CN112449964A

CN112449964A - High-yield planting method for camellia oleifera

Info

Publication number: CN112449964A
Application number: CN202011128230.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高晓敏; 王琚钢; 刘敏
Original assignee: Tongren University
Current assignee: Tongren University
Priority date: 2020-10-20
Filing date: 2020-10-20
Publication date: 2021-03-09

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield planting method for camellia oleifera and relates to the technical field of agricultural product planting. The invention includes that sandy loam and light clay loam with the soil depth of more than 60cm, at least more than 40cm, good drainage, better fertility, good moisture and air permeability and slightly acidic pH value range of 5.5-6.5 are selected in the forestation land. By arranging the novel seed selection method, the problems of late fruit bearing, low yield, slow benefit and the like of the existing tea-oil trees are solved, the yield of the tea-oil trees is improved, and the benefit of tea farmers is improved. So as to effectively improve the yield and improve the quality of the tea oil.

Description

High-yield planting method for camellia oleifera

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product planting, and particularly relates to a high-yield planting method for camellia oleifera.

Background

China is the origin of oil tea, oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel), belongs to the Theaceae, is the main and unique woody oil tree in China, has long service life and strong adaptability, can grow on hills, mountains, ditches and roadside, and does not compete with grains and cotton. The camellia oleifera can not only green barren mountains and maintain water and soil, but also be evergreen broad-leaved trees with thick leaves and leather, and the trunks are smooth and can play a fireproof role, so the camellia oleifera is also an excellent tree species of a fireproof forest zone, can be cultivated in southern mountainous areas and counties of Dabie mountainous areas of our province, is cultivated in camellia oleifera in our city, is vertically distributed in low mountains below 400m, is relatively higher than 200 m, has a slope below 25 ℃, is suitable for cultivation around hills and basins, has short sunshine time on hills and shady slopes, is early cooled, is easily damaged by frost and northern wind, can lead the camellia oleifera to grow to high height, has short side branches, less branches and low yield, is not suitable for large-area production of the camellia oleifera, and at present, the existing camellia oleifera cultivation area in China is about 6000 mu, but has the problems of late fruit bearing, low yield, slow benefit and the like in new forest lands.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-yield planting method for camellia oleifera, which aims to solve the existing problems: at present, the cultivation area of the oil tea in China is about 6000 million acres, but the problems of late fruit bearing, low yield, slow benefit and the like exist in new forestation land.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a high-yield planting method for camellia oleifera, which comprises a high-yield planting method for camellia oleifera, a land preparation method, a seed selection method, a planting method, a management method, a grafting method and a disease and pest control method, and is characterized in that: the land preparation method comprises the following steps;

step one; the tea-oil tree has low requirement on the afforestation land, but for high and stable yield, the afforestation land should be selected from sandy loam and light clay loam with the soil depth of more than 60cm, at least more than 40cm, good drainage, good fertility, good moisture and air permeability, and subacid (pH value range: 5.5-6.5), the limestone mountain land cannot be planted, but the planting in the sandy soil with high sand content on the mountain top and without water retention and poor drainage is avoided as much as possible, and the land preparation is carried out in autumn and winter before the afforestation.

Step two; the whole land is prepared, the whole land can be prepared in flat or gentle slope (the slope is within 15 degrees), the land can be prepared in about 9 months, the depth is 20-25 cm in mountainous areas and 25-30 cm in hills, sundries such as stones and tree roots are removed, the soil is exposed to the sun and cured, and the holes of 6O multiplied by 60cm are dug at fixed points in the mountains after the soil is raked for 11 months.

Further, the seed selection method comprises the following steps;

step one; the oil tea seed is selected by four aspects of chip selection, plant selection, fruit selection and seed selection, and fresh high-quality seeds with large, full, black brown seed shells, no disease spots and luster are selected.

Step two; note that the seed storage method: after the tea fruit is picked, the tea fruit can not be piled and retted and can not be solarized, and the tea fruit is thinly spread in a place where air is circulated and dry, so that the tea fruit is naturally cracked and threshed, and seeds are stored in a shady and dry room. Generally, the multipurpose wet sand is stored on the ground in a laminated manner or in a kiln.

Further, the planting method comprises the following steps;

step one; the method is characterized in that a drilling method is adopted, sowing can be carried out in winter and spring, sowing can be carried out in winter in l1 months, sowing can be carried out in spring in 2-3 months, the width of a furrow for winter sowing is 10-12 cm, the furrow distance is 18-21 cm, the depth is 4-5 cm, the sowing amount per mu is 100-125 kg, water selection and disinfection are carried out on seeds before sowing, covering soil is carried out for 3-4 cm after sowing, then a layer of straw is covered in a thin and thin mode, grass is uncovered in the last ten days of 4 months, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied when the height of seedlings is about 10cm, and compound fertilizer is applied when 3-5 true leaves are.

Step two; the method comprises the steps of well preparing a seedbed and applying enough base fertilizer before sowing, covering a layer of fine fertile soil after sowing and covering a layer of thin grass on the fine fertile soil so as to keep the soil moist and enable seeds to sprout and emerge as soon as possible, uncovering the thin grass when the seeds sprout and emerge, and weeding and loosening the soil in time.

Further, the management method includes the steps of;

step one; weeding and loosening soil, namely weeding and loosening soil 1 time in the current year for afforestation, weeding 2 times each year later, weeding for the first time in 5-6 months, and weeding for the second time in different areas from ten days after 8 months to 9 months, and the earth surface is hot in three seasons, so that weeding and loosening soil are not suitable. The soil loosening depth is preferably 3-5 cm, the afforestation is shallow in the current year, and the soil loosening depth is deepened year by year; the pocket edge of the young tree is shallow and can be gradually deepened outwards, the loam is shallow and the clay is deep.

Step two; in the forest land where the base fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer is not applied again in the first year, the fertilizer is applied twice a year, the slow-acting fertilizer is applied in winter, such as burnt lime or other decomposed organic fertilizers, the quick-acting fertilizer is applied in spring, such as urea, and the like, the early spring is superior to summer and autumn, the fertilizing amount of each plant in one year does not exceed 25 g, and the fertilizer is preferably applied for multiple times, the fertilizing amount of each plant does not exceed 10 g each time, the method comprises the steps of broadcasting, annular furrow application and the like, wherein the broadcasting is to uniformly spread the fertilizer around the crown, the fertilizer is combined with intertilling and turning into the soil, and the annular furrow application is to dig a circular or semicircular ditch with the width of 20-30 cm at the outer edge of the.

Further, the grafting method comprises the following steps;

step one; cutting stock for grafting, selecting 24 branches of stock for each tree with proper angle, straight and smooth trunk, no disease and pest main branch, sawing off at 50-80 cm from the ground, and removing 23 branches as nutrition branches

Step two; cutting and grafting the scions, namely flatly cutting joints on the back surfaces or the side surfaces of the scions, slightly seeing xylem parts, cutting the long sides of the scions to be 1.52cm, obliquely cutting short joints on the back surfaces of the scions to be 30-degree inclined surfaces, forming a horse ear shape, generally cutting the scions one leaf by one bud, and cutting off 1/3-1/2 leaves.

Further, the method for preventing and controlling diseases and pests comprises the following steps;

step one; anthracnose: before winter, 50% carbendazim and 500 times of wettable powder are used for prevention and treatment. 300 times of liquid of 50 percent of sterile wettable powder or 500 times of liquid of 50 percent of carbendazim is prevented and treated in summer.

Step two; soft rot: 50% carbendazim 300-500 times liquid, 75% thiophanate methyl 300-500 times liquid, 50% carbendazim 1000-1500 times liquid and 1/100 Bordeaux liquid.

Step three; blue wing longicorn: during eclosion peak period of adults, 500 times of liquid of 20% fruit emulsion and 1000 times of liquid of 90% trichlorfon can be sprayed, and 500 times of liquid of 90% trichlorfon can be sprayed during larval period.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. by setting the novel seed selection method, the problems of late fruit bearing, low yield, slow benefit and the like of the existing oil tea trees are solved, so that the oil tea yield is improved, and the tea farmer benefit is improved.

2. By setting the method for preventing and controlling diseases and pests, the invention solves the problems that the yield is reduced and the yield is known to be extremely low because the existing tea trees are influenced by diseases and pests during fruit setting. So as to effectively improve the yield and improve the quality of the tea oil.

Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention relates to a high-yield planting method of camellia oleifera, which comprises a soil preparation method, a seed selection method, a planting method, a management method, a grafting method and a disease and pest control method, and is characterized in that: the land preparation method comprises the following steps;

Step two; the whole land is cultivated and prepared, the slope of the whole land can be controlled within 15 degrees in flat or gentle slope land, the land can be prepared in about 9 months, the depth is 20-25 cm in mountainous areas and 25-30 cm in hills, sundries such as stones and tree roots are removed, the soil is exposed to the sun and cured, and the holes are dug at fixed points in the mountains and are 6O multiplied by 60cm after the soil is harrowed for 11 months.

The seed selection method comprises the following steps;

A planting method comprises the following steps;

The management method comprises the following steps;

step one; weeding and loosening soil, namely weeding and loosening soil 1 time in the current year for afforestation, weeding 2 times each year later, loosening soil and weeding the soil in the first time between 5 and 6 months, and in the second time in different areas from ten days to 9 months in the last 8 months, the ground surface is hot in three fluvial days, the weeding and loosening soil are not suitable, the loosening soil depth is generally 3 to 5cm, the afforestation is suitable for shallow in the current year, and the soil is deepened year by year later; the pocket edge of the young tree is shallow and can be gradually deepened outwards, the loam is shallow and the clay is deep.

The grafting method comprises the following steps;

step one; and (3) cutting stocks and grafting, selecting 24 main branches of the stocks of each tree with proper angles, straight and smooth trunk, no disease and pest, sawing off the main branches 50-80 cm away from the ground, and removing all the other branches except 23 branches serving as nutrition branches.

The method for preventing and controlling the diseases and the pests comprises the following steps;

One specific application of this embodiment is: firstly, arranging and selecting a planting field, selecting a forest field with the soil depth of more than 60cm, at least more than 40cm, good drainage, good fertility, good moisture and air permeability, performing soil preparation in about 9 months, the depth of the field is 20-25 cm, the hills are 25-30 cm, removing impurities such as stones and tree roots, then selecting some high-quality seeds, selecting oil tea seeds, selecting fresh high-quality seeds with large grains, fullness, dark brown seed shells, no disease spots and luster, then planting nursery stocks, selecting the seeds with the furrow width of 10-12 cm, the furrow distance of 18-21 cm, the depth of 4-5 cm and the sowing amount of 100-125 kg per mu of seeds in spring and winter as far as possible, then grafting the nursery stocks, cutting ears and the like, and further mainly preventing and controlling diseases and pests, diseases, soft rot, anthracnose, soft rot, and the like, Blue wing longicorn, etc., which in turn solve the series of problems and can improve the yield.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-yield planting method for camellia oleifera comprises a soil preparation method, a seed selection method, a planting method, a management method, a grafting method and a disease and pest control method, and is characterized in that: the land preparation method comprises the following steps;

step one; the tea-oil tree has low requirements on forestation land, but for high and stable yield, the forestation land should select sandy loam and light clay loam with the soil depth soil thickness of more than 60cm and at least more than 40cm, good drainage, good fertility, good moisture and air permeability, and the pH value range of slightly acidic is 5.5-6.5, limestone mountain land cannot be planted, but the planting in sandy soil with high mountain top sand grain content and without water retention and poor drainage is avoided as much as possible, and the land preparation is carried out in autumn and winter before the forestation;

2. The high-yield planting method for the camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein the seed selection method comprises the following steps;

step one; the oil tea seed collection includes four steps of selecting fresh high-quality seeds with large, full, black and brown seed shells, no disease spots and luster;

step two; note that the seed storage method: after the tea fruits are picked, the tea fruits cannot be piled and retted and cannot be solarized, and the tea fruits should be thinly spread in a place where air circulates and is dry to naturally crack and thresh, and seeds are stored in a shady and dry room; generally, the multipurpose wet sand is stored on the ground in a laminated manner or in a kiln.

3. The high-yield planting method for the camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps;

step one; the method is suitable for drilling, the seeds can be sowed in winter and spring, the seeds can be sowed in winter in l1 months, the seeds can be sowed in spring in 2-3 months, the width of the furrow for winter sowing is 10-12 cm, the furrow distance is 18-21 cm, the depth is 4-5 cm, the sowing amount per mu is 100-125 kg, the seeds are subjected to water selection and disinfection before sowing, the soil is covered with 3-4 cm after sowing, a layer of straw is covered in a thin and thin manner, the grass is uncovered in the last ten days of 4 months, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied when the seedling is about 10cm high, and compound fertilizer is applied when 3-5 true leaves are applied;

4. The high-yield planting method for the camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein the management method comprises the following steps;

step one; weeding and loosening the soil for 1 time in the current year for afforestation, weeding for 2 times in each year later, weeding for the first time between 5 and 6 months, and weeding for the second time in different areas from ten days after 8 months to 9 months, the earth surface is hot in three weeks, the soil is not suitable to loosen and weed, the loosening depth is generally 3 to 5cm, the afforestation is shallow in the current year, the soil is deepened year by year later, the pocket edge of a young tree is shallow, the soil can be deepened outwards gradually, the soil is shallow, and the clay is deep;

5. The high-yield planting method for the camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein the grafting method comprises the following steps;

step one; cutting stocks for grafting, selecting 24 branches of stocks for each tree, selecting main branches with proper angles, straight and smooth trunk, and no diseases and insects, sawing off the main branches 50-80 cm away from the ground, and removing all the other branches except 23 branches serving as nutrition branches;

6. The high-yield planting method for the camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein the disease and pest control method comprises the following steps;

step one; anthracnose: before winter, 50 percent of carbendazim and 500 times of wettable powder are used for preventing and treating diseases; in summer, the 300 times of liquid of 50 percent of the sterile wettable powder or the 500 times of liquid of 50 percent of the carbendazim are prevented and treated;

step two; soft rot: 50% carbendazim 300-500 times liquid, 75% thiophanate methyl 300-500 times liquid, 50% carbendazim 1000-1500 times liquid and 1/100 Bordeaux liquid;