CN112547462A - 一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112547462A
CN112547462A CN202011322952.7A CN202011322952A CN112547462A CN 112547462 A CN112547462 A CN 112547462A CN 202011322952 A CN202011322952 A CN 202011322952A CN 112547462 A CN112547462 A CN 112547462A
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sampling needle
cathode
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孙立东
赵凯岐
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

本发明涉及金属材料表面超疏水涂层制备领域,具体是一种适用于采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法。本发明首先采用包覆阴极的三电极动态同轴刻蚀法,在采样针表面构建微米级粗糙结构;再利用浸渍提拉成膜法,在具有微米粗糙结构的采样针基体表面制备聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)薄膜;经热处理后,采样针的表面呈滚动超疏水状态。通过该方法制备的采样针超疏水涂层具有良好的耐磨性能,不仅能够减少表面挂液,降低表面携带污染率,提高采样针检测精度,更能提高超疏水采样针的使用寿命,具有良好的工业应用前景。

Description

一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及金属材料表面超疏水涂层制备领域,具体是一种适用于采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法。
背景技术
采样针广泛应用于生物检测、医用诊断设备、科学研究检测仪器等领域。目前,我国高端医用诊断设备和检测仪器所使用采样针严重依赖进口,采样针表面亲水性和毛细作用力会导致其表面挂液严重,对下次检测样品造成携带污染,降低样品检测精度,是国际上公认的瓶颈问题。目前,较为有效的方式是在其表面构建超疏水涂层,以减少甚至避免样品试剂及冲洗液在采样针内外表面和端面的残留。超疏水涂层的构建一般需要具备两个条件,一是表面具有微/纳米粗糙结构,二是涂层具有低表面能。对于金属或者合金材料,表面微/纳米粗糙结构可通过电化学法实现的。例如通过电化学阳极氧化法可在微米结构的粗糙表面上制备出纳米结构,再用低表面能材料修饰后可实现超疏水表面的制备。但是,电化学法制备的纳米结构与微米结构的界面处力学性能较差,在实际应用中存在结合力差等问题。例如,采样针在使用过程中,其外表面和端面会与样品试剂瓶的硅胶瓶盖发生摩擦,多次摩擦后外表面和端面的超疏水性能将会下降,这就为其实际应用带来了难题。因此,如何在采样针表面制备耐磨超疏水涂层,抑制表面挂液,降低携带污染率,增加采样针使用寿命,进而提高设备检测精度和效率是亟待解决的难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1〕清洗并干燥采样针、封口阴极管和阴极丝;
2〕在阴极丝表面涂覆高分子聚合物溶液并烘干;
3〕将阴极丝穿入阴极管内,固定阴极丝在阴极管的轴心处,作为阴极,将采样针插入阴极管内,阴极丝插入采样针内;
4〕阴极管的一端管口连接动态溶液补给装置;
5〕采样针接电源正极、阴极丝和阴极管接电源负极;通电后,所述动态溶液补给装置向阴极管内注入刻蚀电解液,进行电化学刻蚀;
6〕电化学刻蚀完成后,清洗并烘干采样针;
7〕将采样针垂直插入到聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)溶液中,保持一定时间后上提采样针;
8〕取出并烘干采样针,获得面耐磨超疏水涂层的采样针。
进一步,步骤7结束后的后续处理是:步骤9〕对采样针进行热处理。
进一步,采样针的材质为铁素体不锈钢(例如409、430)、奥氏体不锈钢(例如316、316L、304、304L)、马氏体不锈钢(例如410、420)等不锈钢材质中的一种;阴极丝的材质为不锈钢丝、铜丝、铁丝、铂丝、钛丝等导电材质中的一种;
进一步,阴极管材质为金属管、合金管、石墨管等导电材质中的一种;阴极管封口材质为与阴极管材质保持一致;中心开孔的尺寸与阴极丝直径保持一致,距中心开孔处3mm,沿中心线再开两个直径为1.5mm的圆孔作为溶液流入孔,清洗时间为0.5~4h。
进一步,步骤1〕中,将采样针、封口阴极管和阴极丝依次在去污剂、酒精、去离子水中分别进行超声震荡清洗,清洗时间为0.5~4h;之后将采样针、阴极管和阴极丝用氮气喷枪吹干;再将采样针、阴极管和阴极丝进行干燥处理,干燥温度为50~80℃,干燥时间为0.5~4h。
进一步,步骤2〕中,以步骤2〕中干燥后的阴极丝为基体,反复在其表面涂覆高分子聚合物溶液;高分子聚合物溶液溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的一种,溶质为聚乳酸(PLA)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)等高分子材料中的一种,高分子聚合物溶液浓度为10~100g/L,涂覆次数为2~30次。
高分子聚合物溶液溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的一种,溶质为聚乳酸(PLA)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)等高分子材料中的一种,高分子聚合物溶液浓度为10~100g/L,涂覆次数为2~30次。
进一步,步骤3〕中,将阴极丝穿入阴极管内,固定阴极丝在阴极管的轴心处,作为阴极,将采样针作为阳极,垂直插入阴极管内,阴极丝插入采样针内,固定阴极丝、阴极管和采样针的相对位置;
进一步,步骤4〕中,阴极管垂直固定,其下端管口连接动态溶液补给装置;
进一步,步骤5〕中,通过蠕动泵输送刻蚀电解液;电化学刻蚀溶液的溶剂为水、乙二醇、丙三醇等常用溶剂中的一种或几种;溶质为氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙、氯化铜、氯化铁、溴化钠、溴化钙、溴化钾、溴化铜、溴化铁等卤族化合物中的一种,溶液浓度为0.05~3mol/L;电化学刻蚀电压为5~40V,电化学刻蚀时间为0.5~120min。
进一步,所述步骤7〕中,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)乳液为PTFE颗粒分散在水中的乳液,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的质量分数为20~60%,采样针浸入乳液时间为2~60s,提拉速度为20~200mm/min。
进一步,热处理温度为360~380℃,热处理时间为0.5~3h。
值得说明的是,本发明首先采用包覆阴极的三电极动态同轴刻蚀法,在采样针表面构建微米级粗糙结构;再利用浸渍提拉成膜法,在具有微米粗糙结构的采样针基体表面制备聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)薄膜;经热处理后,采样针的表面呈滚动超疏水状态。通过该方法制备的采样针超疏水涂层具有良好的耐磨性能,不仅能够减少表面挂液,降低表面携带污染率,提高采样针检测精度,更能提高超疏水采样针的使用寿命,具有良好的工业应用前景。
通过本发明方法制得采样针(医学检验用),具有以下显著优点及有益效果:
1.减少采样针的携带污染率,提高样品检测精度;
2.适用性广,对采样针尺寸没有要求;
3.涂层耐耐磨性能好,增加采样针使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是采样针电化学刻蚀装置示意图。图中,1、采样针;2、封口阴极管(封口端打孔);3、阴极丝(包覆高分子聚合物薄膜);4、输液管;5、蠕动泵;6、刻蚀电解液储液罐;7、直流电源。
图2是经过电化学刻蚀后的采样针外表面扫描电子显微图。
图3是具有耐磨超疏水涂层的采样针外表面接触角测试图。
图4是经过与硅胶瓶盖上下摩擦100个周期后的耐磨超疏水采样针外表面接触角测试图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但不应该理解为本发明上述主题范围仅限于下述实施例。在不脱离本发明上述技术思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段,做出各种替换和变更,均应包括在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1:
本实施例采用的装置如附图1所示,图中,输液管4一端连接蠕动泵5的出液口、另一端连接阴极管2的下端进口。通过蠕动泵5可以向阴极管2内部供液。所述蠕动泵5的进口通过管道,连接刻蚀电解液储液罐6,可以通过阀门的启闭,让刻蚀电解液进入蠕动泵5,进而被蠕动泵5输送给阴极管2。刻蚀电解液输送给阴极管2后,从阴极管2上端管口和/或从采样针1的上端溢出。输液管4的下方具有用于收集溢出液体的收集槽。直流电源7为反应供电。
本实施例中,包括以下步骤:
一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1〕将采样针、封口阴极管和阴极丝依次在去污剂、酒精、去离子水中分别进行超声震荡清洗,清洗时间为0.5~4h;之后将采样针、阴极管和阴极丝用氮气喷枪吹干;再将采样针、阴极管和阴极丝进行干燥处理,干燥温度为50~80℃,干燥时间为0.5~4h。
2〕在阴极丝表面涂覆高分子聚合物溶液并烘干;
3〕将阴极丝穿入阴极管内,固定阴极丝在阴极管的轴心处,作为阴极,将采样针作为阳极,垂直插入阴极管内,阴极丝插入采样针内,尽量保证采样针与阴极管和阴极丝双同轴;
4〕将阴极丝穿入阴极管内,固定阴极丝在阴极管的轴心处,作为阴极,将采样针作为阳极,垂直插入阴极管内,阴极丝插入采样针内,保证采样针与阴极管和阴极丝双同轴;即阴极丝穿入阴极管内、采样针插入阴极管内、阴极丝插入采样针内,固定阴极丝、阴极管和采样针的相对位置,即尽量保证采样针与阴极管和阴极丝双同轴;阴极管的一端管口连接动态溶液补给装置;优选地,所述阴极管材质为金属管、合金管、石墨管等导电材质中的一种;阴极管封口材质为与阴极管材质保持一致;上端管口的中心开孔供阴极丝和采样针,开孔的尺寸与阴极丝直径保持一致,距中心开孔处3mm,沿中心线再开两个直径为1.5mm的圆孔作为溶液流入口。实施例中,使得阴极管的下端管口连接动态溶液补给装置;
5〕采样针接电源正极,阴极丝和阴极管接电源负极;通电后,打开蠕动泵开关通入刻蚀电解液并控制流速,当刻蚀电解液从阴极管上端流出时,接通电源在恒压条件下进行电化学刻蚀;
6〕电化学刻蚀完成后,清洗并烘干采样针;
7〕将采样针垂直插入到聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)溶液中,保持一定时间后上提采样针;所述聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)乳液为PTFE颗粒分散在水中的乳液,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的质量分数为20~60%,采样针浸入乳液时间为2~60s,提拉速度为20~200mm/min。
8〕取出并烘干采样针。
9〕对采样针进行热处理,热处理温度为360~380℃,热处理时间为0.5~3h,获得面耐磨超疏水涂层的采样针。
实施例2
本实施例主要步骤同实施例1,进一步:本实施例中,
步骤1〕的采样针(内径为0.4mm,壁厚为0.2mm,材质为316L奥氏体不锈钢)、封口不锈钢阴极管(内径为6mm)(封口中心打直径为0.15mm的孔)和不锈钢丝阴极(直径为0.15mm)依次在去污剂、酒精、去离子水中分别进行超声震荡清洗,清洗时间分别为2h;干燥温度为50℃,干燥时间为1h;
步骤(2)中,以干燥后的阴极丝为基体,反复在其表面涂覆高分子聚合物溶液(溶质为聚偏氟乙烯,溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮),溶液浓度为10g/L,涂覆次数为15~20次;烘干处理的干燥温度为60℃,干燥时间为1h;
步骤5〕中,采样针外表面接电源正极,阴极丝和阴极管接电源负极,打开蠕动泵开关通入刻蚀电解液(浓度为0.5mol/L的氯化钠水溶液)并控制流速为8mL/min,当刻蚀电解液从阴极管上端流出时,接通电源在恒压条件下进行电化学刻蚀,电压为12V,刻蚀时间为3min;
步骤6)中,获得的采样针用去离子水进行清洗,并进行烘干处理,烘干温度为60℃,干燥时间为2h;
步骤7)中,得到的干燥的采样针垂直插入到质量浓度为60wt%的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)溶液,保持20s后上提采样针,提拉速度为200mm/min;
步骤8)中,将采样针进行烘干处理,烘干温度为70℃,干燥时间为0.5h;
步骤9)中,采样针进行热处理,热处理时,加热温度为370℃,热处理时间为1.5h,升温速度为2.5℃/min。
本实施例的相关性能数据如下:
经过电化学刻蚀后的采样针内外表面和端面具有一定的微米级粗糙结构,参见图2扫描电镜形貌图。再经过浸渍提拉成膜法,在具有微米粗糙结构的采样针基体表面制备聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)薄膜。处理后的采样针的内外表面和端面均呈现滚动超疏水状态,在与体积约为6μL的水滴接触时,不会出现挂液现象,液滴会沿着采样针外表面迅速滚下,参见图3接触角测试图。处理后的采样针在垂直于米字开孔的硅胶瓶盖上下摩擦100周期后,外表面仍呈滚动超疏水状态,具有较好的耐磨性能,参见图4接触角测试图。
实施例3
与实施例1或2不同之处在于:
步骤(1)中,采样针内径为0.8mm,材质为304奥氏体不锈钢,阴极封口管材质为钛合金,阴极丝材质为钛丝。
步骤(4)中,高分子聚合物溶质为聚乳酸(PLA),溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),溶液浓度为30g/L,涂覆次数为2~8次。
步骤(8)中,刻蚀电解液是浓度为1mol/L的氯化钠的乙二醇溶液,刻蚀电解液流速为10mL/min,刻蚀电压为5V,刻蚀时间为10min。
步骤(10)中,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)溶液质量浓度为40wt%,提拉速度为100mm/min。
步骤(12)中,热处理温度为360℃,热处理时间为3h。
实施例4
与实施例1或2不同之处在于:
步骤(1)中,采样针内径为1mm,材质为316奥氏体不锈钢,阴极封口管材质为铝合金,封口管内径为8mm,阴极丝材质为铁丝,直径为0.2mm。
步骤(4)中,高分子聚合物溶质为聚氯乙烯(PVC),溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),溶液浓度为15g/L,涂覆次数为5~10次。
步骤(8)中,刻蚀电解液是浓度为1.5mol/L的溴化钠的水溶液,刻蚀电解液流速为8mL/min,刻蚀电压为25V,刻蚀时间为100s。
步骤(10)中,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)溶液质量浓度为45wt%,提拉速度为50mm/min。
步骤(12)中,热处理温度为380℃,热处理时间为1h。
实施例5
与实施例1或2不同之处在于:
步骤(1)中,采样针内径为1.2mm,材质为304L奥氏体不锈钢,封口管阴极材质为铜合金,封口管内径为10mm,阴极丝材质为铜丝,直径为0.3mm。
步骤(2)中,高分子聚合物溶质为聚氯乙烯(PVC),溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),溶液浓度为30g/L,涂覆次数为5~8次。
步骤(5)中,刻蚀电解液是浓度为2mol/L的氯化钙的水溶液,刻蚀电解液流速为15mL/min,刻蚀电压为30V,刻蚀时间为0.5min。
步骤(7)中,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)溶液质量浓度为35wt%,提拉速度为25mm/min。
实施例6
与实施例1或2不同之处在于:
步骤(1)中,采样针的材质为410马氏体不锈钢,内径为0.6mm。
步骤(2)中,刻蚀电解液是浓度为1.5mol/L的溴化钾的水溶液,刻蚀电解液流速为10mL/min,刻蚀电压为14V,刻蚀时间为1.5min。
步骤(9)中,热处理温度为380℃,热处理时间为0.5h。
实施例7
与实施例1或2不同之处在于:
步骤(1)中,采样针的材质为430铁素体不锈钢。
步骤(7)中,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)溶液质量浓度为50wt%,提拉速度为150mm/min。
实施例8
与实施例1或2不同之处在于:
步骤(1)中,采样针的材质为420马氏体不锈钢,内径为0.9mm。
步骤(5)中,刻蚀电解液是浓度为0.5mol/L的氯化钠的水和丙三醇溶液(水与丙三醇的体积比为1:1),刻蚀电解液流速为25mL/min,刻蚀电压为40V,刻蚀时间为0.5min。
步骤(7)中,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)溶液质量浓度为45wt%,提拉速度为150mm/min。
实施例9
与实施例1或2不同之处在于:
步骤(1)中,采样针的材质为409铁素体不锈钢。
步骤(5)中,刻蚀电解液是浓度为0.15mol/L的氯化钠的丙三醇溶液,刻蚀电解液流速为25mL/min,刻蚀电压为35V,刻蚀时间为10min。
步骤(7)中,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)溶液质量浓度为55wt%,提拉速度为80mm/min。
实施例结果表明,本发明利用包覆阴极的三电极动态同轴电化学刻蚀法,在采样针内外表上构建出微/纳米二级粗糙结构,再利用浸渍提拉成膜法,在具有微米粗糙结构的采样针基体表面制备聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)薄膜。本发明制备的采样针的内外表面和端面呈滚动超疏水状态且具有良好的耐磨性能,可降低了采样针携带污染概率,提高了采样针的使用寿命,可广泛地应用于采样针超疏水耐磨涂层制备领域。

Claims (9)

1.一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1〕清洗并干燥采样针、封口阴极管和阴极丝;
2〕在阴极丝表面涂覆高分子聚合物溶液并烘干;
3〕将阴极丝穿入阴极管内,固定阴极丝在阴极管的轴心处,作为阴极,将采样针插入阴极管内,阴极丝插入采样针内;
4〕阴极管的一端管口连接动态溶液补给装置;
5〕采样针接电源正极、阴极丝和阴极管接电源负极;通电后,所述动态溶液补给装置向阴极管内注入刻蚀电解液,进行电化学刻蚀;
6〕电化学刻蚀完成后,清洗并烘干采样针;
7〕将采样针垂直插入到聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)溶液中,保持一定时间后上提采样针;
8〕取出并烘干采样针,获得面耐磨超疏水涂层的采样针。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤7结束后的后续处理是:步骤9〕对采样针进行热处理。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:
采样针的材质为铁素体不锈钢、奥氏体不锈钢、马氏体不锈钢等不锈钢材质中的一种;阴极丝的材质为不锈钢丝、铜丝、铁丝、铂丝、钛丝等导电材质中的一种;
阴极管材质为金属管、合金管、石墨管等导电材质中的一种;阴极管封口材质为与阴极管材质保持一致;中心开孔的尺寸与阴极丝直径保持一致,距中心开孔处3mm,沿中心线再开两个直径为1.5mm的圆孔作为溶液流入孔,清洗时间为0.5~4h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1〕中,将采样针、封口阴极管和阴极丝依次在去污剂、酒精、去离子水中分别进行超声震荡清洗,清洗时间为0.5~4h;之后将采样针、阴极管和阴极丝用氮气喷枪吹干;再将采样针、阴极管和阴极丝进行干燥处理,干燥温度为50~80℃,干燥时间为0.5~4h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2〕中,以步骤2〕中干燥后的阴极丝为基体,反复在其表面涂覆高分子聚合物溶液。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤3〕中,将阴极丝穿入阴极管内,固定阴极丝在阴极管的轴心处,作为阴极,将采样针作为阳极,垂直插入阴极管内,阴极丝插入采样针内,固定阴极丝、阴极管和采样针的相对位置;
步骤4〕中,阴极管垂直固定,其下端管口连接动态溶液补给装置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤5〕中,通过蠕动泵输送刻蚀电解液;电化学刻蚀溶液的溶剂为水、乙二醇、丙三醇等常用溶剂中的一种或几种;溶质为氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙、氯化铜、氯化铁、溴化钠、溴化钙、溴化钾、溴化铜、溴化铁等卤族化合物中的一种,溶液浓度为0.05~3mol/L;电化学刻蚀电压为5~40V,电化学刻蚀时间为0.5~120min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述步骤7〕中,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)乳液为PTFE颗粒分散在水中的乳液,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的质量分数为20~60%,采样针浸入乳液时间为2~60s,提拉速度为20~200mm/min。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种采样针表面耐磨超疏水涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:热处理温度为360~380℃,热处理时间为0.5~3h。
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CN112593280A (zh) * 2020-11-23 2021-04-02 重庆大学 一种空心针内外表面及端面超疏水涂层的制备方法
CN114082624A (zh) * 2021-11-22 2022-02-25 江苏科技大学 一种耐久性超疏水蜡烛烟灰涂层及制备方法
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