CN1124477A - 结构部件、由该部件制成的产品及该部件的制作方法 - Google Patents
结构部件、由该部件制成的产品及该部件的制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1124477A CN1124477A CN94192236A CN94192236A CN1124477A CN 1124477 A CN1124477 A CN 1124477A CN 94192236 A CN94192236 A CN 94192236A CN 94192236 A CN94192236 A CN 94192236A CN 1124477 A CN1124477 A CN 1124477A
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Abstract
一种结构部件(10),它由坯件制成,每个部件(10)包括多个用粘合剂粘在一起的波纹状纸板片(12),该多个板片位于芯纤维层(16,18)之间,每个芯纤维层(16,18)包括至少一个纤维板片(19),一对实心纤维板片盖板(20,22),该盖板粘接于纸板片的相应侧面和芯纤维层(16,18)的相应侧边。本发明还包括上述部件的制作方法,其步骤是采用波纹状纸板(12)形成坯件,将其切成板件,该板件可用作板件、板、加强件,特别是可用作波纹状纸板包装件的部件。另外本发明还公开了由板件制成的平板架和由坯件切制成的平面板片形成的平板架。
Description
本发明主要涉及物品的包装件。本发明特别涉及制作包装件部件的结构部件、由该部件制成的产品及该部件的制作方法。
许多种制品必须包于包装件中以便在生产厂房进行库存并通过卡车或列车运给客户或中间环节的分配中心。上述制品往往体积很大,也很重,比如草地和庭园的手扶拖拉机、外置马达,大型电动机、冰箱、炉窑、中央空调和加热器等。
上述制品的包装件可用来避免制品受到损坏,并提供了搬动和运输该制品的结构。用于上述大型和较重制品的包装件必须具有足够的结构强度以便可对制品进行操作并可在包库中将制品叠置达5或6个包装件的高度。叠置可节省仓库空间和相应的运输成本。比如,庭园拖拉机一般每台重达500磅,其长度为48~60英寸。一个工厂每天可生产2000多台拖拉机。工厂必须将至少6台拖拉机叠置成垛以便减少所需仓库空间进而进行大批量生产。
对于形状奇特的制品,如草地拖拉机、外置马达、电动机等,该制品一般本身不带有其内在强度可有助于叠置的自然顶部或壁。这样包装件侧壁本身因此要具有足够的强度以便可使重达几千磅的包装制品叠置于最底层包装件顶部。在包装业中标准的作法是在作该结构包装件设计时有足够的安全系数以保证制品叠垛不会因叠置应力以及环境变化、如高湿和高热条件而塌落。比如,当包括波纹纸板的介质和纸内衬层吸收大气水份时,该波纹纸板会损失50%的叠置强度。因此一般设计包装件时将安全系数定为底部包装件实际计算载荷的4∶1或4.5∶1。比如,将6个重达325磅的庭园拖拉机叠置起来,底层包装件要承受5个包装件和拖拉机的荷载。该荷载为325×5磅,即1625磅,它压于叠垛中最底层包装件上。如安全系数定为4∶1,则这些制品的包装件需要具有6500磅的顶部载荷抗压强度。
另外,包装件可叠放于运送制品的拖拉机车或列车中。根据包装件的实际高度和卡车拖车或列车的内侧高度往往需要将制品叠置达2个、3个或4个包装件的高度。叠置可节省空间并降低每个包装的运费。但是卡车或列车运输会使叠垛中底层的包装件受到较大的扭矩力矩或扭力。这些力是由路面振动、刹车、车辆启动及转弯造成的。因此包装件必须具有足够的结构强度以便在运输中不致压扁。另外,借助叉车或夹紧(夹持)车对包装件的操作会使装载较重制品的包装件的底部和侧壁受到很大的力的作用。上述操作一般速度很快,其动作很剧烈。将包装件通过分配循环多次搬运是很常见的,故包装件要足够结实以经受上述反复的搬运。
为了满足上述需要或满足大型笨重的制品包装的需要,人们开发并采用了多种包装件。这其中包括木板条箱和波纹状包装件。木板条箱又包括木制侧壁箱和外缠绳的木箱。木箱造价高,体积大,重量大从而很难在生产线上装配。波纹状包装件包括完全波纹状包装件和木加强的波纹状包装件。完全波纹状包装件包括内部波纹状纸板筒,该筒构成具有抗压强度的角部柱。
但是木加强波纹状包装件作为上述大型和笨重制品的设计为很多生产厂商所选用。其中一种该类型的包装件在专利权人为Grigsby,专利号为US4832256的专利中进行了描述。在该包装件的波纹状纸板体侧壁上固定有称为加强件的木质部件。该加强件可对上面所述包装件的叠置、搬运和运输提供支承和支托。如上所述,该木加强件的宽度和宽度设计成可提供特定的安全系数以便使包装件具有所需的特性。作为典型代表,大型包装件,比如用于庭园拖拉机或外置马达的包装件在靠近其每个角部处沿竖向固定有一个加强件。用来增加叠置强度的其它竖向加强件一般设于包装件中纵向或横向板的中间。该中间加强件可提供附加的支承。一般还要设有木质底架或平板架,该架上通过塞紧、捆扎或两者的组合方式固定有制品。此外还提供有木质顶架,它压靠于竖向木加强件的顶端上面。该顶架形成有加强顶面,该面可分散或分配叠置于其上方的其它包装件的荷载。上述顶架还可防止包装件内的制品遭受损坏,比如可避免在运输期间位于上方的较小包装件掉落下来。
波纹状包装件用的木架强件具有多个优点。木材就其重量而言很结实,它容易借助标准的切削、锯切和开榫等机器进行机加工。开榫机可切出特定的凹槽或与一凹部(称为榫眼)相对合的凸部,以便在木支架中形成锁定连接。与波纹纸板相比在高热和高湿条件下木材的强度不会损失。然而,木材也具有几项主要缺点。不断增强的环保意识已成为包装件设计和使用中的因素。木材难于简单地再生,因此许多木包装件最终扔到拉圾堆中。然而现有的拉圾堆场地越来越满而正在关闭。如果可以扔至拉圾堆,则卸放该笨重材料的费用也是在不断增加。因此生产上述很重而耐用的制品的厂商客户正在不断要求可全部再生的包装件。为此,再生业促进了处理厂的数量和地点”增加,在该处理厂中将波纹状包装件再次制成浆液以形成新的再生衬板卷。
另外,木材供应是有限的,这样就使木材的价格上涨。切削包装木材板需开采大量的老龄大树,而该树对建筑木材来说是更为需要和重要的。波纹状纸板和实心纤维板由原木料浆制成,该原木一般是在经营的林场快速生长的小树。可将锯木厂和使用木材的工厂废品木料研磨并化成木浆而制成实心纤维和波纹状纸板的牛皮纸。
然而,波纹状纸板本身并没有所需的强度以便在较重结构的使用场合、如上述所需要的包装要求条件下来代替木材。
目前人们生产出了波纹状纸板管和纤维板管,并将其用作包装件的竖向加强件。一般来说,这些管的横截面为圆形或三角形。波纹状纸板具有相对较薄的纸衬和有槽的介质,这样在尺寸给定情况下纸板的密度比木质件的低。纸板加强件的相应抗压和抗弯强度也大大低于木质件。因此,需要大量的带折线的折叠体以便使包装件具有足够的顶部抗压强度从而取代木加强件。一般来说上述多个形体的尺寸和制作成本是无法与木材相比的。制品也许具有下述尺寸限制,该限制使上述支承体的设置和尺寸受到制约。增加波纹状柱数量以及内部尺寸的限制要求过大的包装件来接纳制品和上述支承体。然而,一般人们希望包装件的外部尺寸尽可能小从而使运费和贮存成本降到最小。如果将包装制品的形状可使其刚好以紧巾方式伸入包装件的角部,则不允许设置较大的角部柱状加强件。上述情况的一个实例是手扶拖拉机的轮刚好以紧巾方式伸入包装件的角部。该包装件尺寸必须较大以便容纳制品和支承体。
上述制品和包装件往往与运输、搬运和存放用的平板架固定。该平板架是一种可移动平台,它用来在仓库、工厂或车辆中搬运、存放或移动制品和包装件。该平板架包括底部支承件,它称为基板、底板或底面板。在本申请中上述名称统称为基板。沿该基板横向设有称为纵桁件的横向件。该纵桁件与基板相连。面板与纵桁件顶面相连以形成制品和包装件的放置面。纵桁件的高度确定面板与基板之间的空间以便可接纳提升式叉车延伸托板。
平板架一般由木材制成。该木材为竖固的材料,它可经历长期的搬运和运输。采用木材制作可使平板架具有较长的有效使用期。然而木制平板架较重,并且会损坏。比如,基板、纵桁件和面板会破裂。损坏的平板架对某些荷载来说仍可使用。一般来说采用平板架的公司要有设置空闲平板架的存放场地。在再次使用之前要将平板架存放起来以便将损坏的平板架选出。可对损坏的平板架修理,无法修复的平板架一般扔至拉圾堆中。制作平板架的木材价格正在上升,而可获得的木材供应量正在下降。另外丢弃平板架的费用也在上涨。
因此,在本技术领域需要提供一种改进的平板架,该架用于制品和包装件的运输、搬运和存放,它由结构部件制成。
本发明提供一种改进的结构部件,它用来制作较重制品的包装件中用的构件,该构件包括平板架,本发明还提供了一种上述结构部件的制作方法。一般来说,上述结构部件包括最好由波纹状纸形成的低密度芯和最好由纤维板片形成的高密度盖板。上述结构部件中的芯是通过按选定厚度从坯件切下的部分而形成,该坯件包括波纹状纸板片,该板片相互叠置在一起并与第一平面相平行,上述板片借助粘合剂粘接在一起。上述切下部分是沿与第一平面相垂直的第二平面所确定的直线切削的。一对盖板与因切削坯件而外露的二个面相连。
一般来说,该结构部件包括用粘合剂粘接并叠置在一起的多个长条波纹纸板片。每个顶部和底部盖板包括至少一个纤维板片,顶部和底部盖板与叠置的纸板片中的相应一个外侧板片粘接。实心纤维板片形成的一对侧盖板与纸板片的相应侧面以及顶部和底部盖板的相应侧边粘接。
根据本发明的另一方面,结构部件具有至少一个腹板,它位于二个相邻波纹状纸板片之间并对称位于顶部和底部盖板之间。
再一方面,本发明还提供了一种平板架,该架包括基板、纵桁件和面板。至少二个间隔开的承板沿横向与至少二个间隔开的基板相连。每个纵桁件的端部搭接于基板上。至少二个间隔开的面板沿横向与纵桁件相连。纵桁件端部搭接于基板上。基板、纵桁件和面板在搭接部借助粘合剂粘接在一起。每个基板、纵桁件和面板包括波纹状纸板片芯,该板片借助粘合剂粘接叠置在一起。该芯由盖板盖住,该板最好为纤维板片。
本发明还提供了一种结构部件的制作方法。该方法包括形成至少二个芯层,其中每个芯层包括多个波纹状纸板片,该板片粘接叠置在一起并位于纤维板片形成的顶部和底部盖板之间。将切好的波纹状纸板片粘接于相邻的芯层之间以形成具有至少二个芯层的坯件。按预定宽度切割坯件以形成多个长条芯板。之后在芯板的侧边粘接一对纤维板片侧盖板以形成带盖板的板件。然后沿上述切好的波纹状纸板片切割该板件以形成至少二个结构部件。
再有一方面,本发明提供了一种结构部件的制作方法,该方法包括在波纹状纸板片表面涂粘合剂,该板片具有波纹体,该波纹体由位于平面纸板之间的波纹片形成。该纸板片粘接叠置在一起形成坯件。按预定宽度切割该坯件形成长条芯板。也可按预定宽度沿横向对坯件切割以形成长条芯柱。之后将盖板设置于芯板(或芯柱)的侧边以便将切开的面盖住。该带盖板的芯件便形成可用作结构部件的带盖板的板件或带盖板的柱。
再有,本发明还提供了一种可用来制作结构部件的坯件。该坯件包括至少二个结构部件的芯件,它们由切好的波纹板片分隔开。每个芯件包括纤维板片顶部和底部盖板,该板片粘接在一起并且它们中间夹有多个波纹状纸板片。
结合附图阅读下面的本发明的具体描述及权利要求书容易得出本发明的目的、优点和特点。
图1为本发明的长条结构部件的剖面图;
图2为用来制作多个图1所示的结构部件的坯件透视图;
图3为制作图1所示结构部件的生产线的俯视图;
图4为波纹状纸板包装件的透视图,该包装件带有由图1所示结构部件制成的支架部件和加强件;
图5为由图1所示结构部件制成的加强件的放大细部透视图,该加强件带有端部凸榫和斜面端部,上述凸榫插入横向件的榫槽中,上述斜面端部与第二横向件中切出的斜面相对合,该加强件用于运输包装件;
图6a为图1所示结构部件的榫槽侧部透视图;
图6b为图6a所示结构部件和榫槽的底端透视图;
图6c表示用图1所示结构部件制成的加强件,它具有斜削面顶部,该顶部与横向件的斜面槽对合,它用于运输包装件;
图7a为由图1所示结构部件制作的可折叠支架部件的透视图;
图7b为图7a所示的折叠支架部件的透视图;
图7c为图7a所示的支架部件中开设的槽的细部侧视图;
图8a为图7a所示可折叠支架部件的替换实施例,该部件带有锁定角部槽;
图8b为图8a所示支架部件的透视图,该部件折叠形成包装件支架部件;
图8c为图8a所示支架部件中开设的槽的详细侧视图;
图9为图1所示结构部件的替换实施例的端视图,该部件带有腹板,该板位于内部波纹状纸板片之间;
图10为图1所示结构部件的替换实施例的端视图,该部件具有成对的腹板,该成对腹板对称设于结构部件侧边;
图11为图1所示结构部件的替换实施例的端侧透视图,其中的波纹状板片带有与结构部件纵轴线相垂直的波纹槽;
图12为采用本发明的板装配成的平板架的透视图;
图13为图12所示的平板架的角部透视图,它表示该平板架的细部;
图14为本发明的交叉波纹的坯件;
图15为从图14所示坯件切制而成的梁的透视图,该梁带有盖板;
图16为由波纹状纸板片形成的坯件透视图;
图17为从图16所示坯件切制而成的板件的透视图,该板件带有盖板;
图18为用本发明的板件制成的平板架的分解透视图;
图19为本发明的坯件的透视图。
下面仔细参照附图,在该图中各图中相同部分采用相同的标号,图1表示用作木制部件的替代件的长条结构部件10优选实施例的端部剖面图,该部件特别适合用于波纹状纸板运输包装件。该结构部件10为结实的纤维波纹状纸板复合件,它借助粘合剂粘接而成。该结构部件10包括多个波纹状纸板片12,该多个板片借助位于相邻纸板片之间的粘接层14叠置在一起。底部盖板16和顶部盖板18之间夹有上述多个纸板片12。在这里底部盖板16和顶部盖板18还称作芯纤维层16和18。借助粘合剂该芯纤维层16和18与靠外侧的相应一个纸板片12粘接。该芯纤维层16和18包括一个或多个纤维板片。粘合剂将该多个纤维板片粘接在一起。在这里称作盖板20和22的一对侧盖板20和22借助粘接剂与结构部件10的侧边相连从而将波纹状纸板片12和芯纤维层16和18的侧边盖住。盖板20和22包括一个或多个纤维板片。借助粘合剂该多个板片粘接在一起。在图示实施例中,盖板20和22带有二个1/8英寸厚的纤维板,芯纤维层16和18具有三个纤维板,另外共有四个双壁波纹状纸板片。
波纹状纸板片12最好轻质,一般来说它对结构部件10顶部抗压强度不起增强作用。芯纤维层16和18、盖板20和22、结构部件10的厚度和宽度决定该部件的抗压强度、抗弯强度和刚度。波纹状纸板片一般具有下述形状,该形状可与实心芯纤维层和盖板相连或适合设置该芯纤维层和盖板,从而可提供为具有所需的抗压强度、抗弯强度和刚度所必须的整体横截面宽度和壁厚度。波纹状纸板12还带有与结构部件相连的接缝中间结构,这一点将在下文描述。
在图1所示实施例中,波纹状纸板片为双壁波纹状纸板片。正如该领域普通技术人员所公知的,双壁波纹状纸板包括二个波纹状介质层,这二个层由纸内衬隔开。双壁波纹状纸板片12侧边由一对外衬盖住。该外衬28最好为中皮纸层片。
波纹状纸板12的每层厚度主要取决于波纹体尺寸。共计有二个基本波纹体尺寸的工业标准,其中A为高度最大的波纹,B稍小,E为最矮的波纹。工业标准的双壁波纹状纸板采用B—C波纹体,但一般也可采用A—A波纹体、A—C波纹和C—C波纹体。一般来说,波纹体尺寸不从结构上考虑,而是要考虑到,波纹高度越大,则波纹状板片的数量应越小,从而可使结构部件10满足特定的整体厚度。采用A—A波纹体制作的结构部件10要求板片的数量最少,当采用A—C波纹体时,其板片要求数量之次,对于C—C、B—C波纹体,板片要求数量最高。如下文要描述的,较小的板片要求较少的粘接层,从而可降低材料成本以及将纸板腹板片12叠置在一起的工作成本。上述费用的节省可通过采用在市场易买到的B—C波纹而平衡,与其它波纹结构相比该B—C波纹一般可按更大的批量生产,并且每平方英寸的价格一般较低。
在替换实施例(图中未示出)中,结构部件10是采用三壁波纹状纸板制作的。这样可降低生产该结构部件所必须的板片和粘接层的数量。然而,许多公司不生产三壁纸板,并且其材料成本较高。
在另一替换实施例中,波纹状纸板12为单壁。然而,这样会增加生产该结构部件10所必须的板片和粘接层的数量。
本发明再一替换例采用开口波纹纸板,该板不带有外衬。虽然该开口波纹状纸板可以卷筒方式获得,并且一般其成本较低,但是很难将相邻板片粘接,并且由于难于涂粘合剂,结构部件10的生产效率较低。
图1所示的结构部件10最好以下述方式生产,该方式为形成图2端侧透视图所示的长条坯件40,对其进行切割。该坯件40包括多个隔开的芯41。每个芯41包括芯纤维层16和18以及多个波纹状纸板片12,它们确定结构部件10的厚度。在这里成组的芯纤维层16和18以及纸板片12定义为芯41。该芯41可根据包装件的要求,通过改变板片的数量而按选定的宽度和厚度生产芯41。坯件40包括多个芯41,每个芯41由切制层42隔开。该层42最好为用于下面要描述的目的的双壁波纹状纸板。上述坯件的替换实施例(下面将要描述)可采用波纹状纸板片形成以制成所需宽度的板件,它不带切制层42。
在坯件40中将多个芯41装配在一起以使坯件具有选定厚度。然后按虚线46表示的预定宽度45对坯件40切割形成多个芯板件43。在优选实施例中,该芯板件43的切割宽度1.5~2为英寸左右。由坯件40切制成的该芯板件43最好为中间产品,但是如下文所描述的,它也可用作支架部件。
如下文所描述的,图1所示的盖板20和22分别与芯板件相连从而将纸板片12以及底部和顶部纤维层16和18侧边盖住。所形成的板件44在这里称为带盖板板件或板件。之后穿过切制层42切割该板件以便由该板件制成单独的结构部件。
图3为生产线50的俯视图,该图中带有装配坯件40和从该坯件40切制多个结构部件40的移动方向50。装配线50带有坯件成形台52。一对传送器54将多个波纹状纸板片12送给供料传送器56。一对传送器58将用于形成芯纤维层16和18的多个纤维板片57送给供料传送器56。传送器54和58最好分别将叠置的纸板和纤维板送到供料传送器56上。
如下面所述的,分别按顺序取下纸板和纤维板形成坯件40。供料传送器56将波纹状纸板片和纤维板片送入并穿过喷胶器60。该喷胶器60在通过的波纹状纸板片或纤维板片表面形成平坦的粘合剂层。
坯件成形台52接纳位于滚轮传送器64上的来自喷胶器60的带粘合剂的板片。取用从传送器54和56按顺序送来的带粘合剂板片在滚轮传送器64装配坯件40。多个校正缸66与位于坯件成形台62侧边的校正板68相连。最好该校正缸66为液压缸。当将纸板片和纤维板片叠置而装配坯件时,该缸66将校正板68压靠于坯件40侧边。在装配时校正缸66和板68与坯件40相对齐。
滚轮传送器64将装配好的坯件传送给加压台70,该台70包括多个滚轮,该滚轮可将纸板片和纤维板片强制叠压在一起。这种加压装置对该领域普通技术人员来说是公知的,加压台70的长度取决于粘合剂的硬化时间以及设有坯件40的传送带通过该加压台70的速度。可采用胶合板制造本行业常用的气动加压器以代替上述滚轮加压器。传送器将叠置装配好的坯件送入加压器中。该加压器的上压板强制下压以便对坯件加压。该压力要维持粘合剂所需的特定的硬化时间。
支架72接纳受压的坯件40。该支架72穿过带状切头装置74沿侧向在轨道73上移动,上述装置74可将坯件40沿图2中线46方向切成芯板件43。在优选实施例中,该装置74具有双侧带锯,该锯可在支架72向前行进和向后行进时对坯件40进行切割。
板件传送器76接纳从坯件切下的芯板件43。板件传送器76将芯板从装置74处送至喷胶器78。该喷胶器78将粘合剂涂于芯板件43的侧边。带粘合剂的芯板件43置于传送器79上以便安装盖板20和22。相邻叠置区80包括用于盖住结构部件10侧边的纤维板盖板20。加压器82接纳来自传送器79的芯板43以便将盖板20和22与芯板叠压在一起。送出传送器84接纳受压带盖板的板件44。之后沿切制板片42按纵向切割每个板件44以形成单独的具有所需宽度和厚度的可代替木制部件的结构部件。如下面所描述的,按一定长度切割结构部件10,并采用一般的木材切割设备,如锯和其它装置对其进行加工以形成榫槽、凸榫和斜切面端部。
在图3所示的装配线上生产出坯件40。从传送器58上取下一个芯纤维层16用的纤维板片57并将其置于供料传送器56上。该板片在该传送器上移动进入喷胶器60中,该喷胶器60在该纤维板片的顶表面涂上特定厚度的粘合剂层。将该板片置于校正板68之间并位于滚轮传送器64上。将另一纤维板片按类似方式在喷胶器中涂粘合剂并叠置于滚轮传送器64上。在优选实施例中,芯纤维层16和18分别采用三个纤维板片。
在纤维层16位于滚轮传送器64上后,再形成波纹状纸板中心。将一块双壁波纹状纸板片12从传送器54上取下并置于供料传送器56上。使该波纹状纸板片穿过喷胶器60以便在其上涂上一层粘合剂。按顺序将该波纹状纸板片叠置于坯件40上。在图示实施例中,采用了4个双壁波纹纸板片12。
之后按与层16的相同方式将纤维板片层18置于坯件40上。该层18具有足够多的纤维片以便可使用坯件制作的结构部件的壁厚满足需要。在替换实施例中,芯纤维层16和18为波纹状纸板。此实施例中的芯纤维层与纤维板相比厚度加大,但其抗拉强度减小。一般来说,与纤维板相比波纹状纸板更容易买到并且每平方英尺的价格较低。
之后使双壁波纹状纤维纸板片穿过喷胶器60。将该板片置于坯件40上形成切制片42,如图2所示。然后在前一芯顶部按上述顺序装配第二芯41。
继续上述的用于形成芯41的纤维板片和波纹状板片的涂胶和放置步骤直至将坯件41装配成所需的厚度并具有二个或更多的芯41(如下面所示,比如如图16所示,因为没有设置切制层故坯件也可仅具有一个芯)。在优选实施例中,坯件40的厚度为12英寸。所形成的芯板43的宽度约为12英寸,其厚主与切割宽度45相同,其长度等于坯件40的长度。在装配时,驱动校正缸66将校正板68压于坯件40的侧边。该校正板68使板片相互对剂从而校正好坯件40。在图示实施例中,在坯件前部设有一对校正缸66a以便在喷胶器60将板片推得过于靠前时校正其前侧。虽然图中未示出,需要在坯件40后部设置第二套校正缸66a以校正共后侧。位于最上边的芯41上的最后一个纤维板片18不必在喷胶器60中涂粘合剂。坯件40的宽度为43英寸左右,其厚度为120英寸。实际上,要设定该坯件的长度以便生产适合长度的最终部件。坯件可制成标准长度以便广泛应用从而使生产效果达到最高。形成结构部件的最终板件可按木板件中所采用的方式再次锯开以形成部件或其它结构件。
本发明的替换材料与木材相比均匀性更好。木材一般含有木节,带有裂纹,会翘曲并会发生腐蚀。上述替换材料的浪费因素大大低于木材料。另外其废料完全可再生,而与比相反,木材废料一般是扔至拉圾推中的。
装配好的坯件40通过滚轮传送器64进入加压台70,该台70在坯件40穿过时对坯件施加压力。要根据相应粘合剂的硬化时间计算出传送的速度从而当坯件40位于加压台70端部时,纸板和纤维板片已完全粘好。粘合剂可以为浆糊、PVA冷硬化胶、糊精、或其它类似粘合剂。如上面所示,作为替换方式,可用气动加压器对坯件加压。
支架72接纳来自加压台70的坯件40,该支架可前后移动。坯件40借助支架穿过带状切头装置中的带锯74,该锯74将坯件按预定宽度45切割从而形成具有预定厚度的芯板43。上述支架和带锯切割装置是木板切割中常用的。该装置预定切割出预定宽度45段,在每个装置穿过坯件40后沿侧向换位。最好该带锯上的齿形状与用于木材的带锯齿不同的以保证整个坯件切口光滑,该坯件的密度和纤维定向是与木材不同的。
预先确定坯件每次穿过切头装置时的板件切割宽度,该宽度由结构部件10所需最终厚度决定。支架换位而确定的切割宽度要考虑盖板20和22的总厚度,该板20和22按顺序叠置于板件44上。因此借助切头装置74从坯件40上切下的段可形成下述的芯板件43,该芯板件43的厚度小于最终的带盖板的板件44的厚度。
之后旋转芯板件43使其穿过双侧喷胶器78,该喷胶器78在板片12的外侧面和芯纤维层16和18的侧边23涂上一层粘合剂。从叠垛81上取下一个实心纤维板片,将其置于已接纳有来自喷胶器28的一个芯板件43的传送器79上。这样该板片便构成盖板20。按类似方式将另一纤维板片置于芯板件43顶部,之后将其穿过加压器82从而将盖板20和22叠压在板件上。经过加压器82形成作为最终板的带盖板板件44,该板件可准备运往生产区,该区用来将该板件44切割以便将板件44分成单独的结构部件10。再次对该结构部件10进行加工,比如用以形成加强件或支架部件所需要的切割,形成凸榫、榫槽。上述加工将在下文中描述。
在最后一次切割板件44时,可采用切制层42。将板件44置于锯上,沿每个切制板片42按纵向对板件44切割从而形成结构部件10。当通过沿双壁波纹状纸板切制层42切割形成结构部件时要确定板件44的最终净宽度。尽管可按其它宽度切割板件44,但纸板片12、纤维板片18和20的最终次序是变化的。因此板件44的强度会降低。如果板件切割段是平直的,如底部或顶部支架横向件,则上述强度几乎不会降低。当用作柱时,板件44最好在切制层42上按预定宽度切割以保证该柱具有所需的抗压强度。
上述的作为替换件的结构部件的生产是连续的流水作业,其材料浪费和所用工作量达到最小。坯件粘合剂可为浆糊,当用于波纹状纸板时,该粘合剂可为PVA冷硬化胶、糊精或其它适合粘合剂。
在替换实施例(图中未示出)中,切头装置70为多带薄带锯。在该实施例中,可从坯件40同时切下多个芯板件43。
图4为波纹状纸板包装件100的剖开透视图,该包装件100包括下文要描述的加强件和支架部件,它们由结构部件10制成。包装件100本身最好采用一块波纹状纸板坯件形成。该坯件包括4个主板102、103、104和105,正如该领域普通技术人员所公知的,上述主板沿三条折线相互铰接。该4个主板102~105形成包装件100的4个壁。作为大家所常采用的,沿折线其中一个主板可铰接有厂商的连接件。该连接件可使坯件端部借助胶粘在一起并固定形成完整的包装件100。在图示实施例中,4个顶部折片106沿折线与主板102~105铰接。顶架108嵌入包装件100的顶部。底架110形成包装和其内所包装的制品的底部支承件。
板102~105带有竖向加强件112(板103和104上的加强件用虚线表示),该加强件112是从结构部件10上切割形成的。如图1所示,结构部件10具有方形外侧边和边部从而便于将加强件112连于板102~105上。角部和中间设置的加强件112按一般方式与波纹状外侧板体100相连。该常规连接方法包括比如用于连接木加强件的粘接、钉接或上述的组合方式。将加强件连于波纹状纸板上的机械为包装行业常用的装置。该波纹状纸板包括、设置和支承加强件以便使两者共同形成搬运和叠式运输时用的抗弯强度和抗扭强度。波纹状包装件设有包装件内制品用的防尘和防破坏挡板。该包装件一般外印有广告、部件数量和制品信息。
如图5所示,在加强件112顶部进行切削以形成凸榫,在其底部切削以形成斜面116。该凸榫114锁定于顶架108的部件119中的相应榫槽118中。凸榫和榫槽连接可防止顶架108与加强件脱开。此榫厚度最好为柱110厚度的左右。凸榫高度最好为加强件112厚度的~左右。其宽度最好等于加强件112的整个宽度。斜面116刚好嵌入结构部件10制成的横向部件中的切槽117中。下面参照图6c对与斜面116类似的斜面进行描述。
再参照图4,顶架108由结构部件切制成的多个部件装配形成。对端部24切削以便形成与该部件刚性连接的搭接缝。该搭接缝最好用粘合剂粘接起来。支架部件,比如119a包括接纳加强件112的凸榫114的榫槽118。图6a和6b为部年119a中切出的榫槽118的底部和侧视细部图。
最好借助标准的木加工榫槽开凿器开出该榫槽118以便接纳加强件112的矩形凸榫114。榫槽118的宽度最好比凸榫114的厚度大3/16英寸左右。这样在包装线上装配包装件100时很容易实现对合。榫槽128深度基本与凸榫114的高度相同。在优选实施例中,榫槽的长度比加强件112的宽度大~英寸左右。
图6b为加强件130的分解透视图,该加强件130在第一端带有斜面凸榫132,它具有一对台面133,该对台面133与坡面135相邻。在横向支架部件136中开有对合槽134以便接纳斜面凸榫端132。槽134是采用一般的木加工开榫槽器形成的,该开榫槽器带有呈该槽状的异型刀片。在优选实施例中,斜面的倾角137为24°左右。其高度为加强件130厚的左右。台面133宽度为加强件130厚度的左右。在优选实施例中,加强件130连于带有顶部折片的波纹状包装件的侧壁上,比如图4所示的那样。将顶部折片压下从而其紧密地盖于横向部件136构成的支架上面。这样就会使凸榫与榫槽紧密贴合。台面133将横向部件136上的顶部荷载传递到竖向加强件130上。
在本发明的一个实施例中,可采用中间夹有4个双壁波纹板片12的形成芯纤维层16和18的3个实心纤维板片来制作加强件。可采用2个实心纤维板片形成盖板20和22。该实心纤维板片为90点纤维。宽度为2英寸,厚度为1.5英寸,长度为30英寸的加强件可支承1500磅的压力。凸榫114的厚度为0.5英寸,其高度为1~1.5英寸。形成上述尺寸的加强件以便将其连于波纹状纸板包装件内表面,同时将该包装件压扁以运送给客户。在本行业称这种压扁运输为压例。将包装件在压倒状态送给最终客户以节省空间和运输费用。
本发明的结构部件10可形成图7a~c所示的整体U形结构支架140。该支架140可有利于在运输包装件中采用加强柱或杆,该包装件的侧壁上设有预先固定加强件。参见图7a,结构部件10中开有二个间隔开的槽142以便形成作为整体件的顶部支架144和二个竖向柱146。最终客户可在槽142处将结构部件10折起以形成图76所示的U支架140。U形支架140置于包装件(局部示出)中。柱146与包装件143的侧壁145固定或按一般方式粘接。在长条形包装件中间设有一个或多个U形支架140以便在包装件端部之间形成竖向和顶部荷载的支承。将盖板或折片147与顶部支架144接触以便盖住包装件。
图7c为支架140的侧视图。最好槽142的长度为结构部件10厚度的1.5倍。槽142带有座148,该座148具有侧面152和底面150。座150的宽度和高度最好为结构部件10厚度的。斜面156紧靠座148。斜面倾角最好为45°以便将柱146和顶部支架相互折成90°角。在结构部件10中用槽142镜像形成第二槽142a以便形成U形支架140。方形底面150和侧面152为平直面,该面可将顶部荷载传递到竖向柱146上并可防止侧部竖向柱向外倾倒。
图8a~c表示带有作为槽142的替换实施例160的U形支架140。该槽160将顶部支架144与角部竖向柱146以抵抗内部和外部侧向压力。因为具有图8c所示的一对支承槽162和164,故槽60必须借助多切头凸榫开凿器形成。该支承槽162的夹角165最好为20°。该支承槽162形成齿部166,该齿部166嵌入支承槽164中以便柱146与顶部支架144锁定。支承槽162和164共同将顶部支架144上的荷载传递给竖向柱146。
在图7和8所示的二个槽142和160中,实心纤维层16的最外侧板片未被切割,但形成铰从而将柱与顶部支架相连。图7和8所示的U形支架140可折叠,其表面光滑,它不会受到潮湿、锯末、昆虫和腐蚀性酸的侵害。本发明的U形支架140可压扁并打捆运输。由于绑扎在一起,该U形支架140只占仓库空间中较小的部分。这样就可节省运费及仓库贮存费用。支架140完全可按与波纹状纸板相同的方式并在与其相同的地点进行再生。结构部件10最好由占很高百分比的再生纤维形成,因此在再生系统可形成密合圈。
图9为图1所示结构部件的替换实施例的端视图。在该实施例中,腹板170由一对实心纤维板片形成,该腹板170位于一对波纹状纸板片12之间并处于芯的中间。在本实施例中,盖板20和22分别仅由一个纤维板片形成;芯纤维层16和18带有二个板片。
图10为图1所示的结构部件10的替换实施例的端视图。在本实施例中,在结构部件10中的层16和18之间对称设有一对腹板172和174。在该实施例中,结构部件10具有3组波纹状纸板片,而每组又包括2个波纹状纸板片12。芯纤维层16和18具有3个纤维板片;侧盖板具有二个板片。
图11为图1所示的结构部件10的替换实施例的端侧透视图。在本实施例中,波纹状纸板片12设有与结构部件10纵轴线170相垂直的波纹片。
因此本发明提供了一种替代型结构部件10,其重量较小,但具有足够的顶部荷载的抗压强度从而可用作用来包装笨重制品的波纹状纸板包装件中的加强件。该结构部件10容易借助本行业常用的木切割设备制作和加工从而可形成支架部件和连接件,它们具有足够的刚度以便可进行搬运、叠置和运输。
如上所示,本发明的结构部件可用作板件、加强件或板。图12为采用本发明的板件装配成的平板架200。该平板架200包括一对间隔开的基板202,它形成平板架的底座。至少有2个纵桁件204与基板相连。在图示实施例中设有3个间隔开的纵桁件204,它们与基板202相垂直。纵桁件204的远端206与基板202的顶面208相连。至少有2个面板210与纵桁件204相连。在图示实施例中设有4个面板210,它们与纵桁件204相垂直并与纵桁件顶面212相连(图中的一个面板202a用虚线表示以便示出纵桁件204的细部结构,该结构在下文作描述)。面板210与基板202间隔开并保持平行。在替换实施例中(图中未示出),可根据平板架上支承的荷载大小而添加基板、纵桁件和面板。
在图示实施例中,纵桁件204包括第一槽部214,它位于顶面216中以便接纳面板210。对于每面板210均设有第一槽部214。面板210搭接该第一槽部214上。面板210和纵桁件204的每个搭接部形成接缝218。接缝218处的搭接部借助粘合剂固定在一起。
纵桁件204还包括第二槽部220,它位于底面222上。每个基板202均配有第二槽部220。基板202搭接于纵桁件第二槽部220中。该搭接部在基板202和纵桁件之间形成接缝224。该接缝224借助粘合剂刚性固定。
在图示实施例中,纵桁件204还包括一对间隔开的槽226。该槽226最好与穿过平板架200的中心轴间隔开。该槽226形成提升式叉车的坯板的入口以便抓取和携带平板架200上的荷载。
图13为图12所示平板架200的替换实施例的角部230。在本实施例中,纵桁件204不包括接纳面板的第一槽214。面板210位于纵桁件204的顶面216。纵桁件204芯包括上面所述的波纹状纸板片12。该芯的密度低于实心纤维的芯纤维层16和18的密度。在搬运平板架232期间,可将穿过面板210而钉入纵桁件204中的钉子和钉书钉取下。最好在面板210和纵桁件204中的接触盖板20和22上涂胶或粘合剂以便使结构部件基本具有粘接强度。
然而上述接触面积较小。为了降低断开的可能性,本实施例包括搭接折片234,该片可折靠于纵桁件204的侧面上。折片234为从面板210相应端236伸出的盖板20或22中的一个的延伸部。该折片234在端236折叠压靠于纵桁件204侧面上。胶或粘合剂将折片234和纵桁件234的相邻面粘接在一起。当粘合剂硬化时钉入穿过折片234的钉书钉以便将折片固定就位。另外,该折片234带有较大的区域以便接纳粘合剂。通过钉书钉238将面板210与芯刚性相连,通过粘合剂将面板210与盖板相连。上述折片234的特征可用于图12所示的平板架中。在替换实施例中,在装配好平板架后可将实心纤维板制L形件粘于面板210和纵桁件204的端面和侧面。
图14为本发明的交叉波纹坯件250。结构部件10,如上述的板件44最好由坯件250形成,该坯件250具有交叉波纹板芯252。该交叉波纹板芯252包括交替叠置的波纹状纸板片层254和256,上述板片上的波纹体与相邻板片上的相垂直。在图示实施例中,双壁波纹状纸板片258相互粘接,两个板片上的波纹体在该层之间相互错开。按参照图3在前面所描述的宽度切割件250以形成芯板。之后在该芯板上设置盖板,如图15所示,该图15为由坯件250切制而成的梁的透视图。最好用该梁制成顶部支架,如图4所示的顶部支架108。交叉波纹芯具有沿竖向的抗压强度从而可承受叠置荷载。交叉波纹梁还可抵抗顶部支架108承受顶部荷载时的弯曲变形,上述荷载具体可为置于图4所示包装件106顶部中间的较小的但较重的包装件而引起的。
图16为优选的坯件270透视图,该坯件270由相互粘接的双壁波纹状纸板片272层形成。该实施例并不包括图2所示的纤维板片16,该坯件成本较低从而可代替板件制结构部件。图17为板件274的透视图,它由坯件270切制而成并盖有上面所描述的盖板20和22。该板件最好用于平板架(参见图12)中的面板以及图4中所示的横向部件119。
图16所示的优选实施例是将22个双壁波纹状板片层粘接在一起以形成坯件270,该坯件的高度为5.94英寸左右。按一定宽度切割该坯件270以形成厚度为0.82英寸的芯板。如图17所示,在该芯板的二个外露曲面侧边设置实心纤维盖板20和22。板件274的最终尺寸为:其厚度为1英寸左右,其宽度为6英寸,波纹状板片的长度一般为96英寸。将所形成的板件274切割成段以用于特定场合(即,顶部支架、平板架及类似场合)。如上所示,本所形成的板件和加强件可采用普通的木切割装置进行机加工。
图18为平板架280的分解透视图,该平板架由平面基板282和平面面板286构成,上述板282和板286由纵向块284隔开。该基板282和面板286为平面板片,该板片由波纹状纸板件43和纤维板盖板20和22形成。该板件43相互叠置并盖有纤维板片。纤维板盖板20和22借助粘合剂与板件43粘接。纵向块284由上述的带盖板的板件44切制而成。每个纵向块284的顶面和底面289设有粘合剂以便与基板282和面板286相连。确定纵向块284的厚度290以便在基板282和面板之间形成间隙从而接纳提升式叉车的坯板。
图19为坯件40的替换实施例的局部,该实施例坯件标号为300。坯件300采用间隔件32以代替上面所述的切制层42,这样便可将芯41隔开。在图示实施例中,芯41包括叠置的双壁波纹状纸板片304。该芯41还包括纤维板16和18。间隔件302包括波纹状纸板条。间隔件302按一定间距置于芯41的纤维板片18上。上述间距使相邻间隔件302之间及相邻芯41之间形成间隙306。在图示实施例中,间隔件302a由木材制成以便实现下面要描述的目的。
参照图3,坯件300可通过将纤维板片置于滚轮传送器64上而形成。普通型双侧喷胶器将粘合剂。涂在波纹状纸板片304之一的两面。板片304置于纤维板片16上。在前一波纹状纸板层的涂有粘合剂的面上放置另一波纹状纸板片。让另一波纹状纸板片穿过双侧喷胶器,之后按顺序置于坯件上。使用双侧喷胶器可降低制作平板架的工作量。继续上述操作直至形成芯41。将纤维板片置于形成芯纤维层18的最后一个涂有粘合剂的波纹状纸板片304a上。将间隔件304置于芯纤维层18上。将用于形成另一芯41的纤维板层16置于坯件300上,继续上述操作直至完成组装。
之后对该坯件300加压以便纸板片叠压在一起。间隔件302被压紧,在叠压之后因为位于相邻芯41之间的切制层间隔件再次膨胀。所形成的切制层包括位于芯41之间的相对较大的空间。该间隙可降低坯件300的材料成本。在切制层中可采用少量的波纹状纸板片,并且可减少粘合剂的用量便可将切制层固定于坯件中。另外,可降低带锯的磨损。
让坯件300穿过带状切头装置74以便切制芯板件43,如上面所述。在优选实施例中,沿波纹体横向切割该坯件300以形成特别适用于面板和板条的板件或梁。对于柱,可沿波纹方向切割坯件。
在替换实施例中,最好通过将间隔件302粘接于纤维板片16和18的方式预制形成切制层。上述的夹心结构切制层可通过将其置于一个芯41中的最后一个双壁且涂有粘合剂的波纹纸板片304上的方式而很容易地设于坯件上。之后开始制作下一个芯41,即将一个波纹状纸板片304的二面涂上粘合剂,之后将其置于纤维板片18上。
在图示实施例中,侧边间隔件302a为木质的。在叠压期间,波纹状纸板间隔件302会压碎,而木质间隔件302a则不会压碎。纤维板层16和18以及波纹状纸板片304与木质间隔件302a的内侧边斜交。在通过切制层切割或切削坯件之前可将该木质间隔件302a取下。取下木质间隔件302a会在坯件中形成孔从而可插入带锯片。相邻芯中的纤维板层16和18对带锯片起导向作用。
在上述说明书中对本发明的原理、优选实施例以及操作方式进行了描述。但是本发明不应限于上面所描述的特定形式,因为该形式只是说明性的,而不是限制性的。另外该领域普通技术人员在不离开下面的权利要求所确定的本发明实质的情况下可作各种变换和改进。
Claims (19)
1.一种制作包装件的部件的结构部件,该部件包括顶架、平板架和加强件,它通过机加工和用粘合剂粘接可与另一结构部件形成刚性连接,该结构部件包括:
低密度材料芯,它具有在机加工成诸如凸榫或榫槽接缝后提供一内部结构,该结构用来与另一结构部件相连;
连于芯的外边的高密度材料外部盖板,它使结构部件具有抗压强度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的部件,其特征在于上述芯包括波纹状纸板层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的部件,其特征在于上述波纹状纸板中的叠置波纹体沿波纹方向相互错开。
4.根据权利要求1所述的部件,其特征在于盖板包括实心纤维板。
5.一种结构部件,它包括:
借助粘合剂粘接在一起的多个长条波纹状纸板片;
顶部和底部盖板,每个盖板包括至少一个纤维板片,该板与相应的外侧纸板片粘接叠置在一起;
一对实心纤维板片侧盖板,它与相应的纸板片的侧面及顶部和底部盖板的相应侧边粘接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的部件,其特征在于它还包括至少一个腹板,该板位于二个相邻的波纹状纸板片之间并对称地位于顶部和底部盖板之间。
7.根据权利要求5所述的部件,其特征在于它还包括一对间隔开的槽,每个槽包括V形切口,其两个面相对底部盖板倾斜45°,该槽用来形成横向支架和二个柱,该结构部件可在槽中折叠从而形成可插入包装件中的V形支架。
8.根据权利要求7所述的部件,其特征在于上述槽还包括靠近V形切口的座和底部从而可形成支承面以便将横向支架上的荷载传递给柱。
9.根据权利要求7所述的部件,其特征在于它还包括一对支承槽,它们分别设于V形切口的每一侧,其中一个支承槽形成有齿,当结构部件在槽上折叠时该齿嵌入另一支承槽中。
10.根据权利要求5所述的部件,其特征在于波纹状纸板片中的叠置波纹沿波纹方向相互错开。
11.一种平板架,它包括:
至少二个间隔开的基板;
至少二个间隔开的纵桁件,它与基板相垂直,每个纵桁件的端部搭接于基板上;
至少二个间隔开的面板,它与纵桁件相垂直,其搭接部连于纵桁件的顶面,上述基板、纵桁件和面板在搭接部借助粘合剂粘接在一起;
每个基板、纵桁件和面板分别包括:
多个长条波纹状纸板片,该多个板片借助粘合剂粘接叠置在一起;
一对盖板,每个盖板由至少一个纤维板片构成,它粘于上述纸板片叠垛的相应侧边。
12.根据权利要求11所述的平板架,其特征在于纵桁件包括用于每个面板的第一搭接部,该搭接部在纵桁件顶面形成槽以便接纳一个面板的相应端部。
13.根据权利要求12所述的平板架,其特征在于纵桁件包括用于每个基板的第二搭接部,该塔接部在纵桁件底面形成槽以便接纳一个基板的相应端部。
14.根据权利要求11所述的平板架,其特征在于每个纵桁件在其底面形成有一对槽以便接纳插入平板架中的提升式叉车的托板,该槽相对平板架横向轴线等间距设置。
15.根据权利要求11所述的平板架,其特征在于面板中的一个盖板包括延伸部,它从面板的相应远端沿纵向伸出,该延伸部垂直折起压靠于纵桁件的相应外表面上,并且借助粘合剂将其固定于该外表面上,该延伸部搭靠在面板和纵桁件之间的接缝上。
16.一种结构部件的制作方法,其步骤包括:
形成至少二个芯层,每个芯层包括多个波纹状纸板片,该多个板片粘于顶部和底部纤维板片盖板之间,
在相邻的芯层之间粘接形成波纹状纸板片切制层以便形成带有至少二个芯层的坯件,
按预定宽度切割该坯件以形成多个长条形芯板件。
在芯板件的侧边叠置一对纤维板片侧盖板以形成带盖板板件,
沿切制层切割带盖板板件以便形成至少二个结构部件。
17.一种结构部件的制作方法,其步骤包括:
将粘合剂涂于波纹状纸板的顶面,该纸板带有波纹体,该波纹体由位于平直纸板片之间的波纹片形成,
将多个波纹状纸板片叠置在一起;
用粘合剂将相邻的波纹状纸板片粘接在一起以形成坯件,
按预定宽度切割该坯件以形成芯板条,
将一对盖板叠置于芯板的侧边从而将叠置的波纹状纸板片的外露波纹件盖住,进而形成用作结构部件的带盖板板件。
18.根据权利要求1 7所述的方法,其特征在于它还包括下述步骤,即当叠波纹状纸板片时按交替的方向设置波纹片。
19.一种由波纹状纸板片和实心纤维板片形成的坯件,它包括:
至少二个芯,它由切制玻纹状纸板片隔开;
每个芯包括:
顶部和底部件纤维板片盖板,该顶部和底部盖板中间夹有多个波纹状纸板片,并且上述盖板与该多个纸板片粘接在一起。
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- 1994-05-24 JP JP7500905A patent/JPH09503724A/ja active Pending
- 1994-05-24 CA CA002163562A patent/CA2163562A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN106614421A (zh) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-10 | 周元铎 | 纸质方格簇制备方法 |
CN106614422A (zh) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-10 | 周元铎 | 结茧用方格簇 |
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CN107031955A (zh) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-08-11 | 温州职业技术学院 | 一种改进的包装盒结构 |
CN107031955B (zh) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-03-29 | 温州职业技术学院 | 一种改进的包装盒结构 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU7044494A (en) | 1994-12-20 |
EP0703857A1 (en) | 1996-04-03 |
US5685234A (en) | 1997-11-11 |
CA2163562A1 (en) | 1994-12-08 |
AU692160B2 (en) | 1998-06-04 |
US5681641A (en) | 1997-10-28 |
CN1068544C (zh) | 2001-07-18 |
WO1994027815A1 (en) | 1994-12-08 |
US5667620A (en) | 1997-09-16 |
NZ267814A (en) | 1997-10-24 |
JPH09503724A (ja) | 1997-04-15 |
EP0703857A4 (en) | 1997-11-19 |
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