a ternary compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 20-30 kg of the base fertilizer is applied to each mu, 5-10 kg of potash fertilizer is applied to each mu in a seedling 3-4 leaf period, and 70-100 mL of plant nutrient solution is sprayed to each mu in a dry rice grouting period;
5.2 weeding: removing the grown weeds during the growth of the dry rice;
5.3 watering: in the sowing, seedling rapid growth period and heading and grouting period, the dry rice needs to be ensured to grow to obtain enough moisture, in other periods, watering is carried out according to the weather condition, and simultaneously, drainage of waterlogging is carried out in rainy weather;
5.4 pest control: according to the diseases and insect pests of the upland rice, the corresponding pesticide is selected for prevention and treatment.
2. The method for planting upland rice in alpine region according to claim 1, wherein: the dry rice can also be planted in paddy field and needs to be raised 30 days in advance.
3. The method for planting upland rice in alpine region according to claim 1, wherein: and after the dry rice seeds are sown, bird repelling work is needed to be done, so that the dry rice seeds are prevented from being pecked.
4. The method for planting upland rice in alpine region according to claim 1, wherein: and in the growth of the upland rice, drainage ditches need to be dug in the field.
5. The method for planting upland rice in alpine region according to claim 1, wherein: the rice is prevented from lodging during growth, and rope piles need to be arranged.
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| CN202011014789.8A CN112640745A (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2020-09-24 | High-mountain dry rice planting method |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015109880A1 (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-30 | 胡代书 | Method for cultivating overyear regrowing rice seeds and seedling growing and planting method |
| CN106879408A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-06-23 | 孙宗仕 | Mountain area upland rice and its implantation methods |
| CN109122139A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-04 | 丁广礼 | A kind of cultivating superior high-yield method of saving water, resisting drought rice |
| CN109258354A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-25 | 全州县咸水虹桥米业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of upland rice |
| CN109744091A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-14 | 周斌 | A kind of cold-resistant upland rice implantation methods |
-
2020
- 2020-09-24 CN CN202011014789.8A patent/CN112640745A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015109880A1 (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-30 | 胡代书 | Method for cultivating overyear regrowing rice seeds and seedling growing and planting method |
| CN106879408A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-06-23 | 孙宗仕 | Mountain area upland rice and its implantation methods |
| CN109258354A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-25 | 全州县咸水虹桥米业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of upland rice |
| CN109122139A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-04 | 丁广礼 | A kind of cultivating superior high-yield method of saving water, resisting drought rice |
| CN109744091A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-14 | 周斌 | A kind of cold-resistant upland rice implantation methods |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 汪本忠等: "旱稻高产栽培技术", 《现代农业科技(下半月刊)》 * |
| 沙美芝等: "旱稻栽培技术", 《现代农业科技》 * |
| 陈胜梅: "旱稻种植与推广技术", 《现代农业科技(下半月刊)》 * |
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