CN112408959B - 一种刚玉基储热陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种刚玉基储热陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112408959B
CN112408959B CN202011216003.0A CN202011216003A CN112408959B CN 112408959 B CN112408959 B CN 112408959B CN 202011216003 A CN202011216003 A CN 202011216003A CN 112408959 B CN112408959 B CN 112408959B
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徐晓虹
张乾坤
吴建锋
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
Foshan Xianhu Laboratory
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Abstract

一种刚玉基储热陶瓷及其制备方法,包括以下质量份的各原料:刚玉粉90份、氧化铁粉1~9份、氧化钛粉1~9份、氧化钐粉0~5份,其中,所述刚玉粉、氧化铁粉和氧化钛粉质量之和为100份;所述原料经混合制备泥料、练泥与陈腐、制备蜂窝陶瓷坯体、干燥和烧成可制得刚玉基蜂窝储热陶瓷。本发明制备的刚玉基蜂窝储热陶瓷具有工作温度更高、导热系数高、储热密度大的特点,属超高温储热材料,提高储热陶瓷的热转换效率,可实现持久的热能供给。

Description

一种刚玉基储热陶瓷及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及能源新材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种刚玉基储热陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
储热材料是一种用于热能的存储和释放的环境友好型能源新材料,已广泛应用于太阳能热利用、电力调峰、工业废热和余热回收和建筑节能等领域。为实现高效持久的热交换,储热材料应具有较高的工作温度、较高的导热系数和较大的储热密度。陶瓷由于具有熔点高、热稳定性好、耐腐蚀、机械强度高等优点,已成为一种极具潜力的储热材料。
目前,常见的储热陶瓷有尾矿质、氧化铝质、莫来石质等种类。如,中国专利《一种利用粉煤灰和页岩制备储热蜂窝陶瓷的方法》(CN106747316B)公开了一种以粉煤灰、页岩制备的储热蜂窝陶瓷,其工作温度为100~500℃,导热系数为1.7~2.2W/(m·K),储热密度为1180~1240J/cm3;中国专利《一种高温相变储热材料》(CN109609099A)公开了一种以刚玉颗粒、刚玉粉、碳化硅粉等为主要原料制备的高温相变储热材料,其工作温度大于600℃,导热系数大于8.0W/(m·K),储热密度大于650kJ/kg;中国专利《一种陶瓷基高温储热材料及其制备方法》(CN107266050A)公开了一种以硅原料、铝盐等为主要原料制备的陶瓷基高温储热材料,其工作温度大于600℃,导热系数大于1.8W/(m·K),储热密度大于800kJ/kg。显然,上述储热陶瓷的热导率均偏低,不利于使用过程中的热交换。此外,储热陶瓷的工作温度越高,越能避免因温度降级导致的热量流失,实现热量的充分利用。因此,开发和研究一种工作温度更高、导热系数高、储热密度大的储热陶瓷具有重要意义。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提出刚玉基储热陶瓷及其制备方法,具体技术方案为:
一种刚玉基储热陶瓷,包括以下质量份的各原料:刚玉粉90份、氧化铁粉1~9份、氧化钛粉1~9份、氧化钐粉0~5份,其中,所述刚玉粉、氧化铁粉和氧化钛粉质量之和为100份。
进一步地,所述刚玉粉的粒径为325目,其氧化铝的含量为98~99wt%,所述氧化铁粉、氧化钛粉和氧化钐粉的纯度均大于99wt%。
一种刚玉基储热陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)原料混合:将刚玉粉、氧化铁粉、氧化钛粉、氧化钐粉按质量比称取,用球磨机混合均匀,得到混合料;
2)制备可塑泥料:在混合料中加入一定量的粘结剂、润滑剂和水,用捏合机进行捏合30min,制备可塑泥料;
3)练泥与陈腐:将可塑泥料用真空练泥机练泥1~2h,再经陈腐36h,得到陈腐好的泥料;
4)制备蜂窝陶瓷坯体:将陈腐好的泥料放入立式挤出成型机中,挤出得到蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
5)蜂窝陶瓷坯体干燥:将挤出的蜂窝陶瓷坯体先放在微波炉中定型15~25min,然后放入红外干燥箱中干燥1~2h,得到干燥好的蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
6)蜂窝陶瓷坯体烧成:将干燥后的蜂窝陶瓷坯体放入高温炉中,经1500~1600℃烧成,得到刚玉基蜂窝储热陶瓷。
进一步地,所述粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素,其加入量为混合料质量的3~5wt%。
进一步地,所属润滑剂为桐油、菜油中的一种或两种任意比例混合物,其加入量为混合料质量的3~5wt%。
进一步地,所述水的加入量为混合料质量的15~25wt%。
进一步地,所述微波炉的功率为5kW,频率为2450±50MHz;红外干燥箱的干燥温度为100~110℃。
进一步地,所述高温炉的升温速率为3~5℃/min,最高烧成温度保温2h。
有益效果:
(1)工作温度更高。本发明刚玉基陶瓷的工作温度大于1000℃,属于超高温储热材料,使用过程中可避免因温度降级导致的热量流失,实现热能的充分利用。
(2)导热系数高。本发明刚玉基储热陶瓷的热导率为13.3~18.8W/(m·K),远高于常见的尾矿质、氧化铝质、莫来石质储热陶瓷,能有效的实现热交换,提高储热陶瓷的热转换效率。
(3)储热密度大。由于刚玉本身的体积密度较大,在规定空间内可投放较大质量的刚玉基储热陶瓷,本发明刚玉基储热陶瓷的储热密度也较高,为1100~1200kJ/kg,因而使用过程中可实现持久的热能供给。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所制备的刚玉基储热陶瓷的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
一种刚玉基储热陶瓷,包括以下质量份的各原料:刚玉粉90份、氧化铁粉1~9份、氧化钛粉1~9份、氧化钐粉0~5份,其中,所述刚玉粉、氧化铁粉和氧化钛粉质量之和为100份。
优选地,所述刚玉粉的粒径为325目,其氧化铝的含量为98~99wt%,所述氧化铁粉、氧化钛粉和氧化钐粉的纯度均大于99wt%。
实施例1
一种刚玉基储热陶瓷的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)原料混合:将刚玉粉、氧化铁粉、氧化钛粉、氧化钐粉按质量比称取,用球磨机混合均匀,得到混合料,所述混合料中各原料粉末及其质量份为:刚玉粉90份、氧化铁粉9份、氧化钛粉1份、氧化钐粉5份,其中刚玉粉、氧化铁粉和氧化钛粉质量之和为100份;
2)制备可塑泥料:在混合料中加入粘结剂、润滑剂和水,然后用捏合机对进行捏合30min,制备可塑泥料;所述粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素,加入量为混合料质量的3wt%;所属润滑剂为菜油,加入量为混合料质量的5wt%;水的加入量为混合料质量的15wt%;
3)练泥与陈腐:将可塑泥料用真空练泥机练泥2h,再经陈腐36h,得到陈腐好的泥料;
4)制备蜂窝陶瓷坯体:将陈腐好的泥料放入立式挤出成型机中,挤出得到蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
5)蜂窝陶瓷坯体干燥:将挤出的蜂窝陶瓷坯体先放在微波炉中定型15min,然后放入红外干燥箱中,在100℃干燥2h,得到干燥好的蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
6)蜂窝陶瓷坯体烧成:将干燥后的蜂窝陶瓷坯体放入高温炉中,经1500℃烧成2h,升温速率为3℃/min,得到刚玉基蜂窝储热陶瓷。
经测试,本发明制备的刚玉基陶瓷的工作温度大于1000℃,导热系数为13.3W/(m·K),储热密度1200kJ/kg(室温~1000℃),可用作储热材料。图1为本实施例所制备的刚玉基储热陶瓷的扫描电镜图。
实施例2
一种刚玉基储热陶瓷的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)原料混合:将刚玉粉、氧化铁粉、氧化钛粉、氧化钐粉按质量比称取,用球磨机混合均匀,得到混合料,所述混合料中各原料粉末及其质量份为:刚玉粉90份、氧化铁粉9份、氧化钛粉1份、氧化钐粉0份;
2)制备可塑泥料:在混合料中加入粘结剂、润滑剂和水,然后用捏合机对进行捏合30min,制备可塑泥料;所述粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素,加入量为混合料质量的5wt%;所属润滑剂为桐油,加入量为混合料质量的3wt%;水的加入量为混合料质量的25wt%;
3)练泥与陈腐:将可塑泥料用真空练泥机练泥1h,再经陈腐36h,得到陈腐好的泥料;
4)制备蜂窝陶瓷坯体:将陈腐好的泥料放入立式挤出成型机中,挤出得到蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
5)蜂窝陶瓷坯体干燥:将挤出的蜂窝陶瓷坯体先放在微波炉中定型25min,然后放入红外干燥箱中,在110℃干燥1h,得到干燥好的蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
6)蜂窝陶瓷坯体烧成:将干燥后的蜂窝陶瓷坯体放入高温炉中,经1600℃烧成2h,升温速率为5℃/min,得到刚玉基蜂窝储热陶瓷。
经测试,本发明制备的刚玉基陶瓷的工作温度大于1000℃,导热系数为18.8W/(m·K),储热密度1189.5kJ/kg(室温~1000℃),可用作储热材料。
实施例3
一种刚玉基储热陶瓷的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)原料混合:将刚玉粉、氧化铁粉、氧化钛粉、氧化钐粉按质量比称取,用球磨机混合均匀,得到混合料,所述混合料中各原料粉末及其质量份为:刚玉粉90份、氧化铁粉1份、氧化钛粉9份、氧化钐粉5份,其中刚玉粉、氧化铁粉和氧化钛粉质量之和为100份;
2)制备可塑泥料:在混合料中加入粘结剂、润滑剂和水,然后用捏合机对进行捏合30min,制备可塑泥料;所述粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素,加入量为混合料质量的3wt%;所属润滑剂为桐油,加入量为混合料质量的5wt%;水的加入量为混合料质量的25wt%;
3)练泥与陈腐:将可塑泥料用真空练泥机练泥2h,再经陈腐36h,得到陈腐好的泥料;
4)制备蜂窝陶瓷坯体:将陈腐好的泥料放入立式挤出成型机中,挤出得到蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
5)蜂窝陶瓷坯体干燥:将挤出的蜂窝陶瓷坯体先放在微波炉中定型15min,然后放入红外干燥箱中,在100℃干燥2h,得到干燥好的蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
6)蜂窝陶瓷坯体烧成:将干燥后的蜂窝陶瓷坯体放入高温炉中,经1520℃烧成2h,升温速率为4℃/min,得到刚玉基蜂窝储热陶瓷。
经测试,本发明制备的刚玉基陶瓷的工作温度大于1000℃,导热系数为15.5W/(m·K),储热密度1100kJ/kg(室温~1000℃),可用作储热材料。
实施例4
一种刚玉基储热陶瓷的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)原料混合:将刚玉粉、氧化铁粉、氧化钛粉、氧化钐粉按质量比称取,用球磨机混合均匀,得到混合料,所述混合料中各原料粉末及其质量份为:刚玉粉90份、氧化铁粉1份、氧化钛粉9份、氧化钐粉0份;
2)制备可塑泥料:在混合料中加入粘结剂、润滑剂和水,然后用捏合机对进行捏合30min,制备可塑泥料;所述粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素,加入量为混合料质量的5wt%;所属润滑剂为菜油,加入量为混合料质量的3wt%;水的加入量为混合料质量的15wt%;
3)练泥与陈腐:将可塑泥料用真空练泥机练泥1h,再经陈腐36h,得到陈腐好的泥料;
4)制备蜂窝陶瓷坯体:将陈腐好的泥料放入立式挤出成型机中,挤出得到蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
5)蜂窝陶瓷坯体干燥:将挤出的蜂窝陶瓷坯体先放在微波炉中定型25min,然后放入红外干燥箱中,在110℃干燥1h,得到干燥好的蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
6)蜂窝陶瓷坯体烧成:将干燥后的蜂窝陶瓷坯体放入高温炉中,经1560℃烧成2h,升温速率为5℃/min,得到刚玉基蜂窝储热陶瓷。
经测试,本发明制备的刚玉基陶瓷的工作温度大于1000℃,导热系数为14.81W/(m·K),储热密度1121.25kJ/kg(室温~1000℃),可用作储热材料。
实施例5
一种刚玉基储热陶瓷的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)原料混合:将刚玉粉、氧化铁粉、氧化钛粉、氧化钐粉按质量比称取,用球磨机混合均匀,得到混合料,所述混合料中各原料粉末及其质量份为:刚玉粉90份、氧化铁粉5份、氧化钛粉5份、氧化钐粉3份,其中刚玉粉、氧化铁粉和氧化钛粉质量之和为100份;
2)制备可塑泥料:在混合料中加入粘结剂、润滑剂和水,然后用捏合机对进行捏合30min,制备可塑泥料;所述粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素,加入量为混合料质量的4wt%;所属润滑剂为桐油和菜油,两者比例为1:2,加入量为混合料质量的4wt%;水的加入量为混合料质量的20wt%;
3)练泥与陈腐:将可塑泥料用真空练泥机练泥2h,再经陈腐36h,得到陈腐好的泥料;
4)制备蜂窝陶瓷坯体:将陈腐好的泥料放入立式挤出成型机中,挤出得到蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
5)蜂窝陶瓷坯体干燥:将挤出的蜂窝陶瓷坯体先放在微波炉中定型20min,然后放入红外干燥箱中,在105℃干燥2h,得到干燥好的蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
6)蜂窝陶瓷坯体烧成:将干燥后的蜂窝陶瓷坯体放入高温炉中,经1520℃烧成2h,升温速率为4℃/min,得到刚玉基蜂窝储热陶瓷。
经测试,本发明制备的刚玉基陶瓷的工作温度大于1000℃,导热系数为17.83W/(m·K),储热密度1160.25kJ/kg(室温~1000℃),可用作储热材料。
综上,所制得的刚玉基储热陶瓷的工作温度大于1000℃,属于超高温储热材料,热导率为13.3~18.8W/(m·K),远高于常见的尾矿质、氧化铝质、莫来石质储热陶瓷,储热密度为1100~1200kJ/kg,可实现持久的热能供给。

Claims (7)

1.一种刚玉基储热陶瓷,其特征在于,包括以下质量份的各原料:刚玉粉90份、氧化铁粉1~9份、氧化钛粉1~9份、氧化钐粉0~5份,其中,所述氧化钐粉不为0份,所述刚玉粉、氧化铁粉和氧化钛粉质量之和为100份;所述刚玉粉的粒径为325目,其氧化铝的含量为98~99wt%,所述氧化铁粉、氧化钛粉和氧化钐粉的纯度均大于99wt%。
2.权利要求1所述的刚玉基储热陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)原料混合:将刚玉粉、氧化铁粉、氧化钛粉、氧化钐粉按质量比称取,用球磨机混合均匀,得到混合料;
2)制备可塑泥料:在混合料中加入一定量的粘结剂、润滑剂和水,用捏合机进行捏合30min,制备可塑泥料;
3)练泥与陈腐:将可塑泥料用真空练泥机练泥1~2h,再经陈腐36h,得到陈腐好的泥料;
4)制备蜂窝陶瓷坯体:将陈腐好的泥料放入立式挤出成型机中,挤出得到蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
5)蜂窝陶瓷坯体干燥:将挤出的蜂窝陶瓷坯体先放在微波炉中定型15~25min,然后放入红外干燥箱中干燥1~2h,得到干燥好的蜂窝陶瓷坯体;
6)蜂窝陶瓷坯体烧成:将干燥后的蜂窝陶瓷坯体放入高温炉中,经1500~1600℃烧成,得到刚玉基蜂窝储热陶瓷。
3.根据权利要求2所述的刚玉基储热陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粘结剂为羧甲基纤维素,其加入量为混合料质量的3~5wt%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的刚玉基储热陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所属润滑剂为桐油、菜油中的一种或两种任意比例混合物,其加入量为混合料质量的3~5wt%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的刚玉基储热陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水的加入量为混合料质量的15~25wt%。
6.根据权利要求2所述的刚玉基储热陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述微波炉的功率为5kW,频率为2450±50MHz;红外干燥箱的干燥温度为100~110℃。
7.根据权利要求2所述的刚玉基储热陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高温炉的升温速率为3~5℃/min,最高烧成温度保温2h。
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