CN112458455A - 用于工件的金属涂覆的涂覆装置及方法 - Google Patents

用于工件的金属涂覆的涂覆装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112458455A
CN112458455A CN202010940037.8A CN202010940037A CN112458455A CN 112458455 A CN112458455 A CN 112458455A CN 202010940037 A CN202010940037 A CN 202010940037A CN 112458455 A CN112458455 A CN 112458455A
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China
Prior art keywords
workpiece
coating
deposition
working space
suction
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CN202010940037.8A
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English (en)
Inventor
C·马丁
R·拜尔
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Sturm Maschinen und Anlagenbau GmbH
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Sturm Maschinen und Anlagenbau GmbH
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Priority claimed from EP19196156.4A external-priority patent/EP3789512B1/de
Application filed by Sturm Maschinen und Anlagenbau GmbH filed Critical Sturm Maschinen und Anlagenbau GmbH
Publication of CN112458455A publication Critical patent/CN112458455A/zh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/0221—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work characterised by the means for moving or conveying the objects or other work, e.g. conveyor belts
    • B05B13/0228—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work characterised by the means for moving or conveying the objects or other work, e.g. conveyor belts the movement of the objects being rotative
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
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    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0442—Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to separate articles rotated during spraying operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B14/00—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
    • B05B14/30—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material comprising enclosures close to, or in contact with, the object to be sprayed and surrounding or confining the discharged spray or jet but not the object to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B05B16/20—Arrangements for spraying in combination with other operations, e.g. drying; Arrangements enabling a combination of spraying operations
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    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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    • B22F12/224—Driving means for motion along a direction within the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
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    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0823—Devices involving rotation of the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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    • B23K26/16—Removal of by-products, e.g. particles or vapours produced during treatment of a workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种涂覆装置并涉及一种用于工件的金属涂覆的方法，包括包围工作空间的壳体；用于将至少一个工件保持在工作空间中的保持设备；至少一个沉积设备，其包括用于将金属粉末施加到待涂覆的工件表面的沉积喷嘴和用于局部熔化工件表面上的金属粉末以形成涂层的激光器；至少一个移动设备，借助于所述至少一个移动设备，至少一个沉积设备可在涂覆期间相对于工件表面移动；至少一个空气供应源；以及至少一个空气排放装置。根据本发明，提供了将空气供应源布置在工件上方的工作空间的上部区域中，并且将空气排放装置布置在工件下方的工作空间的下部区域中。另外，附加的抽吸设备设有至少一个抽吸开口，所述抽吸开口临近工件布置。

Description

用于工件的金属涂覆的涂覆装置及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于工件的金属涂覆的涂覆装置。
本发明还涉及一种根据权利要求12的前序部分的用于工件的金属涂覆的方法。
背景技术
这种用于工件的金属涂覆的涂覆装置和方法称为激光沉积焊接。在该过程中，粉末被施加到金属工件，并借助于激光器局部熔化。熔化的金属粉末在工件表面上形成涂层，特别地，所述涂层可特别耐磨或耐腐蚀。该方法在涂覆装置的封闭的工作空间中进行，其中空气被引入工作空间并再次从工作空间被引出，特别地用于冷却。
发明内容
本发明基于提供用于工件的金属涂覆的涂覆装置和方法的目的，借助于所述涂覆装置和方法可特别有效地涂覆工件。
根据本发明，该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的涂覆装置和通过具有权利要求12的特征的方法来解决。在相应的从属权利要求中阐述了本发明的优选实施例。
根据本发明的涂覆装置的特征在于，空气供应源布置在工件上方的工作空间的上部区域中，并且空气排放装置（discharge）布置在工件下方的工作空间的下部区域中，并且另外在于，抽吸设备设有至少一个抽吸开口，所述抽吸开口临近工件布置。
可认为本发明的基本构想在于不仅在涂覆期间有效地冷却工件，而且还确保充分地将未熔化的金属粉末和灰尘从工作空间去除。根据本发明的第一方面，这通过如下步骤实现：朝向工件供应空气，并且使空气远离工件从工作空间排放。特别地，空气供应源在工件上方且空气排放装置在工件下方。因此，可执行如下步骤：使空气以有针对性的和限定的方式围绕工件流动。
根据本发明的另一方面，附加的抽吸设备可设有至少一个抽吸开口，所述抽吸开口临近工件布置。因此未熔化的金属粉末的排放不是只通过正常的空气供应和排放而进行的，而是另外提供了抽吸设备，金属粉末和灰尘借助于所述抽吸设备以高可靠性直接从工件去除。在该过程中，在涂覆期间产生的气体也可被可靠地带走，这也对涂覆的质量具有积极的影响。空气和抽吸设备的引导也可各自独立地提供。
本发明的一个优选实施例涉及水平布置的待涂覆的工件表面。特别地，水平布置的工件表面允许特别经济地使用金属粉末。该粉末可沉积在工件表面上，使得其最初保持处于水平定向的工件表面上。在该位置，其可由激光以有针对性的方式熔化。可根据需要通过根据本发明的抽吸设备将未使用的金属粉末或灰尘带走，使得激光能以在很大程度上不受阻碍的方式冲击在表面上。
按照根据本发明的涂覆装置的备选布置，有利的是，待涂覆的工件表面竖直地布置。在竖直布置（在其中工件表面大致沿重力方向定向）中，多余的金属粉末基本上沿向下的方向被带走。这可通过根据本发明的抽吸设备来辅助，其中过量的金属粉末特别地被防止进入空气排放装置中。总体而言，通过这种布置可实现非常精确的涂覆。
根据本发明的改进设计（development），通过在壳体的工作空间中布置至少两个沉积设备，可实现特别有效的涂覆，所述设备被设计为同时施加和熔化金属粉末。两个或更多个沉积设备可同时施加和熔化金属粉末。因此可实现特别短的处理时间。
根据本发明的改进设计，特别便利的是提供两个沉积设备，借助它们可在工件上同时沉积涂层。在该过程中，一个工件可水平或竖直地布置。借助于同时涂覆工件的两个或更多个沉积设备，可实现每个工件特别短的处理时间。在这种布置中，抽吸设备可为每个沉积设备分别设置至少一个抽吸开口。在该情况下，抽吸开口可特别地布置在每个沉积设备附近。
根据本发明的涂覆装置的另一特别经济的实施例涉及至少两个工件，所述至少两个工件布置在工作空间中并且各自能够相应地通过至少一个沉积设备同时涂覆。在此过程中，工件可布置在单独的保持设备上或优选地布置在共同的保持设备上，所述共同的保持设备将至少两个工件支承在一起。在此，保持设备可特别地布置在运输平台上，借助于所述运输平台，工件被一起运输进和出涂覆装置。通过在一个涂覆装置中接收至少两个工件，可特别有效地利用所述装置，包括用于供应金属粉末和用于相对于抽吸设备排放未使用的金属粉末的所需设备。
可认为本发明的特别有利的实施例在于，抽吸设备包括中空体状的壳体，所述壳体包括接收开口，在涂覆期间，至少一个工件至少部分地布置在所述接收开口中。工件的接收开口适应于工件的外轮廓。接收开口在此被设计使得其从工件的上部面延伸到下部面。
原则上，包括中空体状的壳体的抽吸设备可被设计为任何形式。根据本发明的改进设计，特别有利的是中空体状的壳体是大致盘形的。因此，壳体大致为平的中空圆柱体的形式，其中在圆周区域中形成接收开口。
此外，根据本发明的变型，有利的是中空体状的壳体包括在上部部分中的入口槽以及在下部部分中的至少一个出口开口。可由上部入口槽实现围绕工件的改进的空气流动，因为在抽吸期间，不仅在接收开口的区域中从外部吸入空气，而且还在中空体状的壳体内引起从顶部到底部的有针对性的流动。
通过相对于工件可移动的抽吸设备的抽吸开口，也可实现特别好的抽吸结果。在此，壳体整体或壳体的在其中布置了抽吸开口的对应部分可调节和移动。
通过被设计成围绕沉积设备的沉积喷嘴成环形并且与沉积喷嘴相对于工件可移动的抽吸设备的抽吸开口，也可实现特别好的抽吸。因此，根据需要，针对沉积设备的沉积喷嘴的移动重新调整抽吸设备的抽吸开口。
关于该方法，本发明的特征在于，经由在工件上方的工作空间的上部区域中的空气供应源供应空气，并且经由在工件下方的工作空间的下部区域中的空气排放装置排放空气，并且另外在于，借助于包括至少一个抽吸开口的至少一个抽吸设备抽吸走临近工件的金属粉末和/或灰尘。
根据本发明的方法可特别地通过前面描述的涂覆装置来实施。在该过程中，可实现前面描述的优点。
附图说明
下面基于在附图中示意性地示出的优选实施例来更详细地解释本发明，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的包括模块组的系统的示意图；
图2是用于涂覆工件的第一布置的示意图；
图3是根据本发明的另一系统的透视图，该系统包括多个根据图1的模块组；
图4是用于涂覆的第二布置的透视图；
图5是用于涂覆的第三布置的示意图；
图6是用于涂覆的第四布置的示意图；
图7是第一抽吸设备的示意横截面；
图8是用于第二抽吸设备的壳体的透视图；以及
图9是包括抽吸设备的涂覆装置的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1中示出了根据本发明的系统10的第一实施例。所述系统包括四个涂覆装置20，所述四个涂覆装置20在彼此旁边以平行的布置形成模块组30。输入测量站40布置在模块组30的上游，工件(在此未示出)借助于主输送设备60输送到所述站。借助于在本实施例中被构造为多轴机器人的搬运设备32，工件从主输送设备60被拾取并被供应到箱形输入测量站40。
在输入测量站40中测量工件，特别是待涂覆的表面。在该过程中，可特别地检测待涂覆的表面的表面结构，其中特别地检测和测量表面中的峰和谷。
然后，可将所测量的工件经由搬运设备32从输入测量站40中转移出来，或直接从输入测量站40转移出来到沿着涂覆装置20运行的线性输送设备36中。在每个涂覆装置20的上游，在被设计为线性输送机的输送设备36上布置了供应设备38，借助于所述供应设备，工件通过入口开口24引入所选择的涂覆装置20的箱形壳体21的工作空间23中。
涂覆装置20被设计为相同或基本相同，并且包括运输框架22。利用该运输框架22，可借助于室内起重机或叉车来移动和重新定位涂覆装置20。这使得例如在容量改变的情况下有可能添加或去除额外的涂覆装置20，或为了修理或维护目的而用新的涂覆装置20替换现有的涂覆装置20。
在涂覆装置20中，如将在下面结合图2更详细地解释的，工件5的至少一个表面设置有金属涂层。在涂覆之后，工件5通过入口开口24被引导回到输送设备36上。这也可通过供应设备38来实施。借助于输送设备36，涂覆的工件5被运输到共同的输出测量站50，在所述共同的输出测量站50中测量工件5的涂覆的表面。在输出测量站50中进行该最终测量之后，将工件放回到主输送设备60上，借助于所述主输送设备60，可输送工件5以进行进一步处理。工件5同样可通过搬运设备32以与在输入测量站40上相同的方式从输送设备36转移到输出测量站50中并且再次输送到主输送设备60，但是这未在图1中示出。
在输入测量站40中为特定工件5确定的测量值被传输到中央控制设备。借助于控制设备，输送设备36由相关的供应设备38控制，使得所测量的工件5被引导至模块组30中的特定涂覆装置20。同时，通过控制设备将特定工件5的测量值转发到所选择的或特定的涂覆装置20，使得可取决于输入测量值来涂覆工件5。在涂覆之后，在箱形输出测量站50中测量工件，所确定的测量值同样被转发到中央控制设备和到特定工件的数据组。输入测量值和输出测量值以及涂覆参数的比较可在控制设备中进行，以便确定所述工件是否已经正确涂覆。如果需要，在涂覆期间，可通过控制设备执行涂覆装置20的操作参数的重新调整。
根据图2，可提供盘形元件（特别是具有一个或两个待涂覆的工件表面6的制动盘）作为待涂覆的工件5。可通过沉积设备25的沉积喷嘴26借助于激光沉积焊接来施加金属涂层。沉积喷嘴26布置在运载器27上。在沉积焊接中，涂层材料，特别是金属粉末，首先被施加然后借助于激光器局部熔化。在该过程中，能以多个步骤和多个层进行涂覆。特别地，还能以不同的层厚度、不同的材料和不同的方法来施加这些层，以便获得期望的特性，特别是在粘附性、耐磨性和/或耐腐蚀性方面的特性。沉积设备25的激光器可布置在沉积喷嘴26的区域中。
根据本发明，可能使用两个或更多个沉积设备25进行涂覆，沉积喷嘴26各自借助于移动设备29（例如，通过线性马达）沿着待涂覆的工件表面6借助于运载器27移动。在根据图2的激光沉积焊接中，两个涂覆设备25彼此相对布置，其中竖直布置的工件5的相对侧同时被涂覆。在该过程中，工件5可旋转地被保持在保持设备44上的运输平台46上。
在图3中示出了根据本发明的系统10的改进设计，其包括总共三个模块组30，所述模块组30各由四个涂覆装置20组成。在此，各个模块组30根据图1中的实施例设计，其中输入测量站40和输出测量站50被分配在每个模块组30中。
总共三个模块组30沿着线性主输送设备60布置，使得在这种平行布置中，可在各个模块组30和在各个处理装置20中并行地处理工件。在经过相关的输出测量站50之后，已完成涂覆的工件被引导回主输送设备60，工件借助于所述主输送设备60被传送到后处理站64。
在根据图3所示的示例性实施例中，后处理站64包括总共四个平行布置的磨削装置66。借助于磨削装置66，工件的至少一个涂覆表面可最终被处理和磨削。为了确保有效的后处理，可将检测到的每个工件的测量值转发到后处理站64中的特定的磨削装置66，所述后处理站已经由控制设备选择用于处理工件。例如，取决于所检测到的工件的涂覆表面的最终高度，磨削工具可因此在相关的磨削装置66中有效地朝工件被推进。
特别地，从根据图3的示例性实施例可看出，甚至对于潜在需要的容量的大幅度增加，不仅各个涂覆模块20而且各自包括多个涂覆模块20和相关联的输入测量站40和输出测量站50的整个模块组30都可容易地被添加到完整的系统中。
图4中示出了根据本发明的另一涂覆装置20。在该涂覆装置20中，工件5可旋转地布置在保持设备44上的运输平台46上，使得待涂覆的环形工件表面6被水平地定向。借助于特别地包括旋转马达和线性马达的移动设备29，工件5可在保持设备44上被设置成旋转移动和被设置成径向定向的线性移动。各自包括沉积喷嘴26和激光器28的两个沉积设备25被布置在待涂覆的工件表面6上方。沉积设备25可相对于工件5竖直地调整，并且在必要时还可在水平面中调整。在该涂覆装置20中，可通过两个沉积设备25同时涂覆工件5。
根据图5，示出了根据本发明的涂覆装置20的布置的另一变型。在该涂覆装置20中，两个工件5同时位于工作空间23中。在该过程中，优选地旋转地对称的工件5布置成以便绕竖直的旋转轴线可旋转，所述旋转轴线各自与彼此平行地定向。在该过程中，工件5各通过一个沉积设备25提供有涂层。沉积设备25可布置在共同支承件34上，可沿着所述共同支承件34进行沉积设备25的线性移动。支承件34也可提供用于同时将工件6保持和张紧在工作位置，其中支承件34本身是可调整的，特别是可枢转的，如箭头所指示的那样。
根据图6，示意性地示出了根据本发明的另一涂覆装置20，在其中四个工件同时布置在涂覆装置20的工作空间中。在此，工件5各自以水平的布置围绕竖直的旋转轴线可旋转地安装，以便彼此平行地定向。各工件5可借助于单独的涂覆装置25涂覆。
为了在两侧上进行涂覆，工件5可各自以共同的或单独的移动绕水平枢转轴线枢转，使得工件5的相对的水平表面也可被涂覆。
图7中的根据本发明的涂覆布置包括工件5，当工件5竖直布置时，可由两个沉积设备25从两侧同时涂覆工件5。在此情况下，每个涂覆设备25包括沉积喷嘴26，所述沉积喷嘴26包括至少一个激光器(未更详细地示出)，沉积喷嘴26被抽吸设备70的漏斗形壳体72同轴地包围。朝向沉积喷嘴26的出口锥形地变宽的漏斗形壳体72在径向方向上与沉积喷嘴24间隔开，使得为抽吸开口71形成了环形抽吸通道。通过该抽吸开口71可抽吸在涂覆期间产生的灰尘、气体或多余的金属粉末，并将其从工件5导走。抽吸可借助于负压产生设备(未示出)，特别是泵或风扇，沿着抽吸路径产生。
图8中示意性地示出了另一抽吸设备70。抽吸设备70包括中空的盘形壳体72，所述壳体72在侧部上包括用于附接工件5的槽状接收开口74。在中空室状壳体72的上部区域中，在前壁和后壁中以及在环形周壁上形成有长形的入口槽76。结果，空气可从上方进入壳体72，并且可围绕至少部分地布置在接收开口74中的工件以有针对性的方式流动，以便从工件抽吸走不希望有的灰尘、气体或多余的材料。
所抽吸的材料可通过出口开口78向下引导出壳体72。取决于所需的抽吸类型，对于围绕工件的流动，仅在涂覆装置中从顶部到底部提供一个空气流可能就足够了，或可在出口开口78的区域中连接负压产生设备，以产生额外的抽吸流。
在图9中的根据本发明的涂覆装置20的部分截面视图中，在运输框架22上设有被壳体元件包围的工作空间23，在所述空间中布置了水平地彼此相对的总共两个沉积设备25。
在涂覆期间，工件由抽吸设备70的壳体72包围，壳体72先前已在图8中更详细地示出。
为平的通道的形式的空气供应源52布置在工件上方(在此未更详细地示出)，空气从所述空气供应源通过大致平行于沉积设备25的狭窄的矩形开口横截面流入工作空间23中。漏斗状空气排放装置54布置在工作空间23的底部处，使得空气可围绕工件以有针对性的方式流动并且可从顶部到底部以有针对性的方式流过工作空间23。因此，空气也可用于冷却工作空间23。
在涂覆期间，可由移动设备29带来工件朝向沉积设备25的相对移动，所述移动设备29在所示出的实施例中由包括磁联接的旋转驱动器组成。

Claims (12)

1.用于工件(5)的金属涂覆的涂覆装置，包括
-包围工作空间(23)的壳体(21)，
-用于将至少一个工件(5)保持在所述工作空间(23)中的保持设备(44)，
-至少一个沉积设备(25)，其包括用于将金属粉末施加到待涂覆的工件表面(6)的沉积喷嘴(26)、以及用于局部熔化所述工件表面(6)上的所述金属粉末以形成涂层的激光器，
-至少一个移动设备(29)，借助于所述至少一个移动设备(29)，所述至少一个沉积设备(25)能够在所述涂覆期间相对于所述工件表面(6)移动，
-至少一个空气供应源(52)，以及
-至少一个空气排放装置(54)，
其特征在于，
-所述空气供应源(52)布置在所述工件(5)上方的所述工作空间(23)的上部区域中，并且所述空气排放装置(54)布置在所述工件(5)下方的所述工作空间(23)的下部区域中，并且
-另外在于，至少一个抽吸设备(70)设有临近所述工件(5)布置的至少一个抽吸开口(71)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆装置，其特征在于，待涂覆的所述工件表面(6)水平地布置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆装置，其特征在于，待涂覆的所述工件表面(6)竖直地布置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆装置，其特征在于，至少两个沉积设备(25)布置在所述壳体(21)中的所述工作空间(23)中，所述至少两个沉积设备(25)被设计为同时施加和熔化金属粉末。
5.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆装置，其特征在于，提供了至少两个沉积设备(25)，借助所述至少两个沉积设备(25)，能够在工件(5)上同时沉积涂层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆装置，其特征在于，至少两个工件(5)布置在所述工作空间(23)中，并且能够各自通过至少一个沉积设备(25)同时涂覆。
7.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆装置，其特征在于，所述抽吸设备(70)包括中空体状壳体(72)，所述中空体状壳体(72)包括接收开口(74)，在涂覆期间，所述至少一个工件(5)至少部分地布置在所述接收开口(74)中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的涂覆装置，其特征在于，所述中空体状壳体(72)包括在上部部分中的入口槽(76)和在下部部分中的至少一个出口开口(78)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的涂覆装置，其特征在于，所述中空体状壳体(72)是大致盘形的。
10.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆装置，其特征在于，所述抽吸设备(70)的所述抽吸开口(71)能够相对于所述工件(5)移动。
11.根据权利要求1所述的涂覆装置，其特征在于，所述抽吸设备(70)的所述抽吸开口(71)被设计成围绕所述沉积设备(25)的所述沉积喷嘴(26)成环形，并且能够与所述沉积喷嘴(26)相对于所述工件(5)移动。
12.用于对工件(6)进行金属涂覆，特别是使用根据权利要求1所述的涂覆装置(20)对工件(6)进行金属涂覆的方法，在其中
-借助于保持设备(44)将至少一个工件(5)保持在工作空间(23)中的壳体(21)中，
-借助于至少一个沉积设备(25)涂覆工件表面(6)，其中借助于所述至少一个沉积设备(25)的所述沉积喷嘴(26)将金属粉末施加到待涂覆的工件表面(6)，并且借助于所述至少一个沉积设备(25)的激光器将所述施加的金属粉末局部熔化在所述工件表面(6)上，其中形成了金属涂层，
-在涂覆期间，借助于至少一个移动设备(29)相对于所述工件表面(6)移动所述至少一个沉积设备(25)，并且
-空气经由至少一个空气供应源(52)供应到所述工作空间(23)中，并经由至少一个空气排放装置(54)从所述工作空间(23)排放，
其特征在于，
空气经由在所述工件(5)上方的所述工作空间(23)的上部区域中的所述空气供应源(52)供应，并且空气经由在所述工件(5)下方的所述工作空间(23)的下部区域中的所述空气排放装置(54)排放，并且
另外在于，借助于包括至少一个抽吸开口(71)的至少一个抽吸设备(70)抽吸走临近所述工件(5)的金属粉末和/或灰尘。
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