CN112409026A - 一种新型滨海工程防污瓷板 - Google Patents
一种新型滨海工程防污瓷板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型滨海工程防污瓷板。所述防污瓷板由陶瓷基体和防污涂层组成,防污涂层由低熔点玻璃复合浆料烧结而成,低熔点玻璃复合浆料包括复合防污剂15~20%、低熔点玻璃粉40~45%、多孔材料10%~15%、增稠剂1~3%、分散剂1~3%、水性溶剂18~25%。低熔点玻璃粉中的功能性基团能与弱碱性的海水发生水解反应,可以使复合防污剂在涂层表面缓缓释放;同时在防污涂层中引入多孔材料,经烧结后在涂层表面及内部形成特殊的多孔结构,赋予该防污瓷板更优异的防污能力。本发明制备的防污瓷板,环境友好,多种防污剂混合添加,互相协同作用,有效防治多种海洋生物侵袭,有效杀菌寿命长,制备工艺简单,易于推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型滨海工程防污瓷板,属于复合瓷板制备领域。
背景技术
随着人类海洋活动的增加以及海洋经济产业的发展,海洋污损生物带来的危害和损失日渐突出,因此海洋污损防护材料和技术的研发受到各国政府的高度重视和支持,已成为一个世界性的课题。然而,
海洋中存在着许多的微生物、海洋植物和海生动物,其中具有污损性的海洋生物高达4000种。海洋环境的复杂性、污损生物的多样性以及防护对象的不同,导致现有的单一防护技术不具有普适性效果。一旦这些海洋污损物在电厂海水冷却系统水下设施的附着会造成冷却设施的腐蚀,产生安全隐患。因此,以海洋生物等污物为对象,以防污为目标的研究对滨海工程的环保经济开发利用有着重要的现实意义和工程应用价值。
目前,海水下静态设施的防污技术归纳起来可分为三种:(1)物理滤沥、清除法,(2)直接化学灭活法,(3)涂料涂覆防污法。其中,物理滤沥、清除法是通过设置滤网或砂石凸起层阻挡、隔离海洋污损生物侵入,同时定期使用机械设备来清除附着于设施/设备上的污损物。但滤网/层的使用会引起一些负面性的效果,譬如在滨海电厂冷却系统中,网孔的阻塞或砂石的堆积会引起水流通量降低,导致冷却效能的下降。实践证明这种方法的防污实效性并不理想,同时还增加了人力或机械清除成本。化学直接灭活法是直接向防护对象附近的海水中投入/释放具有强氧化性和毒理性的化学试剂(如,次氯酸盐、液氯或电解海水产生氯气等),虽然杀灭效果好,但不具长效性,需要定时多次补料,成本大且对环境和生态造成严重危害。与上述两种方法相比,聚合涂料涂覆法应用范围广,对动、静态设施/备均有较好的防污实效性。基于此,本发明将复合浆料涂覆在陶瓷等基片表面,再进行低温烧结处理,即可得到均匀、致密涂层的防污瓷板。最后,采用特殊工艺将具备防污功能的瓷板贴在需要防污的水下设施上,以达到防污目的。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种用于滨海工程海水下静态设施防污浆料,并将其复合到基板材料上,解决现有滨海工程海水下静态设施的防污实效不理想及成本高昂的问题。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种新型滨海工程防污瓷板,包括陶瓷基体和防污涂层;所述的防污涂层由低熔点玻璃复合浆料经500-700℃烧结形成;所述低熔点玻璃复合浆料按质量百分比包括复合防污剂15-20%、低熔点玻璃粉40-45%、多孔材料10%-15%、增稠剂1-3%、分散剂1-3%、水性溶剂18-25%。使用低熔点玻璃粉,实现了在低温下制备防污实效久的防污瓷板,且低熔点玻璃粉为ZnO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃体系,不含铅、锡元素,不会对海洋物质和海洋环境造成破坏,可做到绿色无污染,给海洋生物和人类的生命安全提供了保障。低熔点玻璃粉形成的溶蚀性薄膜中的功能性基团能与海水发生水解反应,在海水的冲刷下实现玻璃层不断溶蚀,内含的复合防污剂(Cu粉、Cu2O、TiO2的一种或两种以上的混合物)不断露出表面,可以使复合防污剂在涂层表面缓缓释放,同时在防污涂层中引入多孔材料,经烧结后在涂层表面及内部形成特殊的多孔结构,从而作为复合防污剂附着的载体,赋予了该防污瓷板更优异的防污能力。
进一步的,所述的防污涂层的厚度为0.5-1mm。与常规涂料薄薄一层,可能是连续、也可能是均匀分散的颗粒不同,本发明的防污涂层比较厚,以连续固体膜形式出现,完全覆盖基体材料,实现对海水下静态设施的防污、防护、防腐蚀3种性能,这是常规涂料难以实现的。
进一步的,所述的复合防污剂包括Cu粉、Cu2O、TiO2的一种或两种以上的混合物。多种防污剂混合添加,互相协同作用,有效防治多种海洋生物侵袭。
进一步的,所述复合防污剂Cu粉:Cu2O:TiO2的最佳质量比为1:3:2。最佳质量比经多次实验得出,不排除其他可替代的选择。
进一步的,所述的复合防污剂的粒径为50-200nm。粒径太大,比表面积就会过小,起不到吸附—SH、—COOH等基团的作用;粒径过小,价格高,不经济。复合防污剂中粒径在50-200nm时具有极大的比表面积,且表面还原电势高,可以吸附细菌体内酶蛋白分子中的—SH、—COOH等基团,并与之反应,阻碍蛋白质的合成和能量来源,破坏了细菌的细胞膜,致使细菌死亡,从而有效防止海洋生物附着、生长。同时,在同样的含量系,纳米颗粒防污剂更有利于在海水条件下保持较高的有效离子浓度。
进一步的,所述的低熔点玻璃粉为ZnO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃体系,优选含高钠、钾氧化物的ZnO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃体系作为本发明的低熔点玻璃粉,不仅不含铅、锡元素,不会对海洋物质和海洋环境造成破坏,可做到绿色无污染,且含高钠、钾氧化物的溶蚀性薄膜易于水解,在海水的冲刷下实现玻璃层不断溶蚀,内含的复合防污剂(Cu粉、Cu2O、TiO2的一种或两种以上的混合物)不断露出表面,并不断释放杀菌离子;所述的低熔点玻璃粉各组成成分的质量份数为:
ZnO:15-18份;
H3BO4:15-18份;
SiO2:30-40份;
Al2O3:10-12份;
K2CO3:10-15份;
Na2CO3:10-12份。
进一步的,所述多孔材料为硅藻土质材料、活性炭材料、中的一种或两种以上的混合物。利用多孔材料的特殊构造,经烧结后在涂层表面及内部形成多孔结构,从而作为复合防污剂附着的载体,赋予了该防污瓷板更优异的防污能力。
进一步的,所述的水性溶剂为乙醇、丙醇、异丁醇等的一种或两种以上的混合物。
进一步的,所述的增稠剂为海藻酸钠、羟乙基纤维素中的一种或两种混合,添加一定量的增稠剂主要是为了使浆液粘稠度适宜,以方便涂覆;分散剂为磷酸三丁酯、三油酸甘油酯中的一种或两种,添加一定量的分散剂主要是为了使能防止固体颗粒的沉降和凝聚,提高浆料的均匀性。
上述的一种新型滨海工程防污瓷板制备工艺,包括以下工艺步骤:
步骤1:低熔点玻璃粉制备:按照配方称取低熔点玻璃粉原料,混合均匀后倒入坩埚中,并将其放入熔制炉中,设定熔制温度为1000-1200℃,保温1-2h;然后将熔融液体水淬后球磨,控制其粒度,烘干以备用;
步骤2:按配比称取复合防污剂,并将复合防污剂、多孔材料、少量溶剂搅拌均匀,得多孔材料负载型复合防污剂;
步骤3:将上述低熔点玻璃粉、多孔材料负载型复合防污剂和水性溶剂、增稠剂、分散剂按比例称取后球磨12-24h,得到均匀分布的低熔点玻璃复合浆料;
步骤4:将步骤3所得的低熔点玻璃复合浆料均匀涂覆在陶瓷基材表面,待其自然固化、成型后,将其在500-700℃下烧结10-30分钟,即可得到含均匀光滑的防污涂层的新型滨海工程防污瓷板。
进一步的,所述的新型滨海工程防污瓷板制备工艺,上述步骤4所述的涂覆方法为喷涂法。
与现有技术相比,本发明通过在瓷板表面涂覆高效持久的抗污损功能、对环境友好的防污涂料,达到预防基材腐蚀和防止海洋生物附着污损的目的。本发明以低熔点玻璃粉作为粘结材料,通过其功能性基团与弱碱性的海水发生水解反应,可以将包覆在涂料里面的复合防污剂释放出来。同时利用多孔材料特殊多孔的构造,经烧结后在涂层表面及内部形成多孔结构,从而作为复合防污剂附着的载体,进一步增强该防污瓷板的防污能力。本发明制备的防污瓷板,有效杀菌寿命长,对环境友好无害,多种防污剂混合添加,互相协同作用,有效防治多种海洋生物侵袭,制备工艺简单,适于推广。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种新型滨海工程防污瓷板剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。
实施例1:
称取ZnO:15g、H3BO4:18g、SiO2:30g、Al2O3:12g、K2CO3:15g、Na2CO3:10g,混合均匀后倒入坩埚中,并将其放入熔制炉中,设定熔制温度为1000℃,保温2h,然后将熔融液体水淬后球磨,烘干得低熔点玻璃粉;称取复合防污剂铜粉3g、Cu2O:9g、TiO2:6g、硅藻土8g、多孔碳化硅4g、乙醇5g搅拌均匀,得多孔材料负载型复合防污剂;称取上述低熔点玻璃粉42g、多孔材料负载型复合防污剂和乙醇17g、海藻酸钠3g、、磷酸三丁酯3g后球磨24h,得到均匀分布的低熔点玻璃复合浆料;将上述所得的低熔点玻璃复合浆料均匀喷涂在陶瓷基体表面,待其自然固化成型后将其在700℃下烧结10分钟,即可得到含均匀光滑的防污涂层的新型滨海工程防污瓷板。
实施例2:
称取ZnO:16g、H3BO4:17g、SiO2:32g、Al2O3:11g、K2CO3:13g、Na2CO3:11g,混合均匀后倒入坩埚中,并将其放入熔制炉中,设定熔制温度为1050℃,保温1h40min,然后将熔融液体水淬后球磨,烘干得低熔点玻璃粉;称取复合防污剂Cu粉5g、Cu2O:15g、硅藻土12g、异丁醇4g搅拌均匀,得多孔材料负载型复合防污剂;称取上述低熔点玻璃粉40g、多孔材料负载型复合防污剂和乙醇19g、海藻酸钠3g、磷酸三丁酯2g后球磨18h,得到均匀分布的低熔点玻璃复合浆料;将上述所得的低熔点玻璃复合浆料均匀喷涂在陶瓷基体表面,待其自然固化成型后将其在620℃下烧结12分钟,即可得到含均匀光滑的防污涂层的新型滨海工程防污瓷板。
实施例3:
称取ZnO:17g、H3BO4:16g、SiO2:34g、Al2O3:10g、K2CO3:12g、Na2CO3:11g,混合均匀后倒入坩埚中,并将其放入熔制炉中,设定熔制温度为1100℃,保温1h20min,然后将熔融液体水淬后球磨,烘干得低熔点玻璃粉;称取复合防污剂Cu2O:10g、TiO2:6g、硅藻土7g、多孔碳化硅6g、乙醇5g搅拌均匀,得多孔材料负载型复合防污剂;称取上述低熔点玻璃粉42g、多孔材料负载型复合防污剂和乙醇19g、海藻酸钠2g、磷酸三丁酯2g后球磨22h,得到均匀分布的低熔点玻璃复合浆料;将上述所得的低熔点玻璃复合浆料均匀喷涂在陶瓷基体表面,待其自然固化成型后将其在550℃下烧结15分钟,即可得到含均匀光滑的防污涂层的新型滨海工程防污瓷板。
实施例4:
称取ZnO:18g、H3BO4:15g、SiO2:36g、Al2O3:10g、K2CO3:11g、Na2CO3:10g,混合均匀后倒入坩埚中,并将其放入熔制炉中,设定熔制温度为1200℃,保温1h,然后将熔融液体水淬后球磨,烘干得低熔点玻璃粉;称取复合防污剂Cu2O:15g、硅藻土15g、乙醇6g搅拌均匀,得多孔材料负载型复合防污剂;称取上述低熔点玻璃粉45g、多孔材料负载型复合防污剂和乙醇10g、异丁醇7g、海藻酸钠1g、磷酸三丁酯1g后球磨12h,得到均匀分布的低熔点玻璃复合浆料;将上述所得的低熔点玻璃复合浆料均匀喷涂在陶瓷基体表面,待其自然固化成型后将其在500℃下烧结20分钟,即可得到含均匀光滑的防污涂层的新型滨海工程防污瓷板。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都应落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种新型滨海工程防污瓷板,包括陶瓷基体和防污涂层,其特征在于,所述防污涂层由低熔点玻璃复合浆料经500-700℃烧结形成,所述低熔点玻璃复合浆料按质量百分比包括复合防污剂15-20%、低熔点玻璃粉40-45%、多孔材料10%-15%、增稠剂1-3%、分散剂1-3%、水性溶剂18-25%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型滨海工程防污瓷板,其特征在于,所述防污涂层的厚度为0.5-1mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的新型滨海工程防污瓷板,其特征在于,所述复合防污剂包括Cu粉、Cu2O、TiO2的一种或两种以上的混合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的新型滨海工程防污瓷板,其特征在于,所述复合防污剂的Cu粉:Cu2O:TiO2的质量比为:1:3:2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的新型滨海工程防污瓷板,其特征在于,所述复合防污剂的粒径为50-200nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的新型滨海工程防污瓷板,其特征在于,所述低熔点玻璃粉为ZnO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃体系;所述低熔点玻璃粉各组分按质量份数为:
ZnO:15-18份;
H3BO4:15-18份;
SiO2:30-40份;
Al2O3:10-12份;
K2CO3:10-15份;
Na2CO3:10-12份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的新型滨海工程防污瓷板,其特征在于,所述多孔材料为硅藻土质材料、活性炭材料中的一种或两种混合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的新型滨海工程防污瓷板,其特征在于,所述增稠剂为海藻酸钠、羟乙基纤维素中的一种或两种混合,分散剂为磷酸三丁酯、三油酸甘油酯中的一种或两种混合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的新型滨海工程防污瓷板的制备工艺,其特征在于,包括以下工艺步骤:
步骤1:低熔点玻璃粉制备:按照配方称取低熔点玻璃粉原料,混合均匀后倒入坩埚中,并将其放入熔制炉中,设定熔制温度为1000-1200℃,保温1-2h;然后将熔融液体水淬后球磨,控制其粒度,烘干以备用;
步骤2:按配比称取复合防污剂,并将复合防污剂、多孔材料、溶剂搅拌均匀,得多孔材料负载型复合防污剂;
步骤3:将上述低熔点玻璃粉、多孔材料负载型复合防污剂和水性溶剂、增稠剂、分散剂按比例称取后球磨12-24h,得到均匀分布的低熔点玻璃复合浆料;
步骤4:将步骤3所得的低熔点玻璃复合浆料均匀涂覆在陶瓷基材表面,待其自然固化、成型后,将其在500-700℃下烧结10-30分钟,即可得到含均匀光滑的防污涂层的新型滨海工程防污瓷板。
10.根据权利要求10所述的新型滨海工程防污瓷板的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤4所述的涂覆方法为喷涂法。
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