CN112543803A - 中和硫酸铵溶液的设备和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
在中和蒸气洗涤器(B1)中,用来自蒸发器(V1)的蒸气洗涤从含氨蒸气中获得的酸性硫酸铵溶液,直到硫酸铵溶液的pH值处于中性范围内。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于中和在蒸发有机基质以及随后在洗涤所谓的蒸气洗涤器中的蒸气的期间所产生的硫酸铵溶液(ASL)的设备和方法。
背景技术
有机基质又称为生物质-例如污泥或可再生原材料中的生物质(NaWaRo)。有机基质可以收集自生物质储存器、所谓的预备坑、预酵罐、发酵罐,例如沼气发酵罐;或者可以例如是来自农场的粪肥或可泵送的生物质。原则上,任何有机基质均可在发酵罐或其他分解模块中得以分解。这些基质中高比例的氮会在所谓的蒸发器(例如沼气系统中采用的蒸发器)中转化为有毒的氨(NH3 H2O)。
专利文献DE 10 2009 036 874 A1揭示了一种以能量优化方式从含氨或含铵化合物液体(例如粪肥,沼气系统的流出物等)中提取铵盐的设备或方法,其中液相经历解吸器汽提过程,其中在汽提塔中逆流引导蒸气,其中在吸收阶段用含酸和/或含盐的水溶液、尤其是硫酸的硫酸铵溶液洗涤富含氨的蒸气流,以将氨完全转化为铵盐,且其中将离开吸收阶段的蒸气流返送回解吸器,形成循环,并在此处用作解吸介质。
参照现有技术,欧洲专利申请EP 2 808 304 A1揭示了来自厌氧过程的含氨离子和/或铵离子的水性有机残余物因蒸发而增稠。这些残余物例如收集自沼气生成系统、污水处理系统的发酵塔或畜牧业。这类残余物常称为发酵残余物。因蒸发而产生浓缩物,该浓缩物相应地又被称为残余或发酵浓缩物,其可用作农场肥料。作为汽相,产生富含氨的蒸气,其基本上由水蒸汽和气态氨组成。
这样由水蒸汽和气态氨组成的蒸气在所谓的蒸气洗涤器中通过添加酸(一般为硫酸)来进行“洗涤”。碱性氨与酸反应形成硫酸铵溶液。从蒸气洗涤器中排出的水蒸汽应尽可能不含氨,以便在冷凝后可以将其排放到废水中。这一点可以通过“洗涤”低pH范围内(例如pH=3)的硫酸氨溶液来实现。pH值越低,冷凝物越纯净。
但是,pH值约为PH=3时获得的硫酸铵溶液的缺陷在于,在pH值低于4时很难运输,因为它被归类为危险品,所有长期密封的材料都可能引发某些问题,尤其是施用时,ASL极耗石灰,施用时可能烧灼植被。因此,施用前应提高pH值。
德国专利申请DE 10 2010 017 334 A1揭示了一种用于处理来自厌氧过程的含氨和/或含铵的水性有机残余物的方法,以及一种用于实施该方法的系统。首先将来自蒸发器的含氨蒸气冷凝,随后进行进一步处理,以通过汽提从冷凝物中去除氨。为了在汽提过程中调节pH值,需要碱液,例如氢氧化钠溶液。最后,必须再次中和pH值才能排放到水中,为此需要再次使用化学品。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种设备和方法,利用该设备和方法,在洗涤蒸汽期间,就将从有机残余物的蒸发过程中获得的硫酸铵溶液中和。
附图说明
下面结合附图来描述本发明的实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于中和硫酸铵溶液的设备,该设备包括蒸发器V1至Vn和蒸气洗涤器B1至Bn。在第一蒸气洗涤器B1的上游布置有所谓的中和蒸气洗涤器BO。蒸气洗涤器B2至Bn各自与蒸发器V2至Vn相关联,而中和蒸气洗涤器BO与第一蒸发器V1相关联。
例如来自沼气系统、污水处理系统或畜牧业的含氨残余物,例如作为发酵残余物,经由输入端G1至Gn供送到蒸发器V1至Vn。就多级蒸发系统而言,来自上游蒸发器Vn-1的发酵残余物供送到蒸发器Vn。也可以从不同的来源输送给蒸发器V1至Vn。
在蒸发器V1至Vn中产生的蒸气经由出口D1至Dn和入口E0、E2至En输送到蒸气洗涤器BO、B2至Bn。部分净化的蒸气经由出口WO和入口E1供送到蒸气洗涤器B1。
在蒸气洗涤器B1至Bn中获得的硫酸铵溶液经由这些蒸气洗涤器的ASL出口A1至An并经由公共管线ASL返送回中和蒸气洗涤器BO。来自蒸气洗涤器B1至Bn的净化蒸气(水蒸汽)经由管线W1至Wn离开这些蒸气洗涤器,并可以在冷凝后排放到废水中。为此,例如也可以借助真空泵以已知的方式集中抽吸净化蒸气。如从现有技术中众所周知,冷凝期间释放的热量可以用于加热蒸发器V2至Vn。
来自蒸发器V1至Vn的蒸气具有pH值为6-8的氨含量,即近乎中性范围内。如果要用此pH值洗涤蒸气,则产生的“水蒸汽”仍将富含氨,无法排放到废水中。因此,在蒸气洗涤器B1至Bn中洗涤蒸气,直到经由管线ASL排出的硫酸铵溶液的pH值约为pH=3,尤其是介于2.2至3.2之间。可以使用pH探针以本领域技术人员已知的方式测量pH值。为了清楚起见,图中便未示出这类探针。
在pH值介于2.2至3.2之间的情况下,净化蒸汽的清洁程度足以在冷凝后排放到废水中。另一方面,硫酸铵溶液仍为相对酸性,即其仍含硫酸,从而会出现前文所述的缺陷。
因此,来自蒸气洗涤器B1到Bn的硫酸铵溶液返送回蒸气洗涤器BO,并且pH值在此处约升高到pH=7,即处于中性范围内。但不必为了提高pH值而添加碱液,而是为此利用来自蒸发器V1的蒸气。
来自蒸发器V1的蒸气经由出口D1进入到中和蒸气洗涤器BO中。蒸气的pH值为pH=6至pH=8,因此可以用该蒸气将收集在蒸气洗涤器BO中的硫酸铵溶液的pH值升高到pH≥6。为此,将硫酸铵溶液循环泵入到中和蒸气洗涤器BO中,直至达到期望的pH值,然后将其排出,随后又将新的硫酸铵溶液经由管路ASL从蒸气洗涤器B1到Bn送入到中和蒸气洗涤器BO中,并且重复该过程。
然后将这样中和的硫酸铵溶液经由管线A0排放。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于中和硫酸铵溶液的设备,其包括:
至少一个蒸发器(V1-Vn);
至少一个蒸气洗涤器(BO,B1-Bn),所述至少一个蒸气洗涤器具有蒸气入口(E0,E1-En)、经洗涤的硫酸铵溶液的ASL出口(A0,A1-An)以及经洗涤的蒸气的蒸汽出口(WO,W1-Wn),
其特征在于,
设置中和蒸气洗涤器(BO),所述中和蒸气洗涤器具有至少一个ASL入口(EASL)、蒸汽出口(WO)、蒸气入口(EO)和ASL出口(AO),其中,所述至少一个蒸气洗涤器(B1-Bn)的ASL出口(A1-An)与所述中和蒸气洗涤器(BO)的入口(EASL)连接,并且所述中和蒸气洗涤器的含氨蒸气的蒸气入口(EO)与所述蒸发器(V1)的蒸气出口(D1)连接,且其中,所述中和蒸气洗涤器(BO)的蒸气出口(WO)与所述蒸气洗涤器(B1)的蒸汽入口(E1)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,出自另外的蒸气洗涤器(B2至Bn)的ASL出口(A2至An)与所述中和蒸气洗涤器(BO)的ASL入口(EASL)连接。
3.一种用于中和硫酸铵溶液的方法,其利用
至少一个蒸发器(V1-Vn);
至少一个蒸气洗涤器(BO,B1-Bn),所述至少一个蒸气洗涤器各自具有硫酸铵溶液的ASL出口(A1-An),
其中,在所述至少一个蒸气洗涤器(B1-Bn)中洗涤来自所述至少一个蒸发器(V1-Vn)的蒸气,直到经由所述ASL出口(A1-An)排出的硫酸铵溶液的pH值约等于3,尤其是介于2.2至3.2之间,
其特征在于,
设置中和蒸气洗涤器(BO),将在所述至少一个蒸气洗涤器(B1-Bn)中获得的硫酸铵溶液反向输送回所述中和蒸气洗涤器中,并在此处用来自所述第一蒸发器(V1)的蒸气进行洗涤,使得所获得的硫酸铵溶液的pH值处于中性范围内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,将从另外的蒸气洗涤器(B2至Bn)获得的硫酸铵溶液输送到所述中和蒸气洗涤器(BO)中。
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DE102018120720.4A DE102018120720B4 (de) | 2018-08-24 | 2018-08-24 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Neutralisierung einer Ammoniumsulfatlösung |
PCT/DE2019/100666 WO2020038518A1 (de) | 2018-08-24 | 2019-07-18 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur neutralisierung einer ammoniumsulfatlösung |
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DE102018120720B4 (de) | 2022-06-23 |
DE102018120720A1 (de) | 2020-02-27 |
EP3799599B1 (de) | 2022-04-06 |
PL3799599T3 (pl) | 2022-07-04 |
ES2920328T3 (es) | 2022-08-02 |
EP3799599A1 (de) | 2021-04-07 |
WO2020038518A1 (de) | 2020-02-27 |
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