CN112608198A - Amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared from EM (effective microorganisms) fermented overdue milk powder and preparation method of amino acid foliar fertilizer - Google Patents
Amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared from EM (effective microorganisms) fermented overdue milk powder and preparation method of amino acid foliar fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention discloses an amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared by EM (effective microorganisms) fermented overdue milk powder and a preparation method thereof. Belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The foliar fertilizer comprises EM microbial inoculum stock solution, expired milk powder, brown sugar, urea, monopotassium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, ammonium molybdate, boric acid and water. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the foliar fertilizer is rich in amino acids, contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, molybdenum and boron elements required by plants and microorganisms beneficial to the plants, and can supplement nutrient substances required by the growth of the plants, promote the growth of the plants and improve photosynthesis. Contains various microorganisms, can be rapidly propagated on the surface of a plant and in soil, inhibits the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms around the plant, and adjusts the ecological balance of the microorganisms around the plant, thereby improving the growth microenvironment of the plant and reducing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. Can improve fruit yield and quality, and has no side effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to an amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared by EM (effective microorganisms) fermented overdue milk powder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
There are two main ways of absorbing nutrient elements in the growth and development process of plants, namely roots and stems and leaves. The plant can absorb the nutrition in the soil or the nutrient solution through the root to supply the plant to grow and develop, besides the root system, the plant can also absorb the nutrition through the stem leaves (especially the leaves), the phenomenon that the non-root system absorbs the nutrition during the growth of the plant is the nutrition outside the root of the plant, and the measure of applying the fertilizer to the surface of the nutrient absorber except the root system of the plant is the foliar fertilizer. The foliar fertilization is a method for directly supplying nutrients to plants by spraying various nontoxic and harmless nutrient components on the foliage of the plants according to a certain dosage and concentration, and is a method for applying fertilizers outside roots. Practice proves that the leaf surface can directly absorb and utilize nutrient components, can quickly improve the nutrient condition of plants, promotes the growth and development of the plants and improves the quality of products. The foliar fertilizer is mainly characterized in that nutrients are led to reach mesophyll tissues and cuticles through pores on the back of leaves according to the physiological conditions of plants and then enter epidermal cells. The spraying of the foliar fertilizer mainly avoids the loss and the transformation of the nutrient elements by the soil and directly provides nutrition for the plants. The foliar fertilizer is used as a liquid fertilizer for strengthening plant nutrition, has small dosage and high utilization rate, can supplement nutrition for plants in time particularly when the absorption capacity of roots is poor in the early stage and the later stage of plant growth, and is a fertilizer with great popularization value. The foliar fertilizer has the advantages of faster action, higher utilization rate, timely nutrient supplement, being beneficial to being mixed with other medicaments and the like compared with root fertilizers, so the foliar fertilizer is easily accepted by farmers.
However, various leaf fertilizers are generally inorganic chemical products, have single efficacy, generally can supplement mineral elements for plants, do not have beneficial microorganisms, have no disease resistance, have the defects of soil hardening, environmental pollution, fertilizer efficiency reduction and the like, and particularly cause the problems of quality reduction, poor taste and the like of agricultural products such as various grains, vegetables, fruits and the like.
In conclusion, how to provide a foliar fertilizer with good effect and no side effect is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared by EM (effective microorganisms) fermented overdue milk powder and a preparation method thereof. The foliar fertilizer can supplement various nutrient substances required by the growth of plants, promote the growth of the plants, improve photosynthesis, prevent and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. Thereby improving the fruit yield and improving the quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared from EM (effective microorganisms) fermented expired milk powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.5-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum stock solution, 6-60 parts of expired milk powder, 0.5-5 parts of brown sugar, 3-15 parts of urea, 3-15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-3 parts of copper sulfate, 0.5-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1-2 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.1-1 part of sodium selenite, 0.1-1 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.1-1 part of boric acid and 885-985 parts of water.
The expired milk powder is generally destroyed or flows to the breeding industry for feeding, the utilization rate is low, and even the expired milk powder can be repackaged by illegal vendors and then flows to the market. The milk powder contains protein and fat, is also rich in a large amount of medium and trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, copper, molybdenum, manganese and the like, and various vitamins, carotene and the like, and the expired milk powder is used for preparing the foliar fertilizer, so that the problem of low utilization rate of the expired milk powder can be solved, nutrients can be provided for plants, the taste of fruits is improved, and the quality of the fruits is improved. However, it cannot be applied directly to plants, which would dry to a milk film, preventing the leaves from photosynthesis. Therefore, overdue milk powder needs to be fully fermented, so that macromolecular proteins in the milk powder are decomposed into micromolecular amino acids, polypeptides, ammonia and mineral elements, and the absorption and utilization of plants are facilitated.
The EM bacteria have complex composition, stable structure and wide functions. The EM is a living bacterium preparation, is a multifunctional flora which is formed by compositely culturing more than 10 microorganisms belonging to 80 genera, wherein the representative microorganisms comprise the following microorganisms. 1) Photosynthetic microorganisms (aerobic and anaerobic). Such as photosynthetic bacteria and blue algae. The microorganisms separate the hydrogen in the hydrogen and sulfur in the soil by using solar heat energy or ultraviolet rays, and change harmful substances into harmless substances; and the fertilizer is mixed with carbon dioxide, nitrogen and the like to synthesize sugar, amino acid, vitamin, bioactive substances (hormone) and the like, which make contribution to soil fertility. 2) Acetobacter (aerobic). A representative microorganism for nitrogen synthesis, which takes sugar from a photosynthetic microorganism to fix nitrogen, supplies part of the fixed nitrogen to plants and the other part of the fixed nitrogen to photosynthetic bacteria, and forms a symbiotic structure of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. 3) Actinomycetes (aerobic). The nitrogen produced by photosynthetic bacteria is used as a substrate to increase actinomycetes. Various actinomycetes have antibiotic substances, can directly inhibit pathogenic bacteria, and enhance the resistance and immunity of plants to diseases. Substances decomposed by actinomycetes are easily absorbed by plants. 4) Lactic acid bacteria (anaerobic). The substances produced by photosynthetic bacteria are taken in, lignin and cellulose which are not easy to decompose at normal temperature are decomposed, and the organic matters which are not decomposed are fermented and converted into nutrients which are effective for animals and plants. 5) Yeast (aerobic). Biologically active substances that promote cell division can be produced. At the same time, yeasts also play an important role in the production of substrates (foods) that promote the proliferation of other effective microorganisms. The produced small molecular amino acid is often the effective nutrient of plants.
The EM microbial inoculum technical product can improve the growth microenvironment of plants, adjust the ecological balance of microorganisms, inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms, and prevent and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests; the method can lead effective microorganisms to rapidly propagate on the surface of the plant and in soil, inhibit the propagation and development of pathogenic microorganisms around the plant, improve the photosynthesis of the plant, promote the growth of the plant, further improve the yield and the quality, has no side effect, and can meet the requirements of protecting the environment and producing pollution-free food.
In order to make up for the defects of the prior leaf fertilizer technology, the invention recycles the waste of the overdue milk powder, thereby reducing the resource waste, and provides the amino acid leaf fertilizer prepared by fermenting the overdue milk powder by using EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria for plants, and after the plants absorb amino acid and mineral elements, the taste of the fruits can be improved, and the quality of the fruits can be improved.
Preferably, the amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared from the expired milk powder fermented by the EM comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of EM microbial inoculum stock solution, 12 parts of expired milk powder, 1 part of brown sugar, 6 parts of urea, 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.1 parts of copper sulfate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2 part of sodium selenite, 0.2 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.2 part of boric acid and 965 parts of water.
Preferably, the number of viable bacteria in the EM microbial inoculum stock solution is ≧ 5 × 109/ml。
Preferably, the number of viable bacteria in the amino acid foliar fertilizer is ≧ 1 × 109/ml。
The preparation method of the amino acid foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) activating the EM microbial inoculum stock solution to obtain an EM activated solution;
(2) using EM activating liquid to ferment overdue milk powder to obtain milk fermentation liquid;
(3) weighing urea, monopotassium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, ammonium molybdate and boric acid according to parts by weight, adding water, and uniformly stirring to obtain premix A;
(4) and mixing and stirring the milk fermentation liquor and the premix A uniformly to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, the specific operation of step (1) is as follows: weighing EM microbial inoculum stock solution and brown sugar, adding water, mixing and stirring uniformly, and then sealing and fermenting at room temperature for 5-7 days;
the mass ratio of the EM microbial inoculum stock solution to the brown sugar to the water is 1:1: 10.
Preferably, the specific operation of step (2) is: mixing and stirring the EM activating solution, water and expired milk powder uniformly, and then sealing and fermenting at room temperature for 25-30 days;
the mass ratio of the EM activating liquid to the water to the expired milk powder is 1:10: 1.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the foliar fertilizer is rich in amino acids, also contains elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, molybdenum, boron and the like required by plants, and a plurality of microorganisms beneficial to the plants, and can supplement various nutrient substances required by the growth of the plants, promote the growth of the plants and improve photosynthesis. (2) The foliar fertilizer contains various effective microorganisms, can be rapidly propagated on the surface of a plant and in soil, inhibits the propagation and development of pathogenic microorganisms around the plant, and adjusts the ecological balance of the microorganisms around the plant, thereby improving the growth microenvironment of the plant and preventing and reducing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. (3) The foliar fertilizer can improve the fruit yield and the quality, has no side effect, and meets the requirements of environmental protection and pollution-free food production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of treatment A in experiment 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of treatment B in experiment 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of treatment C in experiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of treatment A in experiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of treatment B in experiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of treatment C in experiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The agents required in the examples of the present invention are conventional laboratory agents purchased from commercially available sources, such as:
the EM microbial inoculum stock solution is purchased from Yunyun biotechnology development Co., Ltd.
The spray treasure is purchased from Guangxi spray treasure GmbH.
The happy land is purchased from happy land fertilizer industry limited liability company in Anyang city.
The experimental methods not mentioned in the examples are conventional experimental methods, and are not described in detail herein.
Example 1
The formula (I) is as follows:
0.5kg of EM microbial inoculum stock solution, 6kg of expired milk powder, 0.5kg of brown sugar, 3kg of urea, 3kg of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.5kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.5kg of zinc sulfate, 0.1kg of copper sulfate, 0.1kg of manganese sulfate, 0.1kg of sodium selenite, 0.1kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.1kg of boric acid and 985kg of water.
(II) the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.5kg of each of the EM microbial inoculum stock solution and brown sugar is added with 5kg of water, the mixture is fully stirred and uniformly mixed, and then the mixture is put into a closed plastic barrel and is subjected to closed fermentation for 5 days at room temperature to prepare the EM activating solution.
(2) Adding 6kg of EM activating solution and 6kg of expired milk powder into 60kg of clear water, uniformly stirring, putting into a sealed plastic barrel, and performing sealed fermentation at room temperature for 25 days to obtain the milk fermentation liquor.
(3) Weighing 3kg of urea, 3kg of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.5kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.5kg of zinc sulfate, 0.1kg of copper sulfate, 0.1kg of manganese sulfate, 0.1kg of sodium selenite, 0.1kg of ammonium molybdate and 0.1kg of boric acid, uniformly mixing, adding 920kg of clear water, and stirring to fully dissolve to obtain premix A.
(4) And adding the premix A into the milk fermentation liquor, stirring, rotating and mixing to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
Example 2
The formula (I) is as follows:
5kg of EM microbial inoculum stock solution, 60kg of expired milk powder, 5kg of brown sugar, 15kg of urea, 15kg of monopotassium phosphate, 3kg of ferrous sulfate, 3kg of magnesium sulfate, 3kg of zinc sulfate, 3kg of copper sulfate, 2kg of manganese sulfate, 1kg of sodium selenite, 1kg of ammonium molybdate, 1kg of boric acid and 885kg of water.
(II) the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding water 50kg into each 5kg of EM microbial inoculum stock solution and brown sugar, stirring, placing into a sealed plastic barrel, and fermenting under sealed condition at room temperature for 7 days to obtain EM activating solution.
(2) Adding 60kg of EM activating solution and 60kg of expired milk powder into 600kg of clear water, uniformly stirring, putting into a sealed plastic barrel, and performing sealed fermentation at room temperature for 30 days to prepare the milk fermentation liquor.
(3) Weighing 15kg of urea, 15kg of monopotassium phosphate, 3kg of ferrous sulfate, 3kg of magnesium sulfate, 3kg of zinc sulfate, 3kg of copper sulfate, 2kg of manganese sulfate, 1kg of sodium selenite, 1kg of ammonium molybdate and 1kg of boric acid, uniformly mixing, adding 235kg of clear water, and stirring to fully dissolve to obtain premix A.
(4) And adding the premix A into the milk fermentation liquor, stirring, rotating and mixing to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
Example 3
The formula (I) is as follows:
1kg of EM microbial inoculum stock solution, 12kg of expired milk powder, 1kg of brown sugar, 5kg of urea, 5kg of monopotassium phosphate, 1kg of ferrous sulfate, 1kg of magnesium sulfate, 1kg of zinc sulfate, 0.6kg of copper sulfate, 0.1kg of manganese sulfate, 0.1kg of sodium selenite, 0.1kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.1kg of boric acid and 972kg of water.
(III) the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding water 10kg into each 1kg of EM microbial inoculum stock solution and brown sugar, stirring, placing into a sealed plastic barrel, and fermenting at room temperature for 7 days in a sealed manner to obtain EM activating solution.
(2) Adding 120kg of clear water into 12kg of EM activating solution and expired milk powder, uniformly stirring, putting into a sealed plastic barrel, and performing sealed fermentation at room temperature for 30 days to prepare the milk fermentation liquor.
(3) Weighing 5kg of urea, 5kg of monopotassium phosphate, 1kg of ferrous sulfate, 1kg of magnesium sulfate, 1kg of zinc sulfate, 0.1kg of manganese sulfate, 0.6kg of copper sulfate, 0.1kg of sodium selenite, 0.1kg of ammonium molybdate and 0.1kg of boric acid, uniformly mixing, adding 842kg of clear water, and stirring to fully dissolve to obtain premix A.
(4) And adding the premix A into the milk fermentation liquor, stirring, rotating and mixing to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
Example 4
The formula (I) is as follows:
1kg of EM microbial inoculum stock solution, 12kg of expired milk powder, 1kg of brown sugar, 6kg of urea, 6kg of monopotassium phosphate, 2kg of ferrous sulfate, 2kg of magnesium sulfate, 2kg of zinc sulfate, 2.1kg of copper sulfate, 0.3kg of manganese sulfate, 0.2kg of sodium selenite, 0.2kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.2kg of boric acid and 965kg of water.
(II) the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding water 10kg into each 1kg of EM microbial inoculum stock solution and brown sugar, stirring, placing into a sealed plastic barrel, and fermenting under sealed condition at room temperature for 6 days to obtain EM activating solution.
(2) Adding water 120kg into 12kg of EM activating solution and expired milk powder respectively, stirring, mixing, placing into a sealed plastic barrel, and fermenting under sealed condition at room temperature for 25 days to obtain milk fermentation liquid.
(3) Weighing 6kg of urea, 6kg of monopotassium phosphate, 2kg of ferrous sulfate, 2kg of magnesium sulfate, 2kg of zinc sulfate, 2.1kg of copper sulfate, 0.3kg of manganese sulfate, 0.2kg of sodium selenite, 0.2kg of ammonium molybdate and 0.2kg of boric acid, uniformly mixing, adding 835kg of clear water, and stirring to fully dissolve to obtain premix A.
(4) And adding the premix A into the milk fermentation liquor, stirring, rotating and mixing to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
Experiment 1, tomato is used as a test plant, and the effect of the foliar fertilizer is verified
(1) The test varieties are: the tomato variety is a hard fruit type variety, grede (unlimited growth type), introduced from hollandelix schwann germchit corporation.
(2) Test ground outlineThe following conditions: the test is carried out in a simple rain-sheltering tomato cultivation field in the village yellow Baochun of the Huanling city resource county, and the test area is 800m2The altitude is about 950m, the subtropical monsoon climate has abundant rainfall, the test land is mountain landform, the previous stubble is tomato, the soil type is red soil, the soil fertility is good, the organic matter is 22.35g/kg, the total nitrogen is 1.65g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 84.2g/kg, the available phosphorus is 184g/kg, and the available potassium is 156 g/kg.
(3) Test time: 3-10 months in 2019.
(4) Test subjects: the foliar fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention.
(5) And (3) test treatment: there were 3 treatments in total.
And (3) treatment A: using pig manure as base fertilizer, 667m24000kg of fertilizer is applied, 30kg of compound fertilizer (N, P, K content is 15 percent respectively) is applied, the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes are sprayed by 500 times of dilution with the foliar fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention after 30 days of field planting, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days for 6 times.
And (B) treatment: using pig manure as base fertilizer, 667m2Applying 4000kg of the fertilizer, applying 30kg of the compound fertilizer (N, P, K content is 15 percent respectively), diluting the tomatoes by using a common foliar fertilizer spraying agent for 30 days after permanent planting, spraying 500 times of the fertilizer to the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes, and spraying for 1 time every 15 days for 6 times.
And C, treatment: using pig manure as base fertilizer, 667m2Applying 4000kg of the fertilizer, applying 30kg of the compound fertilizer (N, P, K content is 15 percent respectively), spraying the front and back surfaces of the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes with clear water which is equal to the amount of the fertilizer A after the tomatoes are planted for 30 days, and spraying for 1 time every 15 days for 6 times.
And other management methods in the growing period are carried out according to conventional management. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the cells were randomly arranged in blocks with a cell area of 25m2Row spacing of 70cm, plant spacing of 60cm, 66 plants per cell (667 m converted)21587 plants are cultivated), one-ridge double-row planting is carried out, and double-rod pruning is carried out. And (4) performing plug seedling in 2019 in 3 and 18 months, planting in 5 and 1 months, and harvesting in the last 7 th month.
(6) Survey and statistical methods:
firstly, a 5-point sampling method is adopted for each treatment, 3 tomatoes are randomly selected and listed for each point, the plant height, the stem thickness (the stem thickness at the middle position of the second section and the third section of the stem) and the number of leaves are measured 30 days and 90 days after planting, and the average value is taken and measured for 2 times.
Secondly, sampling at 5 points for each treatment, randomly selecting 3 tomatoes at each point, listing, measuring the weight of each tomato, the number of the fruits and the yield of each tomato from the first cluster fruit to the seedling pulling period, calculating the average value, and converting into 667m2The tomato yield of (1).
And thirdly, after the fruits are ripe, taking 10 fruits with consistent ripeness degrees in each cell, and measuring the content of soluble solid matters (refractometer method), soluble sugar (anthrone colorimetry), organic acid (sodium hydroxide titration method) and vitamin C (2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol titration method).
Fourthly, tomato disease statistics: and (4) investigating tomato disease conditions of all treatment districts 2 months after planting (7 months in 2019, high-temperature rainy period and high disease development period).
Disease grading survey shows that 0 grade is no occurrence, the first grade is within 5% of plant morbidity, the second grade is within 5% -25% of plant morbidity, the third grade is within 25% -50% of plant morbidity, the fourth grade is within 50% -75% of plant morbidity, and the fifth grade is over 75% of plant morbidity.
(7) And (3) test results: the test results are shown in tables 1 to 4 and FIGS. 1 to 3.
TABLE 1 plant height, stem thickness and leaf number of differently treated tomatoes
As can be seen from Table 1, when the tomato plants are planted for 30 days, the indexes of the plant height, the stem thickness and the leaf number of the tomato plants (treated A) applied with the foliar fertilizer are equivalent to those of the tomato plants applied with common commercial foliar fertilizer spraying agent and treated with clear water. When the tomato is planted for 90 days, the indexes of the plant height, the stem thickness and the leaf number of the tomato plant (treated A) applied with the foliar fertilizer are higher than those of the tomato plant applied with a common commercial foliar fertilizer spraying agent and treated with clear water. Therefore, compared with common commercial foliar fertilizers and foliar fertilizers which are not applied, the foliar fertilizer disclosed by the invention can better promote the growth of tomato plants.
TABLE 2 number of set, weight and yield per plant of differently treated tomatoes
As can be seen from Table 2, the number of the tomato plants (treated A) to which the foliar fertilizer of the present invention was applied, the average individual fruit weight and the average individual plant yield index were all higher than those of the tomato plants treated with the common commercial foliar fertilizer, i.e., the foliar fertilizer applied with the foliar fertilizer with spraying agent and clear water. Compared with the average single-plant yield of the common commodity foliar fertilizer applied for spraying treatment, the average single-plant yield of the foliar fertilizer applied by the method is improved by 12.96%, and compared with the average single-plant yield of the foliar fertilizer not applied for treatment, the average single-plant yield of the foliar fertilizer applied by the method is improved by 14.27%. Therefore, compared with common commodity foliar fertilizers and foliar fertilizers which are not applied, the foliar fertilizer can improve the fruit setting number of the tomatoes and promote the growth of the tomatoes, thereby achieving the purposes of increasing the yield and income.
TABLE 3 fruit quality index of differently treated tomatoes
| Treatment of | Soluble solids (%) | Soluble sugar (%) | Vitamin C (mg/kg) | Organic acid (%) |
| Treatment A | 8.56 | 5.22 | 70.23 | 1.02 |
| Treatment B | 6.28 | 4.17 | 59.36 | 1.57 |
| Treatment C | 5.19 | 4.01 | 56.23 | 1.69 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the indexes of the soluble solid content, the soluble sugar content and the vitamin C content of the tomato plant (treated A) applied with the foliar fertilizer of the invention are all higher than those of the tomato plant applied with the common commercial foliar fertilizer spraying agent and treated with clear water, and the organic acid content is lower than those of the tomato plant applied with the other two treatments. Therefore, compared with common commercial foliar fertilizers, the foliar fertilizer disclosed by the invention can improve the soluble solid content, soluble sugar and vitamin C content of tomatoes and reduce the content of organic acid, so that the taste of the tomatoes is improved.
TABLE 4 disease incidence and disease index for differently treated tomatoes
| Treatment of | Early blight (%) | Late blight (%) | Gray mold (%) | Viral disease (%) |
| Treatment A | 1.56 grade one | 1.22 grade one | 1.23 first order | 1.02 grade one |
| Treatment B | 5.28 grade two | 2.17 first order | 9.36 second stage | 1.57 grade one |
| Treatment C | 6.19 second order | 4.01 grade I | 6.23 second order | 1.69 grade one |
As can be seen from Table 4, the main disease incidence of the tomatoes applied with the foliar fertilizer is lower than that of the tomatoes applied with clear water control treatment and common foliar fertilizer spraying agent. Therefore, the foliar fertilizer is rich in beneficial microorganisms, can be colonized on the surfaces of tomato plants, further reduces the propagation of germs around the tomato plants through the competition effect and the antagonism effect, and is attached to the surfaces of leaves to block the propagation path of germs, so that the tomato applying the foliar fertilizer has a low disease incidence rate.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 3, the tomatoes treated in the formula A have normal growth, few diseases, normal leaves, no disease spots, uniform fruit size and uniform coloring. And B, a small amount of diseases (gray mold and early blight), a small amount of curly tomato leaves, a small amount of yellow diseased leaves, a small amount of speckles in fruits, uniform coloring and large and small fruits exist. And C, the tomato is treated, the tomato has serious diseases (early blight, late blight and gray mold), a large number of yellow leaves are formed, a large number of leaves are speckled, fruits are cracked, wrinkled or speckled, and the quality is poor.
Experiment 2 watermelon is used as a test plant to verify the effect of the foliar fertilizer
(1) The test varieties are: black beauty introduced from taiwan farmmate germchit.
(2) Summary of the test: the test is carried out in a watermelon cultivation test field in Guilin agricultural science institute of Yanshan town of Yanshan mountain area of Guangxi Guilin city, the test area is 300m2The elevation is about 150m, the subtropical monsoon climate is full of rainfall, the test land is an impact type plain landform, the previous stubble is peanuts, the soil type is brick red soil, the soil fertility is good, the organic matter is 10.44g/kg, the total nitrogen is 1.22g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 30.8g/kg, the available phosphorus is 125g/kg, and the available potassium is 102 g/kg.
(3) Test time: 3-9 months in 2019.
(4) Test subjects: the foliar fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 4 of the invention.
(5) And (3) test treatment: there were 3 treatments in total.
And (3) treatment A: taking cow dung as base fertilizer, 667m23500kg of fertilizer is applied, 20kg of compound fertilizer (N, P, K content is 15 percent respectively) is applied, the watermelon whole plant is sprayed after 30 days of permanent planting by 600 times dilution with the foliar fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 4 of the invention, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 5 times every 20 days.
And (B) treatment: taking cow dung as base fertilizer, 667m2Applying 3500kg, applying 20kg compound fertilizer (N, P, K content each 15%), field planting watermelon for 30 days, and applying GuangxiThe common foliar fertilizer is diluted 600 times at will and sprayed on the whole watermelon plant for 5 times every 20 days.
And C, treatment: taking cow dung as base fertilizer, 667m23500kg of the watermelon is applied, 20kg of compound fertilizer (N, P, K content is 15 percent respectively) is applied, the whole watermelon plant is sprayed with clean water with the same amount as that of the treatment A after 30 days of permanent planting, and the spraying is carried out for 5 times every 20 days.
And other management methods in the growing period are carried out according to conventional management. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the cells were randomly arranged in blocks and had a cell area of 32m2Line spacing of 200cm, plant spacing of 60cm, 27 plants per cell (667 m converted)2556 plants are cultivated), ground climbing cultivation is carried out, and planting is carried out in rows and columns. And (4) performing plug seedling culture on 14 days in 2019, 3 months, planting for 20 days in 4 months, and harvesting in the last ten days of 6 months.
(6) Survey and statistical methods:
firstly, a 5-point sampling method is adopted for each treatment, 3 watermelons are randomly selected and listed at each point, the growth, the stem thickness (the stem thickness at the middle position of the second section and the third section of the stem) and the number of tendrils are measured 20 days and 80 days after planting, the average value is taken, and the measurement is carried out for 2 times.
Secondly, sampling at 5 points for each treatment, randomly selecting 3 watermelons at each point, listing, measuring the weight of each watermelon of a selected plant and the yield of watermelons in a community, calculating the average value, and converting into 667m2The yield of watermelon.
Thirdly, after the watermelons are ripe, 10 watermelons with consistent ripeness degrees are taken in each cell, and the content of soluble solid matters (refractometer method), soluble sugar (anthrone colorimetry) and organic acid (sodium hydroxide titration method) is measured.
Fourthly, watermelon disease statistics: and (4) investigating the watermelon disease conditions of all treated cells 2 months after planting (6-7 months in 2019, high-temperature rainy period and disease high-incidence period).
Disease grading survey shows that 0 grade is no occurrence, the first grade is within 5% of plant morbidity, the second grade is within 5% -25% of plant morbidity, the third grade is within 25% -50% of plant morbidity, the fourth grade is within 50% -75% of plant morbidity, and the fifth grade is over 75% of plant morbidity.
(7) And (3) test results: the test results are shown in tables 5 to 8 and FIGS. 4 to 6.
TABLE 5 watermelon vine growth, shoot thickness and vine number for different treatments
As can be seen from Table 5, the indexes of the growth, the stem thickness and the vine division number of the watermelon plants (treated A) planted with the foliar fertilizer of the invention 20 days after the planting are all equivalent to those of the watermelon plants which are happily treated with common commercial foliar fertilizer and treated with clear water. After planting, the indexes of the watermelon plants (treated A) applied with the foliar fertilizer for 80 days are higher than those of the watermelon plants applied with common commercial foliar fertilizer for loving the soil and treating clear water. Therefore, compared with common commodity foliar fertilizers and foliar fertilizers which are not applied, the foliar fertilizer of the invention can promote the growth of watermelon plants.
TABLE 6 Single watermelon weight and Single plant yield for differently treated watermelons
As can be seen from Table 6, the average watermelon weight and average cell yield of the watermelon plants (treatment A) applied with the foliar fertilizer of the present invention are higher than those of the watermelon plants applied with the common commercial foliar fertilizer in terms of land preference and clear water treatment. Compared with the average cell yield of the treatment favored by applying common commercial foliar fertilizer, the average cell yield of the foliar fertilizer applied by the invention is improved by 7.52 percent, and compared with the average cell yield of the treatment without applying the foliar fertilizer, the average cell yield of the foliar fertilizer applied by the invention is improved by 16.24 percent. Therefore, compared with common commodity foliar fertilizers and foliar fertilizers which are not applied, the foliar fertilizer can promote the growth of watermelon fruits and increase the weight of the watermelons, thereby achieving the purposes of increasing the production and income.
TABLE 7 quality index of different watermelon treatments
As can be seen from Table 7, the indexes of the soluble solid, soluble sugar and vitamin C content of the watermelon plant (treated A) applied with the foliar fertilizer of the invention are higher than those of the watermelon plant applied with the common commercial foliar fertilizer in terms of land preference and clear water treatment. Therefore, compared with common commodity foliar fertilizers, the foliar fertilizer can improve the soluble solid matter, soluble sugar and vitamin C content of the watermelon, thereby improving the taste of the watermelon fruits.
TABLE 8 disease incidence and disease index for differently treated watermelons
| Treatment of | Wilt disease (%) | Gummy stem blight (%) | Anthrax disease (%) | Viral disease (%) |
| Treatment A | 1.02 grade one | 2.56 grade one | 4.07 degree one | 1.35 grade I |
| Treatment B | 6.89 second order | 6.44 grade two | 8.02 second stage | 1.98 grade one |
| Treatment C | 7.87 level two | 7.23 second order | 9.24 second order | 2.02 grade one |
As can be seen from Table 8, the incidence of major diseases of watermelons applying the foliar fertilizer is lower than that of the water control treatment and the common foliar fertilizer. Therefore, the foliar fertilizer is rich in beneficial microorganisms, can be colonized on the surfaces of watermelon plants, further reduces the propagation of germs around the watermelon plants through the competition effect and the antagonism effect, and is attached to the surfaces of leaves to block the propagation path of germs, so that the disease incidence rate of watermelons applying the foliar fertilizer is low.
As can be seen from FIGS. 4 to 6, the watermelon treated with the treatment A has normal growth, few diseases, normal leaves, no spots and normal fruits. And B, the watermelon has serious diseases (anthracnose) and a few yellow diseased leaves. And C, the watermelon is treated, the watermelon is seriously deficient in elements, poor in growth, curled and folded leaves, serious in watermelon disease (anthracnose), and poor in fruit quality, and a large number of yellow leaves are generated, and a lot of leaves are speckled.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. An amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared from EM (effective microorganisms) fermented expired milk powder is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 0.5-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum stock solution, 6-60 parts of expired milk powder, 0.5-5 parts of brown sugar, 3-15 parts of urea, 3-15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1-3 parts of copper sulfate, 0.1-2 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.1-1 part of sodium selenite, 0.1-1 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.1-1 part of boric acid and 885-985 parts of water.
2. The amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared from the EM fermented expired milk powder according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 1 part of EM microbial inoculum stock solution, 12 parts of expired milk powder, 1 part of brown sugar, 6 parts of urea, 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.1 parts of copper sulfate, 0.3 part of manganese sulfate, 0.2 part of sodium selenite, 0.2 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.2 part of boric acid and 965 parts of water.
3. The amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared from the milk powder with the expired EM fermentation of the EM as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the number of viable bacteria in the stock solution of the EM is ≧ 5 x 109/ml。
4. The amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared from the milk powder fermented by the EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the viable count of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is not less than 1 x 109/ml。
5. The preparation method of the amino acid foliar fertilizer prepared from the EM fermented outdated milk powder according to any one of claims 1 to 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) activating the EM microbial inoculum stock solution to obtain an EM activated solution;
(2) using EM activating liquid to ferment overdue milk powder to obtain milk fermentation liquid;
(3) weighing urea, monopotassium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, ammonium molybdate and boric acid according to parts by weight, adding water, and uniformly stirring to obtain premix A;
(4) and mixing and stirring the milk fermentation liquor and the premix A uniformly to obtain a finished product.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the specific operation of the step (1) is as follows: weighing EM microbial inoculum stock solution and brown sugar, adding water, mixing and stirring uniformly, and then sealing and fermenting at room temperature for 5-7 days;
the mass ratio of the EM microbial inoculum stock solution to the brown sugar to the water is 1:1: 10.
7. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the specific operation of the step (2) is as follows: mixing and stirring the EM activating solution, water and expired milk powder uniformly, and then sealing and fermenting at room temperature for 25-30 days;
the mass ratio of the EM activating liquid to the water to the expired milk powder is 1:10: 1.
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| CN114249618A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-29 | 鞍山绿泰佳葡萄主题公园有限公司 | Cultivation method for milk drip irrigation and grape spraying |
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