CN112535080A - Method for improving formation rate of fusiform tuberous roots for combined spicebush root medicines - Google Patents
Method for improving formation rate of fusiform tuberous roots for combined spicebush root medicines Download PDFInfo
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- CN112535080A CN112535080A CN202011433648.XA CN202011433648A CN112535080A CN 112535080 A CN112535080 A CN 112535080A CN 202011433648 A CN202011433648 A CN 202011433648A CN 112535080 A CN112535080 A CN 112535080A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the formation rate of fusiform tuberous roots for lindera aggregate, which comprises the following steps: firstly, culturing lindera aggregata plants and screening taproot systems, namely planting the lindera aggregata seedlings in a specially designed container, screening 10-15 taproots with potential spindle-shaped tuberous roots from each plant after 1 year of culture, clamping and fixing the tail parts of the roots, and preventing the root tips from continuing to extend; secondly, the screened taproots are put into a container bag of the formula substrate after being processed by the technology, and the opening part of the container bag is fixed on the original growth substrate block by a plastic nail; digging a planting ditch, placing the treated lindera aggregata plant into the planting ditch, backfilling soil, and culturing for 3-4 years, wherein 80-90% of straight roots cultured in the container bag are converted into spindle-shaped root tubers. The invention basically solves the problems that in the traditional cultivation of the lindera aggregata, the taproots grow and extend in a large amount of nutrition without being converted into underground spindle-shaped tuberous roots, the medicinal underground spindle-shaped tuberous roots are formed less, and the yield is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cultivating lindera aggregata, in particular to a method for improving the formation rate of spindle-shaped root tuber for lindera aggregata.
Background
Radix Linderae is dry root tuber of plant of genus Linderae of Lauraceae, and is grown in sunny slope, valley or sparse forest irrigation at elevation of 200-. Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan provinces, etc. are commonly used qi-regulating herbs. Has effects in dispelling cold, relieving pain, invigorating middle warmer, guiding qi downward, resolving stagnation, increasing gastrointestinal peristalsis, exciting cerebral cortex, accelerating blood circulation, stopping bleeding, and inhibiting bacteria. The Chinese pharmacopoeia stipulates that the taproots which are old in quality and do not form a spindle shape cannot be used for medicine, the raw medicinal materials of the radix linderae usually have three forms of roots, and the maximum amount of the taproots which do not form the spindle shape, the spindle-shaped root tubers are limited, and the number of the aged roots is small in the aspect of medicinal material resources. The wild harvest is mainly used for the lindera aggregata at present, the root tuber of the lindera aggregata in a natural forest stand is in a random state, only 20-30% of plants in the same group can grow to form spindle-shaped root tubers, the root tubers are mostly in a common root system (straight root) form, the wild harvest of the lindera aggregata is blind, and the death of the whole plant is basically used as the cost, so that the serious damage of wild resources is aggravated. In recent years, the radix linderae is developing towards basic planting, and no method for effectively improving the formation rate of spindle-shaped root tuber for the radix linderae exists in the artificial planting technology at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical defects and provides a method for improving the formation rate of fusiform tuberous roots for lindera aggregate by screening out the taproots which can potentially grow fusiform tuberous roots from the taproots and carrying out the steps of clamping, directional culture and natural growth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for improving the formation rate of fusiform tuberous roots for combined spicebush root medicine, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting 1-year-old lindera aggregate seedlings, and planting in spring or autumn;
before planting the lindera aggregata seedlings, firstly designing and manufacturing a planting container, selecting the planting container, paving a layer of root-leading matrix at the edge and the bottom of the planting container, planting the lindera aggregata seedlings in a non-woven fabric bag, selecting a conventional planting matrix as the matrix planted in the non-woven fabric bag, putting the non-woven fabric bag into the planting container, filling the surrounding gap between the non-woven fabric bag and the planting container with the root-leading matrix, placing the container with the planted lindera aggregata seedlings on the ground for culturing for 1 year, and enabling the lindera aggregata seedlings in the container to become lindera aggregata plants;
after the growth period of 1 year, opening the planting container, lightly shaking off the root guiding substrate outside the non-woven fabric bag for standby application, screening out 15-20 straight roots of the lindera aggregata plant growing in the root guiding substrate and having the thickness of 0.5-1cm, and fastening the straight roots at the position 0.5-1.0cm in front of the tail part of the root system by using a buckle; the non-woven fabric bag, the lindera aggregata plants and the planting matrix which are wrapped in the non-woven fabric bag form lindera aggregata plant growing blocks;
fourthly, selecting a culture container, arranging a drain hole on the culture container, sealing the bottom of the culture container, putting the straight roots processed in the third step into the culture container, filling the culture container with the prepared culture medium, and fixing the opening of the culture container on the growth block of the lindera aggregate;
fifthly, selecting a planting base suitable for growth of the combined spicebush roots, digging a planting ditch, putting decomposed organic fertilizer with the thickness of 5-10 cm at the bottom of the planting ditch, covering soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm, lightly placing the combined spicebush roots processed in the third step and the fourth step in the planting ditch, backfilling the soil, and continuously culturing for 3-4 years;
and sixthly, digging out the lindera aggregata plants after continuous cultivation for 3-4 years, and harvesting the spindle-shaped root tubers of the lindera aggregata.
In order to increase the rooting number of the lindera strychnifolia plantlets, the root inducing substrate in the second step comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of peat, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 2-3 parts of compound fertilizer and 5 parts of soil.
For culturing the conversion of the taproots into spindle-shaped tuberous roots, the culture substrate of the step four comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65-68 parts of peat, 5 parts of root guiding matrix smashed in the step two, 20 parts of soil, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.5 part of bamboo charcoal powder and 1-2 parts of plant ash.
In order to fix the top of the culture container on the lindera aggregata growing block, the straight roots can absorb the culture medium conveniently and convert the culture medium into spindle-shaped root tubers, the top of the culture container is fixed on the lindera aggregata plant growing block by adopting a fixing material in the fourth step, and the fixing material is a plastic buckle, a sling buckle, a clamp, a plastic nail or a bamboo nail.
The method for improving the formation rate of the fusiform tuberous root for the combined spicebush root medicine has the advantages that: the proportion of the root of straight lindera strychnifolia converted into the medicinal spindle-shaped tuberous root is increased from the original 20-30 percent to 80-90 percent; the problem that in a traditional combined spicebush root planting mode, the taproots grow nutritionally and grow in an extended mode all the time is avoided, and by limiting the extension of the tissues at the tail ends of the roots, nutrition input nutrition on the overground part is converted into reproductive growth on the taproots from the extended vegetative growth, so that the transformation of the taproots is promoted; a loose culture container which is rich in nutrient substances and symbiotic bacteria (matrix for original root cultivation) is sleeved outside a root system for limiting tissues at the tail end of the root, so that the expanded spindle-shaped root tuber is promoted to be rapidly expanded, nutrients are accumulated, meanwhile, the culture container bag also avoids damage of underground pests, and the yield and the quality of the root tuber of combined spicebush are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the first and second container steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three steps of the straight root screening and processing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the four-root process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cultivation in the planting furrows in step five of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the six spindle-shaped root tuber step of the present invention.
In the figure: the root-leading planting method comprises the following steps of 1 lindera aggregate seedling, 2 root-leading substrate, 3 planting container, 4 straight root with thickness of 0.5-1cm, 5 buckle, 6 culture container, 7 culture substrate, 8 planting ditch, 9 spindle-shaped root tuber, 10 fixing material and 11 non-woven bag.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments in combination with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a method for improving the formation rate of fusiform tuberous roots for combined spicebush medicines, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, as shown in figure 1, firstly, manufacturing a planting container 3, firstly, selecting a plastic planting container 3 with the diameter of 10 cm and the height of 15 cm, then selecting a non-woven bag 11 with the diameter of 8 cm and the height of 10 cm, and firstly, paving a root-leading substrate 2 with the diameter of 5cm at the bottom of the plastic planting container 3;
the root introduction substrate 2 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of peat, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts of compound fertilizer and 5 parts of soil;
selecting 1-year-old lindera aggregate seedlings 1, planting the lindera aggregate seedlings 1 in a non-woven fabric bag 11 every 10 months, placing the non-woven fabric bag 11 in a plastic planting container 3, filling surrounding gaps with a root inducing substrate 2, placing the container 3 with the planted lindera aggregate seedlings 1 on the ground for cultivation, and enabling the lindera aggregate seedlings 1 in the container 3 to become lindera aggregate plants;
and thirdly, after the growth of 1 year, in the next 10 months, the plastic planting container 3 is cut open by a sharp knife, the planting substrate of the middle non-woven cloth bag 11 is not damaged, the root inducing substrate 2 is gently shaken off, and the root system is not damaged. As shown in fig. 2, from the root system of the straight root 4 growing in the root introduction substrate 2, screening out 15 straight roots 4 with the thickness of 0.5-1cm growing in the root introduction substrate 2, fastening the root system at the position 0.5cm in front of the tail part of the root system by using a buckle 5, blocking the nutrient substances from continuously flowing to the tail part of the root, and enabling the nutrient substances to be continuously accumulated subsequently, wherein the straight root 4 is converted into reproductive growth from the elongated vegetative growth; the non-woven cloth bag 11, the lindera aggregata plants and the planting matrix which are wrapped in the non-woven cloth bag form lindera aggregata plant growing blocks;
and fourthly, culturing the processed taproots 4 in a spindle-shaped medicinal tuberous root 9 in a special culture container 6, wherein the culture container 6 is a cylindrical soft plastic container with the diameter of 6 cm and the length of 20 cm, a drain hole is formed in the container 6, and the bottom of the container is sealed, as shown in figure 3. Placing the clamped taproots 4 into a culture container 6, slowly filling the culture container 6 with a prepared culture medium 7, and finally fixing the opening of the culture container 6 on the growth block of the original lindera root plant;
the fixing material 10 is a plastic nail;
the culture substrate 7 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of peat, 5 parts of root guiding matrix smashed in the step two, 20 parts of soil, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.5 part of bamboo charcoal powder and 1 part of plant ash;
fifthly, plant growth and spindle-shaped medicinal root tuber 9 culture: selecting a planting base suitable for growth of the combined spicebush roots, digging a planting ditch 8 with the width of 30 cm and the depth of 50 cm as shown in figure 4, firstly applying a layer of organic fertilizer and vegetable cake mixed matrix with the thickness of 5cm at the bottom of the ditch 8, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 5cm on the ditch, lightly placing the treated plants in the planting ditch 8, backfilling the soil, and continuously culturing the combined spicebush roots for 3-4 years;
sixthly, the lindera aggregate plants grow in the planting furrows 8 for 3 years, and in 10 months, the whole lindera aggregate plants are dug out, the culture bags are opened, and spindle-shaped root tubers 9 are harvested.
The conversion rate of the straight roots 4 into the spindle-shaped tuberous roots 9 after the treatment of the steps is 85.62%, after 4 years, 100 plants treated by the technical point of the patent are selected for spindle-shaped tuberous root harvesting, the average weight of the spindle-shaped tuberous roots 9 harvested by each plant is about 352.4 g, while the average weight of the spindle-shaped tuberous roots 9 harvested by 100 plants in the traditional cultivation mode is about 76.2 g.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a method for improving the formation rate of fusiform tuberous roots for combined spicebush medicines, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, as shown in figure 1, a planting container 3 is manufactured, firstly, a plastic planting container 3 with the diameter of 10 cm and the height of 15 cm is selected, then a non-woven bag 11 with the diameter of 8 cm and the height of 10 cm is selected, and a root inducing substrate 2 with the thickness of 5cm is paved at the bottom of the plastic planting container 3.
The root introduction substrate 2 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of peat, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of compound fertilizer and 5 parts of soil.
Selecting 1-year-old lindera aggregate seedlings 1, planting the lindera aggregate seedlings 1 in a non-woven fabric bag 11 every 12 months, placing the non-woven fabric bag 11 into a plastic planting container 3, filling surrounding gaps with a root inducing substrate 2, placing the container 3 with the planted lindera aggregate seedlings 1 on the ground for cultivation, and enabling the lindera aggregate seedlings 1 in the container 3 to become lindera aggregate plants;
and thirdly, after the growth of 1 year, in 12 months in the next year, the plastic planting container 3 is cut open by a sharp knife, the planting matrix of the middle non-woven cloth bag 11 is not damaged, the root inducing matrix 2 is gently shaken off, and the root system is not damaged. As shown in fig. 2, 20 straight roots 4 with the thickness of 0.5-1cm growing in the root guiding substrate 2 are screened from the root system of the straight roots 4 growing in the root guiding substrate 2, the straight roots are fastened by a buckle 5 at the position 1.0cm in front of the tail part of the root system, nutrient substances are blocked from continuously flowing to the tail part of the root, the nutrient substances are continuously accumulated subsequently, the straight roots 4 are converted into reproductive growth from the elongated vegetative growth, and a non-woven bag 11, the lindera aggregata plant wrapped in the non-woven bag and a planting substrate form a growth block of the lindera aggregata plant;
and fourthly, culturing the processed taproots 4 in a spindle-shaped medicinal tuberous root 9 in a special culture container 6, wherein the culture container 6 is a cylindrical soft plastic container with the diameter of 6 cm and the length of 20 cm, a drain hole is formed in the container 6, and the bottom of the container is sealed, as shown in figure 3. Placing the clamped taproots 4 into a culture container 6, slowly filling the culture container 6 with a prepared culture medium 7, and finally fixing the opening of the culture container 6 on the growth block of the original lindera root plant;
the fixing material 10 is a plastic nail.
The culture substrate 7 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 68 parts of peat, 5 parts of root guiding matrix smashed in the step two, 20 parts of soil, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.5 part of bamboo charcoal powder and 2 parts of plant ash.
Fifthly, plant growth and spindle-shaped medicinal root tuber 9 culture: selecting a planting base suitable for growth of the combined spicebush roots, digging a planting ditch 8 with the width of 30 cm and the depth of 50 cm as shown in figure 4, firstly applying a layer of organic fertilizer and vegetable cake mixed matrix with the thickness of 10 cm at the bottom of the ditch 8, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 10 cm on the ditch, lightly placing the treated plants in the planting ditch 8, backfilling the soil, and continuously culturing the combined spicebush roots for 3-4 years;
sixthly, the lindera aggregate plants grow in the planting furrows 8 for 3-4 years, and in 12 months, the whole lindera aggregate plants are dug out, the culture bags are opened, and spindle-shaped root tubers 9 are harvested as shown in figure 5.
The conversion rate of the straight roots 4 into the spindle-shaped tuberous roots 9 after the treatment of the steps is 87.43%, after 3-4 years, 100 plants treated by the technical point of the patent are selected for harvesting the spindle-shaped tuberous roots 9, the average weight of the spindle-shaped tuberous roots 9 harvested by each plant is about 379.1 g, and the average weight of the spindle-shaped tuberous roots 9 harvested by 100 plants in the same conventional cultivation mode is about 60.8 g.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a method for improving the formation rate of fusiform tuberous roots for combined spicebush medicines, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, as shown in figure 1, a planting container 3 is manufactured, firstly, a plastic planting container 3 with the diameter of 10 cm and the height of 15 cm is selected, then a non-woven bag 11 with the diameter of 8 cm and the height of 10 cm is selected, and a root inducing substrate 2 with the thickness of 5cm is paved at the bottom of the plastic planting container 3.
The root introduction substrate 2 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of peat, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 2.5 parts of compound fertilizer and 5 parts of soil.
Selecting 1-year-old lindera aggregate seedlings 1, planting the lindera aggregate seedlings 1 in a non-woven fabric bag 11 every 11 months, placing the non-woven fabric bag 11 into a plastic planting container 3, filling surrounding gaps with a root inducing substrate 2, placing the container 3 with the planted lindera aggregate seedlings 1 on the ground for cultivation, and enabling the lindera aggregate seedlings 1 in the container 3 to become lindera aggregate plants;
and thirdly, after the growth of 1 year, in the second 11 months, the plastic planting container 3 is cut open by a sharp knife, the planting substrate of the middle non-woven cloth bag 11 is not damaged, the root inducing substrate 2 is gently shaken off, and the root system is not damaged. As shown in fig. 2, 17 straight roots 4 with the thickness of 0.5-1cm growing in the root guiding substrate 2 are screened from the root system of the straight roots 4 growing in the root guiding substrate 2, the straight roots are fastened by a buckle 5 at the position 0.5cm in front of the tail part of the root system, nutrient substances are blocked from continuously flowing to the tail part of the root, the nutrient substances are continuously accumulated subsequently, the straight roots 4 are converted into reproductive growth from the elongated vegetative growth, and a non-woven bag 11, the lindera aggregata plant wrapped in the non-woven bag and a planting substrate form a growth block of the lindera aggregata plant;
and fourthly, culturing the processed taproots 4 in a spindle-shaped medicinal tuberous root 9 in a special culture container 6, wherein the culture container 6 is a cylindrical soft plastic container with the diameter of 6 cm and the length of 20 cm, a drain hole is formed in the container 6, and the bottom of the container is sealed, as shown in figure 3. Placing the clamped taproots 4 into a culture container 6, slowly filling the culture container 6 with a prepared culture medium 7, and finally fixing the opening of the culture container 6 on the growth block of the original lindera root plant;
the fixing material 10 is selected from bamboo nails.
The culture substrate 7 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 66.5 parts of peat, 5 parts of root guiding matrix smashed in the step two, 20 parts of soil, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.5 part of bamboo charcoal powder and 1.5 parts of plant ash.
Fifthly, plant growth and spindle-shaped medicinal root tuber 9 culture: selecting a planting base suitable for growth of the combined spicebush roots, digging a planting ditch 8 with the width of 30 cm and the depth of 50 cm as shown in figure 4, firstly applying a layer of organic fertilizer and vegetable cake mixed matrix with the thickness of 7 cm at the bottom of the ditch 8, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 7 cm on the ditch, lightly placing the treated plants in the planting ditch 8, backfilling the soil, and continuously culturing the combined spicebush roots for 3-4 years;
sixthly, the lindera aggregate plants grow in the planting furrows 8 for 3-4 years, and in 11 months, the whole lindera aggregate plants are dug out, the culture bags are opened, and spindle-shaped root tubers 9 are harvested.
The conversion rate of the straight roots 4 into the spindle-shaped tuberous roots 9 after the treatment of the steps is 82.15%, after 3-4 years, 100 plants treated by the technical point of the patent are selected for harvesting the spindle-shaped tuberous roots 9, the average weight of the spindle-shaped tuberous roots 9 harvested by each plant is 365.4 g, and the average weight of the spindle-shaped tuberous roots 9 harvested by 100 plants in the same traditional cultivation mode is 69.8 g.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the formation rate of fusiform tuberous roots for combined spicebush root medicines is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting 1-year-old lindera aggregate seedlings (1), and planting in spring or autumn;
secondly, before planting the lindera aggregata seedlings (1), firstly designing and manufacturing a planting container (3), selecting the planting container (3), paving a layer of root guiding matrix (2) at the edge and the bottom of the planting container (3), planting the lindera aggregata seedlings (1) in a non-woven fabric bag (11), selecting a conventional planting matrix as the matrix planted in the non-woven fabric bag (11), putting the non-woven fabric bag (11) into the planting container (3), filling the surrounding gap between the non-woven fabric bag (11) and the planting container (3) with the root guiding matrix (2), placing the container (3) planted with the lindera aggregata seedlings (1) on the ground for culturing for 1 year, and enabling the lindera aggregata seedlings (1) in the container (3) to become lindera aggregata plants;
after a growth period of 1 year, opening the planting container (3), lightly shaking off the root guiding substrate (2) outside the non-woven fabric bag (11) for standby application, screening out 15-20 straight roots (4) of the lindera aggregata plant growing in the root guiding substrate (2) and having the thickness of 0.5-1cm, and fastening the straight roots at a position 0.5-1.0cm before the tail of a root system by using a buckle; the non-woven cloth bag (11) and the lindera aggregata plants and the planting matrix which are wrapped in the non-woven cloth bag form lindera aggregata plant growing blocks;
fourthly, selecting a culture container (6), arranging a drain hole on the culture container (6), sealing the bottom of the culture container, putting the straight root (4) processed in the third step into the culture container (6), filling the culture container with a prepared culture medium (7), and fixing the opening of the culture container (6) on the radix linderae plant growing block;
fifthly, selecting a planting base suitable for growth of the combined spicebush roots, digging a planting ditch (8), putting a decomposed organic fertilizer with the thickness of 5-10 cm at the bottom of the planting ditch (8), covering soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm, lightly placing the combined spicebush roots processed in the third step and the fourth step in the planting ditch (8), backfilling the soil, and continuously culturing for 3-4 years;
and sixthly, digging out the lindera aggregata plants after continuous cultivation for 3-4 years, and harvesting the spicebush fusiform root tuber (9).
2. The method for improving the formation rate of fusiform tuberous root for combined spicebush root medicine according to claim 1, wherein the root-inducing substrate (2) in the step two comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of peat, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 2-3 parts of compound fertilizer and 5 parts of soil.
3. The method for improving the formation rate of fusiform root tuber for lindera aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium (7) in the fourth step comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65-68 parts of peat, 5 parts of root guiding matrix (2) mashed in the step two, 20 parts of soil, 5 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.5 part of bamboo charcoal powder and 1-2 parts of plant ash.
4. The method for improving the formation rate of fusiform tuberous roots for lindera aggregate medicines according to claim 1, wherein the fixing of the top of the culture container (6) on the growth block of the lindera aggregate plant in the fourth step is performed by using a fixing material (10), and the fixing material (10) is a plastic buckle, a sling buckle, a clip, a plastic nail or a bamboo nail.
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