CN100512636C - Industrial and three-crops a year type prown cutturing method and pond therefor - Google Patents

Industrial and three-crops a year type prown cutturing method and pond therefor Download PDF

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CN100512636C
CN100512636C CNB2006100368841A CN200610036884A CN100512636C CN 100512636 C CN100512636 C CN 100512636C CN B2006100368841 A CNB2006100368841 A CN B2006100368841A CN 200610036884 A CN200610036884 A CN 200610036884A CN 100512636 C CN100512636 C CN 100512636C
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level culture
pond
culture pool
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CN1911003A (en
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李卓佳
文国樑
曹煜成
杨铿
贾晓平
陈永青
杨莺莺
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South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy Fishery Sciences
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种三茬工厂化对虾养殖方法,(1)设置高低位串联养殖池;(2)海水经处理后排进一级养殖池,培养水色,投入虾苗养殖30~50天;(3)在一级池养殖时间20~40天,二级养殖池进水,培养水色,然后将一级养殖池的幼虾经转移管移至二级养殖池养殖至收成。本发明还公开了一种高低位串联养殖池,包括一级养殖池、二级养殖池、转移管道、二个排水管,所述的一级养殖池底部高于二级养殖池底部;所述转移管道将一级养殖池和二级养殖池相连通,转移管道上设置有用于控制管道中水流通的闸管;二个排水管与一级养殖池和二级养殖池的中央排污口相接,出水口端各设置有闸管。本发明实现了一年三茬室外工厂化虾类养殖,大大提高了养殖的生产效益和市场效益。

Figure 200610036884

The invention discloses a three-crop industrialized prawn cultivation method, which comprises: (1) high and low level series culture ponds are set; (2) seawater is discharged into the primary culture pond after being treated, the water color is cultivated, and shrimp seedlings are put into cultivation for 30 to 50 days; (3) 20-40 days in the first-level pond culture time, water in the second-level culture pond, cultivate water color, and then move the juvenile shrimps in the first-level culture pond to the second-level culture pond through the transfer pipe for cultivation until harvest. The invention also discloses a culture pond with high and low positions connected in series, which includes a first-level culture pond, a second-level culture pond, a transfer pipe, and two drainage pipes. The bottom of the first-level culture pond is higher than the bottom of the second-level culture pond; The transfer pipeline connects the first-level culture pond and the second-level culture pond, and the transfer pipeline is provided with a gate tube for controlling the water flow in the pipeline; the two drainage pipes are connected with the central sewage outlets of the first-level culture pond and the second-level culture pond , Each outlet end is provided with a brake tube. The invention realizes three crops of outdoor industrialized shrimp farming a year, and greatly improves the production and market benefits of the farming.

Figure 200610036884

Description

A kind of three batches of batch production prawn culturing methods and breed pond thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of three batches of batch production prawn culturings, the invention still further relates to the height bit serial that uses in this cultural method and culture the pond.
Background technology
Adopt at present single pool structure in the breeding process of prawn culturing usually, 1 year generally is to culture one batch, is at most two batches, thus the shrimp pond in the time that is fit to prawn culturing, have at least 100 days idle, cause the means of production to can not get the wasting of resources of reasonable use; In addition, adopt above-mentioned traditional breed structure to carry out prawn culturing production because current prawn culturing person, thereby make most finished product prawn focus mostly in July and listing in December, thereby cause on the one hand because of the market supply of prawn too concentrated at short notice, make its price glide significantly, to make unconventional prawn in the harvest season not have the fresh and alive of abundance on the market shrimp products is supplied with on the other hand.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of productivity effect and market efficiency that improves breed, can carry out the method for 1 year three batches of outdoor industrial shrimp culture; Another object of the present invention is to provide two ponds of using in a kind of this cultural method just to connect and cultures the pond.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical measures: a kind of method of three batches of batch production prawn culturings may further comprise the steps:
(1) the two ponds height bit serial that is communicated with by transfer pipe is set and cultures the pond;
(2) seawater is arranged into high-order low-level culture pool after treatment, cultivates water colour, promptly uses aquaculture special-purpose fertilizer and bacillus preparation and cultivates good water colour and suitable transparency, drops into the shrimp seedling, cultures 30~50 days.
(3) at the low-level culture pool culturing time about 20-40 days, water colour has been cultivated in the water inlet of low level high-level culture pool, then the juvenile prawn of low-level culture pool is moved into high-level culture pool through transfer pipeline and cultures to harvest.
The present invention is during high-level culture pool is carried out to shrimp aquaculture, low-level culture pool carries out the pond simultaneously and handles, cultivates water colour, throws the seedling breed, treat on the high-level culture pool one batch of harvest post processing pond, cultivate water colour, again the juvenile prawn of low-level culture pool is moved into high-level culture pool and form; Realize 1 year three batches of industrial aquaculture.
Described water colour makes water colour be pea green or dark brown for using aquaculture special-purpose fertilizer 2~4mg/L and the effective microorganism preparation 1~2mg/L that contains bacillus 2,000,000,000/gram, and transparency is at 40~60cm, and water temperature is at 25~35 ℃.
Discharge bottom sewage by central sewage draining exit every day during culturing, and replenishes fresh water simultaneously, and day rate of water exchange is 5%~10%, to keep water quality pure and fresh; In whole breeding process, bottom inflation in 24 hours keeps dissolved oxygen being not less than 5mg/L; And used the effective microorganism preparation 1~2mg/L that contains bacillus 2,000,000,000/gram in per 5~10 days, culture self-pollution by bacillus degrading cultivation process, beneficial bacterium is kept on top, suppress the breeding growth of pathogen and condition pathogen and conditioned pathogen, build good water quality, be beneficial to the growth of shrimp.
A kind of height bit serial that uses in the inventive method is cultured the pond, comprises low-level culture pool, high-level culture pool, transfer pipe, two drainpipes, and described low-level culture pool bottom is higher than the high-level culture pool bottom; One end of described transfer pipe places the bottom of low-level culture pool, and the other end places the sidewall of high-level culture pool, is communicated with low-level culture pool and high-level culture pool, and transfer pipe is provided with and is used for controlling the logical brake tube of pipeline current; Two drainpipes separately inlet end and the central sewage draining exit of low-level culture pool and high-level culture pool join, water outlet end respectively is provided with the brake tube that is used to control the water discharging, regularly opens brake tube during the breed, carries out blowdown by central sewage draining exit.
The height fall of transfer pipe two-port 1.8m at least between described low-level culture pool and the high-level culture pool, usually when culturing, the low-level culture pool water inlet has been trained water colour input shrimp seedling and has been cultured, after 20~40 days, water colour has been trained in the high-level culture pool water inlet, again the juvenile prawn in the low-level culture pool is moved into high-level culture pool through transfer pipeline, and the height fall of 1.8m can realize that just the juvenile prawn in the low-level culture pool is connected shrimp band water all to move in the high-level culture pool at least.
The area of described low-level culture pool is 25% of a high-level culture pool area, and the low-level culture pool area is less than 2000m 2, the area in pond is little, regulates and control water quality during culturing easily, and the shrimp seedling is being cultivated in the water quality preferably, improves survival rate.
The cross section of described low-level culture pool and high-level culture pool is isosceles trapezoid, and its two waist limits and base angulation are preferably 105; Tilt to central sewage draining exit around simultaneously at the bottom of the described pond, central authorities' sewage draining exit is in minimum position, be beneficial to the central sewage draining exit place of culturing at the bottom of pollutant concentrates on the pond, in breeding process, regularly open the blowdown brake tube, can will be deposited on pollutant at the bottom of the pond outside sewage draining exit is discharged to the pond.
Described breed pond is circular or has the square of fillet that the advantage of such shaped design is that two adjacent sidewalls can not form the dead angle deposition and culture pollutant, also is convenient to culture the cleaning in pond.
The present invention can do further improvement: the side at low-level culture pool and high-level culture pool respectively is provided with the fresh water discharge pipe, and described fresh water discharge pipe inlet end is fixed on to culture on the sidewall of pond and is connected with the breed pond; Water outlet end is fixed on the blow-off pipe coupled logical.The central axis of the inlet end of described fresh water discharge pipe and the vertical range at the bottom of the pond are at least 1.8m, culture the pond and are provided with the fresh water discharge pipe and are beneficial at rainwater and discharge top layer fresh water season.
The present invention also can do further improvement: at the bottom of described pond oxygen-increasing device is set, described oxygen-increasing device is made of fan blower, total appendix, some buried appendixs and some stoma tubes, described buried appendix is evenly distributed at the bottom of the pond under the mulch film, and the distances between per two adjacent appendixs are identical; Stoma tube is installed on the appendix, and the distance between per two adjacent stoma tubes is identical, and each stoma tube has at least one air vent; Each root props up appendix and all is connected with total appendix, and is connected with fan blower by total appendix.The fan blower air-blowing is transported to each appendix to total appendix, is discharged to from the air vent of stoma tube and cultures the pond, thereby realize culturing the oxygen supply in pond.1 helical blower is respectively established at nearly 2~3 meters of pool side of central authorities around culturing the pond in addition, so that the pool inner water body is the center of circle with central sewage draining exit, slowly rotatablely move, on the one hand the shrimp pool water body is circulated, make the excreta of prawn, residual bait, animals and plants corpse concentrate on central sewage draining exit on the other hand.
The diameter of described transfer pipe, two drainpipes, drainpipe brake tube is at least 30cm, has both satisfied juvenile prawn and has entered the secondary pond by transfer pipe, also is beneficial to the discharging of breeding wastewater.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, the shrimp seedling is cultured certain hour at the good low-level culture pool of water quality, and very convenient and not damaged is transferred to high-level culture pool and continued to culture by the transfer pipe that is communicated with between two ponds then; In low-level culture pool, continue the thick shrimp seedling of mark simultaneously, after treating that high-level culture pool is formed, transfer to high-level culture pool continuation breed through transfer pipe once more with supporting good shrimp seedling in the low-level culture pool again immediately, culture by segmentation, the not damaged that replaces like this, can realize 1 year three batches of outdoor industrial cultured prawn, annual production can improve more than 30%, and can avoid gathering in the crops the peak period, average price improves 30%, and year economic benefit improves more than 70%, social benefit and remarkable in economical benefits; 2, pool cultivated by dividing, can dwindle the low-level culture pool area, be more prone to control water quality, make its industry characteristics that meet the shrimp seedling more, improve shrimp seedling survival rate greatly; 3, cultures the pond and adopt circular or have the square of fillet, and cross section is isosceles trapezoid, have angle at the bottom of each sidewall and the pond, and at the bottom of the pond around tilt to central sewage draining exit, make the pollutant in the pond concentrate on central sewage draining exit, convenient cleaning to the breed pond; 4, the cultural method that is provided is simple, and 1 year three batches of cultured prawn incessantly is provided with oxygen-increasing device at the bottom of the pond, make in the whole breeding process, realizes bottom inflation in 24 hours, keeps dissolved oxygen being not less than 5mg/L; Build good water quality, be more conducive to the growth of shrimps.The present invention can apply to the breed of multiple aquatic animal widely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cutaway view of inventive embodiments;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Following examples only are used to illustrate the present invention, do not limit protection scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art all can realize purpose of the present invention according to above disclosed content.
Just connecting and culture the pond in big or small pond as shown in Figure 1 is one embodiment of the present of invention, comprises low-level culture pool 1, high-level culture pool 2, transfer pipe 6, two drainpipes 3, and the area of wherein high-order low-level culture pool 1 is 1500m 2, the area of low level high-level culture pool 2 is 6000m 2One end of transfer pipe 6 is being connected with low-level culture pool 1 bottom near central sewage draining exit 5 places, on the sidewall bottom adjacent that the other end is connected in high-level culture pool 2 with low-level culture pool 1, low-level culture pool 1 and high-level culture pool 2 are connected, the pipe diameter of transfer pipe is 30cm, two port drop distances of transfer pipe are 2m, and transfer pipe is provided with and is used for controlling the logical brake tube 4 of pipeline current.Two drainpipes 3 separately an end and the central sewage draining exit 5 of low-level culture pool 1 and high-level culture pool 2 join, and be provided with screen cloth at central sewage draining exit 5 places, shrimp is discharged from outside the pond when preventing draining.The other end respectively is provided with brake tube 4, and with the water outlet end sealing of drainpipe 3, the diameter of described drainpipe and brake tube is 30cm; Regularly open brake tube 4 during the breed, carry out blowdown by central sewage draining exit 5.Side at low-level culture pool and high-level culture pool respectively is provided with the fresh water discharge pipe, and fresh water discharge pipe inlet end is fixed on to culture on the sidewall of pond and communicates with the breed pond; Water outlet end is fixed on the blow-off pipe, communicates with blow-off pipe.The water inlet of fresh water discharge pipe and the vertical range at the bottom of the pond be 2m at least, cultures the pond and is provided with the fresh water discharge pipe and is beneficial at rainwater and discharges top layer fresh water season.
Oxygen-increasing device is set at the bottom of the pond, and described oxygen-increasing device is made of fan blower, total appendix 9, buried appendix 10 and some stoma tubes, and described buried appendix 10 is evenly distributed at the bottom of the pond under the mulch film; Stoma tube is installed on the appendix 10, and each stoma tube has an air vent 8; Each root props up appendix 10 and all is connected with total appendix 9, and is connected with fan blower by total appendix 9.Appendix 10 in the low-level culture pool has 4, have 3 stoma tubes on every the appendix 10, the appendix 10 in the high-level culture pool has 7, on every the appendix 10 7 stoma tubes is arranged, every distance of propping up between the appendix 10 is 10m, and the distance between each air vent is 10m.The fan blower air-blowing is transported to each appendix 10 to total appendix 9, is discharged to from the air vent 8 of stoma tube and cultures the pond, thereby realize culturing the oxygen supply in pond.1 helical blower is respectively established at nearly 2 meters of pool side of central authorities around culturing the pond in addition, so that the pool inner water body is the center of circle with central sewage draining exit, slowly rotatablely move, on the one hand the shrimp pool water body is circulated, make the excreta of prawn, residual bait, animals and plants corpse concentrate on central sewage draining exit on the other hand.
Can realize 1 year three batches of industrial aquaculture in above-mentioned breed pond, concrete breeding process is as follows:
(1) the breed pond of just connecting, the above-mentioned two ponds that are communicated with by transfer pipeline is set;
(2) mid-February, high-order low-level culture pool is added a cover brooder, and water quality has been trained in water inlet, and late Febuary is thrown in the shrimp seedling, cultures 50 days under the condition of water temperature more than 20 ℃, removes brooder when temperature is stabilized in 25~35 ℃, and the shrimp seedling grows to the long 4-6cm of body;
(3) late March, water colour, early April have been trained in the water inlet of low level high-level culture pool, open the brake tube on the transfer pipe, the juvenile prawn of low-level culture pool is connected water band shrimp shift-in high-level culture pool together, culture the specification that reached 70-80 tail/kg in 50 days, in early June first batch of harvest; Wash the pond after the harvest, intake and trained water colour, prepare second batch and form.
(4) carry out between first batch of mature stage at high-level culture pool, water colour has been trained in late April low-level culture pool water inlet, throws seedling the first tenday period of a month in May and cultures 30 days, the juvenile prawn body reaches 4-5cm, late June is cultured the specification that reached 50-60 tail/kg in 90 days, in late September second batch of harvest with juvenile prawn shift-in high-level culture pool; Wash the pond after the harvest, intake and trained water colour, prepare the 3rd batch and form.
(5) carry out between second batch of mature stage at high-level culture pool, water colour has been trained in late July low-level culture pool water inlet, and early August throws seedling and cultured 30-40 days, and mid-September is with juvenile prawn shift-in high-level culture pool, culture the specification that reached 60-70 tail/kg in 100 days, late December the 3rd batch of harvest; Irreversiblely just add a cover brooder when being lower than 25 ℃ culturing the later stage, keep the water temperature of breeding water body to remain on 25~35 ℃.
Processing procedure to water in low-level culture pool is cultured is: begin into seawater 1.5m, seawater enters to culture the pond through arranging after the sand filter again after the sterilization of chlorine dioxide water body in water treating pond.Use commercially available aquaculture special-purpose fertilizer " rich water master worker " 2mg/L and bacillus preparation " the reinforced sharp element of giving birth to " 1.5mg/L, make the transparency of Chi Shui reach 40-60cm, be pea green or dark brown, throw in the shrimp seedling by the production of South Sea aquatic products research institute; In earlier stage do not add during the breed and change water, the later stage adds water and adds high water level; Used bacillus " the reinforced sharp element of giving birth to " 0.75mg/L every 10 days, the bottom oxygenation keeps more than the dissolved oxygen 6mg/L; Each stubble is thrown in shrimp seedling 1,000,000 tails, the long 0.8cm~1.2cm of shrimp seedling body.
Processing procedure to water in high-level culture pool is cultured is: begin into seawater 1.5m, seawater enters to culture the pond through arranging after the sand filter again after the sterilization of chlorine dioxide water body in water treating pond.Use above-mentioned aquaculture special-purpose fertilizer " rich water master worker " 4mg/L and bacillus preparation " the reinforced sharp element of giving birth to " 2mg/L to support water, make transparency 40-60cm, be pea green or dark brown; Carry out following control measures during the breed, keep water quality pure and fresh, build good ecotope, be beneficial to the growth of shrimp.(1) discharge bottom sewage by central sewage draining exit every day, replenish fresh water simultaneously, day rate of water exchange is 5~10%; Bottom inflation in (2) 24 hours keeps dissolved oxygen more than 5mg/L; (3) used commercially available bacillus preparation " sharp giving birth to is good for " 1.5mg/L in per 7 days by the production of South Sea aquatic products research institute.In addition, look water quality, Changes in weather was used photosynthetic bacteria or lactic acid bacteria and zeolite powder etc. in per about 10 days.
Uninterruptedly carried out three batches of breed in 1 year, single batch of prawn output 13500kg produces prawn 40500kg per year, 32 yuan/kg of prawn average price.The annual production of culturing than equal area regrowth hair improves 20%, and the prawn unit price improves 30%, and economic benefit has improved 70%.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of three batches of batch production prawn culturing methods is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) high-order low-level culture pool and the low level high-level culture pool that is communicated with by transfer pipe is set;
(2) seawater is arranged into high-order low-level culture pool after treatment, cultivates water colour, drops into the shrimp seedling and cultures 30~50 days;
(3) low-level culture pool culturing time 20~40 days, water colour is cultivated in the water inlet of low level high-level culture pool, then the juvenile prawn of low-level culture pool is moved to high-level culture pool through transfer pipeline and cultures to harvest;
Juvenile prawn is supported back segment during become shrimp at high-level culture pool, the low-level culture pool cultivation water colour of intaking is once more thrown seedling and is cultured, and treats that carrying out water treatment again after the high-level culture pool harvest has trained water colour, the juvenile prawn of low-level culture pool is arranged into high-level culture pool again and forms.
2, according to the described prawn culturing method of claim 1, it is characterized in that described water colour is for using aquaculture fertilizer 2~4mg/L and the effective microorganism preparation 1~2mg/L that contains bacillus 2,000,000,000/gram, make water colour be pea green or dark brown, transparency is at 40~60cm, and water temperature is at 25~35 ℃.
3,, it is characterized in that the seawater in the described step (2) enters to culture the pond through arranging after the sand filter again in water treating pond after the sterilization of chlorine dioxide water body according to the described prawn culturing method of claim 1.
4, according to the described prawn culturing method of claim 1, it is characterized in that during culturing every day by central sewage draining exit, discharge bottom sewage, replenish fresh water simultaneously, day rate of water exchange is 5%~10%; In whole breeding process, bottom inflation in 24 hours keeps dissolved oxygen to be not less than 5mg/L; And used the effective microorganism preparation 1~2mg/L that contains bacillus 2,000,000,000/gram in per 5~15 days.
5, a kind of height bit serial is cultured the pond, it is characterized in that comprising low-level culture pool, high-level culture pool, transfer pipe, two drainpipes, and described low-level culture pool bottom is higher than the high-level culture pool bottom; One end of described transfer pipe places the bottom of low-level culture pool, and the other end places the sidewall of high-level culture pool, is communicated with low-level culture pool and high-level culture pool, and transfer pipe is provided with and is used for controlling the logical brake tube of pipeline current; Two drainpipes separately inlet end and the central sewage draining exit of low-level culture pool and high-level culture pool join, water outlet end respectively is provided with the brake tube that is used to control the water discharging.
6, a kind of height bit serial according to claim 5 is cultured the pond, and the area that it is characterized in that described low-level culture pool is 25% of a high-level culture pool area, and the one-level cultured area is less than 2000m 2The height fall of transfer pipe two-port 1.8m at least between described low-level culture pool and the high-level culture pool.
7, a kind of height bit serial according to claim 5 is cultured the pond, it is characterized in that the side of low-level culture pool and high-level culture pool respectively is provided with the fresh water discharge pipe, and described fresh water discharge pipe inlet end is fixed on to culture on the sidewall of pond and communicates with the breed pond; Fresh water discharge pipe water outlet end is fixed on the blow-off pipe and communicates with it.
8, a kind of height bit serial according to claim 5 is cultured the pond, it is characterized in that described breed pond is circle or the square with fillet, and the cross section of culturing the pond is isosceles trapezoid, and two waist limits and base angulation are 105 °; Tilt to central sewage draining exit around at the bottom of the described pond, central sewage draining exit is in minimum position.
9, a kind of height bit serial of stating according to claim 5 is cultured the pond, it is characterized in that at the bottom of described pond, oxygen-increasing device being set, described oxygen-increasing device is made of fan blower, total appendix, some buried appendixs and some stoma tubes, described buried appendix is evenly distributed at the bottom of the pond under the mulch film, and the distances between per two adjacent appendixs are identical; Stoma tube is installed on the appendix, and the distance between per two adjacent stoma tubes is identical, and each stoma tube has at least one air vent; Each root props up appendix and all is connected with total appendix, and is connected with fan blower by total appendix.
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CN200938790Y (en) * 2006-08-02 2007-08-29 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 A high and low series culture pond

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1440647A (en) * 2003-02-24 2003-09-10 山东省日照市水产研究所 High-yield breeding method and breeding pond for Japanese prawn
CN200938790Y (en) * 2006-08-02 2007-08-29 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 A high and low series culture pond

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