CN112624869A - Straw-utilized organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw organic fertilizer, which comprises the following main raw materials: wheat straw, corn straw, sawn wood, human or livestock manure, sodium hydroxide, plant ash, ground phosphate rock, potassium chloride, a microbial quick-decomposing agent, cellulase and a composite strain; the raw materials of the organic fertilizer are pure biological materials, and the organic fertilizer does not pollute plants; meanwhile, the corn straw, the soybean straw, the sawn wood and the plant ash are mixed, so that trace elements required by plant growth are provided, the plant production can be promoted, the technical problems that a large amount of mineral fertilizers are added in the existing production process, and the production period is long can be solved, and the defects in the prior art are overcome; the quality of organic grains is guaranteed, the soil structure is improved, and the organic grain soil-improving agent is an important assistance for green production of circulating agriculture. The organic grain planting fertilizer can greatly reduce the using amount of the fertilizer in the planting of organic grains, ensure the quality of the organic grains, improve the soil structure, is an important assistance for the green production of the circulating agriculture, and avoids the residue problem caused by the introduction of chemical substances.

Description

Straw-utilized organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass straw fertilizers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a straw organic fertilizer.

Background

At present, agricultural organic wastes lack effective treatment means and have large influence on environmental pollution, such as air pollution caused by straw burning, insufficient treatment capacity after straw bundling and the like. With the active promotion and strong support of local governments and the development of domestic bundling machines, the straw burning phenomenon is relieved. But the utilization rate of the straws is very low, and only less than 20 percent of the straws are used for power generation, biological fuel, livestock breeding and the like. The rest 80% of the crop straws are burnt to cause air pollution, and the air pollution is either accumulated in the field and decayed or pollutes water sources in the river channel.

Meanwhile, agricultural organic wastes have a serious pollution phenomenon. Currently, the agricultural resource environment in China is under the dual pressure of exogenous pollution and endogenous pollution, and the sustainable development of agriculture encounters a bottleneck. At present, agricultural waste treatment adopts methods of burying, burning, discarding, directly returning to fields, composting at the top of fields, industrial composting and the like, fermentation is slow, temperature is low, plant diseases and insect pests are difficult to kill, reasonable proportioning is not carried out, fertilizer efficiency is low, treatment time is long, occupied sites are large, open-air treatment is carried out, sewage flows into four places after raining, secondary pollution is large, environmental events are easy to cause, and resource waste is caused.

Meanwhile, the farmland has the problem of pollution caused by using a large amount of inorganic fertilizers. A large amount of inorganic fertilizer contains a large amount of heavy metals, mainly Zn, Cu, Co, Cr and the like. The heavy metal elements in the soil are enriched after long-term use, and the health of human bodies is harmed. The soil microorganism has the functions of converting organic matters and decomposing minerals and toxic substances. The inorganic fertilizer applied in China mainly comprises a nitrogenous fertilizer, and the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are low in application amount, so that the quantity and the activity of soil microorganisms can be reduced. In addition, the long-term application of inorganic fertilizer can accelerate soil acidification and leaching of Ca and Mg elements from a plough layer, thereby reducing the saturation of the base and the fertility of the soil.

With the accelerated integration process of world trade, Chinese agricultural products are going out of China in large quantities, and people pay more attention to the safety, health and green of food. The development of the biological fertilizer provides market opportunity for China, the demand of organic agricultural products for organic fertilizers in China can be met, on one hand, employment posts are provided for farmers, on the other hand, the planting cost of the agricultural products is low, the selling price is high, and the income of the farmers is increased.

The existing solution is to use technologies and equipment for harmless treatment and fertilizer utilization of agricultural wastes, such as a biological fertilizer making machine, to solve the pollution problem and create certain economic benefits for farmers. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer is to carry out quick harmless treatment on crop straws, animal wastes and the like generated in agricultural production to completely kill diseases, pests and weeds in agricultural wastes, prepare the functional organic fertilizer, and after the organic fertilizer is applied to soil, various nutrients and beneficial microorganisms are in an active state, thereby not only cleaning the environment, but also supplementing a large amount of organic nutrient elements and organic matters, improving the soil and effectively controlling soil-borne diseases of crops. Four changes are implemented. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of firstly changing the returning of coarse manure into returning of fine manure, secondly changing the random burning into clean production, thirdly changing the traditional compost into biological fertilizer, and fourthly changing the low-efficiency utilization into high-efficiency utilization.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the straw organic fertilizer comprises the following main raw materials in parts by weight: 30-46 parts of wheat straw, 22-35 parts of corn straw, 22-34 parts of sawn timber, 21-34 parts of human or livestock manure, 20-34 parts of sodium hydroxide, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 10-23 parts of ground phosphate rock, 12-19 parts of potassium chloride, 2-8 parts of microbial fast-decomposing agent, 10-12 parts of cellulase and 1 part of composite strain.

Preferably, the composite strain comprises low-temperature bacteria, high-temperature bacteria, aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, and the mass parts of the low-temperature bacteria, the high-temperature bacteria, the aerobic bacteria and the anaerobic bacteria are as follows in sequence: 2-4 parts of: 2-4 parts of: 2-4 parts of: 0.5-1.5 parts;

a preparation method of an organic fertilizer by using straws, which comprises the following steps,

s1, a proportion determining step, namely determining the proportion of the straws to the human or livestock manure according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio;

s2, a humidifying step, namely adding straws and human or livestock manure into a fermenter according to the determined proportion and humidifying;

s3, preheating, namely, enabling the temperature of the material consisting of the straw and the human or livestock manure to reach the preheating temperature;

s4, adding strains, namely adding strains;

s5, a fermentation step, wherein fermentation is carried out;

and S6, granulating.

Preferably, in step S1, the proportion determining step further determines the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer to be added, wherein the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer is not more than 0.3% of the weight of the straws; and further adjusting the proportion of the wheat straw, the corn straw, the human or animal excrement and the nitrogen fertilizer composition to ensure that the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20-25: 1.

preferably, in step S1, fresh wheat straws and corn straws are selected, aired and crushed into 40-80-mesh particles; human or livestock manure is added into a drying device for drying, and the water content after drying is 20-25%.

Preferably, in the step S2, the straws are put into a fermentation tank, and then water is added to adjust the humidity to 50-70%; then human or animal excrement and nitrogen fertilizer are filled into the fermentation tank, and the humidity is checked and adjusted to 50-70%.

Preferably, in step S2, the microbial fast-rotting agent and the cellulase are further added into the fermentor, the mixture is uniformly stirred, the stirring temperature is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10-12 hours.

Preferably, in the fermentation step, the temperature of the fermentor is 50-80 ℃, and the oxygen introduction amount is kept at 10-15%.

Preferably, in the step S6, the granulation is to utilize 1000 kg of the dry organic fertilizer fermented and processed in the step S5, add 5% of effective microbiota, fully mix, turn over, mix evenly, and process to prepare the biological organic fertilizer granules with the bacteria content of more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.

Preferably, the method further comprises one or both of the following steps:

q1, a sterilization step, wherein before the strain addition step, the temperature is heated to 80 ℃ or higher and maintained for more than 15 minutes, or a bactericide is added;

q2, a water supplementing step, wherein in the fermentation step, the humidity of the materials is monitored, and if the humidity is lower than a preset threshold value, water supplementing and humidifying are carried out, so that the humidity of the materials is kept at 50-70%.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the organic fertilizer has the advantages and positive effects that the raw materials are pure biological materials, and no pollution is caused to plants; meanwhile, the corn straw, the soybean straw, the sawn wood and the plant ash are mixed, so that trace elements required by plant growth are provided, the plant production can be promoted, the technical problems that a large amount of mineral fertilizers are added in the existing production process, and the production period is long can be solved, and the defects in the prior art are overcome; the bactericide is added into the organic fertilizer, so that pathogenic bacteria in biological materials can be inhibited, and plant virus infection caused by the use of the organic fertilizer can be prevented; the straw organic fertilizer raw material. The invention can completely meet the requirement of agricultural circulating green development, the prepared green organic bacterial fertilizer has good fertilizer efficiency, and can completely replace chemical fertilizer in the planting of fruits and vegetables, thereby ensuring the quality of fruits and vegetables and improving the soil structure. The organic grain planting fertilizer can greatly reduce the using amount of the fertilizer in the planting of organic grains, ensure the quality of the organic grains, improve the soil structure and is an important assistance for the green production of the circulating agriculture. The organic grain planting fertilizer can greatly reduce the using amount of the fertilizer in the planting of organic grains, ensure the quality of the organic grains, improve the soil structure, is an important assistance for the green production of the circulating agriculture, and avoids the residue problem caused by the introduction of chemical substances.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.

Examples

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure.

The embodiment provides a straw-utilized organic fertilizer which comprises the following main raw materials in parts by weight: 30-46 parts of wheat straw, 22-35 parts of corn straw, 22-34 parts of sawn timber, 21-34 parts of human or livestock manure, 20-34 parts of sodium hydroxide, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 10-23 parts of ground phosphate rock, 12-19 parts of potassium chloride, 2-8 parts of microbial fast-decomposing agent, 10-12 parts of cellulase and 1 part of composite strain.

Further, the composite strain comprises low-temperature bacteria, high-temperature bacteria, aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, and the mass parts of the low-temperature bacteria, the high-temperature bacteria, the aerobic bacteria and the anaerobic bacteria are as follows in sequence: 2-4 parts of: 2-4 parts of: 2-4 parts of: 0.5-1.5 parts;

a preparation method of an organic fertilizer by using straws, which comprises the following steps,

s1, a proportion determining step, namely determining the proportion of the straws to the human or livestock manure according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio;

s2, a humidifying step, namely adding straws and human or livestock manure into a fermenter according to the determined proportion and humidifying;

s3, preheating, namely, enabling the temperature of the material consisting of the straw and the human or livestock manure to reach the preheating temperature;

s4, adding strains, namely adding strains;

s5, a fermentation step, wherein fermentation is carried out;

and S6, granulating.

Further, in step S1, the ratio determining step determines the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer to be added, and the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer does not exceed 0.3% of the weight of the straw; and further adjusting the proportion of the wheat straw, the corn straw, the human or animal excrement and the nitrogen fertilizer composition to ensure that the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20-25: 1.

further, in step S1, selecting fresh wheat straws and corn straws, airing, and crushing into 40-80 mesh granules; human or livestock manure is added into a drying device for drying, and the water content after drying is 20-25%.

Preferably, in the step S2, the straws are put into a fermentation tank, and then water is added to adjust the humidity to 50-70%; then human or animal excrement and nitrogen fertilizer are filled into the fermentation tank, and the humidity is checked and adjusted to 50-70%.

Preferably, in step S2, the microbial fast-rotting agent and the cellulase are further added into the fermentor, the mixture is uniformly stirred, the stirring temperature is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10-12 hours.

Preferably, in the fermentation step, the temperature of the fermentor is 50-80 ℃, and the oxygen introduction amount is kept at 10-15%.

Preferably, in the step S6, the granulation is to utilize 1000 kg of the dry organic fertilizer fermented and processed in the step S5, add 5% of effective microbiota, fully mix, turn over, mix evenly, and process to prepare the biological organic fertilizer granules with the bacteria content of more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.

Preferably, the method further comprises one or both of the following steps:

q1, a sterilization step, wherein before the strain addition step, the temperature is heated to 80 ℃ or higher and maintained for more than 15 minutes, or a bactericide is added;

q2, a water supplementing step, wherein in the fermentation step, the humidity of the materials is monitored, and if the humidity is lower than a preset threshold value, water supplementing and humidifying are carried out, so that the humidity of the materials is kept at 50-70%.

In addition, it should be noted that the electrical components presented in the document are all electrically connected with an external master controller and 220V mains, and the master controller can be a conventional known device which is controlled by a computer or the like.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An organic fertilizer by utilizing straws is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following main raw materials in parts by weight: 30-46 parts of wheat straw, 22-35 parts of corn straw, 22-34 parts of sawn timber, 21-34 parts of human or livestock manure, 20-34 parts of sodium hydroxide, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 10-23 parts of ground phosphate rock, 12-19 parts of potassium chloride, 2-8 parts of microbial fast-decomposing agent, 10-12 parts of cellulase and 1 part of composite strain.

2. The straw-utilized organic fertilizer of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the composite strain comprises low-temperature bacteria, high-temperature bacteria, aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, wherein the mass parts of the low-temperature bacteria, the high-temperature bacteria, the aerobic bacteria and the anaerobic bacteria are as follows in sequence: 2-4 parts of: 2-4 parts of: 2-4 parts of: 0.5 to 1.5 portions.

3. A preparation method of an organic fertilizer by using straws is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,

s1, a proportion determining step, namely determining the proportion of the straws to the human or livestock manure according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio;

s2, a humidifying step, namely adding straws and human or livestock manure into a fermenter according to the determined proportion and humidifying;

s3, preheating, namely, enabling the temperature of the material consisting of the straw and the human or livestock manure to reach the preheating temperature;

s4, adding strains, namely adding strains;

s5, a fermentation step, wherein fermentation is carried out;

and S6, granulating.

4. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer by using straws as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: in step S1, the proportion of the nitrogen fertilizer to be added is determined during the proportion determination step, and the proportion of the nitrogen fertilizer is not more than 0.3 percent of the weight of the straws; and further adjusting the proportion of the wheat straw, the corn straw, the human or animal excrement and the nitrogen fertilizer composition to ensure that the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20-25: 1.

5. the preparation method of the organic fertilizer by using straws as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: in step S1, selecting fresh wheat straws and corn straws, airing, and crushing into 40-80 mesh granules; human or livestock manure is added into a drying device for drying, and the water content after drying is 20-25%.

6. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer by using straws as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: step S2, putting the straws into a fermentation tank, and then adding water to adjust the humidity to 50-70%; then human or animal excrement and nitrogen fertilizer are filled into the fermentation tank, and the humidity is checked and adjusted to 50-70%.

7. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer by using straws as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: in step S2, a microorganism fast-rotting agent and cellulase are also added into the fermentor, the mixture is uniformly stirred, the stirring temperature is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10-12 hours.

8. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer by using straws as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: in the fermentation step, the temperature of the fermentor is 50-80 ℃, and the oxygen introduction amount is kept at 10-15%.

9. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer by using straws as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: and step S6, granulating, namely adding 5% of effective microorganism groups into 1000 kg of the dried organic fertilizer fermented and processed in the step S5, fully mixing, turning over and uniformly stirring to prepare the biological organic fertilizer with the bacteria content of more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.

10. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer by using straws as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the method further comprises one or both of the following steps:

q1, a sterilization step, wherein before the strain addition step, the temperature is heated to 80 ℃ or higher and maintained for more than 15 minutes;

q2, a water supplementing step, wherein in the fermentation step, the humidity of the materials is monitored, and if the humidity is lower than a preset threshold value, water supplementing and humidifying are carried out, so that the humidity of the materials is kept at 50-70%.