CN112616637A - Nutrition regulation and control method suitable for sunlight rose grape greenhouse soilless culture - Google Patents
Nutrition regulation and control method suitable for sunlight rose grape greenhouse soilless culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN112616637A CN112616637A CN202011559811.7A CN202011559811A CN112616637A CN 112616637 A CN112616637 A CN 112616637A CN 202011559811 A CN202011559811 A CN 202011559811A CN 112616637 A CN112616637 A CN 112616637A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nutrition regulation and control method suitable for greenhouse soilless culture of sunshine rose grapes, the growth period of the rose grapes is divided into a germination period, a flower bud differentiation period, a flowering period, a fertile period, a fruit setting period, an expanding and color-changing period and a mature harvesting period according to the growth characteristics of the rose grapes, wherein a fertilizer formula is 30-10-10 in the germination period, a fertilizer formula is 20-10-20 in the flower bud differentiation period, a fertilizer formula is 10-30-20, 13-3-15-8Ca-2Mg and 20-10-20 in the flowering period, a fertilizer formula is 10-30-20, 13-3-15-8Ca-2Mg and 20-10-20 are mixed or alternately used in the flowering period, the expanding and color-changing period is 17-9-34 and 20-20-20-20, a fertilizer formula is 17-9-34 in the mature harvesting period, and the EC value of the fertilizer is 1.0-2.5ms/cm in each growth. According to the growth and development characteristics of the sunshine muscat, the invention provides a key technology from soilless culture permanent planting to the full growth period of mature fruits, in particular to a whole-process nutrition scheme of each growth period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sunshine rose grape cultivation, in particular to a nutrition regulation and control method suitable for sunshine rose grape greenhouse soilless culture.
Background
The sunshine muscat is also called as Xia Yin Ma Si Kate, is an outstanding representative of high-quality European and American hybrid grape, has compact fruit grain, high fruit sugar degree, crisp meat, elliptic shape, strong rose fragrance, excellent flavor and long bearing period, and is one of the most storage and transportation-resistant varieties in the European and American hybrid. The variety has high yield and is downy mildew resistant, and is one of the first-choice varieties for the renewal of grapes in southern areas.
The sunshine rose grape likes warm and humid environment, and the facility cultivation mode is mainly relied on in China. The facility-cultivated sunshine rose generally has a growth and development period (from germination to maturity) of about 150 days, belongs to a late-maturing variety, generally begins to germinate from the middle and late 3 months, generally begins to bloom in the middle and late 4 months, generally begins to bloom in the upper 5 months, the first young fruit expansion period in the middle and late 5 months, the fruit expands for the second time at the beginning of 7 months and begins to color, and begins to mature in the middle and late 8 months.
Under the condition of soilless culture of the substrate, the sunshine muscat is greatly different from soil culture, and particularly, sufficient nutrition supply is needed in a nutrition regulation link to meet the growth requirement of the sunshine muscat, so that the cultivation technology has more strict requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a nutrition regulation and control method suitable for greenhouse soilless culture of sunshine rose grapes, which can obviously improve the yield and quality of fruits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a nutrition regulation and control method suitable for greenhouse soilless culture of sunshine muscat comprises dividing the growth period of sunshine muscat into germination stage, flower bud differentiation stage, flowering period, and fruit setting stage according to the growth characteristics of sunshine muscat, the fertilizer formula is selected from 30-10-10 in the sprouting stage, the fertilizer formula is selected from 20-10-20 in the flower bud differentiation stage, the fertilizer formula is selected from 10-30-20, 13-3-15-8Ca-2Mg and 20-10-20 in the flowering stage, the flowering stage and the fruit setting stage, the fertilizer formula is selected from 17-9-34 and 20-20 in the expanding color-changing stage, the fertilizer formula is selected from 17-9-34 in the maturing and harvesting stage, the EC value of the fertilizer is 1.0-2.5ms/cm in each growth stage, and the fertilizer formula is used in the flowering stage, the 13-3-15-8Ca-2Mg and the 20-10-20 in the fruit setting stage.
Further, the fertilization period is 1-2 times per week.
Furthermore, the fertilizers used in the fertilizer formula are all water-soluble fertilizers.
Furthermore, the ratio of the culture medium of the sunshine muscat is as follows: coconut husk: perlite =3: 1.
Further, the EC value of the coconut coir is not higher than 1.0 ms/cm.
Further, the culture medium is sterilized before use.
Furthermore, the sunshine rose grape cultivation adopts a container with the height of 0.6 meter and the diameter of 1.5 meters.
Furthermore, the seedless treatment of fruit dipping is carried out three times by the medicament in the cultivation process of the sunshine rose grape, wherein the first time is one week before flowering, the second time is 3-5 days before flower withering, and the third time is 14-16 days after the second treatment.
Further, the main components of the medicament are plant growth regulator, bactericide and nutrient elements.
Furthermore, pruning is carried out in the cultivation process of the sunshine rose grapes; the winter pruning is mainly short-tip pruning and combined with middle-tip pruning, and the winter pruning time is 12 middle-of-month ten days; pruning in summer is carried out in stages, bud picking is carried out 10-15 days after germination, the loading capacity is adjusted according to the number of young shoots after bud picking, and pruning is carried out when the young shoots grow to 14-16 cm; and (4) timely pinching the main tip and the auxiliary tip in the growth process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the technical scheme of the invention can provide a key technology from soilless culture field planting to the full growth period of mature fruits according to the growth and development characteristics of the sunshine muscat, particularly a whole-process nutrition scheme of each growth period.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below clearly and completely, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention aims to form a set of complete greenhouse sunshine muscat soilless culture technical system so as to solve the problem of region limitation in the north which is not suitable for sunshine muscat culture. The scheme relates to a whole-process management scheme of all links of the whole growth cycle from seedling planting to fruiting, and can effectively improve the fruit yield and quality of the sunshine muscat.
1. Soilless culture substrate proportion
At present, the domestic common matrix is prepared by mixing turfy soil, chaff, sawdust, vermiculite, perlite, river sand and other materials. The mixing matrices used vary slightly from place to place, mostly: the volume ratio of the turfy soil, the sand and the chaff (or perlite) is 2: 1: 1 (or 1: 1: 1), and the volume ratio of the loess, the chaff (sand) and the sawdust (or turfy soil) is 2: 1: 1, volume ratio of grass coal soil, chaff, garden soil and fine river sand is 2: 3: 1: 4. on the basis, substances such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, urea, dolomite powder and the like are added according to the nutrient condition, PH and other conditions of the matrix and are uniformly mixed. In addition, pure coconut coir is also used as a substrate at present. A large number of experiments prove that the most suitable substrate proportion for cultivating the sunshine muscat grape is as follows: coconut husk: perlite =3: 1. In addition, because the coconut coir contains a large amount of salt, the EC of the coconut coir matrix must be determined before use, and if the EC is higher than 1.0ms/cm, the salt should be washed by calcium ammonium nitrate.
2. Substrate disinfection
The matrix is prepared according to the proportion, and needs to be disinfected and sterilized after being uniformly stirred. The way of substrate sterilization can be divided into chemical sterilization and physical sterilization. The chemical disinfection is carried out by fumigating and disinfecting by disinfectant, thiophanate methyl, potassium permanganate, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, sodium hypochlorite, and kansaide. Piling up the substrate, drilling two rows of holes on the upper part of the substrate pile every 20-30cm by using wood rods or other tubular objects, injecting a certain amount of disinfectant into each hole, plugging the hole by using nutrient soil, covering a film on the hole, and fumigating for 7 days. The advantages of the medicine disinfection are low cost and convenient use, but if the treatment is not uniform, the germs and pests in the soil can be easily killed incompletely. The physical disinfection is realized by high-temperature steam disinfection (65 ℃,1 hour) and ultraviolet sterilization (sun-drying for 2-3 months in the sun and tedding once every 2-3 weeks), and the physical disinfection method is less in use.
3. Container selection
The sunshine rose grape belongs to perennial fruit trees, which has certain requirements on the size of a container. The applicant selects a root control device with the height of 0.6 meter and the diameter of 1.5 meters for root limiting cultivation, and a good effect can be achieved.
4. Whole-process nutrition scheme
The fertilizers used by the technical scheme of the invention are all full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizers, are in an ionic state, do not produce precipitation reaction and ion antagonism, and can supplement proper nutrients according to the growth and development characteristics of the sunshine muscat each growth stage.
The values in the fertilizer formulation above represent the effective NPK content, for example: the fertilizer formula 30-10-10 refers to a fertilizer containing 30%,10% and 10% of effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively, and the fertilizer formula 13-3-15-8Ca-2Mg refers to a fertilizer containing 13%,3% and 15% of effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively, 8% of calcium and 2% of magnesium. The fertilizer in the technical scheme of the invention can be selected from common fertilizer brands sold in the market, only the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium elements in the fertilizer is limited, and the fertilizer also contains trace elements necessary for plant growth, such as: iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, and the like. Preferably a full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer produced by Karl agriculture science and technology Limited of Hubei Green.
5. Drug treatment
In order to realize fruit commercialization, the sun rose needs to be subjected to seedless treatment, and generally is subjected to fruit dipping treatment for three times through a medicament, wherein the treatment is carried out in three time periods of one week before flowering, 3-5 days before flowering and about 15 days after secondary treatment. The main components of the agent are plant growth regulator, bactericide with a certain concentration and other nutrient elements, and the agent has the functions of flower retention, fruit swelling and sterilization on the basis of fruit seedless treatment.
The plant growth regulator mainly adopts gibberellic acid, gibberellic acid benzyl ammonia and the like, and plays a role in promoting growth and development. The bactericide is a common bactericide sold in markets, and can be one or more of Bordeaux mixture, amobam, chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, ledol, reduomil, sunitin, carbendazim, procymidone, prochloraz, triadimefon, Nongkang 120, streptomycin, fludioxonil, tefural, Guomelin, Shiteling, fludioxonil, Vigrel, metrafenone, difenoconazole and the like. The nutrient elements are mainly liquid boron, and play a role in protecting flowers and fruits.
As one example, the following agents and methods are used for the treatment.
For the first time: one week before flowering
2 branched chain mycin, 2ml fludioxonil, 6ml liquid boron and 3ml tefornia, and 10kg of water.
And (3) for the second time: 3-5 days before flower withering
1 bag of gibberellic acid, 50ml of Guomeiling, 10ml of Shiteling and 5ml of fludioxonil/1 bag of Vigordon plus 20kg of water.
And thirdly: 14-16 days after the second treatment
Half-package of benzylaminogibberellic acid, 1 package of gibberellic acid, 70ml of Guometalaxyl, 5ml of metrafenone/2 g of difenoconazole and 10kg of water.
6. Pruning method
The winter pruning is mainly short tip pruning combined with middle tip pruning. Winter pruning times are typically 12 mid-month. Pruning is carried out in several stages in summer, wherein bud picking is generally carried out 10-15 days after germination; after bud picking, the load is adjusted according to the number of young shoots, and pruning is generally carried out when the young shoots grow to about 15 cm. In addition, the main tip and the auxiliary tip are required to be cored in time in the growth process.
In order to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, the applicant also carried out the following tests:
test site: specimen garden of Huazhong agriculture university
Test materials: sunshine rose grape
The test treatment process comprises the following steps:
the test lasts for three years, field planting is started from the seedlings of the sunshine muscat, technical attack is carried out from six links of substrate proportioning, disinfection, container selection, whole-course nutrition solution, pruning and shaping, medicament treatment and the like, and the targets from field planting of the seedlings to bearing of high-quality fruits are realized.
The test is divided into 3 treatments and one control, wherein each treatment adopts 2 trees at symmetrical positions, and 8 common seedlings are tested.
Control group: the fertilization habit under the traditional soil cultivation condition is selected, and the compound fertilizer is mainly used.
Experimental groups:
example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Index measurement: and (4) measuring the weight of a single spike of the fruit, the soluble sugar content of the fruit, the titratable acid content and the vitamin C.
The experimental results are as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, after the nutrition regulation and control method is adopted, the fruit single spike weight of the experimental group is higher than that of the control group, the fruit quality is better than that of the control group, wherein the maximum value of the reduction of the organic acid content is 0.12 percent compared with that of the control group, the maximum value of the increase of the soluble sugar content is 3.6 percent compared with that of the control group, and the maximum value of the increase of the vitamin C content is 0.14 percent compared with that of the control group.
Experimental results show that the nutrition regulation and control method can effectively improve the yield and quality of fruits under the condition of soilless culture in a greenhouse, and the scheme has great reference significance for regions unsuitable for sunshine rose grape culture.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made, and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A nutrition regulation and control method suitable for sunlight rose grape greenhouse soilless culture is characterized in that: the growth period of the rose grapes is divided into a germination period, a flower bud differentiation period, a flowering period, a fertile period, a fruit setting period, an expanding and color-changing period and a mature harvesting period according to the growth characteristics of the rose grapes, wherein a fertilizer formula is 30-10-10 in the germination period, a fertilizer formula is 20-10-20 in the flower bud differentiation period, a fertilizer formula is 10-30-20, 13-3-15-8Ca-2Mg and 20-10-20 in the flowering period, a fertilizer formula is 10-30-20, 13-3-15-8Ca-2Mg and 20-10-20 are mixed or alternately used in the flowering period, the expanding and color-changing period is 17-9-34 and 20-20-20-20, a fertilizer formula is 17-9-34 in the mature harvesting period, and the EC value of the fertilizer is 1.0-2.5ms/cm in each growth.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the nutrition of the sunshine rose grape greenhouse soilless culture as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the fertilization period is 1-2 times per week.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the nutrition of the sunshine rose grape greenhouse soilless culture as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the fertilizers used in the fertilizer formula are all water-soluble fertilizers.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the nutrition of the sunshine rose grape greenhouse soilless culture as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the proportion of the culture medium of the sunshine muscat is as follows: coconut husk: perlite =3: 1.
5. The method for regulating and controlling the nutrition of the sunshine rose grape greenhouse soilless culture as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the EC value of the coconut coir is not higher than 1.0 ms/cm.
6. The method for regulating and controlling the nutrition of the sunshine rose grape greenhouse soilless culture as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the culture medium is sterilized before use.
7. The method for regulating and controlling the nutrition of the sunshine rose grape greenhouse soilless culture as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: a container with the height of 0.6 meter and the diameter of 1.5 meters is selected for cultivating the sunshine muscat.
8. The method for regulating and controlling the nutrition of the sunshine rose grape greenhouse soilless culture as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: carrying out seedless treatment of fruit dipping for three times by using a medicament in the cultivation process of the sunshine rose grapes, wherein the seedless treatment is carried out for the first time in a week before flowering, for the second time in 3-5 days before flower withering, and for the third time in 14-16 days after the second treatment.
9. The method for regulating and controlling the nutrition of the sunshine rose grape greenhouse soilless culture as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: the main components of the medicament are plant growth regulator, bactericide and nutrient elements.
10. The method for regulating and controlling the nutrition of the sunshine rose grape greenhouse soilless culture as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: pruning is carried out in the process of cultivating the sunshine rose grapes; the winter pruning is mainly short-tip pruning and combined with middle-tip pruning, and the winter pruning time is 12 middle-of-month ten days; pruning in summer is carried out in stages, bud picking is carried out 10-15 days after germination, the loading capacity is adjusted according to the number of young shoots after bud picking, and pruning is carried out when the young shoots grow to 14-16 cm; and (4) timely pinching the main tip and the auxiliary tip in the growth process.
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| CN202011559811.7A CN112616637B (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Nutrient regulation and control method suitable for soilless culture of sunlight rose grapes in greenhouse |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108012751A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-11 | 北京市延庆区葡萄及葡萄酒产业促进中心 | A kind of greenhouse controlling delayed cultivation method |
| CN109168516A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-01-11 | 阜阳市颍泉区徽农种植专业合作社 | A kind of good quality and high output fertilizing method of grape |
| CN109168937A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-11 | 休宁县香菲庄园农业发展有限公司 | A kind of cultivating technique of grape |
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- 2020-12-25 CN CN202011559811.7A patent/CN112616637B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108012751A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-11 | 北京市延庆区葡萄及葡萄酒产业促进中心 | A kind of greenhouse controlling delayed cultivation method |
| CN109168516A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-01-11 | 阜阳市颍泉区徽农种植专业合作社 | A kind of good quality and high output fertilizing method of grape |
| CN109168937A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-11 | 休宁县香菲庄园农业发展有限公司 | A kind of cultivating technique of grape |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘爱玲;何建军;王磊;李节法;许文平;张才喜;王振平;王世平;: "设施栽培‘峰后’葡萄营养元素和水分吸收规律研究" * |
| 黄洁;: "阳光玫瑰葡萄丰产栽培技术" * |
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