CN112512494A - 亲水性的含环糊精的有机硅凝胶 - Google Patents
亲水性的含环糊精的有机硅凝胶 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112512494A CN112512494A CN201880096163.0A CN201880096163A CN112512494A CN 112512494 A CN112512494 A CN 112512494A CN 201880096163 A CN201880096163 A CN 201880096163A CN 112512494 A CN112512494 A CN 112512494A
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- cyclodextrin
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- silicone gel
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Abstract
通过氢化硅烷化制备含有共价键合的环糊精基团的溶剂溶胀的交联有机硅凝胶。溶胀的凝胶是储存稳定的,与水和极性溶剂相容的,并表现出显著的破水效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及亲水性的含环糊精的、含溶剂的有机硅凝胶,及其制备和特别是其在化妆品和个人护理产品中的用途。
背景技术
可通过多种方法制备有机硅凝胶。有机硅凝胶具有例如作为柔软的减震弹性体的用途。这些“凝胶”实际上是特征在于极低交联密度的非常软的弹性体。最近,溶剂溶胀的有机硅凝胶越来越多地用于化妆品和个人护理产品。对于这些用途,在低粘度的通常挥发性的有机硅流体的存在下制备有机硅凝胶,然后使其经受高剪切以产生通常与相容的溶剂例如通常挥发性的线性或环状硅油例如十甲基环五硅氧烷(“D5”)混合的膏状分散体或糊剂。
有机硅凝胶(也称为有机硅弹性体凝胶)为化妆品或个人护理产品制剂和最终用途提供了吸引人的益处和性能,例如柔软的皮肤触感、为了易于延展和掺入其他成分的制剂的剪切稀化行为、在皮肤上的成膜、制剂的增稠等。然而,标准的有机硅凝胶是疏水性的,不容易分散在水或其他极性介质例如醇或甘油中。因此,特别是如果制剂是水基的或含有大量的水或其他极性溶剂,它们对制备稳定的化妆品或药物制剂提出了挑战。仅在使用大量乳化表面活性剂的情况下,有机硅凝胶的稳定水性乳液才通常是可能的。这种表面活性剂通常不能很好地耐受,因此需要避免使用这种表面活性剂。
为了制备稳定的水性有机硅凝胶制剂,已经提出使用含有亲水性共价键合的聚氧化烯基团,特别是聚氧乙烯基团的有机硅凝胶。即使后者这些基团可能不具有任何残余的末端羟基基团,但是它们通常被称为“PEG”(聚乙二醇)基团。聚氧化烯基基团可以是端基基团、侧基基团(例如,键合到有机硅(有机聚硅氧烷)的聚合物链上),可以双官能团地作为聚合物链的一部分引入,或者可以用作两个聚合物链之间的连接。可以在例如美国专利5,811,487和美国专利6,881,416中找到这样的“聚醚有机硅”的实例。一些聚醚有机硅是在水中自乳化的,而其他聚醚有机硅需要使用表面活性剂以形成稳定的有机硅凝胶乳液。这些产品例如在化妆品制剂中已经取得了一些成功。
然而,化妆品和个人护理工业需要避免使用聚氧化烯作为共价键合至聚合物的单元或单独地作为非离子表面活性剂。存在负面感,即这种表面活性剂和相关的官能团可能含有有害的杂质,并且另外可能导致皮肤刺激。因此,工业上长期寻求可容易地乳化的亲水性有机硅凝胶,仅使用少量的任何类型的表面活性剂,或根本不使用表面活性剂。工业上还寻求与水和常用极性物质例如醇、低分子量二醇和甘油相容的有机硅凝胶产品。现有的有机硅凝胶与这些物质具有有限的相容性或不具有相容性。
因此,本发明解决的问题是提供亲水性有机硅凝胶,其可用于在水和极性溶剂,特别是水溶性或水混溶性溶剂中形成稳定的乳液。有机硅凝胶应当能够以简单、经济的方式制备,并且优选应当基本上不含或完全不含聚氧化烯基团。
发明内容
令人惊奇和出乎意料的是,现在已经发现优选在溶胀溶剂存在下,由反应性环糊精衍生物在与具有碳-碳脂族多重键的组分和Si-H-官能交联剂的氢化硅烷化反应中制备的有机硅凝胶可容易地乳化在水和其他极性溶剂中,并形成稳定的乳液。还令人惊奇的是,尽管环糊精空腔是三维聚合物基质的组成部分,但是其对于“客体/主体”复合物而言仍然是有用的。
附图说明
图1示意性说明本发明的凝胶形成的一个实施方案。
图2示意性说明本发明的凝胶形成的另一个实施方案。
具体实施方式
本发明的亲水性有机硅凝胶是在一种或多种含有脂族不饱和例如烯键式或炔键式不饱和的反应物与一种或多种含有Si-H官能团(“与硅键合的氢”)的反应物之间的氢化硅烷化反应中制备的。通过氢化硅烷化催化剂催化该反应,所述催化剂可以是例如铂化合物或复合物。至少一种反应物必须包含共价键合的环糊精部分,例如含有烯键式或炔键式不饱和的环糊精衍生物;含有氢化硅烷化反应官能团的有机硅(有机聚硅氧烷)反应物,其中一个或多个环糊精基团共价键合到所述氢化硅烷化反应官能团上;或带有硅键合的氢的硅烷或有机硅,其中环糊精部分共价键合至所述硅键合的氢上。优选在溶胀溶剂中进行该反应,并产生可容易破裂的溶胀凝胶。
环糊精是由w个α-(1,4)-连接的脱水葡萄糖单元构成的环状寡糖,其中w通常为6-10。常见的环糊精包含6、7或8个脱水葡萄糖单元,并且分别被称为α-环糊精、β-环糊精和γ-环糊精,通常缩写为α-CD、β-CD和γ-CD。这些环糊精和其中W≠6、7或8的其他环糊精通过淀粉的酶转化(“消化”)来制备,并且容易商购到。
CD由于它们的结构而具有疏水性内部。许多分子可以通常以化学计量比例,但不总是1:1的比例进入该空腔并形成稳定的复合物。在这种主体/客体复合物中,特定分子是否可以是客体分子并不总是可预测的,而是取决于客体分子的分子结构、其物理尺寸、极性基团的存在与否等。CD的空腔大小从α增加到γ,并且较大分子通常更容易与具有较大空腔的CD复合,反之亦然。形成的复合物是可逆的,因为客体分子通常可以相当容易地被“释放”,并且已经发现一些众所周知是热敏感或氧化敏感的分子,例如姜黄素和鱼油,通过进入环糊精复合物中而变得稳定得多。
环糊精在水中的溶解度是有限的,对于最常见的环糊精即α-CD、β-CD和γ-CD,其范围为从β-CD的18mg/ml至γ-CD的232mg/ml。因此,CD在水和极性溶剂中的溶解度比其他糖类和寡糖小得多。考虑到低的水溶解度和疏水性空腔,极其令人惊奇和出乎意料的是,通过将CD结合到有机硅凝胶中,可以产生亲水性有机硅凝胶。
通过氢化硅烷化反应将环糊精部分结合到凝胶中来制备本发明的亲水性的含环糊精的有机硅凝胶。有三种优选的方法来实现这一点。在第一种方法中,将环糊精(其可以是环糊精的混合物)改性以含有至少一个脂族不饱和基团,例如含有烯键式或炔键式不饱和的基团(组分(A))。平均而言,环糊精可以含有1至24个碳-碳多重键,优选1至16个碳-碳多重键,更优选1至8个碳-碳多重键,甚至更优选1至3个碳-碳多重键,还更优选1至2个或少于2个多重键,并且最优选1个碳-碳多重键。
含有碳-碳多重键的有机基团可以是,并且优选是,通过醚键连接至CD的简单烯基基团,可以是(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团、马来酸酯或富马酸酯基团等。可以通过任何合适的连接基团例如但不限于醚基、酯基、尿烷基和脲基将这样的基团共价键合至CD羟基氧之一。剩余的未反应的CD羟基基团可以作为游离羟基基团保留,或者可以已经衍生化,或者可以预先或随后用不含烯键式或炔键式不饱和的其他基团例如甲基、乙酸酯基等衍生化。含有这种改性基团和其他改性基团的衍生CD是广泛可得的,并且可以用作形成含有碳-碳多重键的CD的起始材料。
在本发明的上下文中,“环糊精衍生物”是已经由在氢化硅烷化反应中不具反应性的基团衍生化的环糊精。这类基团包括但不限于诸如前述那些的基团,例如不含脂族不饱和的烃基团和烃氧基基团。本文中的“改性环糊精”是指已经改性(官能化)以含有具有可参与氢化硅烷化反应的脂族不饱和的基团,或者含有包含与硅键合的氢的甲硅烷基或聚有机硅氧基团的环糊精或环糊精衍生物。
用于将含有碳-碳多重键的基团引入到CD上的方法是已知的或由化学家容易地制定。例如,可以使用M.Yin等人,CHROMATOGRAPHIA(2003),第58卷,第301页中公开的方法。其他方法包括通过不饱和酰氯对CD羟基的酯化、通过与不饱和羧酸例如(甲基)丙烯酸反应的酯化;通过与不饱和酸酐例如马来酸酐或丙烯酸酐反应而酯化;通过与不饱和异氰酸酯例如乙烯基异氰酸酯、烯丙基异氰酸酯或(甲基)丙烯酸异氰酸根合乙酯或(甲基)丙烯酸异氰酸根合丙酯反应而进行的氨基甲酸酯化;通过与不饱和环氧化合物反应,以及通过本领域已知的其他反应。不饱和CD(A)的含有碳-碳多重键的基团的数量原则上受游离羟基基团的数量限制,但实际上也可能受空间效应限制。当然,脂族不饱和基团的数量越多,必须使用的衍生化试剂越多,导致成本越高。
通过氢化硅烷化引入CD基团的另一方法是制备有机聚硅氧烷,其在氢化硅烷化反应中借助脂族不饱和和/或Si-H官能团的存在作为中间产物具有反应性,且平均含有一个或多个共价键合的CD基团。例如,含有Si-乙烯基或Si-H基团并且还含有对CD或与CD衍生物具有反应性的基团种类的有机聚硅氧烷可与CD反应以将CD共价键合至有机聚硅氧烷。对于未衍生化的CD或已经用非干扰基团例如烷基或乙酰基部分衍生化的CD,有机聚硅氧烷上的合适反应性基团包括酸酐基团,例如衍生自马来酸酐、琥珀酸酐、对苯二甲酸酐和邻苯二甲酸酐基团的那些基团,以及与羟基具有反应性的其他基团,例如异氰酸酯基团或环氧基团。
如果CD已经用在氢化硅烷化中具有反应性的基团,例如脂族不饱和基团或带有或含有Si-H基团的基团衍生话,则可以使用带有化学计量过量的互补反应性基团的有机聚硅氧烷。例如,带有脂族不饱和基团的衍生CD可以与带有例如四个Si-H基团的有机聚硅氧烷以1:1的摩尔比反应。氢化硅烷化产物平均每分子将包含一个CD部分,并且平均将包含三个未反应的Si-H基团,以随后反应形成凝胶。
优选地,将参与反应形成凝胶的CD将是已被衍生化为平均含有一个或多个脂族不饱和基团的CD,或者该CD已被共价键合到含脂族不饱和基团的有机聚硅氧烷上。
如果含CD组分是带有Si-H基或烯键式不饱和基团的有机聚硅氧烷,则最终凝胶产品中CD部分的量可能由于选择导致凝胶形成所必需的有机聚硅氧烷的适当部分而受到限制。对于经改性以含有脂族不饱和基团的“游离”CD,反应更简单、更经济,并且CD含量可在极宽范围内变化。
在氢化硅烷化反应中用于形成所需的亲水性的含环糊精产物的脂族不饱和化合物(B)可以是带有至少两个脂族不饱和基团的线性、支化或环状或树脂状有机硅,优选线性或支化有机硅或有机硅树脂,最优选有机硅树脂。脂族不饱和基团可以是能够参与氢化硅烷化反应的任何脂族不饱和基团,例如但不限于炔基例如乙炔基;烯基,例如乙烯基、烯丙基、异丙烯基、丁烯基、己烯基、环己烯基和环辛烯基;和(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团。对于烯基,末端不饱和是优选的。乙烯基是最优选的。不饱和基团可以是末端基团、侧链基团,或同时是末端基团和侧链基团。优选带有末端不饱和基团的有机聚硅氧烷。
脂肪族不饱和有机硅的与Si键合的有机基团,其为非脂肪族不饱和基团,可以是到目前为止用于有机聚硅氧烷中的任何有机基团,优选烃基,包括烷基例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、辛基、癸基、十二烷基和十八烷基,所有这些任选地被卤素,优选氟或氯取代;任选取代的芳基,例如苯基、萘基和蒽基;芳烷基,例如苄基和苯乙基;和烷芳基,例如甲苯基。所有上述基团的合适取代基包括卤素、氰基和烷氧基。非脂族不饱和基团还可以是与硅键合的羟基或烷氧基,优选甲氧基或乙氧基。甲基是最优选的。
优选的脂族不饱和有机硅对应于如下定义的含有M基团以及含有D、T和Q基团中的一种或多种的那些:
M是单官能甲硅烷氧基,优选下式之一的单官能甲硅烷氧基:
R3SiO1/2或RaR'bSiO1/2
其中a和b为0、1、2或3且总共为3;
D是双官能甲硅烷氧基,优选为下式之一的双官能甲硅烷氧基:
R2SiO2/2或RR'SiO2/2;
T是三官能甲硅烷氧基,优选下式的三官能甲硅烷氧基:
RSiO3/2或R'SiO3/2;以及
Q是四官能甲硅烷氧基SiO4/2,
其中R为非脂族不饱和基团,优选羟基、烷氧基或烃基,并且R'为脂族不饱和基团,优选乙烯基,以及其中b优选为1,并且其中存在至少两个R'基团,其中在一些实施方案中,R可为环糊精或环糊精衍生物。
当脂肪族不饱和有机硅为线性时,它们由D单元和作为端基的2个M单元组成。当脂族不饱和有机硅是支化的时,它们含有作为端基的M单元、D单元和最多10mol%(基于M、D、T和Q单元的总量)的T单元和/或Q单元(“轻度支化的”),或大于10mol%的T单元和/或Q单元,例如15-30mol%的T单元和/或Q单元(“重度支化的”)。T和/或Q单元的含量小于0.1摩尔%被认为是“线性的”或“基本上线性的”。由于制备方法的原因,通常少量的T和Q单元是不可避免的。
环状脂族不饱和有机硅由D单元组成。
有机硅树脂是高度交联的网状聚合物,其通常但不总是固体,并且通常可溶于芳族烃例如甲苯中。这些聚合物除了M单元外,通常还含有小于20mol%的D单元,以及大比例的T单元和/或Q单元。这些树脂通常根据其主要单体单元命名,因此是T树脂、MT树脂、MQ树脂、MTQ树脂、MDT树脂、MDQ树脂和MDQT树脂。T树脂和MQ树脂是最常见的。
在这些树脂中,脂族不饱和基团通常包含在M单元中,但是如果存在T或D单元,也可以包含在这些部分中。MQ树脂是优选的。各种带有脂族不饱和烃基的有机硅树脂是可商购的,并且有机硅树脂的合成是本领域技术人员公知的。应注意,先前对于有机硅树脂给出的各式不包括硅键合的烷氧基、羟基或氯基团,由于制备方法所有这些基团可以例如作为“R”取代基存在。特别地,除了烃R基团和脂族不饱和R'基团之外,一些硅树脂还可含有相当量的与硅键合的羟基或烷氧基基团。
在凝胶的制备中,脂族不饱和烃和/或脂族不饱和烃氧基化合物也可单独使用,或与前述脂族不饱和有机聚硅氧烷结合使用。脂族不饱和烃含有烯键式或炔键式不饱和,优选烯键式不饱和,脂族不饱和烃氧基化合物也如此。虽然单不饱和化合物可用作结构改性剂,但凝胶形成需要存在脂族不饱和烃或含有最少两个脂族不饱和基团的烃氧基化合物。
合适的具有两个或更多个不饱和基团的脂族不饱和烃的实例包括丁二烯、1,5-己二烯、1,7-辛二烯、二乙烯基苯、三乙烯基苯等。合适的脂族不饱和烃氧基化合物的实例包括二醇如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,4-环己二醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇的二(甲基)丙烯酸酯;多元醇如甘油、三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇的二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三(甲基)丙烯酸酯和四(甲基)丙烯酸酯;和包含衍生自马来酸、马来酸酐或富马酸和其他可酯化的不饱和羧酸的不饱和基团的聚酯。
当与脂族不饱和有机硅化合物结合使用时,脂族不饱和烃或烃氧基化合物的量,相对于脂族不饱和烃或烃氧基化合物和脂族不饱和有机聚硅氧烷的总重量,按优选性递增的顺序,优选小于90%、80%、70%、60%、50%、40%、30%和20%。最优选地,在氢化硅烷化以形成凝胶之前存在的可氢化硅烷化的化合物不含脂族不饱和烃或烃氧基化合物,或相对于脂族不饱和烃或烃氧基化合物和脂族不饱和有机聚硅氧烷的总重量,包含小于10重量%,更优选小于5重量%的脂族不饱和烃或烃氧基化合物。
Si-H官能交联剂(C)是必要的反应物。可以使用任何Si-H官能化合物,例如,含有末端和/或侧链Si-H官能团的直链或支链烃。然而,Si-H官能组分(C)更优选为含有所需Si-H官能度的有机硅化合物。所述有机硅化合物通常是有机聚硅氧烷,以及,和脂族不饱和反应物(B)的情况一样,可以是线性、支化(例如,轻度、重度,如前所述)、环状或树脂状。
当为有机硅化合物时,在由M、D、T和Q单元组成方面,交联剂(C)也类似于组分(B)描述,除了R'取代基被H代替。优选的交联剂(C)是带有与硅键合的氢的有机聚硅氧烷,更优选在末端带有与硅键合的氢、沿着聚合物链带有与硅键合的氢或同时在末端和沿着聚合物链带有与硅键合的氢的线性或轻度支化的有机硅。有机聚硅氧烷交联剂(C)的R基团可以与脂族不饱和反应物(B)中所用的那些相同。优选甲基和苯基,更优选甲基。因此,优选的Si-H官能化有机硅由-Me2SiO-和-MeHSiO-(D)重复单元,以及Me3SiO-和HMe2SiO-末端(M)单元组成。优选仅沿聚合物链具有硅键合的氢的交联剂(C)。
在形成本发明凝胶的方法中,氢化硅烷化催化剂(D)是必需的。氢化硅烷化催化剂是众所周知的,并且可从许多来源广泛获得。优选的氢化硅烷化催化剂是铂化合物,例如美国专利3,159,601;3,159,662;3,220,972;3,715,334;3,775,452;3,814,730,和德国公开申请DE 19536176 A1中公开的那些。由于需要非常少量的昂贵的氢化硅烷化催化剂,这些催化剂通常在溶剂或稀释剂中提供,优选在适用于化妆品和药物制剂的溶剂中提供。一种优选的催化剂是可从Wacker Chemie AG,Munich,Germany获得的“催化剂OL”,即一种用聚二甲基硅氧烷稀释的二乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷铂络合物。其他铂催化剂例如公知的Speier和Karstedt催化剂,以及铂化合物例如六氯铂酸也是合适的,特别是可以以水溶液形式提供的或溶解或分散在适于化妆品的液体如丙二醇中的催化剂。氢化硅烷化催化剂的量不是非常关键的,以元素铂计算,基于Si-H官能化有机聚硅氧烷和脂族不饱和有机聚硅氧烷的总量,小于1ppm至1000ppm,优选2ppm至50ppm的量是有用的。
在本发明的凝胶的形成中,在每种情况下,可以使用单一类型的组分,或者可以使用多于一种类型的组分。术语/短语“脂族不饱和的”和“碳-碳多重键”是同义的。在所有的式中,硅是四价的。除非另外指明,否则术语“分散体”和“乳液”也旨在是同义的。
凝胶化反应优选在溶胀溶剂中进行。通常,所有反应物将可溶于溶胀溶剂中,并且通常在反应之前溶于溶剂中。“溶胀溶剂”是指有机聚硅氧烷或有机溶剂或油,其在室温下是液体或在低于50℃的温度下是可液化的,并且其在交联的有机聚硅氧烷中是相容的,以便产生抗相分离的稳定凝胶组合物。含有溶胀溶剂的溶胀凝胶将具有比没有溶剂的有机硅弹性体自身更大的体积(溶胀)。体积的变化通常是明显的。
然而,可以稍后,但非常优选地在大量凝胶化之前添加溶胀溶剂的一部分。由于反应的凝胶产物将经常用于化妆品和其他个人护理产品,优选的是所用的溶胀溶剂是化妆品和/或药学上可接受的。各种各样的油是有用的并且是可商购的。适用的油包括环状硅氧烷,例如八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)和十甲基环五硅氧烷(D5);具有2至约6个甲硅烷氧基的挥发性低聚有机聚硅氧烷;有机聚硅氧烷流体;脂肪族烃,优选具有5个或更多个碳原子的脂肪族烃,例如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、十二烷、十四烷、十六烷、十八烷以及这些的异构体,以及含有此类烃的各种石油馏分;环烃,例如环己烷、甲基环己烷、二甲基环己烷;内酯、酯,例如乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和乙酸己酯,以及相应的丙酸酯和丁酸酯;二酯,例如脂族羧酸的烷醇二酯,例如癸二酸二甲酯、己二酸二(乙基己基)酯和二(壬基)环己烷二羧酸酯,和二醇的羧酸二酯,例如二甘醇二(庚酸酯)、二甘醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)(“2G8”)、三甘醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)(“3G8”);芳族烃,例如甲苯和单独的二甲苯或二甲苯的混合物;醚类,例如叔丁基甲基醚、二乙醚;碳酸酯例如双(正丙基碳酸酯);天然萜油例如柠檬烯、天然芳香油如广藿香、檀香;石蜡油,例如矿物油;天然酯油,例如甘油二酯和甘油三酯,例如霍霍巴油、橄榄油、鱼油、芝麻油、向日葵油、米糠油、菜籽油和低芥酸菜籽油;和其他油性物质例如中等链长(4-16C)醇和二醇,和药用油例如维生素E油。该列表是说明性的而非限制性的。可产生溶剂溶胀凝胶的任何溶剂都是合适的。能够使用油例如维生素E油(α-生育酚)和油例如橄榄油、椰子油等,导致产生将这些非常有用的成分掺入化妆品和个人护理产品中的令人感兴趣的方式。
在本发明的亲水性的含环糊精的凝胶中,主要包含或仅包含溶胀溶剂的非反应性组分(除颜料或填料外)可为≥95重量%至≤30重量%,更优选90至35重量%,还更优选大于40重量%,还更优选大于50重量%。反应形成交联有机硅的组分(A)、(B)和(C)构成组合物的凝胶组分的剩余部分。因此,基于组分(A)至(D)的重量,交联的有机硅可以占最终凝胶组合物的小于5wt%至约70wt%,优选10-25wt%,最优选15-25wt%。在这些计算中,不考虑氢化硅烷化催化剂(5)、催化剂毒物(F)和任何其他成分(G)的用量。
根据形成凝胶所使用的具体方法,必要的凝胶形成成分是(B)、(C)和(D),有时有(A)。反应性成分((A)、(B)、(C))中的至少一种必须含有键合的环糊精基团。然而,在某些情况下,可能有利的是还包括其他成分(E),例如但不限于杀生物剂,优选化妆品可接受的杀生物剂,芳香剂、染料、颜料、稀释剂和改变凝胶pH的酸或碱。凝胶还可以在环糊精空腔内包括作为客体的分子。这些分子包括保湿剂、维生素、药用物质、敏感的天然油等;基本上所有可用于CD主体/客体复合物的物质。作为客体包括的分子可以在施用凝胶期间在合适的时间以合适的速率被释放。
通常通过将反应性组分悬浮、乳化或以其他方式分散在全部或部分溶胀溶剂中,但优选将反应性组分溶解在全部或部分溶胀溶剂中来制备凝胶。优选在其他成分混合在一起之后添加催化剂。如果最初没有加入所有溶胀溶剂,则优选在凝胶化完成之前加入剩余部分。然而,也可以在凝胶化之后加入部分或全部溶胀溶剂以形成凝胶或进一步稀释凝胶。
反应温度是典型的弹性体制备的温度,优选为室温至约150℃,更优选500-100℃,并且最优选70-90℃。所使用的特定温度可以反映所使用的成分的热敏性。通常,较低的温度需要较长的反应时间和/或较大量的催化剂,反之亦然。在70-90℃的温度下,反应通常需要数小时。由于反应是放热的,在一些情况下可能需要冷却。在反应期间搅拌反应物,并且通常初始产物是易碎透明的、半透明的或不透明的凝胶。通过更强烈的搅拌,特别是在高剪切条件下,例如使用转子/定子混合器如Ultra-Turrax混合器,可以将初始产物转化为均匀的乳脂状凝胶。该乳脂状凝胶产品是分离稳定的,易于加入化妆品和其他个人护理产品中,甚至是含有大量水和低分子量极性物质如C1-5醇和C2-6二醇的那些产品中。
只要产生稳定的乳脂状凝胶,反应物(A)、(B)和(C)的量相对于彼此可以改变。例如,更大量的含环糊精的组分(A)赋予更高的亲水性和吸水性。脂族不饱和组分,例如组分(A)(当组分(A)是脂族不饱和的时)和(B)的量相对于交联剂(C)的量取决于各组分的分子量和官能度。通常,为了实现交联而不是仅增链,脂族不饱和组分的平均官能度和Si-H官能组分的平均官能度之和应≥4,优选≥5。除环糊精组分(A)之外,希望其他反应性组分的平均官能度各自大于2。如果总平均官能度不够高,或者如果组分(B)和/或(C)的平均官能度不够高,则由于不充分的交联而不能形成稳定的凝胶。相对量是本领域普通技术人员能够确定的。进一步的指导可在美国专利5,391,592、5,811,487、6,365,670、6,423,322和6,881,416中找到,这些专利通过引用并入本文。应注意,如果CD组分(A)含有多于一个脂族不饱和基团,则该组分也可有助于交联,因此可降低组分(B)和/或(C)的官能度。如果在环糊精组分(A)中仅存在一个脂族不饱和基团D,则CD基团将悬挂至有机硅上而不是“链中”基团。
溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶可通过仅组分(B)和(C)通过氢化硅烷化催化剂(D)的氢化硅烷化交联来制备,其中存在或不存在溶胀溶剂,条件是(B)和/或(C)含有至少一个共价键合的环糊精基团。溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物还优选地可在(D)存在下由(A)、(B)和(C)合成,其中(B)和/或(C)任选地包含共价键合的环糊精基团。最优选地,所有共价键合的环糊精基团都包含在组分(A)中。当存在组分(A)时,其最优选已经被改性为包含脂族不饱和。
可以通过以下非限制性实施例进一步说明本发明。在实施例中,除非另外说明,否则所有份数均按重量计,并且压力和温度是标准的,或者是常规实验室中的温度和压力环境,或在混合成分时无需额外加热或冷却而达到的温度。
凝胶化反应的简化示意图示于图1,而另一示意图示于图2。
合成实施例:
环糊精衍生物的改性:
对于实施例1、2、3、4和5以及对比例C6,使用烯丙基改性的甲基β环糊精,其通过如下将得自Wacker Chemie A.G.的甲基β-环糊精W7 M改性而制备的。对于对比例C7,使用未经烯丙基改性的原始W7M。
烯丙基改性甲基β-环糊精的合成:
烯丙基改性的甲基β-环糊精是根据Yin,M.等人,Chromatographia(2003),第58卷,第301页中描述的方法制备的。在连续氮气流下在装配有冷凝器和顶置式搅拌器的三颈圆底烧瓶中进行反应。将W7M(40g,30.5mmol)加入到400g二甲亚砜(DMSO)中并搅拌直至溶解。将新鲜粉末状的NaOH(8.55g,214mmol)加入到该溶液中并在60℃下搅拌2小时。将浅黄色混合物冷却至室温,加入烯丙基溴(25.9g,214mmol),并将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。然后将混合物加热至60℃并搅拌3.5小时。冷却至室温后,将溶液倒入水中,用氯仿萃取数次。用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和盐水洗涤合并的氯仿层。将溶液经硫酸钠干燥并在真空下干燥以获得黄色粘性固体(15.4g)。1H NMR和质谱证实产物为烯丙基改性的甲基β环糊精,其取代度(D.S.)为0.38,即每个糖苷单元具有0.38个烯丙基基团。
乙烯基硅氧烷官能化的环糊精VSC-1和VSC-2分别用于实验实施例8和9。通过使W7M与具有以下近似结构的酸酐官能化乙烯基硅氧烷(来Wacker ChemieA.G.)反应来合成VSC-1和VSC-2:
乙烯基硅氧烷连接的环糊精衍生物VSC-1的合成:
将5.0g(3.82mmol)W7M、二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP,0.09g,0.76mmol)和酸酐官能的乙烯基硅氧烷(19.8g)溶解在二氯甲烷(40mL)中并混合72小时。向混合物中加入水(20mL),用20mL 10%NaHSO4溶液萃取3次。合并的二氯甲烷层经硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂,得到澄清的高粘性液体。1H NMR、IR和MS证实产物是与乙烯基硅氧烷连接的甲基β-环糊精,其中平均每个糖苷单元约0.94个OH基团用酯连接的硅氧烷衍生化。碘值:74g碘/100g材料。
乙烯基硅氧烷连接的环糊精衍生物VSC-2的合成:
将5.0g(3.82mmol)W7M、4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP,0.09g,0.76mmol)和酸酐官能的有机硅溶解在二氯甲烷(30mL)中并混合过夜。向混合物中加入水(40mL),用10%的NaHSO4溶液萃取3次。合并的二氯甲烷层经硫酸钠干燥、过滤并减压除去溶剂,得到无色结晶物质。1H NMR、IR和MS证实产物是与乙烯基硅氧烷连接的改性环糊精,其中平均每个糖苷单元约0.28个OH基团用酯连接的硅氧烷衍生化。碘值:35g碘/100g材料。
基于烯丙基改性的环糊精的有机硅弹性体凝胶的合成:
通用程序:2000ml玻璃反应器配备有冷凝器、氮气入口、温度探针、具有刮擦器附件的锚式搅拌器和温度控制系统。用氮气吹扫反应器,并在连续氮气流下进行反应。在第一步骤中,在以125rpm搅拌的同时添加溶胀溶剂、改性的环糊精衍生物(在碳酸亚丙酯中的溶液)、氢化硅烷化催化剂和SiH官能交联剂。将混合物在温控油浴中加热至80℃并在该温度下混合2.5小时。此时,加入不饱和有机聚硅氧烷,并搅拌混合物直至混合物均匀。添加第二剂量的氢化硅烷化催化剂,并在80℃下在约50rpm的搅拌速度下加热反应混合物。将混合物在该温度下搅拌2小时。然后加入催化剂抑制剂,并将混合物在50rpm下混合15分钟。除去加热,在50rpm搅拌下将混合物冷却至室温。用T 25均化器在6000rpm下均化混合物3分钟。用于不同实验的组合物描述于下表中:
表1:
1获自Wacker Chemie A.G.的线性5cS有机硅流体;
2比率M/MVi/Q=7.6/1/11.4,Mn=2570,Mw=5440,碘值=18g碘/100g材料;
3粘度=1000mm2/s,碘值=3.1g碘/100g材料;
4聚(甲基硅氧烷-共聚-二甲基硅氧烷),近似式为MH(D)x(DH)yMH[0.46%w/w H含量,x+y=140];
7具有3-巯丙基的聚硅氧烷;在25℃下的粘度为190mm2/s,硫醇含量0.29重量%;
8%弹性体相对于总组合物重量,包括除稀释剂之外的所有组分。
基于乙烯基硅氧烷改性的环糊精合成硅弹性体凝胶(实施例8和9):
通用方法:2000ml玻璃反应器配备有冷凝器、氮气入口、温度探针、具有刮擦器附件的锚式搅拌器和温度控制系统。用氮气吹扫反应器,并在连续氮气流下进行反应。在第一步中,在125rpm下搅拌的同时加入溶胀溶剂、改性的环糊精衍生物(50%的异丙醇溶液)、氢化硅烷化催化剂和SiH-官能交联剂。将混合物在温控油浴中加热至75-80℃并在该温度下混合1小时。此时,加入乙烯基MQ树脂,并搅拌混合物直至混合物均匀。添加第二剂量的氢化硅烷化催化剂,并且在80℃下在约50rpm的搅拌速度下加热反应混合物。将混合物在该温度下搅拌2小时。然后加入催化剂抑制剂,并将混合物在50rpm下混合15分钟。除去加热,在50rpm搅拌下将混合物冷却至室温。用T 25均化器在6000rpm下均化混合物3分钟。用于两个不同实施例的组合物描述于下表中:
吸水率测定:
用移液管缓慢加入去离子水溶液(用蓝色水溶性染料染色以更好地观察水滴)到20g弹性体凝胶中,一次一滴,同时用螺旋桨式顶置搅拌器以300rpm混合,直到混合物不再接受另外的染色水滴。通过仔细观察液滴是否掺入混合物中来确定终点。如果存在一些疑问,停止混合并检查混合物以确定是否存在游离水滴。当甚至在搅拌之后额外的液滴也不掺入到混合物中时,认为该过程达到终点。
%吸水率=(添加到终点的水的重量)×100/凝胶的重量
表2
来自实施例的样品 | 吸水率% |
1 | 169 |
2 | 148 |
3 | 188 |
4 | 289 |
8 | 40 |
9 | 50 |
C6 | 3 |
C7 | 掺水不稳定 |
与溶剂的相容性:
本发明的弹性体凝胶与通常用于化妆品和其他制剂的各种溶剂,例如异丙醇、甘油和酯相容。
下面提供了一些实施例:
用顶置式搅拌器或用SpeedmixerTM将根据实施例1和实施例3制备的弹性体凝胶与各种溶剂混合:
破水效果(water-break effect):
“破水效果”,也称为“释水效果”或“快速打破效果(quick break effect)”,对于当将化妆品产品施用在皮肤上时提供独特的皮肤感觉是非常有吸引力的。该效果描述于美国专利9,358,188和美国专利9,549,894中,其通过引用并入本文。CD改性凝胶的水掺合物当摩擦在皮肤上时显示出水释放/破水/快速打破效果。
通过用顶置式混合器混合1份根据实施例1制备的弹性体凝胶和1.4份水来制备共混物。获得乳脂状混合物。在用食指摩擦约20秒时,约0.2g乳脂状混合物产生可见的水滴。当使用根据实施例4制备的弹性体凝胶制备与水的共混物时,进行类似的观察。
有机硅弹性体凝胶用于包封的应用:
可以通过酚酞变色试验测定环糊精空腔的包封能力。酚酞与环糊精空腔形成复合物,因此碱性酚酞溶液的粉红色消失(参考:Kazuo Taguchi J.Am.Chem.Soc.,第108卷,第10期,1986,第2705页)。为了确定附着于交联网络的环糊精的空腔是否仍然可用于包封,进行以下实验:
将根据实施例1制备的凝胶样品(10g)放入小烧杯中。加入3.0mL酚酞的乙醇溶液(0.01M)与1滴25%NaOH水溶液。在用玻璃棒搅拌几分钟后,碱性酚酞溶液的粉红色消失。为了比较,用市售疏水性有机硅弹性体凝胶REG 1102(INCI:聚二甲基硅氧烷(和)聚二甲基硅氧烷/乙烯基三甲基甲硅烷氧基硅酸酯交联聚合物)进行的类似试验没有显示出任何变色。
通过使用十二烷基硫酸钠的水溶液,可以释放结合的酚酞(如通过粉红色的再现所观察到的),这表明结合是可逆的。
CD改性的弹性体凝胶的包封能力在化妆品和药物制剂中具有实际用途,其中活性成分(例如维生素、抗衰老活性剂、药物等)的包封和它们在方便的施用点之后的释放是重要的。这种包封和释放能力也可用于医疗保健和伤口护理,例如,伤口敷料或含有这些类型凝胶的透皮药物递送贴剂/装置,其中凝胶可掺入活性物质,然后以受控方式释放。另一个实例可以是加入了这种类型凝胶的人体植入物,其中凝胶可以包含用于控制释放的活性材料。另一个实例可以是含有弹性体凝胶的局部软膏剂,该弹性体凝胶还含有以持续速率释放的活性物质。
活性化合物的实例是:生物杀伤剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂、信息素、香料、调味剂、药物、药物活性化合物、用于抗静电整理或阻燃整理的活性化合物、稳定剂(UV)、染料。
包封能力可用于选择性地吸收不需要的材料。因此,凝胶也可适合作为分离材料。
化妆品制剂中的有机硅弹性体凝胶的实施例:
护肤制剂中的实施例:黄瓜保湿凝胶
用本发明的实施例1(制剂1)和3(制剂2)制备黄瓜保湿凝胶制剂。还制备不具有任何弹性体凝胶的对比制剂(制剂3)。制剂组成如下表所示:
表3
程序:
使用Ultra-Turrax混合器将Ultrez 20分散到水中。将AMP-95加入A相并与混合。加入剩余的A相,并与混合。在单独的烧杯中混合B相成分。将A相加入B相,同时与Ultra-混合。向混合物中一次加入C相的成分并与混合。
发现对于制剂1和制剂2,不需要乳化剂,而需要将乳化剂(聚山梨醇酯20和聚山梨醇酯80)用于稳定制剂3。这一事实表明亲水性弹性体凝胶作为乳化剂的益处。
制剂评价
由8名小组成员评价黄瓜保湿凝胶制剂1、2、3和4的感官性能。为此,将0.1g样品施用到每个小组成员的干净且干燥的前臂上,同时小组成员使用一个手指摩擦前臂上的制剂。在皮肤上施涂之后,评估残余物相对于彼此的感官特性。基于小组成员的响应,发现含有亲水性弹性体凝胶的制剂(制剂1和制剂2)的粘性较小,并且与不含两种亲水性凝胶中的任一种的比较制剂(制剂3)相比具有更好的初始手感和后来的手感。
毛发护理制剂中的实施例:清洁调理剂
用本发明实施例1(制剂4)和3(制剂5)制备清洁调理剂制剂。
表4
程序:
边混合边将羟丙基淀粉磷酸酯加入水中,混合至完全溶解。单独加入剩余的A相成分,然后将混合物加热至75℃。
一旦达到75℃的温度,单独加入B相的每种成分,确保每种成分在加入下一种之前充分混合。混合5分钟,然后关闭加热并使混合物冷却。一旦温度低于40℃,单独加入每个C相成分并在每次加入之间充分混合。加入所有成分后再均化5分钟。
彩色化妆品制剂中的实施例:3合1彩色乳霜
用本发明实施例1(制剂6)和3(制剂7)制备3合1彩色乳霜。
表5
程序:
使用混合器,将C相混合成糊状,放在一边。在搅拌的同时将A相的每种成分一次一种地分散到水中。然后加热到80℃。在单独的烧杯中,混合B相并加热至80℃。加入C相并加热回80℃。一旦A相和B/C相都达到80℃,使用将B/C相加入到A相中。冷却至50℃,一旦温度达到50℃,将D相加入到A/B/C相中,同时与混合。将E相和F相加入到A/B/C/D相中,同时用混合器混合,继续混合直至产物均匀。
根据需要,在此公开了本发明的详细实施方案;然而,应当理解,所公开的实施方案仅仅是可以以各种和可选形式实施的本发明的示例。附图不必按比例绘制;一些特征可以被放大或最小化以示出特定部件的细节。因此,本文所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制性的,而仅仅是用于教导本领域技术人员以各种方式使用本发明的代表性基础。
虽然上面描述了示例性实施方案,但并不意味着这些实施方案描述了本发明的所有可能形式。相反,说明书中使用的词语是描述性的词语而不是限制性的词语,并且应当理解,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以做出各种改变。另外,可组合各种实施方案的特征以形成本发明的其他实施方案。
Claims (11)
1.一种溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物,其包含:
包含至少一个共价键合的环糊精部分的交联有机硅弹性体,所述交联有机硅弹性体是通过以下反应物(A)、(B)和(C)的氢化硅烷化交联而制备的:
(A)任选存在的环糊精反应物,所述环糊精反应物包括环糊精或环糊精衍生物,所述环糊精或环糊精衍生物已被改性以包含含有脂族不饱和的有机基团或含有与硅键合的氢的有机基团;
(B)任选存在的具有至少一个脂族不饱和基团,优选乙烯基的有机聚硅氧烷;
其中,当组分(A)不存在时或当组分(A)不包含脂族不饱和时,组分(B)不是任选存在的;
(C)含有至少一个与硅键合的氢原子的有机聚硅氧烷,
所述氢化硅烷化交联是在氢化硅烷化催化剂(D)的存在下,通过任选存在的(A)的与硅键合的氢原子和(C)的与硅键合的氢原子,使任选存在的(A)的脂族不饱和基团和(B)的脂族不饱和基团氢化硅烷化而进行的,其中在反应物(A)、(B)和(C)中存在至少一个环糊精部分;
以及其中所述氢化硅烷化交联是在溶胀溶剂的存在下进行的,形成溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶,或者所述氢化硅烷化交联是在没有溶胀溶剂的情况下进行的,并且将在所述氢化硅烷化交联中形成的交联弹性体分散到溶胀溶剂中以形成溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物,其中氢化硅烷化交联在溶胀溶剂的存在下进行。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物,其中存在环糊精反应物(A),并且所述环糊精反应物(A)包括经改性以包含至少一个脂族不饱和基团的环糊精。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物,其中存在所述环糊精反应物(A),并且该环糊精反应物包含至少一个醚连接的或酯连接的脂族不饱和基团。
5.根据权利要求1所述的溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物,其中存在所述环糊精反应物(A),并且该环糊精反应物包括任选衍生化的环糊精与含有成酯基团和至少一个脂族不饱和基团的有机聚硅氧烷或与含有成酯基团和至少一个与硅键合的氢原子的有机聚硅氧烷的反应产物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物,其中所述成酯基团为羧酸基团或二羧酸酐基团。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物,其还包含由环糊精基团复合的一种或多种客体分子。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物,其还包含一种或多种结合到所述凝胶中环糊精空腔的内部或外部的客体分子,所述客体分子能够以受控的速率释放。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物,其中至少一种客体分子选自易氧化的天然油和药品以及化妆品活性物质、杀生物剂、杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂、信息素、芳香剂、调味剂、颜料、药物、药物活性化合物、抗原、用于抗静电整理或阻燃整理的活性化合物、稳定剂(UV)、染料。
10.一种制备根据权利要求1所述的溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物的方法,所述方法包括任选地在溶胀溶剂的存在下混合(B)、(C)、(D)和任选存在的(A),并交联以形成交联的有机硅弹性体,并且如果不存在溶胀溶剂,则添加溶胀溶剂并将所述交联的有机硅弹性体分散在溶胀溶剂中以形成所述溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物。
11.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物或通过权利要求10所述的方法制备的溶剂溶胀的亲水性有机硅凝胶组合物在药物产品、个人护理产品、保健品、伤口护理产品、化妆品、纺织品或涂料产品中的用途。
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CN114163817A (zh) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-11 | 浙江大学 | 一种缓释抗菌膜及其制备方法 |
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US20230331919A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2023-10-19 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Method for producing hydrophilic organopolysiloxane gels |
CN116940628A (zh) | 2021-03-22 | 2023-10-24 | 美国陶氏有机硅公司 | 末端烯基官能的甲硅烷基化多糖 |
EP4375312A1 (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2024-05-29 | Osaka University | Silicone-based polymer compound and silicone-based polymer material |
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WO2020139403A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
KR20210053935A (ko) | 2021-05-12 |
CN112512494B (zh) | 2024-03-15 |
EP3806818B1 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
KR20230074630A (ko) | 2023-05-30 |
JP2022503533A (ja) | 2022-01-12 |
US20220089873A1 (en) | 2022-03-24 |
EP3806818A1 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
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