CN112624740A - 一种高熵ntc热敏电阻陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高熵ntc热敏电阻陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112624740A
CN112624740A CN202011570890.1A CN202011570890A CN112624740A CN 112624740 A CN112624740 A CN 112624740A CN 202011570890 A CN202011570890 A CN 202011570890A CN 112624740 A CN112624740 A CN 112624740A
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高家兴
向凤云
唐光明
魏小明
张忠模
徐丽艳
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高熵NTC热敏电阻陶瓷材料及其制备方法，其中，高熵NTC热敏电阻材料的化学式为Mg(Alx1Cox2Crx3Fex4Mnx5)2O4，所述高熵NTC热敏材料为单一尖晶石相结构。本发明所述材料具有高熵陶瓷的迟滞扩散效应，使其组织结构保持长期稳定，提高热敏电阻抗老化性能。

Description

一种高熵NTC热敏电阻陶瓷材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种材料，特别涉及一种高熵NTC热敏电阻陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
NTC热敏电阻是温度传感器领域中的重要元件，具有测温精度高，成本低，体积小等优点。具有较高的温度灵敏度和稳定性，并且价格低廉，在温度测量，温度控制，抑制浪涌电流等方面具有广泛的应用。热敏电阻的阻值会随使用时间的增加而发生漂移，这种现象称之为老化。传统热敏电阻的老化一直限制了热敏电阻在高精度高稳定性应用环境中的使用。
NTC热敏电阻一般采用具有尖晶石结构的过渡金属氧化物。早期NTC热敏电阻采用二主元设计，但二主元NTC热敏电阻工艺稳定性差，对烧结温度敏感。后来出现三主元、四主元热敏电阻，其性能较二主元热敏电阻有了较大提高。但热敏电阻的老化性能仍不能让人满意。热敏电阻的老化与热敏电阻在使用过程中的结构演变有关。目前一般认为NTC热敏电阻的导电既不是电子在导带中运动的结果，同时也不是空穴在价带中迁移所造成的，而是电子在能级之间直接转移、跃迁的结果，是电子从某一个原子跃迁到另一个相邻原子位置上的结果。因此阳离子的分布对热敏电阻的导电能力有影响。研究认为热敏电阻晶体内的阳离子导致晶格畸变，增大了晶格的弹性能，为消除或减少晶格内弹性能，阳离子倾向与定向、集束排列，在热敏电阻制备过程中，高温会打破这种定向、集束状态，并在冷却时将这种非平衡状态保留下来。但这种非平衡状态会在使用过程中向平衡态演变，这就导致阳离子分布发生变化，热敏电阻的阻值发生漂移。
高熵陶瓷由于具有动力学的迟滞扩散效应，如果将高熵陶瓷设计为热敏电阻，其阳离子的扩散速度会降低，阳离子的分布难以发生变化，高熵热敏电阻的老化性能将获得提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高熵NTC热敏电阻陶瓷材料及其制备方法，所述材料具有高熵陶瓷的迟滞扩散效应，使其组织成分保持长期稳定，提高热敏电阻抗老化性能。
本发明的技术方案是：
高熵NTC热敏电阻材料，该电阻材料的化学式为Mg(Alx1Cox2Crx3Fex4Mnx5)2O4，所述高熵NTC热敏材料为单一尖晶石相结构。
所述电阻材料的化学式中的x1、x2、x3、x4、x5的值为0.05～0.35，并且x1+x2+x3+x4+x5＝1。
上述高熵热NTC敏电阻材料的制备方法，有以下步骤：
按上述配比取Mg、Al、Co、Cr、Fe、Mn的硝酸盐，按照(NO3)-1与燃料的配比称取燃料，加水溶解，混匀，得到硝酸盐和燃料的混合水溶液；
将混合水溶液置于300～500℃下反应0.5～1小时，得到陶瓷粉体。
以2～5℃/min的升温速率加热陶瓷粉体到1000～1200℃，保温1～3小时得到高熵NTC热敏电阻材料粉体。
所述Mg、Al、Co、Cr、Fe、Mn的硝酸盐分别为Mg(NO3)2·6H2O、Al(NO3)3·9H2O、Co(NO3)2·6H2O、Cr(NO3)3·9H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Mn(NO3)2·4H2O。
所述燃料为尿素、乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸、甘氨酸中的一种或几种。
所述(NO3)-1与燃料的摩尔比为(NO3)-1：燃料的比例＝1:1。
本发明高熵NTC热敏陶瓷是MgAl2O4、MgCo2O4、MgCr2O4、MgFe2O4和MgMn2O4的固溶体，该固溶体为立方尖晶石相AB2O4，其A位被Mg2+占据，B位被Al3+、Co3+、Cr3+、Fe3+、Mn3+五种金属阳离子以等原子比或接近等原子比随机占据，是一种高熵陶瓷材料，具有高熵陶瓷特有的高温稳定性，有利于制备具有高精度、使用寿命长和良好互换性的热敏电阻。通过改变B位五种金属元素的比例即可改变固溶体中各组元的比例，其单一组分的可调整范围大(5％～35％)，组分协同调整方案多(如某组元增加10％，其它四组元总共减少10％就有无数种组合)，相应的可制备出大量不同性能的热敏电阻，以适应不同使用环境。本发明采用液相方法制备陶瓷粉体，原材料达到分子水平的分散，产物实现化学计量比，粉体粒子直径为纳米级，烧结活性高，利于低温烧结。
本发明所述高熵NTC热敏陶瓷可用于热敏电阻、催化剂材料等。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的XRD图谱。
图2为本发明实施例1高熵热敏电阻粉体的SEM照片。
图3为本发明实施例1高熵热敏电阻粉体相应Cr元素的EDS图谱。
图4为本发明实施例1高熵热敏电阻粉体相应Mn元素的EDS图谱。
图5为本发明实施例1高熵热敏电阻粉体相应Fe元素的EDS图谱。
图6为本发明实施例1高熵热敏电阻粉体相应Co元素的EDS图谱。
图7为本发明实施例1高熵热敏电阻粉体相应Al元素的EDS图谱。
图8为本发明实施例1高熵热敏电阻粉体相应Mg元素的EDS图谱。
具体实施方式
本实施例所述的试剂均采用市售的分析纯试剂。
实施例1
称取:25.64gMg(NO3)2·6H2O、7.50g Al(NO3)3·9H2O、5.82g Co(NO3)2·6H2O、8.00g Cr(NO3)3·9H2O、8.08g Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、5.02g Mn(NO3)2·4H2O、50.4g柠檬酸、去离子水100g配置成溶液，放入500℃马弗炉中反应1小时，收集反应生成的粉体放入氧化铝坩埚中以5℃每分的升温速率加热到1000℃，保温1小时得到Mg(Al0.2Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2)2O4粉体。其XRD图谱参见图1。该图谱表明，所制备高熵热敏电阻为纯尖晶石相，未含其它杂质相；图2～8为粉体的SEM照片和Mg、Mn、Fe、Co、Cr、Al的EDS图普，从图中可以看出，Mg、Mn、Fe、Co、Cr、Al等金属阳离子没有出现明显的偏析或富集。所制备的粉体为高熵陶瓷粉体。
实施例2
称取:25.64g Mg(NO3)2、3.75g Al(NO3)3、5.82gCo(NO3)2、12.00gCr(NO3)3、8.08gFe(NO3)3、5.02gMn(NO3)2、50.4g柠檬酸、去离子水100g配置成溶液，放入500℃马弗炉中反应1小时，收集反应生成的粉体放入氧化铝坩埚中以5℃每分的升温速率加热到1000℃，保温1小时得到Mg(Al0.1Co0.2Cr0.3Fe0.2Mn0.2)2O4粉体。

Claims (6)

1.一种高熵NTC热敏电阻材料，其特征在于：该电阻材料的化学式为Mg(Alx1Cox2Crx3Fex4Mnx5)2O4，所述高熵NTC热敏材料为单一尖晶石相结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电阻材料，其特征在于：所述电阻材料的化学式中的x1、x2、x3、x4、x5的值为0.05～0.35，并且x1+x2+x3+x4+x5＝1。
3.权利要求1所述高熵NTC热敏电阻材料的制备方法，其特征在于，有以下步骤：
按权利要求1或2所述配比取Mg、Al、Co、Cr、Fe、Mn的硝酸盐，按照(NO3)-1与燃料的配比取燃料，加水溶解，混匀，得到硝酸盐和燃料的混合水溶液，300～500℃下反应0.5～1小时，得到的粉体，以2～5℃/min的升温速率加热到1000～1200℃，保温1～3小时得到高熵NTC热敏电阻陶瓷粉体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：所述Mg、Al、Co、Cr、Fe、Mn的硝酸盐分别为Mg(NO3)2·6H2O、Al(NO3)3·9H2O、Co(NO3)2·6H2O、Cr(NO3)3·9H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Mn(NO3)2·4H2O。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：所述燃料为尿素、乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸、甘氨酸中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：所述(NO3)-1与燃料的摩尔比为(NO3)-1：燃料＝1:1。
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CN115093224A (zh) * 2022-07-18 2022-09-23 天津大学 一种烧绿石相高熵陶瓷的制备方法及应用
CN115894029A (zh) * 2023-01-03 2023-04-04 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 基于高熵稀土锆酸盐的氧不敏感型负温度系数热敏材料
CN116023140A (zh) * 2023-01-03 2023-04-28 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 基于高熵稀土锡酸盐的氧不敏感型负温度系数热敏材料

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CN115093224A (zh) * 2022-07-18 2022-09-23 天津大学 一种烧绿石相高熵陶瓷的制备方法及应用
CN115894029A (zh) * 2023-01-03 2023-04-04 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 基于高熵稀土锆酸盐的氧不敏感型负温度系数热敏材料
CN116023140A (zh) * 2023-01-03 2023-04-28 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 基于高熵稀土锡酸盐的氧不敏感型负温度系数热敏材料
CN116023140B (zh) * 2023-01-03 2023-08-22 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 基于高熵稀土锡酸盐的氧不敏感型负温度系数热敏材料
CN115894029B (zh) * 2023-01-03 2023-09-01 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 基于高熵稀土锆酸盐的氧不敏感型负温度系数热敏材料

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