CN112501791A - 一种用于高效去除4-硝基苯酚的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于高效去除4-硝基苯酚的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于高效去除4‑硝基苯酚的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜及其制备方法，其具体制备过程为：将ZIF‑67纳米粒子分散在N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺溶液中，再加入聚丙烯腈，水浴加热并搅拌至ZIF‑67纳米粒子和聚丙烯腈混合均匀；将均匀的混合溶液作为纺丝溶液并通过静电纺丝得到ZIF‑67/PAN纤维；将ZIF‑67/PAN纤维在惰性气体条件下碳化得到载钴中空碳纤维薄膜。本发明制备的载钴中空碳纤维具有大的表面积，高的催化活性，在降解工业废水中有机污染物方面表现出了很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境纳米功能材料的合成技术领域，具体涉及一种用于高效去除4-硝基苯酚的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
由苯环、硝基（-NO2）和羟基（-OH）组成的硝基酚（NPs）广泛应用于染料、增塑剂、杀虫剂、除草剂、油漆、制药、炸药以及木材或皮革防腐剂的合成。NPs及其衍生物通常具有较高的毒性、致癌性和生物蓄积性，部分NPs已被美国环境保护局（USEPA）列为优先污染物。含NPs及其衍生物的废水直接排放到接收水体中，对生态系统和人体健康构成威胁。有报道称NPs暴露可引起神经中枢系统、血液系统和主要器官（如肺、肾、眼）等的损伤。此外，NPs因其高毒性和广泛的工业生产来源而受到关注。
近年来，基于硫酸根自由基的高级氧化工艺因其具备较高的氧化电位，具备良好的选择性和高的效率等一系列优点，已经成为一种前景光明的选择。林坤儀课题组（Chemosphere 130 (2015) 66-72）首次报道了通过六水合硝酸钴和2-甲基咪唑（2-MIM）反应制备ZIF-67，并应用于催化硫酸根自由基方面。但是，由于MOF材料本身易团聚，难以回收，影响了其在实际生产当中的进一步推广应用。
纳米结构碳材料（NCMs）具有较大的表面积、稳定的物理化学性能、易功能化，在吸附、催化等一系列实际应用中被认为是很有前途的候选者。金属（Fe、Co、Ni和Cu）和杂原子（N、S、P和B）共掺杂多孔碳或碳/金属材料，由于其可进入的内部空间和丰富的活性位点，在降解硝基酚类污染物方面展现出良好的性能。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供了一种用于高效去除4-硝基苯酚的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜及其制备方法。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用如下技术方案，一种用于高效去除4-硝基苯酚的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：
步骤S1：在ZIF-67分散液中加入与ZIF-67质量比为4:3的聚丙烯腈，搅拌至混合均匀得到静电纺丝前驱液；
步骤S2：将步骤S1得到的静电纺丝前驱液进行静电纺丝得到ZIF-67/PAN纤维，设置静电纺丝电压的正压为10-12 kV，负压为1-3 kV，推注速率为0.08-0.1 mm/min，静电纺丝环境湿度控制在10%-30%，温度控制在30-50℃；
步骤S3：将步骤S2得到的ZIF-67/PAN纤维在N2气氛下，于600-1000℃碳化得到载钴中空碳纤维薄膜。
优选的，步骤S1所述ZIF-67分散液的浓度为0.06-0.14 g/mL，该ZIF-67分散液中的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
优选的，步骤S1所述搅拌过程中的温度控制为50-70℃，用于保证静电纺丝前驱液的粘度适宜。
优选的，步骤S3所述碳化过程中的升温速率为3-8℃/min。
本发明所述的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜用于催化过一硫酸盐降解有机污染物4-硝基苯酚。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果：本发明制备方法简单，制得的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜不仅解决了金属有机骨架材料本征粉末特性带来的易团聚、不易回收的难题，还具有一般碳材料不具备的良好催化活性，能够有效提高过一硫酸盐对水体中有机污染物4-硝基苯酚的去除效率。因此，在降解废水中有机污染物的应用方面具有很大的应用潜能。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制得载钴中空碳纤维薄膜的TEM图；
图2是实施例1制得载钴中空碳纤维薄膜的XRD图；
图3是实施例1制得载钴中空碳纤维薄膜催化降解4-硝基苯酚实验效果图；
图4是实施例1制得载钴中空碳纤维薄膜的数码图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明，但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例，凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
本发明通过静电纺丝和碳化技术，将金属有机骨架材料ZIF-67制备成纤维，经碳化得到载钴的中空碳纤维材料。该方法制得的载钴中空碳纤维材料具有金属/碳协同效应，一维中空结构，更有利于产生活性位点，从而能够有效提高过一硫酸盐对水体中有机污染物4-硝基苯酚的去除效率。
实施例1
步骤1：将0.6 g ZIF-67粉末分散于6 mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中，超声使其完全分散，加入0.8 g的聚丙烯腈，在60℃水浴下，磁力搅拌使ZIF-67纳米粒子和PAN混合均匀。
步骤2：静电纺丝环境湿度控制在20%，温度控制在40℃，将步骤1得到的混合溶液倒入5 mL的注射器中，利用静电纺丝技术，正压为10 kV，负压为2 kV，推注速率为0.08 mm/min，得到ZIF-8/PAN纤维。
步骤3，在惰性气体N2气氛下，将步骤2得到的ZIF-67/PAN纤维于900℃碳化，升温速率为3℃/min，得到载钴中空碳纤维材料。
图1中可以看到载钴中空碳纤维材料呈清晰的中空结构，ZIF-67纳米粒子均匀的分散在纤维内部。图2为制备的载钴中空碳纤维XRD图，证明其为载钴碳纤维。
实施例2
步骤1：将0.9 g ZIF-67粉末分散于9 mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中，超声使其完全分散，加入1.2 g的聚丙烯腈，在60℃水浴下，磁力搅拌使ZIF-67纳米粒子和PAN混合均匀。
步骤2，静电纺丝环境湿度控制在10%，温度控制在30℃，将步骤1得到的混合溶液倒入10 mL的注射器中，利用静电纺丝技术，正压为10 kV，负压为2 kV，推注速率为0.08mm/min，得到ZIF-67/PAN纤维。
步骤3，在惰性气体N2气氛下，将步骤2得到的ZIF-67/PAN纤维于900℃碳化，升温速率为3℃/min，得到载钴中空碳纤维材料。
实施例3
步骤1，将0.6 g ZIF-67粉末分散于5.5 mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，超声使其完全分散，加入0.8 g的聚丙烯腈，在60℃水浴下，磁力搅拌使ZIF-67纳米粒子和PAN混合均匀。
步骤2，静电纺丝环境湿度控制在30%，温度控制在50℃，将步骤1得到的混合溶液倒入5 mL的注射器中，利用静电纺丝技术，正压为10 kV，负压为2 kV，推注速率为0.08 mm/min，得到ZIF-67/PAN纤维。
步骤3，在惰性气体N2气氛下，将步骤2得到的ZIF-67/PAN纤维于800℃碳化，升温速率为8℃/min，得到载钴中空碳纤维材料。
将实施例1制得的载钴中空碳纤维材料用于催化过一硫酸盐降解有机污染物4-硝基苯酚（4-NP）。
利用紫外色谱仪测试其活化过一硫酸盐降解4-硝基苯酚（4-NP）的性能。首先配置浓度为10 ppm的4-NP溶液100 mL，加入50 mg过一硫酸盐，取上述实施例1制备的载钴中空碳纤维材料10 mg作为催化剂加入到4-NP溶液中。如图3所示，在15 min内，室温条件下，10mg该材料对初始浓度为10 ppm的4-NP溶液的降解效率高达99.7%，几乎完全降解。
图4为制备的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜数码图，将其置于过滤器件上，利用蠕动泵，将4-NP溶液经过装有纤维的过滤器件，通入到干净烧杯中，可以看到溶液颜色从变为无色，且经过100次循环后，仍具有很好的降解效果。
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点，本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明原理的范围下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于高效去除4-硝基苯酚的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：
步骤S1：在ZIF-67分散液中加入与ZIF-67质量比为4:3的聚丙烯腈，搅拌至混合均匀得到静电纺丝前驱液；
步骤S2：将步骤S1得到的静电纺丝前驱液进行静电纺丝得到ZIF-67/PAN纤维，设置静电纺丝电压的正压为10-12 kV，负压为1-3 kV，推注速率为0.08-0.1 mm/min，静电纺丝环境湿度控制在10%-30%，温度控制在30-50℃；
步骤S3：将步骤S2得到的ZIF-67/PAN纤维在N2气氛下，于600-1000℃碳化得到载钴中空碳纤维薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于高效去除4-硝基苯酚的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S1所述ZIF-67分散液的浓度为0.06-0.14 g/mL，该ZIF-67分散液中的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于高效去除4-硝基苯酚的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S1所述搅拌过程中的温度控制为50-70℃，用于保证静电纺丝前驱液的粘度适宜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于高效去除4-硝基苯酚的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S3所述碳化过程中的升温速率为3-8℃/min。
5.一种用于高效去除4-硝基苯酚的载钴中空碳纤维薄膜，其特征在于是由权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的方法制得的，该载钴中空碳纤维薄膜用于催化过一硫酸盐降解有机污染物4-硝基苯酚。
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