CN112569325B - 一种治疗肝硬化的中药组合物及其制剂 - Google Patents
一种治疗肝硬化的中药组合物及其制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗肝硬化的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的原料药物:鳖甲10份~20份、黄芪20份~40份、白术10份~20份、莪术5份~15份、枳壳10份~20份、白芍10份~20份、牡蛎20份~40份、厚朴10份~20份、桃仁5份~15份、生地10份~20份、党参10份~20份、生甘草5份~10份、茯苓10份~20份。该中药组合物对患有肝硬化的患者具有明显的疏肝健脾、益气活血作用,同时也可以软坚散结、化瘀通络、养阴生津、清退虚热、利湿消痰,提高患者的生存质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药组合物领域,更具体地,涉及一种治疗肝硬化的中药组合物及其制剂。
背景技术
肝硬化是由多种原因引起的非常常见的慢性、弥漫性、进行性纤维性病变。几乎各种慢性肝脏疾病均可导致肝纤维化,其主要原因包括感染性(如慢性乙型、丙型、丁型病毒性肝炎等)、先天性代谢缺陷(如肝豆状核变性、血色病等)、化学损伤(慢性酒精性、药物性肝病)及自身免疫性(如自身免疫性肝炎)等疾病。具体表现为肝细胞弥漫性坏死,出现纤维组织增生和肝细胞结节状再生,这三种改变反复交错进行,结果肝小叶结构和血液循环途径逐渐被改建,使肝变硬而导致肝硬化。
治疗肝硬化的宗旨是减轻肝纤维化的程度、延缓乃至逆转其病理进程,而目前肝硬化尚无有效且公认的治疗方法和药物。目前肝硬化的治疗方式主要采用保肝、支持和腹水治疗,同时配合门静脉高压的手术治疗以及并发症的处理;同时肝硬化的治疗药物品种繁多,主要分为三大类:第一类为抗病毒药物,这种药有两种,一种是干扰素,另一种是核苷类似物;第二类为治疗肝硬化并发症药物,有抗肝腹水的,也有抗消化道出血的和抗肝性脑病的;第三类为保肝和抗纤维化药物,这些药物目前主要是一些中成药。但是临床上这些药物有一定疗效,但是实际疗效却因各种原因还不十分理想。中医药在治疗肝硬化方面具有独特的优势,尤其是中药具有良好的开发和应用前景。
中医学认为本病属“膨胀”范畴,因腹部胀大如鼓而命名。以腹部胀大,皮色苍黄,甚则腹皮青暴露,四肢不肿或微肿为特征。中医理论认为肝硬化多因酒食不节,情志所伤,感染血吸虫,劳欲过度以及黄疸积聚失治,使肝、脾、肾功能失调,气、血、水瘀积于腹内而成。
肝硬化的病因关键是肝、脾、肾的功能障碍。肝气郁结、气滞导致脉络阻塞是形成肝硬化的一个基本因素。其次是脾脏功能受损,运化失职,遂致水湿停聚。再者就是肾脏的气化功能受损,不能蒸化水湿停滞,也是形成膨胀的重要因素。肝气郁滞、血脉瘀阻、水湿内停是形成膨胀的三个重要的病理变化。
充分积极挖掘中医药宝库,发明一种针对肝硬化的中药,并结合现代医学治疗肝纤维化,对缓解临床症状,提高治疗效率有重大意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种能够有效地治疗肝硬化、无明显毒副作用、安全可靠的中药组合物,本发明所提供的是治疗肝硬化的中药组合物可以疏肝健脾、益气活血。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题在于提供上述中药组合物的制剂。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:
本发明的第一个方面,提供一种治疗肝硬化的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的原料药物:鳖甲10份~20份、黄芪20份~40份、白术10份~20份、莪术5份~15份、枳壳10份~20份、白芍10份~20份、牡蛎20份~40份、厚朴10份~20份、桃仁5份~15份、生地10份~20份、党参10份~20份、生甘草5份~10份、茯苓10份~20份。
优选地,所述中药组合物,包括以下重量份的原料药物:鳖甲11份~17份、黄芪25份~35份、白术11份~17份、莪术5份~15份、枳壳12份~18份、白芍11份~17份、牡蛎25份~35份、厚朴12份~18份、桃仁7份~12份、生地12份~18份、党参12份~18份、生甘草5份、茯苓11份~17份。
更优选地,所述中药组合物,所述中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料药物:鳖甲15份、黄芪30份、白术15份、莪术10份、枳壳15份、白芍15份、牡蛎30份、厚朴15份、桃仁10份、生地15份、党参15份、生甘草5份、茯苓15份。
本发明的第二个方面,提供一种治疗肝硬化的中药制剂,包括本发明第一个方面所述的中药组合物。
进一步地,根据本发明第二个方面所述的中药制剂,还包括药学上可接受的辅料。
优选地,所述中药制剂为口服剂。
更优选地,所述中药制剂的剂型为胶囊、片剂、丸剂、滴剂、缓释片、软胶囊、颗粒剂、散剂、锭剂、煎膏剂或糖浆剂。
优选地,所述中药制剂为软膏剂或涂膜剂。
进一步地,所述中药制剂中生药含量为51.25%-68.33%。
本发明的第三个方面,提供本发明第二个方面所述中药制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.将鳖甲打碎,加水煎煮5~10min;将牡蛎打碎,加水煎煮5~10min;将两者混合,加入其余原料药物,加水煎煮,得中药水提物;
S2.将步骤S1中中药水提物与辅料结合制成制剂。
本发明各组分原料药物药理如下:
君药为鳖甲,强调软坚散结,消除癥瘕;臣药中配莪术行气破血、消积止痛,厚朴燥湿消痰、下气除满;桃仁搭配生地可活血化瘀;黄芪、党参、茯苓、白术、甘草健脾益气;使药为枳壳、白芍,调和肝脾,透邪解郁。
牡蛎,性微寒,味咸。归肝经、胆经、肾经。重镇安神,潜阳补阴,软坚散结。用治惊悸失眠,眩晕耳鸣、瘰蛎痰核、癥瘕痞块。牡蛎与鳖甲配伍,可使滋阴潜阳,软坚散结作用增强。
厚朴,性温,味苦、辛。归脾经、胃经、肺经、大肠经。燥湿消痰、下气除满。用治湿滞伤中、脘痞吐泻、食积气滞、腹胀便秘、痰饮喘咳。肝硬化患者常湿邪阻碍气机,出现脘腹胀满,不思饮食。故配伍厚朴可行气除满,且可化湿。帮助黄芪、党参、茯苓、白术进一步健脾祛湿。
生甘草,性温,味苦、辛。归脾经、胃经、肺经、大肠经。燥湿消痰、下气除满。用治湿滞伤中、脘痞吐泻、食积气滞、腹胀便秘、痰饮喘咳。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明提供的中药组合物的功效及主治:对患有肝硬化的患者具有明显的疏肝健脾、益气活血作用,同时也可以软坚散结、化瘀通络、养阴生津、清退虚热、利湿消痰,提高患者的生存质量。本发明主治:肝硬化;肝炎后肝硬化;肝硬化失代偿期。
2.本发明提供的中药组合物可显著改善肝硬化患者胁肋疼痛、倦怠乏力、情志不畅、纳呆、腹胀、脾肿大、舌暗等症状体征。
3.本发明提供的中药组合物可改善肝硬化患者肝功能。
4.本发明提供的中药组合物可显著改善肝硬化患者肝纤维化。
5.本发明提供的中药组合物可增强机体抵抗力,达到治疗原发病的目的,从而实现标本兼治。其中鳖甲、牡蛎能抑制炎症反应,促进肝细胞修复和再生,改善肝内微循环,抑制纤维增生,促进胶原溶解和再吸收,并能提高血浆蛋白含量。其中党参、茯苓、甘草、白术,为四君子汤的药物组成,共奏益气健脾之功,共为臣药。再配伍厚朴,行气除满,且可化湿,进一步改善脾虚湿困,腹胀纳呆。其中枳壳、白芍调和肝脾,透邪解郁,疏肝理脾,为使药。
此外,本发明提供的中药组合物还具备制作简单,陈本低廉,安全无毒副作用,便于携带,服用方便等特点。
附图说明
图1中药组合物含药血清对HSC-T6细胞形态的显微电镜图。中药组合物高剂量组(H)、中剂量组(M)、低剂量组(L),秋水仙碱组(P),生理盐水阴性对照组(K)以及空白对照组(BC)。
图2中药组合物含药血清对HSC-T6细胞凋亡的荧光显微电镜图。中药组合物高剂量组(H)、中剂量组(M)、低剂量组(L),秋水仙碱组(P),生理盐水阴性对照组(K)以及空白对照组(BC)。
图3中药组合物含药血清对HSC-T6细胞中α-SMA表达的WB图。中药组合物高剂量组(H)、中剂量组(M)、低剂量组(L),秋水仙碱组(P),生理盐水阴性对照组(K)以及空白对照组(BC)。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明。下述实施例仅用于示例性说明,不能理解为对本发明的限制。除非特别说明,下述实施例中使用的原料药物、试剂原料为常规市购或商业途径获得的生试剂原料。除非特别说明,下述实施例中使用的设备为本领域常规使用的设备。
HSC-T6细胞为大鼠肝星形细胞,由南方医院肝病中心提供;α-SMA抗体(货号:GB13044)、GAPDH抗体(货号:GB11002)购自武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司。
实施例1
(1)一种治疗肝硬化的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的原料药物:鳖甲10份、黄芪20份、白术10份、莪术15份、枳壳20份、白芍20份、牡蛎40份、厚朴10份、桃仁5份、生地10份、党参20份、生甘草5份、茯苓20份。
(2)称量上述原料的有效组分,清除杂质、洗净、晒干或烘干。
(3)鳖甲、莪术、白芍均醋制,白术麸炒,厚朴姜制,其余药物以常规饮片入药。
鳖甲醋制方法与作用:取砂子置锅,用武火炒热,放入净鳖甲,拌炒至表面呈淡黄色时,取出筛去砂子。趁热投入醋液中淬之,捞出,干燥,捣碎。鳖甲每100千克用醋20千克。砂炒醋淬后,质变酥脆,易于粉碎及煎出有效成分,并能矫臭矫味。醋制还能增强药物入肝消积,软坚散结的作用。制鳖甲软坚散结之力较强,用于癥瘕积聚,阴虚潮热,月经停闭。
莪术醋制方法与作用:取净莪术置制药锅内,加米醋及适量净水浸没,用文火煮至醋汁被吸尽,内无白心时,取出,稍晾,切厚片,干燥。莪术每100千克用米醋20千克。醋莪术重在入肝经血分,增强破血消癥作用,多用于瘀滞经闭,胁下癥瘕痞块。
白芍醋制方法与作用:取白芍片,加入定量米醋拌匀,稍闷润,待醋被吸尽后,置炒制容器内,用文火加热,炒干,取出晾凉。筛去碎屑。白芍片每l00千克用米醋15千克。经醋炙后,偏于养血护肝、止痛敛汗。可敛血、止血,疏肝解郁。
麸炒白术方法与作用:先将锅用中火烧热,撒入麦麸,待冒烟时,投入白术片,不断翻炒,炒至白术呈黄褐色,取出,筛去麦麸,放凉。白术片每100千克用麦麸10千克。麸炒白术能缓和燥性,借麸入中,增强健脾作用,用于脾胃不和,运化失常,食少胀满,倦怠乏力,表虚自汗,胎动不安等。
姜炙厚朴方法与作用:取厚朴,加姜汁拌匀,放置闷润,使姜汁逐渐渗入药物内部,然后置炒制容器内,用文火炒至一定程度,取出晾凉。或者将厚朴与姜汁拌匀,待姜汁被吸尽后,进行干燥。厚朴每100千克用生姜10千克。姜制厚朴可消除对咽喉的刺激性,并能增强宽中和胃的功效。
(4)煎煮方法及用法:引用水浸泡药物20-30分钟,先煎煮鳖甲、牡蛎20-30分钟,再加入其它药物继续煎煮10-15分钟,把药液倒出150~200毫升,再加温水适量,进行第二次煎煮,倒出药液150~200毫升,将两次药液混合,早晚各服用一次,每次150~200毫升。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于,所述治疗肝硬化的中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料药物:鳖甲15份、黄芪30份、白术15份、莪术10份、枳壳15份、白芍15份、牡蛎30份、厚朴15份、桃仁10份、生地15份、党参15份、生甘草5份、茯苓15份。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于,所述治疗肝硬化的中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料药物:鳖甲17份、黄芪35份、白术17份、莪术5份、枳壳18份、白芍11份、牡蛎25份、厚朴12份、桃仁7份、生地18份、党参18份、生甘草5份、茯苓11份。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1不同之处在于,所述治疗肝硬化的中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料药物:鳖甲11份、黄芪25份、白术11份、莪术15份、枳壳12份、白芍17份、牡蛎35份、厚朴18份、桃仁12份、生地12份、党参12份、生甘草5份、茯苓17份。
实施例5中药组合物含药血清对HSC-T6细胞形态学影响
为探讨中药组合物含药血清对HSC-T6凋亡的影响,观察实施例1中中药组合物含药血清处理后HSC-T6细胞的形态学改变。
选用实施例1中中药组合物制备含药血清:将大鼠随机分组为中药组合物高剂量组(H),秋水仙碱组(P)及生理盐水阴性对照组(K)。以成人(60kg)临床剂量换算大鼠的给药剂量,高剂量为人体给药剂量10倍,秋水仙碱组为人体给药剂量5倍。制备血清H组用K组稀释1/2,1/4分别得中剂量组(M),低剂量组(L)。
实验方法:
HSC-T6细胞铺板96孔板,每孔5000个,予以中药组合物含药血清处理24h,分组为BC(正常胎牛血清组)、K、L、M、H、P。荧光倒置显微镜下观察拍照,结果见图1。
从图1中可以看出BC组细胞轮廓清晰,结构呈梭形,细胞壁光滑,且折光性良好,细胞核质均匀,K组形态与与BC基本无差异。药物组随浓度的增加,细胞生长减缓,形态不规则,细胞胞浆萎缩,胞膜气泡,产生凋亡小体,说明中药组合物可诱导HSC-T6凋亡,呈剂量依赖性。
实施例6中药组合物含药血清对HSC-T6细胞凋亡的影响
为探讨中药组合物含药血清对HSC-T6凋亡的影响,检测实施例1中中药组合物的含药血清对HSC-T6细胞凋亡的影响。
中药组合物含药血清的制备、细胞铺板及药物治疗同实施例5。
采用Hochest33342/PI染色观察细胞凋亡情况:弃96孔板中旧培养液。预冷PBS洗2次,动作轻柔。加入Hochest33342染液,每孔50ul液体没过细胞,室温孵育30分钟。弃Hochest33342染液。预冷PBS洗2次,动作轻柔,加入终浓度1ug/ml的PI染液室温孵育1分钟,弃PI染液。预冷PBS洗2次,荧光倒置显微镜下观察拍照,结果如图2所示。
从图2中可以看出,H组较M、L、K和BC组出现更多染色质凝集,细胞核着色深,核固缩、变性、碎裂等典型细胞凋亡特征性变化,随浓度提高凋亡特征性变化越明显,说明中药组合物可诱导HSC-T6细胞凋亡。
实施例7中药组合物含药血清对HSC-T6细胞中α-SMA表达的影响
为探讨中药组合物含药血清对HSC-T6活化的影响,检测实施例1中中药组合物的含药血清对HSC-T6细胞中α-SMA表达的影响,以GAPDH作为内参。
中药组合物含药血清的制备、细胞铺板及药物治疗同实施例5。
(1)药物处理、蛋白提取定量:常规铺板细胞至6cm小皿,予以中药组合物含药血清处理细胞24h。RIPA裂解,提取蛋白,BCA定量,蛋白变性。
(2)WB法检测药物处理后HSC-T6细胞中α-SMA(α-平滑肌肌动蛋白)的表达:制备10%胶,每孔上样20μg。电泳,转膜,5%BSA室温封闭2h,一抗4℃过夜孵育,TBST洗3次,二抗常为孵育2h,TBST洗3次,使用HRP-ECL化学发光液进行曝光。WB结果见图3。
从图3中可以看出,与BC、K组比较,药物L、M、H及P组可显著降低HSC-T6内α-SMA蛋白的表达,呈剂量依赖性,说明中药组合物可显著抑制HSC-T6细胞的活化。
实施例8案例
周某,男,60岁。慢性乙型肝炎病史10年,右胁疼痛,精神抑郁,腹胀纳差,倦怠乏力,便溏,舌质淡有齿痕,苔黄,脉沉弦。查乙肝五项:乙肝表面抗原(+)、e抗体(+)、核心抗体(+);肝功能:ALT 45U/L,AST 36U/L;肝胆B超:肝实质回声增粗(早期肝硬化)。西医诊断乙型肝炎后早期肝硬化。中医诊断胁痛(肝郁脾虚)。治宜:疏肝健脾。处方:鳖甲15份、黄芪30份、白术15份、茯苓15份、薏苡仁30份、莪术10份、枳壳15份、白芍15份、牡蛎30份、厚朴15份、生地15份、党参15份、焦山楂10份、焦麦芽10份、甘草5份。14剂。二诊:胁痛疼痛减缓,食欲尚可,便溏、乏力减缓。守方继续治疗2个月后,不适症状基本消除,查肝功、肾功正常,肝胆B超见早期肝硬化明显好转。说明药物有效,且无明显毒负作用。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗肝硬化的中药组合物,包括以下重量份的原料药物:鳖甲10份~20份、黄芪20份~40份、白术10份~20份、莪术5份~15份、枳壳10份~20份、白芍10份~20份、牡蛎20份~40份、厚朴10份~20份、桃仁5份~15份、生地10份~20份、党参10份~20份、生甘草5份~10份、茯苓10份~20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料药物:鳖甲11份~17份、黄芪25份~35份、白术11份~17份、莪术5份~15份、枳壳12份~18份、白芍11份~17份、牡蛎25份~35份、厚朴12份~18份、桃仁7份~12份、生地12份~18份、党参12份~18份、生甘草5份、茯苓11份~17份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料药物:鳖甲15份、黄芪30份、白术15份、莪术10份、枳壳15份、白芍15份、牡蛎30份、厚朴15份、桃仁10份、生地15份、党参15份、生甘草5份、茯苓15份。
4.一种治疗肝硬化的中药制剂,包括权利要求1至3任一所述的中药组合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂还包括药学上可接受的辅料。
6.根据权利要求4所述的中药制剂,所述中药制剂为口服剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的中药制剂,所述中药制剂的剂型为胶囊、片剂、丸剂、滴剂、颗粒剂、散剂、锭剂、煎膏剂或糖浆剂。
8.根据权利要求4所述的中药制剂,所述中药制剂为缓释片、软胶囊、软膏剂或涂膜剂。
9.根据权利要求4至8任一项所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂中生药含量为51.25%-68.33%。
10.权利要求4至9任一项所述中药制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.将鳖甲打碎,加水煎煮5~10min;将牡蛎打碎,加水煎煮5~10min;将两者混合,加入其余原料药物,加水煎煮,得中药水提物;
S2.将步骤S1中中药水提物与辅料结合制成制剂。
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