CN112427025B - 一种废气废水处理剂的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种废气废水处理剂的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112427025B CN112427025B CN202011118075.1A CN202011118075A CN112427025B CN 112427025 B CN112427025 B CN 112427025B CN 202011118075 A CN202011118075 A CN 202011118075A CN 112427025 B CN112427025 B CN 112427025B
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Abstract
本发明公开一种废气废水处理剂的制备方法,包括准备钒酸铟颗粒、钴酸镧颗粒与柠檬酸的混合物,向混合物中加入蒸馏水得到混合溶液一;加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与碳基载体粉末,调节PH值,得到混合溶液二;加入氢氧化锌颗粒与氢氧化铁颗粒后再加入EDTA得到混合溶液三;将混合溶液三依次进行第一次干燥、离心、第二次干燥、洗涤、第三次干燥、研磨后得到产物废气废水处理剂,本发明的处理剂既能处理废水又能处理废气,在工业生生产中处理废气和废水时,不需要再将废气与废水进行分类,减少了环保工作人员的工作量,简化了处理工艺,且能重复利用,工作效率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境污染物处理技术领域,具体涉及一种废气废水处理剂的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
随着工业生产的日益增长,当今对环境污染重视越来越高,空气及水环境污染更是关系到国计民生。国家对大气及水污染的防治措施也越来越重视。传统的处理工艺成本高、工艺复杂,还伴有二次污染的可能。
废水中除了含有影响人类健康的重金属之外,随着工业的发展废水中的四环素与COD等高毒性污染物也对人类的健康和生存环境产生诸多不利影响,废气中的苯、甲苯等有害化合物对人类生活造成严重影响。高级氧化技术理论上可以彻底去除高毒性污染物,但是由于这些方法反应过程比较复杂、经济性不高,因此,应用并不广泛;吸附法和混凝法仍然是污水和大气处理领域的主流方法,在现有的工业企业废水处理等工艺过程中,同一工艺链上往往伴随着废水与废气的同时产生,目前针对产生的废气和废水的处理采用分类分别处理,这样一方面会使环保工作人员的工作量加大,处理率低,另一方面,处理大气污染物和废水的处理需要采购不同的药剂,储备不同的药剂,因此会增大企业的生产成本。目前市场上现有的处理而既能高效、经济去除大气中污染物、同时又能对废水中污染物进行捕捉,又能将之去除、且回收率高、可重复性强的多用途材料,则未见报道。
发明内容
针对现有制备技术的缺陷和不足,本发明的目的是提供了一种废气、废水处理剂的制备方法,解决了现有技术中的处理剂不能同时处理废水与废气的问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案予以实现:
一种废气废水处理剂的制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一,准备钒酸铟颗粒、钴酸镧颗粒与柠檬酸的混合物,向混合物中加入蒸馏水得到混合液一;
步骤二,向混合液一种加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与碳基载体粉末后,调节pH值,得到混合液二;
步骤三,向混合液二中加入氢氧化锌颗粒与氢氧化铁颗粒后再加入EDTA得到混合液三;
步骤四,将混合液三依次进行第一次干燥、离心、第二次干燥、洗涤、第三次干燥、研磨后得到产物废气废水处理剂。
所述步骤一中,钒酸铟、钴酸镧与柠檬酸的质量比为1:1:0.05~0.1,混合液一的浓度为10%。
所述步骤二中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的浓度为1.0wt%~1.5wt%,碳基载体与钒酸铟的质量比为10~15:1。
所述步骤二中,调节pH值采用浓度为2mol/L~2.5mol/L的氢氧化钠,PH值为9~10。
所述步骤三中,氢氧化锌、氢氧化铁与EDTA的质量比为:1:1:0.25。
所述步骤四中,混合溶液三在第一次干燥时,干燥升温速率为5℃/min,干燥温度120℃~125℃,干燥时间20h~24h。
所述步骤四中,离心的条件是5000r/min,离心时间5min,第二次干燥为真空干燥,温度为70℃~75℃,干燥时间10h。
所述步骤四中,洗涤时分别以蒸馏水、无水乙醇各洗涤1次,第三次干燥为真空干燥,干燥温度为90℃,干燥时间为10h~12h。
所述碳基载体的材料为活性炭或由麦子秸秆、城市污水处理厂脱水剩余污泥和城市自来水厂混凝沉淀后脱水铝污泥经过处理后得到的含有活性炭的产物。
采用一种废气废水处理剂的制备方法制得的处理剂在大气和污水中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(Ⅰ)本发明的废气废水处理剂能同时对废气与废水进行处理,不需要对废气与废水进行分类处理,处理工艺简洁,工作效率高,废水处理时,经过光催化反应后废水中的废水中的含氧四环素与COD的去除率达到95%,同时处理剂中含有的铁和钴等磁性材料,在对污水进行有效的清理后,通过在处理后的污水中添加磁场能够将处理剂进行回收,提高了处理剂的重复使用率,经回收利用的处理剂对废水中的含氧四环素与COD的去除率达到90%;对于废水中的重金属,根据活性炭的吸附作用与Zn盐、Fe盐与Al盐的复合混合特点,实现重金属离子去除率达到90%以上;对废气进行处理时,通过碳基、钒酸铟与钴酸镧能够对空气中的有害物质进行吸附,经测得,处理剂对VOC、苯及甲苯的去除率达到90%,经可见光处理照射光催解后回收利用的处理剂的对VOC、苯及甲苯的去除率仍达到90%。
(Ⅱ)本发明的制备方法合成条件易于掌握并且主要制备原料为工业废弃物等,实现了废物的循环利用,具有环境友好的特点,通过将废气与废水进行一次处理,不需要对废气与废水进行分类,大大的减少了环保工作人员的工作量,提高了企业的工作效率。
(Ⅲ)本发明的应用,对比其他废气废水的处理技术,能够将处理剂进行回收重复利用,分别采用吸附与絮凝的方式,对空气与污水没有破坏性与二次污染,可大面积应用。
(Ⅳ)本发明的制备方法,碳基载体的制备组成材料由麦子秸秆、城市污水处理厂脱水剩余污泥和城市自来水厂混凝沉淀后脱水铝污泥等,具有废物利用资源化的优点。
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体内容作进一步详细解释说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明的处理剂XRD表征图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行说明,但本发明不限于以下的实施例,对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
在本发明的以下实施例中所用原料:钒酸铟,市售;钴酸镧,市售;柠檬酸,市售;氢氧化钠溶液,市售;PVP,市售;氢氧化锌,市售;EDTA,市售。
COD是指化学需氧量,以化学方法测量水样中需要被氧化的还原性物质的量,受污染的水中,能被强氧化剂氧化的物质(一般为有机物)的氧当量;在河流污染和工业废水性质的研究以及废水处理厂的运行管理中,它是一个重要的而且能较快测定的有机物污染参数,常以符号COD表示;
四环素类抗生素是由链霉菌产生的一类广谱抗生素,是一种革兰氏阳性细菌都敏感的抗生素,一般通过与核蛋白体的30S亚单位结合,阻止氨酰基tRNA同核蛋白体结合产生药理作用,起到抑菌、杀菌的作用广泛应用在水产养殖业,四环素不能完全被动物吸收最终以残留物排放在水中,对人类的健康和生存环境产生不利的影响;
EDTA为乙二胺四乙酸,化学式为C10H16N2O8,常温常压下为白色粉末,是一种能与Mg2+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Fe2+等二价金属离子结合的螯合剂;
VOC是指挥发性有机化合物;
PVP是指聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,具有优异的溶解性能及生理相容性。
实施例1
本实施例给出一种废气废水处理剂的制备方法,称取1g钒酸铟与1g钴酸镧,0.1g柠檬酸于烧杯中,向烧杯中加入100mL蒸馏水充分搅拌,再向烧杯中加入1.5wt%的PVP5mL与15g的碳基载体,放入烧杯进行水浴加热并用搅拌器搅拌1h,使烧杯中的溶液受热均匀,水浴加热的温度为100℃,PVP起到分散剂的作用,使烧杯中的各种物质分散后均匀混合,随后向烧杯中边搅拌边缓慢加入2.5mol/L的NaOH溶液调节溶液pH=10冷却至室温。
其中,钒酸铟与钴酸镧均为光催化剂,它一方面能在光照射下产生强氧化性的物质用于分解有机化合物、部分无机化合物、细菌及病毒等,另一方面,日常生活中,光催化剂能有效地降解空气中有毒有害气体如甲醛,苯等,高效净化空气,本实施例中用于在光照条件下氧化废水中的COD与四环素以及降解空气中的有害物质;如苯、甲苯等,柠檬酸的作用是用作络合剂,配制缓冲溶液,可以迅速沉淀金属离子,碳基载体用于吸附净化空气。
接着向烧杯中加入0.5g氢氧化锌0.5g氢氧化铁搅拌,再加入0.125gEDTA,EDTA作为螯合剂用于络合金属锌离子与金属铁离子,将烧杯中的溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内胆,置于不锈钢反应釜内密闭后置于电热恒温干燥箱中,以5℃/min的升温速率,在125℃下干燥24h,将得到的产物在离心机上以5000r/min的条件离心5min。将离心后的产物置于真空干燥箱内,在75℃条件下干燥10h。
干燥后的固体分别以蒸馏水、无水乙醇各洗涤1次,目的是为了洗涤杂质以及便于快速干燥,继续置于真空干燥箱内,在90℃条件下干燥12h,将干燥后的产物经研磨得到处理剂,为黑色粉末。
其中,为了实现废物的循环利用,响应国家环境友好发展特点,本实施例的碳基载体采用由麦子秸秆、城市污水处理厂脱水剩余污泥和城市自来水厂混凝沉淀后脱水铝污泥经过处理后得到的含有活性炭与Al盐的产物,获取过程如下:
称取10克的麦子秸秆、10克城市污水处理厂脱水剩余污泥(含水率75-85%)和10克城市自来水厂混凝沉淀后脱水铝污泥(含水率75-85%)放入发酵罐中,将麦子秸秆剪碎成1mm长度,在室温25℃下,进行好氧堆肥发酵7天,其中每天搅拌一次,每次搅拌10min,之后通过烘干炉在115℃的条件将混合物烘干,烘干时间为24h,并将烘干后的固体破碎成1mm以下的固体颗粒;加入浓度为50%氯化钠溶液100ml完全浸没固体颗粒,并于室温25℃条件下浸泡24h,后在烘干炉中在115℃的条件下烘干24h;将烘干后的混合颗粒放入OTL1200对开式管式真空炉中,在500Pa真空度、升温速率为10℃/min,热解终温为700℃,时间为120min条件下进行真空热解;热解产物依次采用稀盐酸洗涤1次、去离子水洗涤2次,烘干后得到产物碳基载体,其中,碳基载体的作用是通过城市废弃物中获取吸附性活性炭,实现废物的循环利用,具有环境友好的特点。
取1g处理剂加入含氧四环素浓度为10mg/L、COD浓度为200mg/L的废水1L中,经过紫外灯(300W)光催化反应30min后,测得出水中的含氧四环素的去除率为96%,COD的去除率为92%,向处理后的废水中放入磁铁,磁铁将处理剂粉末收集,在70℃的条件下干燥3h后重复使用5次,均测得出水中的含氧四环素与COD的去除率为91%。
实验室模拟某化工企业在生产过程中产生的浓度分别为100mg/m3的苯与300mg/m3的甲苯混合气体,取20g处理剂均匀的放入到1L混合气体管道末端,经测定吸附后管道气体中苯及甲苯的浓度为9mg/m3和25mg/m3,苯与甲苯的去除率均达到90%以上。
将吸附饱和后的处理剂,均匀放入光反应仪中,通入湿空气,以可见光波长照射反应8h,可降解吸附后的苯及甲苯,达到处理剂重复利用的目的,取降解后的处理剂20g均匀的放入到1L混合气体管道末端,经测定吸附后管道气体中苯及甲苯的浓度为9mg/m3和27mg/m3,苯与甲苯的去除率仍然能达到90%以上。
取1g处理剂加入1L含重金属离子废水中,其中废水中的镉离子浓度为10mg/L、铅离子浓度为10mg/L,经充分混合,搅拌30分钟后,测得出水中的含镉离子的去除率为98.0%,铅离子的去除率为99.1%。
实施例2
本实施例给出一种废气废水处理剂的制备方法,称取1g钒酸铟与1g钴酸镧,0.075g柠檬酸于烧杯中,向烧杯中加入100mL蒸馏水充分搅拌,再向烧杯中加入1.25wt%的PVP5mL与12.5g的碳基载体,放入烧杯进行水浴加热并用搅拌器搅拌1h,使烧杯中的溶液受热均匀,水浴加热的温度为100℃,PVP起到分散剂的作用,使烧杯中的各种物质分散后均匀混合,随后向烧杯中边搅拌边缓慢加入2.25mol/L的NaOH溶液调节溶液pH=9.5冷却至室温。
其中,钒酸铟与钴酸镧均为光催化剂,它一方面能在光照射下产生强氧化性的物质用于分解有机化合物、部分无机化合物、细菌及病毒等,另一方面,日常生活中,光催化剂能有效地降解空气中有毒有害气体如甲醛,苯等,高效净化空气,本实施例中用于在光照条件下氧化废水中的COD与四环素以及降解空气中的有害物质;如苯、甲苯等,柠檬酸的作用是用作络合剂,配制缓冲溶液,可以迅速沉淀金属离子,碳基载体用于吸附净化空气。
接着向烧杯中加入0.375g氢氧化锌0.375g氢氧化铁搅拌,再加入0.0938gEDTA,EDTA作为螯合剂用于络合金属锌离子与金属铁离子,将烧杯中的溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内胆,置于不锈钢反应釜内密闭后置于电热恒温干燥箱中,以5℃/min的升温速率,在123℃下干燥22h,将得到的产物在离心机上以5000r/min的条件离心5min。将离心后的产物置于真空干燥箱内,在73℃条件下干燥10h。
干燥后的固体分别以蒸馏水、无水乙醇各洗涤1次,目的是为了洗涤杂质以及便于快速干燥,继续置于真空干燥箱内,在90℃条件下干燥11h,将干燥后的产物经研磨得到处理剂,为黑色粉末。
其中,为了实现废物的循环利用,响应国家环境友好发展特点,本实施例的碳基载体采用由麦子秸秆、城市污水处理厂脱水剩余污泥和城市自来水厂混凝沉淀后脱水铝污泥经过处理后得到的含有活性炭与Al盐的产物,获取过程如下:
称取10克的麦子秸秆、10克城市污水处理厂脱水剩余污泥(含水率75-85%)和10克城市自来水厂混凝沉淀后脱水铝污泥(含水率75-85%)放入发酵罐中,将麦子秸秆剪碎成1mm长度,在室温25℃下,进行好氧堆肥发酵7天,其中每天搅拌一次,每次搅拌10min,之后通过烘干炉在110℃的条件将混合物烘干,烘干时间为24h,并将烘干后的固体破碎成1mm以下的固体颗粒;加入浓度为40%氯化钠溶液100ml完全浸没固体颗粒,并于室温25℃条件下浸泡24h,后在烘干炉中在110℃的条件下烘干24h;将烘干后的混合颗粒放入OTL1200对开式管式真空炉中,在500Pa真空度、升温速率为10℃/min,热解终温为700℃,时间为120min条件下进行真空热解;热解产物依次采用稀盐酸洗涤1次、去离子水洗涤2次,烘干后得到产物碳基载体,其中,碳基载体是通过城市废弃物中获取吸附性活性炭,实现废物的循环利用,具有环境友好的特点。
取1g处理剂加入含氧四环素浓度为10mg/L、COD浓度为200mg/L的废水1L中,经过紫外灯(300W)光催化反应30min后,测得出水中的含氧四环素的去除率为95%,COD的去除率为92%,向处理后的废水中放入磁铁,磁铁将处理剂粉末收集,在70℃的条件下干燥3h后重复使用5次,均测得出水中的含氧四环素与COD的去除率为90%。
实验室模拟某化工企业在生产过程中产生的浓度分别为100mg/m3的苯与300mg/m3的甲苯混合气体,取20g处理剂均匀的放入到1L混合气体管道末端,经测定吸附后管道气体中苯及甲苯的浓度为9mg/m3和25mg/m3,苯与甲苯的去除率均达到90%以上。
将吸附饱和后的处理剂,均匀放入光反应仪中,通入湿空气,以可见光波长照射反应8h,可降解吸附后的苯及甲苯,达到处理剂重复利用的目的,取降解后的处理剂20g均匀的放入到1L混合气体管道末端,经测定吸附后管道气体中苯及甲苯的浓度为9mg/m3和27mg/m3,苯与甲苯的去除率仍然能达到90%以上。
取1g处理剂加入1L含重金属离子废水中,其中废水中的镉离子浓度为10mg/L、铅离子浓度为10mg/L,经充分混合,搅拌30分钟后,测得出水中的含镉离子的去除率为95.6%,铅离子的去除率为96.2%。
实施例3
本实施例给出一种废气废水处理剂的制备方法,称取1g钒酸铟、1g钴酸镧与0.05g柠檬酸于烧杯中,向烧杯中加入100mL蒸馏水充分搅拌,再向烧杯中加入1.0wt%的PVP5mL与10g的碳基载体,放入烧杯进行水浴加热并用搅拌器搅拌1h,使烧杯中的溶液受热均匀,水浴加热的温度为100℃,PVP起到分散剂的作用,使烧杯中的各种物质分散后均匀混合,随后向烧杯中边搅拌边缓慢加入2mol/L的NaOH溶液调节溶液pH=9冷却至室温。
其中,钒酸铟与钴酸镧均为光催化剂,它一方面能在光照射下产生强氧化性的物质用于分解有机化合物、部分无机化合物、细菌及病毒等,另一方面,日常生活中,光催化剂能有效地降解空气中有毒有害气体如甲醛,苯等,高效净化空气,本实施例中用于在光照条件下氧化废水中的COD与四环素以及降解空气中的有害物质;如苯、甲苯等;柠檬酸的作用是用作络合剂,配制缓冲溶液,可以迅速沉淀金属离子,碳基载体用于吸附净化空气。
接着向烧杯中加入0.25g氢氧化锌0.25g氢氧化铁搅拌,再加入0.0625gEDTA,EDTA作为螯合剂用于络合金属锌离子与金属铁离子,将烧杯中的溶液转移至聚四氟乙烯内胆,置于不锈钢反应釜内密闭后置于电热恒温干燥箱中,以5℃/min的升温速率,在120℃下干燥20h,将得到的产物在离心机上以5000r/min的条件离心5min。将离心后的产物置于真空干燥箱内,在70℃条件下干燥10h。
干燥后的固体分别以蒸馏水、无水乙醇各洗涤1次,目的是为了洗涤杂质以及便于快速干燥,继续置于真空干燥箱内,在90℃条件下干燥10h,将干燥后的产物经研磨得到处理剂,为黑色粉末。
其中,为了实现废物的循环利用,响应国家环境友好发展特点,本实施例的碳基载体采用由麦子秸秆、城市污水处理厂脱水剩余污泥和城市自来水厂混凝沉淀后脱水铝污泥经过处理后得到的含有活性炭与Al盐的产物,获取过程如下:
称取10克的麦子秸秆、10克城市污水处理厂脱水剩余污泥(含水率75-85%)和10克城市自来水厂混凝沉淀后脱水铝污泥(含水率75-85%)放入发酵罐中,将麦子秸秆剪碎成1mm长度,在室温25℃下,进行好氧堆肥发酵7天,其中每天搅拌一次,每次搅拌10min,之后通过烘干炉在105℃的条件将混合物烘干,烘干时间为24h,并将烘干后的固体破碎成1mm以下的固体颗粒;加入浓度为30%氯化钠溶液100ml完全浸没固体颗粒,并于室温25℃条件下浸泡24h,后在烘干炉中在105℃的条件下烘干24h;将烘干后的混合颗粒放入OTL1200对开式管式真空炉中,在500Pa真空度、升温速率为10℃/min,热解终温为700℃,时间为120min条件下进行真空热解;热解产物依次采用稀盐酸洗涤1次、去离子水洗涤2次,烘干后得到产物碳基载体,其中,碳基载体的作用是通过城市废弃物中获取吸附性活性炭,实现废物的循环利用,具有环境友好的特点。
取1g处理剂加入含四环素浓度为10mg/L、COD浓度为200mg/L的废水1L中,经过紫外灯(300W)光催化反应30min后,测得出水中的含氧四环素的去除率为95%,COD的去除率为92%,向处理后的废水中放入磁铁,磁铁将处理剂粉末收集,在70℃的条件下干燥3h后重复使用5次,均测得出水中的含氧四环素与COD的去除率为90%。
实验室模拟某化工企业在生产过程中产生的浓度分别为100mg/m3的苯与300mg/m3的甲苯混合气体,取20g处理剂均匀的放入到1L混合气体管道末端,经测定吸附后管道气体中苯及甲苯的浓度为9mg/m3和25mg/m3,苯与甲苯的去除率均达到90%;将吸附饱和后的处理剂,均匀放入光反应仪中,通入湿空气,以可见光波长照射反应8h,可降解吸附后的苯及甲苯,达到处理剂重复利用的目的,取降解后的处理剂20g均匀的放入到1L混合气体管道末端,经测定吸附后管道气体中苯及甲苯的浓度为9mg/m3和27mg/m3,苯与甲苯的去除率仍然能达到90%。
取1g处理剂加入1L含重金属离子废水中,其中废水中的镉离子浓度为10mg/L、铅离子浓度为10mg/L,经充分混合,搅拌30分钟后,测得出水中的含镉离子的去除率为93.5%,铅离子的去除率为94.3%。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于,对比例1中,更换原料钒酸铟和钴酸镧为二氧化钛,其余条件均保持不变。
取1g对比例1制备的处理剂,加入含氧四环素浓度为10mg/L、COD浓度为200mg/L的废水1L中,经过紫外灯(300W)光催化反应30min后,测得出水中的含氧四环素的去除率为90%,COD的去除率为80%;
向处理后的废水中放入磁铁,磁铁将处理剂粉末收集,在70℃的条件下干燥3h后重复使用5次后,测得出水中的含氧四环素与COD的去除率分别为88%,78%。
实验室模拟某化工企业在生产过程中产生的浓度分别为100mg/m3的苯与300mg/m3的甲苯混合气体,取20g对比例1制备的处理剂均匀的放入到1L混合气体管道末端,经测定吸附后管道气体中苯及甲苯的浓度为15mg/m3和43mg/m3,苯与甲苯的去除率均为85%。
将吸附饱和后的处理剂,均匀放入光反应仪中,通入湿空气,以可见光波长照射反应8h,取反应后的处理剂20g均匀的放入到1L混合气体管道末端,经测定吸附后管道气体中苯及甲苯的浓度为50mg/m3和200mg/m3,苯与甲苯的去除率分别为50%和34%。
取1g处理剂加入1L含重金属离子废水中,其中废水中的镉离子浓度为10mg/L、铅离子浓度为10mg/L,经充分混合,搅拌30分钟后,测得出水中的含镉离子的去除率为93.0%,铅离子的去除率为93.1%。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于,对比例2中,钒酸铟、钴酸镧各取0.1g,其余条件均保持不变。
取1g对比例2制备的处理剂,加入含氧四环素浓度为10mg/L、COD浓度为200mg/L的废水1L中,经过紫外灯(300W)光催化反应30min后,测得出水中的含氧四环素的去除率为60%,COD的去除率为50%;
向处理后的废水中放入磁铁,磁铁将处理剂粉末收集,在70℃的条件下干燥3h后重复使用5次后,均测得出水中的含氧四环素与COD的去除率为55%,45%。
实验室模拟某化工企业在生产过程中产生的浓度分别为100mg/m3的苯与300mg/m3的甲苯混合气体,取20g对比例1制备的处理剂均匀的放入到1L混合气体管道末端,经测定吸附后管道气体中苯及甲苯的浓度为20mg/m3和60mg/m3,苯与甲苯的去除率均为80%。
将吸附饱和后的处理剂,均匀放入光反应仪中,通入湿空气,以可见光波长照射反应8h,以降解吸附后的苯及甲苯,达到处理剂重复利用的目的,取降解后的处理剂20g均匀的放入到1L混合气体管道末端,经测定吸附后管道气体中苯及甲苯的浓度为50mg/m3和150mg/m3,苯与甲苯的去除率为50%。
取1g处理剂加入1L含重金属离子废水中,其中废水中的镉离子浓度为10mg/L、铅离子浓度为10mg/L,经充分混合,搅拌30分钟后,测得出水中的含镉离子的去除率为93.3%,铅离子的去除率为94.0%。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例1的区别在于,对比例3中去除氢氧化锌,其余条件均不变。
取1g对比例3制备的处理剂,加入含氧四环素浓度为10mg/L、COD浓度为200mg/L的废水1L中,经过紫外灯(300W)光催化反应30min后,测得出水中的含氧四环素的去除率为96%,COD的去除率为80%;
向处理后的废水中放入磁铁,磁铁将处理剂粉末收集,在70℃的条件下干燥3h后重复使用5次,均测得出水中的含氧四环素与COD的去除率分别为90%和75%。
取1g处理剂加入1L含重金属离子废水中,其中废水中的镉离子浓度为10mg/L、铅离子浓度为10mg/L,经充分混合,搅拌30分钟后,测得出水中的含镉离子的去除率为93.1%,铅离子的去除率为93.6%。
Claims (9)
1.一种废气废水处理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一,准备钒酸铟颗粒、钴酸镧颗粒与柠檬酸的混合物,向混合物中加入蒸馏水得到混合液一;
步骤二,向混合液一中 加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与碳基载体粉末后,调节pH值,得到混合液二;
步骤三,向混合液二中加入氢氧化锌颗粒与氢氧化铁颗粒后再加入EDTA得到混合液三;
步骤四,将混合液三依次进行第一次干燥、离心、第二次干燥、洗涤、第三次干燥、研磨后得到产物废气废水处理剂;
所述步骤一中,钒酸铟、钴酸镧与柠檬酸的质量比为1:1:0.05~0.1,混合液一的质量浓度为2.01%,2.03%,2.06%。
2.如权利要求1所述的废气废水处理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的浓度为1.0wt%~1.5wt%,碳基载体与钒酸铟的质量比为10~15:1。
3.如权利要求1所述的废气废水处理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中,调节pH值采用浓度为2mol/L~2.5mol/L的氢氧化钠,PH值为9~10。
4.如权利要求1所述的废气废水处理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤三中,氢氧化锌、氢氧化铁与EDTA的质量比为:1:1:0.25。
5.如权利要求1所述的废气废水处理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤四中,混合溶液三在第一次干燥时,干燥升温速率为5℃/min,干燥温度120℃~125℃,干燥时间20h~24h。
6.如权利要求1所述的废气废水处理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤四中,离心的条件是5000r/min,离心时间5min,第二次干燥为真空干燥,温度为70℃~75℃,干燥时间10h。
7.如权利要求1所述的废气废水处理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤四中,洗涤时分别以蒸馏水、无水乙醇各洗涤1次,第三次干燥为真空干燥,干燥温度为90℃,干燥时间为10h~12h。
8.如权利要求1所述的废气废水处理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳基载体的材料为活性炭或由麦子秸秆、城市污水处理厂脱水剩余污泥和城市自来水厂混凝沉淀后脱水铝污泥经过处理后得到的含有活性炭与Al盐的产物。
9.采用权利要求1~8任意一项权利要求制得的废气废水处理剂在大气和污水中的应用。
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