CN112400617A

CN112400617A - Grass seed spray-seeding method

Info

Publication number: CN112400617A
Application number: CN201910781755.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡送兵; 赵秋月; 龙俊; 陈戈; 张远帆
Original assignee: Wuhan Garden Constructional Engineering Co
Current assignee: Wuhan Garden Constructional Engineering Co
Priority date: 2019-08-23
Filing date: 2019-08-23
Publication date: 2021-02-26

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of landscaping, and particularly discloses a grass seed spray-seeding method, which comprises the following steps: land finishing, namely, processing and leveling the surface of the land to obtain a finished land; pre-treating grass seeds, including disinfecting and accelerating germination; preparing a spray-seeding base material, wherein the base material is required to be fully mixed with the spray-seeding main material to be in a slurry state; and then carrying out spray seeding on the grass seeds, namely spraying and seeding the prepared spray seeding base material to the prepared land by using a machine. The invention solves the technical problem that the lawn is not easy to plant on the soil with larger gradient, and realizes the greening effect on the soil with larger gradient by adopting a spray-seeding mode.

Description

Grass seed spray-seeding method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of lawn sowing, and particularly relates to a grass seed spray-sowing method.

Background

Lawn is applied to many aspects of landscaping, and various laying methods of the lawn can be selected. Some lawn plants are directly sown on the land, and the lawn is maintained according to requirements after growing to a certain degree, and some lawn plants are directly paved according to greening requirements after finishing land arrangement, and the greening effect can be realized after the paved lawn grows for a period of time.

However, for a large number of exposed slopes formed by some construction projects, the exposed slopes not only affect ecological environment landscapes, but also have certain geological disaster risks, and affect safety and stability of projects. Therefore, the areas have the requirement of greening, but the geographical environment is relatively severe and complicated, so that the direct sowing of grass seeds or the laying of lawns on the slopes is not suitable.

The spray seeding technology is a planting method for spraying a mixture consisting of soil, seeds, water, fertilizer and other additives to a slope surface to realize greening effect, and is also increasingly applied to the field of landscaping. However, the existing spray seeding technology is limited in application range, for example, for a slope surface with a relatively large slope, mixture easily slips off from the slope, so that greening effect cannot be realized, and if grass seeds are directly sprayed on the slope surface without pretreatment, problems of uneven spraying and survival rate are easily caused.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem that lawns on certain soil with larger gradient are difficult to cultivate in the prior art, the invention provides a grass seed spray-seeding method, which specifically comprises the following steps:

land arrangement: the land surface is treated and leveled to obtain a finished land;

pretreatment of grass seeds: sterilizing and accelerating germination of the grass seeds to obtain pretreated grass seeds;

preparing a spray seeding substrate: fully mixing the pretreated grass seeds and the spray seeding main material to form slurry to obtain a spray seeding base material;

spray seeding of grass seeds: and spraying the prepared spray-seeding base material to the prepared land.

Further, the grass seed spraying method further comprises the steps of laying the covering after the grass seeds are sprayed, and removing the covering when the grass seeds germinate.

Further, the cover is a nonwoven fabric.

Further, the grass seeds are various types of grass seeds.

Further, the various types of grass seeds include ryegrass, bluegrass, and festuca arundinacea.

Further, the amount ratio of the bluegrass is more than 60%.

Furthermore, the germination accelerating method of the seeds is a cold water soaking method, a sand accumulation germination accelerating method, a stacking germination accelerating method or a chemical medicine germination accelerating method.

Furthermore, the spray-seeding main material is formed by mixing one or more of wood fiber, adhesive, water-retaining agent and coloring agent.

Furthermore, the spray-seeding main material comprises wood fiber and water in a ratio of 1: 30-1: 20.

By adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention, the grass seeds can be sown on a slope or other lands which are not suitable for directly sowing the grass seeds or laying the lawn in a spray-sowing mode, so that the lawn can be formed to realize a better greening effect.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of lawn mowing.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.

The invention provides a grass seed spray-seeding method, which specifically comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1: land preparation, which is to treat and level the surface of the land and meet the conditions of spray-seeding grass seeds; pre-treating grass seeds, including disinfecting and accelerating germination; preparing a spray-seeding substrate, wherein the substrate is required to be fully mixed with a spray-seeding main material to form slurry, and the spray-seeding substrate is a material which can be attached to the surface of the ground after spray-seeding with the grass seeds and can provide nutrients for the germination of the grass seeds; and then, carrying out spray seeding on the grass seeds, and carrying out spray seeding on the prepared spray seeding base material to the prepared land.

The land arrangement is the basic and the precondition for grass seed spray sowing, the quality of the land arrangement plays an important role in the survival rate and the later growth of the grass seeds after spray sowing, and the most basic requirement for the land arrangement is to ensure that the land is as flat as possible. If the place to be sprayed with grass seeds does not meet the basic requirements of grass seed spraying, such as the condition that rocks are bare or the surface soil is insufficient, a layer of base soil needs to be paved on the surface of the place, and then the base soil is arranged to obtain the arranged land.

Specifically, in the step of land preparation, the land surface is treated as flat as possible and meets the conditions of spray-seeding grass seeds. If the place where the grass seeds need to be sprayed has a certain amount of base soil, if the soil quality is proper, the grass seeds can be sprayed on the place after sundries are removed, fertilizer application and plowing are carried out. If the soil quality condition does not meet the growth condition of the lawn, certain treatment needs to be carried out on the soil, for example, saline-alkali soil is treated, the primary treatment of saline-alkali removal is carried out on the soil firstly, so that the soil can meet the growth condition of the lawn primarily, and for desert or arid regions, a certain amount of water needs to be poured to ensure the water needed by the germination of the lawn.

In order to have better emergence rate after the grass seeds are sowed, prevent the over-high temperature and water loss caused by sunlight irradiation and prevent the grass seeds from being washed away by rainfall or irrigation, covering materials can be added on the surface of the land after the grass seeds are sowed. The covering can be made of non-woven fabrics or plastic films, and a shelter can be added even for places with conditions. When the non-woven fabric or the plastic film is adopted, the two non-woven fabrics or the two plastic films are partially overlapped, the overlapping width is more suitable for 10-15 cm, materials are saved, and the land covering can be realized. In order to prevent the covered non-woven fabric or plastic film from being blown open by strong wind, the overlapped portion should be fixed, and the fixed material may be selected from bamboo stick, wood stick or steel wire. In addition, in a specific construction process, a constructor should wear the flat shoes to prevent the flatness of the ground from being affected by the unevenness of the soles.

Different grass seeds have different germination time, the cold season type grass seeds begin to germinate 7-10 days after sowing, the grass seeds basically and completely germinate 12-20 days, the covering can be removed when the grass buds grow to 5-7 cm, and further growth of the lawn can be affected too late. The removed covering such as non-woven fabric, plastic film, etc. can be reused and applied to the newly sprayed lawn.

Along with the improvement of the requirements of people on landscape greening effects, the mixed sowing of grass seeds is more and more applied. If a single grass species is used, such as summer grass, the lawn will become withered and yellow in the autumn and winter, and the need for greening is not practically completely met. And a single grass species is adopted, and if the plant diseases and insect pests are met, the same type of grass can make the plant diseases and insect pests easily spread. The mode of mixed sowing of various grass seeds is adopted, so that the green effect of the lawn in different seasons can be ensured, the threat of plant diseases and insect pests can be effectively resisted, and the situation that all lawns are covered by the whole army due to the infection of a certain type of grass is avoided.

In most areas of China, the cold season grasses are applied more when sowing in a mixed sowing mode. Poa pratensis is generally the main body of the mixed-sowed grass seeds because of its excellent quality, and the proportion of the Poa pratensis in the mixed-sowed grass seeds is often more than 60%. Poa pratensis can coexist with Lemongrass and perennial ryegrass, and Lemongrass refers to species and subspecies with fine texture of leaf of the genus Festuca, such as Festuca, and Festuca. The Poa pratensis and the Festuca arundinacea grow together, and finally one species becomes a dominant species. If sunlight, water and fertilizers are sufficient, the grassland is mainly provided with the annual bluegrass, and if the supplies of shading, water and fertilizers are not sufficient, the grassland is beneficial to the development of the fine fescue. The multi-application and reliable-efficacy mixed seeding combination of perennial ryegrass and meadow bluegrass or festuca arundinacea. Perennial rye is added into the mixed sowing grass seeds because the rye sprouts firstly, thereby providing refuge conditions for bluegrass, tall fescue and the like which sprout and grow slowly. The key point of the mixing technology is that perennial ryegrass accounts for no more than 15-20%.

Another alternative grass seed mixed sowing scheme is to adopt several different varieties of a certain grass seed, i.e. "mixed varieties". The mixed sowing of different grass varieties is adopted, so that the whole lawn cannot be damaged even if one variety is damaged by one disease or a severe environment.

The step of pretreating the grass seeds comprises two substeps of sterilizing the grass seeds and accelerating germination. The main purpose of lawn seed disinfection is to prevent diseases caused by bacteria carried by seeds. Usually, 40 to 60 percent of carbendazim wettable powder is used to prepare a solution with the weight of 0.3 to 0.5 percent of the seed weight solution or 70 to 80 percent of chlorothalonil wettable powder is used to prepare a solution with the weight of 0.2 to 0.4 percent of the seed weight solution, and the solution is stirred and soaked for 24 to 36 hours. If the amount is small, the stirring is difficult to be uniform, the stirring time can be prolonged, or the medicine is firstly stirred with fine soil and then stirred with seeds. The pesticide such as thiophanate, zineb, fenaminosulf, carboxin and the like can be used for medicament seed dressing.

Most lawn seeds are easy to germinate, especially cold-season grass seeds, and can be directly sown without germination accelerating treatment. However, for some grass seeds with difficult germination, or for increasing the planting rate of lawn, the seeds need to be germinated before sowing. The seeds are subjected to germination acceleration, and the germination is fast and the quality is good. Common germination accelerating methods include cold water seed soaking, sand accumulation accelerating, stacking accelerating and chemical accelerating.

The cold water seed soaking method is suitable for grass seeds which are easy to germinate. Before sowing, the grass seeds are soaked in cold water for a few hours, taken out and dried, and sowed immediately, so that the dried grass seeds absorb moisture, and thus, seedlings are easy to emerge after sowing. The method is characterized in that the Chinese thorowax root seeds are pretreated, and the Chinese thorowax root seeds are put into a woven bag and are brewed by tap water in northern areas. Spreading the seeds for drying after 3-4 days, and then sowing the seeds by doping sand.

The sand accumulation germination accelerating method is suitable for grass seeds with difficult germination, such as seeds of zoysia japonica. The grass seeds can be put into a cloth bag, and soaked in cold water for about 48 or 72 hours, and then the upper opening of a wooden box is covered with wet river sand of 8 cm-10 cm. Moving the indoor part to the outdoor part and covering the indoor part with a straw screen, and moving the indoor part to the indoor part after 5 to 7 days (the indoor temperature is controlled to be about 23 to 25 ℃). Keeping a certain humidity in the wooden box, accelerating germination by accumulating sand within about 12-20 days, and sowing the mixed river sand together with most zoysia japonica seeds in the wet sand after the zoysia japonica seeds begin to break or tender buds appear. The technical key of the method is that the environmental temperature must reach more than 20 ℃. By adopting the method, the germination time of grass seeds is shortened, weed competition is avoided, and the management amount after sowing is reduced.

The stacking germination accelerating method is suitable for imported cold-season grass seeds, such as grass seeds of bluegrass, ryegrass, tall fescue and the like. The seeds are mixed into 5-10 times of wet river sand, stacked outdoors under full sunlight, and covered with a plastic film to prevent moisture evaporation and keep moisture properly. The stacking and germination accelerating time is 1-2 days, and the seeds are turned over once every day. The direct seeding of cold season grass seeds can also realize seedling emergence, but the seedling emergence rate can be greatly improved after stacking germination.

The chemical germination accelerating method aims at that the outer skin of the zoysia japonica seeds in individual grass has a layer of attachments, so that moisture and air are not easy to enter, the zoysia japonica seeds are directly sowed into soil, and the germination rate is very low. In order to improve the germination rate, 0.4-0.6% of caustic soda is adopted to soak for 24-36H, the mixture is rinsed and cleaned, then the mixture is soaked for 6-10H by clear water, and the mixture is fished out and dried, thus seeding can be carried out.

The manufacture of the base material is an important link for grass seed spray sowing, and the components of the base material play an important role in the spray sowing effect and the germination of the grass seeds after spray sowing. In order to achieve better adhesion of the sprayed substrate to the ground surface, the substrate is in the form of a slurry and sprayed onto the prepared ground by means of special high-pressure spraying equipment.

The spray seeding base material is formed by mixing grass seeds and spray seeding main materials. The spray-seeding main material comprises wood fiber or paper pulp, adhesive, water-retaining agent, coloring agent and water. The wood fiber or paper pulp refers to flocculent short fiber obtained by specially treating the remainder of natural forest, and the fiber is loose and does not cake after being mixed with water, thereby providing a seedbed for seed germination. The weight of water and fiber filler was 25: 1-30: 1, the using amount of the fiber is about 45-55 KG/mu on a flat land, about 60-75 KG/mu on a sloping land, and can be properly adjusted according to the terrain condition. The adhesive is a medium for adhering the seeds and the wood fibers, and has the main functions of tightly combining the seeds and the wood fibers and enabling the seeds and the wood fibers to be firmly adhered to a sprayed land in the spraying process, so that the thinned seeds are more uniform. The amount of the binder used is determined according to the gradient, and is 2 to 4 percent of the weight of the fiber. The common usage amount of the adhesive is 3-5 g/square meter. The water-retaining agent has good water absorption performance, is used for retaining water of grass seeds after being sprayed thinly and providing water for the grass seeds in a germination period, the dosage of the water-retaining agent is adjusted according to different climates and soil textures, and the dosage range of the water-retaining agent is 5-7 g/square meter. The main function of the coloring agent is to indicate whether the sprayed thin grass seeds have missing areas and to check whether the sprayed grass seeds are uniform.

After the grass seeds are sprayed, although the spraying base material contains certain moisture, the moisture in the base material is far from enough for the germination and growth of the grass seeds in consideration of the evaporation of the moisture, the sprayed lawn needs to be watered regularly, and the specific frequency can be adjusted appropriately according to the change of weather. For the cold season grass seeds, the first pruning can be carried out 25-35 days after the spraying, and then further maintenance measures can be carried out.

Different technical solutions that can be replaced in the above steps can be freely combined in different steps on the premise of achieving the purpose of the invention and being capable of being achieved in specific embodiments.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description is more specific and detailed, but not understood as the limitation of the patent scope of the present invention, but all the technical solutions obtained by using the equivalent substitution or the equivalent transformation should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grass seed spray-seeding method comprises the following steps:

2. The grass seed spraying method of claim 1, further comprising laying a cover after the grass seed spraying, and removing the cover after the grass seed germinates.

3. The grass seed spraying method according to claim 2, wherein the covering is a non-woven fabric or a plastic film.

4. The grass seed spraying method according to claim 1, wherein the grass seeds are formed by mixing two or more types of grass seeds.

5. The grass seed spraying method of claim 4, wherein the type of grass seed includes ryegrass, poa annua, or festuca arundinacea.

6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein said amount of said bluegrass is more than 60%.

7. The spray seeding method for grass seeds according to claim 1, wherein the germination method for seeds is a cold water soaking method, a sand accumulation germination method, a stacking germination method or a chemical germination method.

8. The grass seed spraying method according to claim 1, wherein the spraying main material is formed by mixing a first material and water, and the first material is one or more of wood fiber, an adhesive, a water retention agent and a coloring agent.

9. The grass seed spray-seeding method according to claim 8, wherein the first material is wood fiber, and the ratio of the first material to water in the spray-seeding main material is in the range of 1:30 to 1: 20.

10. The grass seed spray-seeding method according to claim 8, wherein the amount of the water retaining agent is from 5 grams per square meter to 7 grams per square meter.