CN112616728B - Method for breeding large-scale grey sea horses in pond - Google Patents
Method for breeding large-scale grey sea horses in pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN112616728B CN112616728B CN202011559881.2A CN202011559881A CN112616728B CN 112616728 B CN112616728 B CN 112616728B CN 202011559881 A CN202011559881 A CN 202011559881A CN 112616728 B CN112616728 B CN 112616728B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for culturing large-scale grey sea horses in a pond, which simultaneously utilizes pond copepods and mysorethorn as sea horse baits which are combined, can reduce the cost of the sea horse culturing baits by 80 percent and the labor cost by 50 percent, does not need large-scale capital construction, and greatly improves the culturing benefit of the grey sea horses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sea horse cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating large-scale grey sea horses in a pond.
Background
The hippocampus is a traditional rare Chinese medicine. According to statistics, the amount of dry medicine used in China is more than 300 tons every year. Because natural resources of the sea horses are seriously damaged, artificial breeding research is carried out in many countries in the world for recovering the resources. In recent five years, the development of the sea horse breeding technology taking Hippocampus erectus as a leading variety in China is rapid, but the large-scale production technology still has many problems, and the major problems to be solved at present are single breeding mode, high cost, more diseases, low-quality seedlings, low survival rate of breeding in summer and the like.
At present, the sea horse breeding mode mainly adopts cement ponds and glass fiber reinforced plastic barrels for breeding. The breeding method has high cost, including land and building cost, labor cost and bait cost, and is easy to cause diseases. Earlier researches find that the sea horse grows fast in algae water, the survival rate is high, the diseases are few, but the biggest problem of algae water culture in a cement pond is that algae phases are difficult to control, once the algae water is 'poured', the algae water is harmful to the sea horse, particularly, the sea horse is greatly harmful to seedlings in the previous 15 days, and the survival rate is low. According to the discovery that the sea horse has good culture effect in algae water, the pond polyculture is an ideal application. All the culture modes which can keep the stability of algae in the pond and provide enough bait organisms and the culture objects which are harmless to the sea horses can be considered, such as fish culture ponds, prawn ponds, sea cucumber ponds and the like.
The cultivation of sea horses in ponds is described in the literature and is also patented. However, the method has not been popularized so far, and the reported technology is not mature enough, so that a plurality of problems can not be solved. For example, the literature describes a method for cultivating sea horses in a pond using a multi-layer net cage (CN 102771420A discloses a method for cultivating sea horses using a multi-layer net cage, and in the examples, how to keep the net cage clean is not mentioned.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for culturing large-scale grey sea horses in ponds, and overcoming the defects of difficult cleaning of the conventional net cage culture, high cost of an indoor sea horse culture mode and high enteritis disease incidence rate.
The invention provides a method for culturing hippocampus in a culture pond in a mixed manner, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The area of the culture pond is 3-4 mu, the pond is provided with a nano gas-filled tube, and materials for the sea horse to climb are arranged in the pond;
(2) During the culture period, the lowest water temperature is more than 18 ℃, the daily water temperature difference is less than 2.5 ℃, fish killing treatment is carried out after water enters a pond, algae are cultured by using rich water, copepods are further cultured, each milliliter of copepods is kept to be more than 0.5, and the transparency of pond water is not higher than 70 cm; if water needs to be changed during cultivation, a water inlet needs to be filtered by a 100-mesh net to prevent fish eggs from entering;
(3) 1.2-1.5 ten thousand of penaeus vannamei boone seedlings with the diameter of 1.5 cm are released per mu; culturing new sea horse seedlings to 2.5-3.5 cm, preferably setting seedling amount at 10000 tails/mu, and adjusting the seedling amount according to biomass of polyculture objects;
(4) Besides monitoring the physicochemical indexes of water quality, the microbial indexes need to be closely monitored.
The preferred mode of the above preparation method is as follows:
the step (1) of preparing the nano gas-filled tube in the pond specifically comprises the following steps: arranging a nanotube inflating ring with the diameter of 20 cm at the position of every 20-30 square meters, wherein the inflating ring is arranged at the position of the water depth of 1.5 meters; 5-00 and 12.
In the area of the south in the step (1), the temperature of the summer day is more than 26-35 ℃ for a long time, a whole pool is required to be built to cover the black net, and the light transmittance of the black net reaches 10000-12000lux at noon in a fine day so as to ensure the normal photosynthesis requirement of the microalgae; wherein the area of the shed is preferably not more than 2 mu, and the depth of the pool is 2.5-3.0 m.
In the step (2), the salinity of the aquaculture water is 33-36 per mill, and when the salinity is higher than 36 per mill, fresh water is supplemented and is reduced to below 33 per mill.
In the step (2), the daily low temperature of the pond is above 18 ℃ when seedlings are released, the pond is not suitable for being released again when the daily low temperature of the pond is higher than 29 ℃ in summer, and the culture is not suitable in summer in areas where the highest water temperature of the pond is continuously above 15 days and higher than 33 ℃; the temperature difference of the water is suitable for 2.5 ℃ in the day, and the long-term culture is not suitable when the temperature difference of the water is more than 3.0 ℃.
And (3) after the Megassum mares are cultured to 4 cm, supplementing the large artemia, and strengthening the large artemia by using lactic acid bacteria for 10-15 minutes before feeding.
After the seedlings are put in the step (3), monitoring the density of copepods, wherein the prawn body is 5 cm long before the density of copepods is obviously reduced, and if the density of copepods is obviously reduced, the coped bait can be supplemented, and after the prawn body is 5 cm, the bait is normally thrown; during the culture period, water is not required to be changed, and water is supplemented according to the change of evaporation capacity and salinity.
Controlling the content of vibrio in the water in the step (4) to be below 300 cfu; when the vibrio exceeds 1000cfu, the vibrio can be continuously treated for 2 to 3 days by using 1ppm of silver hydroperoxide ion liquid.
Advantageous effects
According to the invention, a net cage is not needed, the algal environment is utilized to be favorable for growth of the hippocampus, meanwhile, copepods and mysidacea in the pond are utilized as hippocampus bait, and the copepods and mysidacea are combined to reduce the cost of the hippocampus culture bait by 80%, the labor cost is 50%, large-scale capital construction is not needed, and the culture benefit of the grey hippocampus is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the claims appended to the present application.
Example 1
1. Cultivation system
The area of the penaeus vannamei boone culture pond is 3 mu, the average water depth is 2.2 meters, and the deepest depth is 3.0 meters; the pond is provided with moso bamboos with branches and a net piece for climbing the sea horse. The pond is provided with a 2.2KW air blower, and a nano air inflation pipe ring with the diameter of 20 cm is arranged every 30 square meters.
2. Cultivation environment
During the culture period, the minimum water temperature is 19-20 deg.C, the maximum water temperature is 32-33 deg.C, the daily temperature difference is 2-2.5 deg.C, the salinity of the culture water is 33-36 ‰, and when the salinity is higher than 36%. After water enters the pond, the pond is cleaned by derris fine to kill fishes, the water is fertilized to promote the propagation of algae, the transparency of the water reaches 60-70 cm, EM (synergistic brand) is added, copepods are naturally cultured, and the density of the copepods reaches 0.5 per milliliter.
3. Seedling releasing and breeding management
South America white prawn larva: 1.5 ten thousand seedlings of 1.5 cm are put in the field per mu.
Sea horse seedling: culturing the new seedlings indoors for 15-20 days until the seedlings reach 2.5-3.5 cm, and then stocking the pond with the seedling stocking density of 10000 seedlings per mu.
Cultivation management: after the larvae are put, monitoring the density of copepods, if the prawn body is 5 cm long, the density of the copepods is obviously reduced, the coped bait can be supplemented, and after the prawn is 5 cm, the normal bait casting is carried out; water does not need to be changed during the culture period, and water can be supplemented according to the change of evaporation capacity and salinity; the vibrio amount is controlled below 300cfu during culture, and when the vibrio amount exceeds 1000cfu, the vibrio is treated with silver hydrogen peroxide ion liquid in 1ppm for 2-3 days.
Experiments are carried out in the northern region of the yellow river, the actual culture time is about 4 months, the average body height is 11.6 cm, the survival rate is 67 percent, and the incidence rate of the hippocampal enteritis disease is lower than 1 percent; about 320 jin of prawn is harvested per mu.
Comparative example 1
A comparison experiment adopts a conventional indoor culture method, the volume of a culture barrel is 480 liters, the seedling placing quantity of each barrel of hippocampus is 150 tails, 3 milliliters of EM bacteria are added every other day, water is not changed, only is water supplemented after dirt absorption, and the feeding quantity of the radius feet is 1-3 per ml. After the sea horse is cultured for 4 months, the average body height is 10.9 cm, the survival rate is 60 percent, and the incidence rate of intestinal diseases of sea horse is 10 to 12 percent.
Compared with two culture modes, the outdoor bait cost is almost negligible, and even if the copepods before 6 cm can be automatically solved in the indoor culture, the bait cost of 6-10 cm generally accounts for 50% of the bait cost, namely the bait cost can be saved by at least 50% in the outdoor culture; another important cost for saving is manpower, and the outdoor cultivation saves 40 to 50 percent of the manpower on average.
Claims (4)
1. A method for culturing the sea horses in a culture pond in a mixed mode comprises the following steps:
(1) A culture system: the area of the penaeus vannamei boone culture pond is 3-4 mu, the pond is provided with a nano inflation tube, and is provided with materials for the sea horses to climb, and a net cage is not required to be arranged; in areas with long-term temperature above 26 ℃ in summer, the whole pond is required to be built to cover the black net, and the light transmittance of the black net reaches 10000-12000lux at noon in a fine day; wherein the area of the shed is not more than 2 mu, and the depth of the pool is 2.5-3.0 m;
(2) A culture environment: during the culture period, the lowest water temperature is more than 18 ℃, the daily water temperature difference is less than 2.5 ℃, fish killing treatment is carried out after water enters a pond, more than 0.5 copepods per milliliter are cultured by rich water, and the transparency of pond water is not higher than 70 cm;
(3) Seedling releasing and breeding management: 1.2-1.5 ten thousand of 1.5 cm seedlings of the penaeus vannamei boone are released per mu; breeding new sea horse seedlings to 2.5-3.5 cm, and then stocking the pond with the seedling stocking amount of 10000 seedlings per mu; after the sea horses are cultured to 4 cm, the large artemia are supplemented, and the lactic acid bacteria are used for strengthening for 10 to 15 minutes before feeding; after the larvae are put, monitoring the density of copepods, if the prawn body is 5 cm long, the density of the copepods is obviously reduced, the coped bait can be supplemented, and after the prawn is 5 cm, the normal bait casting is carried out; water does not need to be changed during the culture period, and water is supplemented according to the change of evaporation capacity and salinity;
(4) Cultivation monitoring: besides monitoring the physicochemical indexes of water quality, the microbial indexes need to be closely monitored.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pond in the step (1) is equipped with a nano-aeration tube, specifically: arranging a nanotube inflating ring with the diameter of 20 cm at the position of every 20-30 square meters, wherein the inflating ring is arranged at the position of the water depth of 1.5 meters; 5 per day.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the salinity of the aquaculture water in the step (2) is 33-36%, and when the salinity is higher than 36%, the fresh water is supplemented and reduced to below 33%.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vibrio content in the water in the step (4) is controlled below 300 cfu; when the vibrio exceeds 1000cfu, the vibrio is continuously treated with 1ppm of silver hydroperoxide ion liquid for 2-3 days.
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| CN202011559881.2A CN112616728B (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Method for breeding large-scale grey sea horses in pond |
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| CN114391502A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-26 | 广西海洋研究所有限责任公司 | Temperature-controlled cultivation method for hippocampus kelloggi in cement pond |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102210271B (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2014-01-01 | 上海海洋大学 | Artificial culture method and culture equipment of mysid |
| CN103444612B (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2014-12-24 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Bait feeding method for baby grey sea horses |
| CN103999808A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-08-27 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Bait feeding method for farmed hippocampus erectus |
| CN105475198B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-07-06 | 青岛浩然生态海洋水产科技有限公司 | A kind of hippocampus seedling raising in cage method |
| CN105724282A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2016-07-06 | 福建港德水产有限公司 | Method for mixed cultivation of sea horses and hemifusus ternatanus |
| CN108112508A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-06-05 | 潜江传家电子商务有限公司 | A kind of hippocampus and the method for petrel mixed breeding |
| CN107047383A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-08-18 | 广西精工海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of hippocampus seedling cultural technique |
| CN111328755A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-26 | 深圳华大海洋科技有限公司 | Hippocampus breeding device, system and method |
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