CN112400254A - 用于可再充电电池的隔板和包括该隔板的可再充电锂电池 - Google Patents
用于可再充电电池的隔板和包括该隔板的可再充电锂电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112400254A CN112400254A CN201980045777.0A CN201980045777A CN112400254A CN 112400254 A CN112400254 A CN 112400254A CN 201980045777 A CN201980045777 A CN 201980045777A CN 112400254 A CN112400254 A CN 112400254A
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Abstract
提供了用于可再充电电池的隔板,其包括多孔基板和位于多孔基板的至少一个表面上的涂层。涂层包括粘合剂和填料,粘合剂包括氟类粘合剂和(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂。氟类粘合剂包括:衍生自偏二氟乙烯的第一结构单元;和衍生自六氟丙烯单体、氯三氟乙烯单体、三氟乙烯单体、四氟乙烯单体和乙烯单体中的至少一种单体的第二结构单元,其中基于氟类粘合剂包括10wt%或更少的第二结构单元。氟类粘合剂包括重均分子量为800,000至1,500,000的第一氟类粘合剂和重均分子量为600,000或更小的第二氟类粘合剂。(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂具有5H或更高的铅笔硬度。
Description
技术领域
公开了用于可再充电电池的隔板和包括该隔板的可再充电锂电池。
背景技术
用于电化学电池的隔板是隔开电池中的正极和负极的中间膜,并且持续保持离子导电性以确保电池的充电和放电。用于可再充电电池的隔板需要具有诸如粘合力、耐热性以及耐久性的物理性质。已报道了许多用于改进湿粘合力的技术,湿粘合力为其中电解液被添加到电池的状态下的粘合力。
近年来,在堆叠型的大型电池的情况下,需要干粘合力,干粘合力为其中电解液不被添加到电池的状态下的粘合力。所以,有必要开发一种不仅具有改进的湿粘合力和耐热性而且具有改进的干粘合力的隔板。
发明内容
[技术问题]
提供了具有改进的耐热性、湿粘合力和干粘合力的用于可再充电电池的隔板。
此外,提供了具有改进的耐热性、耐久性、循环寿命特征以及安全性的可再充电锂电池。
[技术方案]
在一个实施方式中,用于可再充电电池的隔板包括多孔基板和在多孔基板的至少一个表面上的涂层,其中涂层包括粘合剂和填料,粘合剂包括氟类粘合剂和(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂,
氟类粘合剂包括衍生自偏二氟乙烯的第一结构单元和衍生自六氟丙烯、氯三氟乙烯、三氟乙烯、四氟乙烯和乙烯单体中的至少一种单体的第二结构单元,并且基于氟类粘合剂,包括10wt%或更少的第二结构单元,
氟类粘合剂包括重均分子量为800,000至1,500,000的第一氟类粘合剂和重均分子量小于或等于600,000的第二氟类粘合剂,并且
(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂具有5H或更高的铅笔硬度。
在另一实施方式中,可再充电锂电池包括正极、负极以及正极和负极之间的用于可再充电电池的隔板。
[有益效果]
用于可再充电电池的隔板具有改进的耐热性、湿粘合力和干粘合力,并且包括该隔板的可再充电锂电池具有改进的诸如耐热性、耐久性、循环寿命特征以及稳定性的性质。
附图说明
图1是示出根据一个实施方式的用于可再充电电池的隔板的视图。
图2是示出根据一个实施方式的可再充电锂电池的分解透视图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,详细描述了本发明的实施方式。然而,这些实施方式是示例性的,本发明并不限于此且本发明由权利要求的范围限定。
在下文中,描述了根据实施方式的用于可再充电电池的隔板。图1是示出根据一个实施方式的用于可再充电电池的隔板的视图。参考图1,根据一个实施方式的用于可再充电电池的隔板10包括多孔基板20和布置在多孔基板20的一个表面或两个表面上的涂层30。
多孔基板20可具有多个孔且可通常是用于电化学装置中的多孔基板。多孔基板20的非限制性示例可以是由选自以下中的聚合物形成的聚合物膜:聚烯烃,比如聚乙烯、聚丙烯等;聚酯,比如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯等;聚缩醛;聚酰胺;聚酰亚胺;聚碳酸酯;聚醚醚酮;聚芳醚酮;聚醚酰亚胺;聚酰胺酰亚胺;聚苯并咪唑;聚醚砜;聚苯醚;环烯烃共聚物;聚苯硫醚;聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯;玻璃纤维;特氟龙;以及聚四氟乙烯;或两种或多种的混合物。
多孔基板20可以是例如聚烯烃类基板,并且由于其改进的关闭(shut-down)功能,聚烯烃类基板可改进电池的安全性。聚烯烃类基板可以例如选自聚乙烯单膜、聚丙烯单膜、聚乙烯/聚丙烯双模、聚丙烯/聚乙烯/聚丙烯三膜以及聚乙烯/聚丙烯/聚乙烯三膜。此外,除烯烃树脂之外,聚烯烃类树脂可包括非烯烃树脂或烯烃和非烯烃单体的共聚物。
多孔基板20可以具有约1μm至40μm的厚度,例如1μm至30μm、1μm至20μm、5μm至15μm或5μm至10μm。
涂层30包括粘合剂和填料。
粘合剂可以起将填料固定在多孔基板20上的作用,并且同时将粘合力赋予涂层30的一个表面上的多孔基板20和其另一表面上的电极。
粘合剂包括氟类粘合剂和(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂。
氟类粘合剂可包括衍生自偏二氟乙烯的第一结构单元和衍生自六氟丙烯、氯三氟乙烯、三氟乙烯、四氟乙烯和乙烯单体中的至少一种单体的第二结构单元。
氟类粘合剂可为各种形式,比如,其中结构单元被交替分布的交替聚合物、其中结构单元被随机分布的无规聚合物或其中一些结构单元被接枝的接枝聚合物。此外,氟类粘合剂可以是直链聚合物、支链聚合物或其混合物。
基于氟类粘合剂,可以以90wt%至99.5wt%的量,例如,93wt%至99wt%或95wt%至99wt%的量包括第一结构单元。当在上述范围内包括第一结构单元时,氟类粘合剂可以确保改进的粘合力和电解液的注入。
基于氟类粘合剂,可以以大于0wt%且小于或等于10wt%的量包括第二结构单元,在该范围内,0.5wt%至10wt%,1wt%至10wt%,1wt%至9wt%,2wt%至7wt%,或4wt%至6wt%。在上述范围内的范围包括第二结构单元时,氟类粘合剂可表现出改进的在低沸点溶液中的溶解度、确保化学稳定性、以及表现出改进的粘合力。相应地,因为涂层是在没有单独的附加处理的情况下使用低沸点溶剂形成的,所以可以防止由于使用高沸点溶剂可能不可避免地发生的空气渗透性的降低。
低沸点溶剂可以是例如具有低于或等于约80℃的沸点的溶剂,且可以是例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、乙基异丁基酮、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲醛、环己烷或其混合溶剂,但并不限于此。例如,氟类粘合剂可以在具有低于或等于80℃的沸点的溶剂中在40℃具有小于或等于约20的溶解度。
氟类粘合剂可进一步包括衍生自具有至少一个羟基的单体的第三结构单元。进一步包括第三结构单元的氟类粘合剂可表现出改进的粘合力。
基于氟类粘合剂,可以以小于或等于10wt%的量包括第三结构单元,例如,0.5wt%至7wt%,0.5wt%至5wt%,或1wt%至3wt%。在上述范围内包括第三结构单元时,氟类粘合剂可表现出改进的粘合力,并且包括第三结构单元的涂层30可表现出改进的粘合力、耐久性以及空气渗透性。
在一个实施方式中,当氟类粘合剂进一步包括第三结构单元时,基于氟类粘合剂,可以以80wt%至99wt%的量包括第一结构单元,可以以0.5wt%至10wt%的量包括第二结构单元,并且,可以以0.5wt%至10wt%的量包括第三结构单元。
具有至少一个羟基的单体可以是特定的例如包括至少一个羟基和至少一个碳-碳双键的单体。例如,具有至少一个羟基的单体可以是具有羟基和丙烯酰基的单体,并且可以例如是具有羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸或(甲基)丙烯酸酯的衍生物。作为另一个示例,具有至少一个羟基的单体可以是具有两个或多个羧基和碳-碳双键的单体,并且例如可以是衣康酸或其衍生物或者马来酸或其衍生物。作为另一个示例,具有至少一个羟基的单体可以是具有羟基和烯丙基的单体,并且例如可以是羟基烷烃烯丙基醚。此外,具有至少一个羟基的单体可以是具有磷酸基和(甲基)丙烯酰基的单体,或具有硫酸基和(甲基)丙烯酰基的单体。
(甲基)丙烯酸指的是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸,并且可以是被卤素元素取代的(甲基)丙烯酸,比如三氯丙烯酸,并且(甲基)丙烯酸酯指的是丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。
具有羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的衍生物可以是例如羟烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、羧烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基烷基琥珀酸、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基烷基邻苯二甲酸、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基烷氧基羟基苯甲酮、羟基苯氧基烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甘油单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚亚烷基二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯或羟烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺。
这里,烷基可以是C1至C30烷基,例如,C1至C20烷基、C1至C10烷基或C1至C5烷基。亚烷基可以是例如C1至C30亚烷基、C1至C20亚烷基、C1至C10亚烷基或C1至C5亚烷基。烷氧基可以是C1至C30烷氧基,例如,C1至C20烷氧基、C1至C10烷氧基或C1至C5烷氧基。芳基可以是例如C6至C30芳基、C6至C20芳基或C6至C10芳基。
羟烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯可以是例如羟甲基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、羟乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、羟丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、羟丁基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、羟戊基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、羟己基(甲基)丙烯酸酯等,并且其链可以被卤素元素取代。
羧烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯可以是例如羧甲基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、羧乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、羧丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、羧丁基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、羧戊基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、羧己基(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
(甲基)丙烯酰氧基烷基琥珀酸可以是例如(甲基)丙烯酰氧基甲基琥珀酸、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基乙基琥珀酸、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基琥珀酸等,并且(甲基)丙烯酰氧基烷基邻苯二甲酸可以是例如(甲基)丙烯酰氧基甲基邻苯二甲酸、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基乙基邻苯二甲酸、(甲基)丙烯酰氧基丙基邻苯二甲酸等。
(甲基)丙烯酰氧基烷氧基羟基苯甲酮可以是例如4-(2-丙烯酰氧基乙氧基)-2-羟基苯甲酮。
聚亚烷基二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯可以是例如聚乙二醇单甲基丙烯酸酯,并且羟烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺可以是例如N-(2-羟丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺。
具有至少一个羟基的单体可以是例如具有两个或多个羧基的单体,比如衣康酸和马来酸。在这种情况下,单体可以是其衍生物或羧酐形式。马来酸衍生物的羧酐的示例可包括3-甲基-2,5-呋喃二酮、3-乙基-2,5-呋喃二酮、3-丙基-2,5-呋喃二酮、3-丁基-2,5-呋喃二酮、3-戊基-2,5-呋喃二酮、3-己基-2,5-呋喃二酮、3-庚基-2,5-呋喃二酮、3-辛基-2,5-呋喃二酮等。
具有至少一个羟基的单体可以是例如包括羟基和烯丙基的单体,并且可以是例如羟基烷烃烯丙基醚,并且特别是羟基烷烃单烯丙基醚、羟基烷烃二烯丙基醚或羟基聚烷氧基烯丙基醚。作为另一个示例,具有至少一个羟基的单体可以是具有磷酸基和丙烯酸基的单体,比如,磷酸单丙烯酰氧基乙基酯、磷酸双(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基)酯,或者具有硫酸基和丙烯酸基的单体,比如2-磺基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、3-磺基丙基甲基丙烯酸酯等。
当氟类粘合剂进一步包括第三机构单元时,可以以与第三结构单元相同的量或以大于第三结构单元的量来包括第二结构单元。例如,共聚物可以以例如约1:1至4:1或2:1至4:1的重量比来包括第二结构单元和第三结构单元,并且在这种情况下,涂层的粘合力和空气渗透性可以被改善。
氟类粘合剂可以通过诸如乳液聚合、悬浮聚合、块状聚合(massivepolymerization)、溶液聚合或本体聚合的各种已知方法来制备,并且例如,其可以通过悬浮聚合或乳液聚合来制备。
氟类粘合剂包括具有不同重均分子量的第一氟类粘合剂和第二氟类粘合剂。第一氟类粘合剂的重均分子量可以是800,000至1,500,000,以及在以上范围内的800,000至1,300,000、或900,000至1,200,000。当第一氟类粘合剂具有以上范围内的重均分子量时,粘合力可被改进。重均分子量可以是通过凝胶渗透色谱分析法测量的聚苯乙烯换算后的平均分子量。
第一氟类粘合剂可以具有35%至45%,例如38%至45%或40%至45%的结晶度。在这种情况下,第一氟类粘合剂可以显现出改进的粘合力。第一氟类粘合剂的结晶度高于第二氟类粘合剂的结晶度。
第二氟类粘合剂可以具有小于或等于600,000的重均分子量,在该范围内的大于或等于500、大于或等于1,000、大于或等于10,000、或大于或等于100,000、以及小于或等于550,000或小于或等于500,000。第二氟类粘合剂可具有例如大于或等于100,000且小于600,000、或大于或等于200,000且小于600,000、或300,000至500,000、或350,000至500,000的重均分子量。当第二氟类粘合剂具有以上范围内的重均分子量时,包括第二氟类粘合剂的涂层30可表现出改进的湿粘合力和干粘合力。重均分子量可以是通过凝胶渗透色谱法测量的聚苯乙烯换算后的平均分子量。
第二氟类粘合剂可具有35%至45%,例如35%至40%或35%至37%的结晶度。当第二氟类粘合剂具有以上范围内的结晶度时,包括第二氟类粘合剂的涂层30可表现出改进的干粘合力。第二氟类粘合剂的结晶度可以低于第一氟类粘合剂的结晶度,并且第一氟类粘合剂和第二氟类粘合剂之间的结晶度的差可以是3%至10%。此外,第二氟类粘合剂可以是比第一氟类粘合剂具有更多支链的聚合物。
第一氟类粘合剂可以是例如基于第一氟类粘合剂和第二氟类粘合剂的总量的10wt%至50wt%的量,例如10wt%至40wt%、20wt%至50wt%或20wt%至40wt%。此外,第二氟类粘合剂可以是例如基于第一氟类粘合剂和第二氟类粘合剂的总量的50wt%至90wt%的量,例如50wt%至80wt%、60wt%至90wt%或60wt%至80wt%。当在上述范围内包括第一氟类粘合剂和第二氟类粘合剂时,用于可再充电电池的隔板10的湿粘合力和干粘合力可同时被改进。
粘合剂可进一步包括具有5H或更大的,例如,6H或更大的铅笔硬度的(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂,与氟类粘合剂一起以改进隔板10的耐热性、粘合力以及热收缩。
(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂包括衍生自具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基或(甲基)丙烯酸基的单体的结构单元。(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂可以包括氨基甲酸乙酯主链和/或芳烃(例如,C6至C30亚芳基或C6至C30杂亚芳基)主链。本文中,杂亚芳基意为包括诸如N、O、S、P或Si的替代亚芳基的碳的杂原子。具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基或(甲基)丙烯酸基的单体可具有5种或更多种,例如,6种或更多种、7种或更多种、或10种或更多种(甲基)丙烯酸酯基或(甲基)丙烯酸基。(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂用于将填料固定在多孔基板20上,并且同时,可提供粘合力以使涂层30很好地粘附到多孔基板20和电极,并且可有助于改善隔板10的耐热性、空气渗透性和抗氧化性。
在衍生自具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基或(甲基)丙烯酸基的单体的结构单元中,(甲基)丙烯酸酯基可以是(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯或其衍生物的共轭碱。
例如,基于(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂的总量,可以以10mol%至70mol%,例如20mol%至60mol%、例如30mol%至60mol%、例如40mol%至55mol%的量包括衍生自具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基或(甲基)丙烯酸基的单体的结构单元。当以上述范围包括衍生自具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基或(甲基)丙烯酸基的单体的结构单元时,(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂提供具有改进的粘合力、耐热性、空气渗透性和抗氧化性的隔板10。
(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂可以通过诸如乳液聚合、悬浮聚合、块状聚合、溶剂聚合或本体聚合的各种已知方法来制备,并且作为示例,其可以通过悬浮聚合或乳液聚合来制备。
(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂可以具有在1,500至30,000范围内的重均分子量,例如,1,800至25,000或1,800至20,000。当(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂具有以上范围内的重均分子量时,包括(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂的涂层30可以具有改进的耐热性。重均分子量可以为通过凝胶渗透色谱法测量的聚苯乙烯换算后的平均分子量。
基于氟类粘合剂和(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂的总量,可以以大于或等于55wt%(大于或等于60wt%、或大于或等于65wt%)且小于或等于80wt%(小于或等于75wt%、或小于或等于70wt%)的量来包括氟类粘合剂。此外,基于氟类粘合剂和(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂的总量,可以以大于或等于20wt%(大于或等于25wt%、或大于或等于30wt%)且小于或等于35wt%(小于或等于40wt%、或小于或等于45wt%)的量包括(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂。当以上述范围包括氟类粘合剂和(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂时,不仅可以改进用于可再充电电池的隔板10的湿粘合力和干粘合力,而且可以显著降低热收缩。
基于涂层30的总量,可以以小于或等于25wt%(例如小于或等于20wt%、小于或等于15wt%、或小于或等于10wt%)且大于或等于1wt%(例如大于或等于2wt%、大于或等于3wt%、大于或等于4wt%、或大于或等于5wt%)的量包括粘合剂。如上所述,通过在降低粘合剂的量的同时一起使用氟类粘合剂和(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂,可提供具有改进的粘合力的用于可再充电电池的隔板10。
涂层30可通过包括填料来改进耐热性,并且可防止隔板由于温度升高而急剧收缩或变形。填料可以是例如无机填料、有机填料、有机/无机填料或其组合。无机填料可以是能够改进耐热性的陶瓷材料,例如,金属氧化物、半金属氧化物、金属氟化物、金属氢氧化物或其组合。无机填料可以是例如Al2O3、SiO2、TiO2、SnO2、CeO2、MgO、NiO、CaO、GaO、ZnO、ZrO2、Y2O3、SrTiO3、BaTiO3、Mg(OH)2、勃姆石或其组合,但不限于此。有机填料可包括丙烯酸化合物、酰亚胺化合物、酰胺化合物或其组合,但不限于此。有机填料可具有核壳结构,但不限于此。
填料可以具有球形、片形、立方形或非晶形形状。填料的平均粒径的范围可以为约1nm至2500nm,该范围内的约100nm至2000nm、或100nm至1000nm,例如约300nm至800nm。填料的平均粒径可以是累积尺寸分布曲线中的体积比为50%的颗粒尺寸(D50)。通过使用具有以上范围内的平均粒径的填料,可以向涂层30赋予合适的强度。可以通过混合两种或多种不同类型的填料或具有不同尺寸的两种或多种填料来使用填料。
基于涂层30的总量,可以以大于或等于75wt%(例如大于或等于80wt%、大于或等于85wt%、或大于或等于90wt%)且小于或等于99wt%(例如小于或等于95wt%、小于或等于96wt%、小于或等于97wt%、或小于或等于98wt%)的量来包括填料。当以上述范围包括填料时,根据实施方式的用于可再充电电池的隔板10可以具有改进的耐热性、耐久性和稳定性。
根据一个实施方式的用于可再充电电池的隔板10通过包括含有前述粘合剂和填料的涂层30,可以表现出改进的耐热性、稳定性、湿粘合力、干粘合力和热收缩。
除粘合剂之外,涂层30可以进一步包括一种或两种或多种附加粘合剂。附加粘合剂可包括交联粘合剂或非交联粘合剂。
交联粘合剂可以从具有能够与热和/或光反应的可固化官能团的单体、低聚物和/或聚合物获得,例如,具有至少两种可固化官能团的多官能单体、多官能低聚物和/或多官能聚合物。可固化官能团可包括乙烯基、环氧基、氧杂环丁烷基、醚基、氰酸酯基、异氰酸酯基、羟基、羧基、巯基、氨基、烷氧基或其组合,但不限于此。
例如,交联粘合剂可以从包括至少两种环氧基的单体、低聚物和/或聚合物获得,例如双酚A二缩水甘油醚、双酚F二缩水甘油醚、六氢邻苯二甲酸缩水甘油酯或其组合。
例如,交联粘合剂可以从包括至少两种异氰酸酯基的单体、低聚物和/或聚合物获得,例如二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,2,4(2,2,4)-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、亚苯基二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、3,3'-二甲基二苯基-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、二甲苯二异氰酸酯、萘二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己基二异氰酸酯或其组合。
交联粘合剂可以是例如聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚环氧乙烷、乙酸纤维素、乙酸丁酸纤维素、乙酸丙酸纤维素、氰乙基支链淀粉、氰乙基聚乙烯醇、氰乙基纤维素、氰乙基蔗糖、支链淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物或其组合,但不限于此。
涂层30可以具有约0.01μm至20μm的厚度,在该范围内的约1μm至10μm或约1μm至5μm。
用于可再充电电池的隔板10可以通过已知的各种方法制造。例如,用于可再充电电池的隔板10可以通过在多孔基板20的一个表面或两个表面上涂覆用于形成涂层的组合物且将其干燥并固化而形成。用于形成涂层的组合物可包括第一氟类粘合剂、第二氟类粘合剂、(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂、填料和溶剂。
溶剂并不特别限制,只要其能够溶解或分散第一氟类粘合剂、第二氟类粘合剂、(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂和填料。溶剂可以是例如具有低于或等于80℃的沸点的低沸点溶剂,并且可以是例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、乙基异丁基酮、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲醛、环己烷或其混合溶剂,但不限于此。
涂覆可以是例如旋涂、浸涂、棒涂、模涂、狭缝涂覆、辊涂、喷墨印刷等,但不限于此。
干燥可以例如通过以下进行:自然干燥,用温空气、热空气或低湿空气干燥,真空干燥,或者远红外线、电子束等的辐射,但本公开不限于此。干燥可以例如在25℃至120℃的温度下来执行。
除以上方法外,用于可再充电电池的隔板10可以通过层压、共挤出等来制造。
在下文中,描述包括用于可再充电电池的隔板的可再充电锂电池。
根据隔板和电解液的种类,可再充电锂电池可被分类成锂离子电池、锂离子聚合物电池和锂聚合物电池。根据形状,其还可以被分类成圆柱形、棱柱形、硬币形、袋形等。此外,取决于尺寸,其可以是堆积(bulk type)型或薄膜型。这些电池的结构和制造方法是所属领域的技术领域中所熟知的。
在本文,作为可再充电锂电池的示例,棱柱形可再充电锂电池用作示例描述。图2是示出根据一个实施方式的可再充电锂电池的分解透视图。参考图2,根据一个实施方式的可再充电锂电池100包括通过在正极40和负极50之间布置隔板10并将它们缠绕而制造的电极组件60,和容纳电极组件60的壳体70。
例如,电极组件60可具有通过缠绕正极40、负极50以及布置在其间的隔板10而形成的果冻卷形状。
正极40、负极50以及隔板10被浸渍在电解质溶液中(未示出)。
正极40包括正极集电体和形成在正极集电体上的正极活性材料层。正极活性材料层包括正极活性材料、粘合剂以及可选的导电材料。
正极集电体可以使用铝、镍等,但不限于此。
正极活性材料可以使用能够嵌入和脱嵌锂的化合物。具体地,可以使用选自钴、锰、镍、铝、铁或其组合的金属与锂的复合氧化物或复合磷酸盐中的至少一种。例如,正极活性材料可以是锂钴氧化物、锂镍氧化物、锂锰氧化物、锂镍钴锰氧化物、锂镍钴铝氧化物、锂铁磷酸盐或其组合。
粘合剂改进正极活性材料颗粒彼此和与集电体的粘合性质,并且特定示例可以是聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、二乙酰纤维素、聚氯乙烯、羧化聚氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、含环氧乙烷的聚合物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、丙烯酸酯化的苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、环氧树脂、尼龙等,但不限于此。这些可被单独或作为两种或多种的混合物来使用。
导电材料改进电极的导电性。其示例可以是天然石墨、人造石墨、炭黑、碳纤维、金属粉末、金属纤维等,但不限于此。这些可被单独或作为两种或多种的混合物来使用。金属粉末和金属纤维可以使用铜、镍、铝、银等的金属。
负极50包括负极集电体和形成在负极集电体上的负极活性材料层。
负极集电体可以使用铜、金、镍、铜、合金等,但不限于此。
负极活性材料层可以包括负极活性材料、粘合剂以及任选的导电材料。负极活性材料可以是可逆地嵌入/脱嵌锂离子的材料、锂金属、锂金属合金、能够掺杂和去掺杂锂的材料、过渡金属氧化物或其组合。
可逆地嵌入/脱嵌锂离子的材料可以是作为任何通用的碳类负极活性材料的碳材料,并且其示例可以是结晶碳、非晶碳或其组合。结晶碳的示例可以是石墨,比如非晶的、片状的、碎片状的、球状的石墨或纤维状天然石墨或人造石墨。非晶碳的示例可以是软碳或硬碳、中间相沥青碳化产物、焦炭等。锂金属合金可以是锂与选自Na、K、Rb、Cs、Fr、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Si、Sb、Pb、In、Zn、Ba、Ra、Ge、Al和Sn中的金属的合金。能够掺杂和去掺杂锂的材料可以是Si、SiOx(0<x<2)、Si-C复合材料、Si-Y合金、Sn、SnO2、Sn-C复合材料、Sn-Y合金等,并且这些中的至少一种可以与SiO2混合。元素Y的特定示例可以选自Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Pb、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、Sn、In、Tl、Ge、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po及其组合。过渡金属氧化物可以是钒氧化物、锂钒氧化物等。
用于负极50的粘合剂和导电材料可以与正极的粘合剂和导电材料相同。
正极40和负极50可以通过以下制造:在溶剂中混合包括每种活性材料和粘合剂的每种活性材料组合物和任选的导电材料,并在每个集电体上涂覆活性材料组合物。在此,溶剂可以是N-甲基吡咯烷酮等,但不限于此。电极制造方法是熟知的,因此在本说明书中不再详细描述。
电解液包括有机溶剂和锂盐。
有机溶剂用作传输离子的介质,参与电池的电化学反应。有机溶剂可以例如是碳酸酯类溶剂、酯类溶剂、醚类溶剂、酮类溶剂、醇类溶剂或非质子溶剂。碳酸酯类溶剂可以是碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、碳酸乙丙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚丁酯等,并且酯类溶剂可以是乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸1,1-二甲基乙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、γ-丁内酯、癸内酯、戊内酯、甲戊内酯、己内酯等。醚类溶剂可以是二丁醚、四甘醇二甲醚、二甘醇二甲醚、二甲氧基乙烷、2-甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃等,并且酮类溶剂可以是环己酮等。醇类溶剂可以是乙醇、异丙醇等,并且非质子溶剂可以是腈类(比如R-CN(R是C2至C20直链、支链、或环状烃基、双键、芳香环、或醚键)等)、酰胺(比如二甲基甲酰胺)、二氧戊环(比如1,3-二氧戊环)、环丁砜等。
有机溶剂可以单独或以两种或多种的混合物来使用,并且当有机溶剂以两种或多种的混合物来使用时,混合比例可以根据需要的电池性能来控制。
锂盐被溶解在有机溶剂中,在电池中供应锂离子,基本地操作可再充电锂电池,并改进其中的正极和负极之间的锂离子传输。锂盐的示例可以包括LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiN(SO3C2F5)2、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiC4F9SO3、LiClO4、LiAlO2、LiAlCl4、LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2)(x和y是自然数)、LiCl、LiI、LiB(C2O4)2或其组合,但不限于此。
锂盐可以以0.1M至2.0M的浓度范围来使用。当以上述范围来包括锂盐时,由于最佳的电解液导电性和粘度,电解液可以具有卓越的性能和锂离子迁移率。
实施方式的详细描述
在下文中,参考实施例更详细地阐释本公开的以上方面。然而,这些实施例是示例性的,且本公开不限于此。
实施例和比较例:隔板和电极组件的制造
实施例1
(1)隔板的制造
将通过悬浮聚合93.5wt%的偏二氟乙烯、5wt%的六氟丙烯以及1.5wt%的丙烯酸制备的重均分子量为1,120,000的第一氟类粘合剂,通过乳液聚合95wt%的偏二氟乙烯和5wt%的六氟丙烯制备的重均分子量为450,000的第二氟类粘合剂,以及铅笔硬度为6H的(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂(重均分子量:20,000,SC2152,Miwon Specialty Chemical Co.,Ltd.)以30:30:40的重量比在丙酮溶剂中混合以制备粘合剂溶液。
将粘合剂溶液和氧化铝填料(ASES-11,Sumitomo Chemical Co.,Ltd.)以1:3的重量比在丙酮溶剂中混合以制备用于形成涂层的组合物。
在12μm厚的聚乙烯基板的两个表面上分别浸涂1.5μm厚的用于形成涂层的组合物(总共3μm厚),然后,在60℃下干燥几秒以制造用于可再充电电池的隔板。
(2)电极组件的制造
将LiCoO2、聚偏二氟乙烯和炭黑以96:2:2的重量比添加到N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂以制备浆料。将该浆料涂覆在铝薄膜上,然后干燥并压缩以制造正极。
将石墨、聚偏二氟乙烯和炭黑以98:1:1的重量比添加到N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂以制备浆料。将该浆料涂覆在铜箔上,然后干燥斌并压缩以制造负极。
在正极和负极之间布置隔板以制造单电池型(堆叠的隔板/负极/隔板/正极)电极组件。
实施例2
除了铅笔硬度为5H的聚合物(重均分子量:1800,PU5000,Miwon SpecialtyChemical Co.,Ltd.)被用作(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂外,用于可再充电电池的隔板和电极组件根据与实施例1相同的方法制造。
实施例3
除了铅笔硬度为6H的聚合物(重均分子量:3900,SC2153,Miwon SpecialtyChemical Co.,Ltd.)被用作(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂外,用于可再充电电池的隔板和电极组件根据与实施例1相同的方法制造。
比较例1
除了铅笔硬度为3B的聚合物(重均分子量:4800,PU2510,Miwon SpecialtyChemical Co.,Ltd.)被用作(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂外,用于可再充电电池的隔板和电极组件根据与实施例1相同的方法制造。
比较例2
除了未使用(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂外,用于可再充电电池的隔板和电极组件根据与实施例1相同的方法制造。
评价例1:热收缩率
根据实施例1至实施例3和比较例1和比较例2的隔板被分别切成8cm×8cm的尺寸以制备样品。在样品的表面上,在画出5cm×5cm的四边形后,每个样品被插入纸之间并允许在150℃的烤箱中放置1小时,并从中取出以测量其上所画的四边形的边并计算水平方向(MD)和竖直方向(TD)上的每个收缩率。结果在表1中示出。
评价例2:粘合力评价
根据实施例1至实施例3和比较例1和比较例2的单电池被切成15mm宽和60mm长以获得样品。每个样品的隔板和负极被隔开,用胶带将离型纸粘附到隔板(粘附到正极)的末端,并且在将隔板(离型纸粘附隔板)与正极隔开约15mm后,将正极固定到下方夹具中,同时被粘附到隔板的离型纸以60mm的夹具间间隔被固定到上方夹具中,然后,拉伸并在180°方向上剥离。本文中,剥离速度为20mm/min,并且对40mm剥离所需的力进行三次测量并取平均值。剥离强度测量结果在表1中示出。
表1
参考表1,根据实施例1至实施例3的使用铅笔硬度为5H或更高的(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂的隔板表现出低热收缩率和改进的粘合力。相反,根据比较例1的使用铅笔硬度为3B的(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂的隔板和根据比较例2的未使用(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂的隔板表现出非常高的热收缩率,并且根据比较例2的未使用(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂的隔板表现出低粘合力。
尽管本发明已结合目前被认为是实际的示例实施方式来描述,将理解,本发明并不限于公开的实施方式,而是相反,其意为覆盖包括在所附的权利要求书的精神和范围内的各种修改和等价布置。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于可再充电电池的隔板,包括:
多孔基板和在所述多孔基板的至少一个表面上的涂层,其中所述涂层包括粘合剂和填料,所述粘合剂包括氟类粘合剂和(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂,
所述氟类粘合剂包括衍生自偏二氟乙烯的第一结构单元和衍生自六氟丙烯单体、氯三氟乙烯单体、三氟乙烯单体、四氟乙烯单体和乙烯单体中的至少一种单体的第二结构单元,并且基于所述氟类粘合剂包括10wt%或更少的所述第二结构单元,
所述氟类粘合剂包括重均分子量为800,000至1,500,000的第一氟类粘合剂和重均分子量小于或等于600,000的第二氟类粘合剂,且
所述(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂具有5H或更高的铅笔硬度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔板,其中所述氟类粘合剂进一步包括衍生自具有至少一个羟基的单体的第三结构单元。
3.根据权利要求2所述的隔板,其中所述具有至少一个羟基的单体是选自(甲基)丙烯酸、具有羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的衍生物、衣康酸或其衍生物、马来酸或其衍生物以及羟烷烯丙基醚中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的隔板,其中基于所述第一氟类粘合剂,以0.5wt%至7wt%的量包括所述第三结构单元。
5.根据权利要求1所述的隔板,其中基于所述第一氟类粘合剂和所述第二氟类粘合剂的总量,以10wt%至50wt%的量包括所述第一氟类粘合剂且以50wt%至90wt%的量包括所述第二氟类粘合剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的隔板,其中所述(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂包括衍生自具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基或(甲基)丙烯酸基的单体的结构单元。
7.根据权利要求1所述的隔板,其中基于所述氟类粘合剂和所述(甲基)丙烯酸类粘合剂的总量,以大于或等于55wt%的量包括所述氟类粘合剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的隔板,其中基于所述涂层,以75wt%至99wt%的量包括所述填料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的隔板,其中所述填料包括Al2O3、SiO2、TiO2、SnO2、CeO2、MgO、NiO、CaO、GaO、ZnO、ZrO2、Y2O3、SrTiO3、BaTiO3、Mg(OH)2、勃姆石或其组合。
10.一种可再充电锂电池,包括:
正极,
负极,以及
所述正极和所述负极之间的根据权利要求1至权利要求9中任一项所述的用于可再充电电池的隔板。
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US20210218109A1 (en) | 2021-07-15 |
CN112400254B (zh) | 2023-02-28 |
KR20190136822A (ko) | 2019-12-10 |
US12087966B2 (en) | 2024-09-10 |
KR102229626B1 (ko) | 2021-03-17 |
WO2019231113A1 (ko) | 2019-12-05 |
EP3806191A1 (en) | 2021-04-14 |
EP3806191A4 (en) | 2022-03-16 |
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