CN112369533A - Composition for reducing trimethylamine in live fish and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composition for reducing trimethylamine in live fish and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112369533A CN112369533A CN202011240962.6A CN202011240962A CN112369533A CN 112369533 A CN112369533 A CN 112369533A CN 202011240962 A CN202011240962 A CN 202011240962A CN 112369533 A CN112369533 A CN 112369533A
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- trimethylamine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/306—Pesticides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
Abstract
The invention relates to a composition for reducing trimethylamine in a live fish body and a preparation method thereof. The composition for reducing trimethylamine in the living fish comprises a biological bacterium component and an enzyme component; the biological bacteria component comprises lactobacillus, nitrobacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, bifidobacterium and lactobacillus acidophilus; the enzyme component comprises alkaline protease and tea polyphenol. The compositions can mutually regulate to form a symbiotic complementary and synergistic relationship, so that stronger cooperative force is exerted to achieve the effect of removing the fishy substances in the fish body in aquaculture; the preparation method only needs to mix all the components, has simple process and easy control, and is beneficial to large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a composition for reducing trimethylamine in a live fish body and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aquatic organisms, especially fish, often emit a characteristic fishy smell. Research shows that the fish body has a mucous gland, the mucus secreted by the gland contains trimethylamine, and the trimethylamine volatilizes into the air at normal temperature to form strong fishy smell.
When people take the fish containing trimethylamine for a long time, the fish can irritate the throat, the esophagus and the like, and people feel uncomfortable.
However, in the existing market, substances capable of reducing trimethylamine in the body of live fish are lacked, so the technical scheme of the invention is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a composition for reducing trimethylamine in a live fish body and a preparation method thereof. The compositions can mutually regulate to form a symbiotic complementary and synergistic relationship, so that stronger cooperative force is exerted to achieve the effect of removing the fishy substances in the fish body in aquaculture; the preparation method only needs to mix all the components, has simple process and easy control, and is beneficial to large-scale production.
The invention provides a composition for reducing trimethylamine in a live fish body, which comprises a biological bacterium component and an enzyme component; the biological bacteria component comprises lactic acid bacteria, nitrobacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and yeast; the enzyme component comprises alkaline protease and tea polyphenol.
Preferably, the biological bacteria component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-35 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 15-30 parts of nitrobacteria, 20-32 parts of photosynthetic bacteria and 18-25 parts of saccharomycetes.
Preferably, the enzyme component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-60 parts of alkaline protease and 50-65 parts of tea polyphenol.
Preferably, the preparation method of the tea polyphenol comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting tea leaves, sequentially cleaning, drying and crushing to obtain tea powder;
(2) mixing tea powder with ethanol, leaching with ultrasonic wave, and filtering to obtain leaching solution;
(3) concentrating the leaching solution, extracting with chloroform, and removing the extract phase to obtain a dissolved phase;
(4) and drying the dissolved phase to obtain the tea polyphenol.
Preferably, in the step (1), the drying is carried out until the water content is less than 10%; and crushing to obtain 50-80 meshes.
Preferably, in the step (2), the weight ratio of the tea powder to the ethanol is 1: 6-10; the concentration of the ethanol is 75-85 wt.%.
Preferably, in the step (2), the ultrasonic power is 100-200W, and the leaching time is 20-30 min.
Preferably, in the step (3), the concentration is carried out until the concentration is 1/4-1/3 of the original volume.
Preferably, in the step (4), the drying temperature is 30-40 ℃.
Based on the same technical concept, the invention also provides a preparation method of the composition for reducing trimethylamine in the body of live fish, which comprises the following steps: mixing the biological bacteria component and the enzyme component, and stirring uniformly.
In the preparation method, the weight ratio of the biological bacteria component to the enzyme component is 40-65: 45-70.
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the relevant materials for the present invention are further described below.
Lactic acid bacteria: the lactobacillus can promote animal growth, regulate normal flora in gastrointestinal tract, maintain microecological balance, improve gastrointestinal tract function, improve food digestibility and biological value, control endotoxin, inhibit putrefying bacteria growth in intestinal tract, improve immunity, and inhibit harmful flora growth. The lactobacillus is lactobacillus acidophilus or bifidobacterium. The effective viable count is 4 multiplied by 108Per gram.
Nitrifying bacteria: the nitrifying bacteria is a treating agent for controlling the concentration of the ammonia produced by the water in the culture pond, is quite convenient to use, can play a role in producing instant effect, can be directly scattered in the pond when in use, and can play a role in removing ammonia in a short time. The nitrifying bacteria comprise nitrosospira and nitrothoracobacter according to the weight ratio of 1: 1. The effective viable count of both is 4.5 × 108Per gram.
Photosynthetic bacteria: can reduce toxic substances such as nitrite, sulfide and the like in the water body, and realize the functions of serving as bait, purifying water quality, preventing diseases, serving as feed additive and the like. The photosynthetic bacteria has strong adaptability, can endure high-concentration organic wastewater, has certain tolerance and decomposition capability on toxic substances such as phenol, cyanogen and the like, and has strong separationAnd (4) the capability of decomposing transformation. Its many characteristics make it have huge using value in the pollution-free aquaculture. The photosynthetic bacteria are one of rhodobacter sphaeroides, rhodobacter capsulatus or rhodopseudomonas glii. The effective viable count is 5 multiplied by 108Per gram.
Yeast: the yeast selected by the invention is candida or kluyveromyces fragilis, which has no fermentation capacity and leads the cell to be in a death state. The saccharomycete contains rich protein (about 30-40%), vitamin B, amino acid and other matters, and can promote fish's growth, shorten breeding period, increase meat and egg yield, improve meat quality and strengthen disease resistance.
Alkaline protease: can promote the degradation of environmental pollutants and keep the health of water.
Tea polyphenol: tea polyphenol is a natural antioxidant, has remarkable antioxidant effect, can eliminate excessive free radicals, protect the structure of cell membranes, slow down aging and maintain the quality of fish meat. In addition, tea polyphenols can regulate immunity, and prevent fish diseases.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the composition for reducing trimethylamine in the live fish body can improve the water environment from the outside, reduce the trimethylamine in the fish body and reduce fishy smell, thereby improving the overall quality of fish, and specifically comprises the following components: the added photosynthetic bacteria and nitrobacteria can directly reduce the residues of organophosphorus pesticide and chlorine pesticide in the water body environment and the content of ammonia nitrogen harmful substances, purify the external environment and reduce the generation of water body odor; the lactobacillus and the saccharomycetes can enrich the flora variety in the water environment, improve the flora variety, improve the digestion system of fish school, increase the intake of fish school protein and improve the fish meat quality; the alkaline protease can promote the degradation of environmental pollutants, keep the health of water body free from peculiar smell, and the oxidation resistance of the tea polyphenol can protect the structure of cell membranes, slow down aging and keep the fish quality. In conclusion, the biological bacteria component and the enzyme component are mutually regulated to form a symbiotic complementary and synergistic relationship, so that a stronger cooperative force is exerted to achieve the effect of removing the fishy substances in the fish body in aquaculture.
2. The preparation method of the composition for reducing trimethylamine in the live fish body only needs to mix the components, has simple process and easy control, and is beneficial to large-scale production.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a composition for reducing trimethylamine in a live fish body, which comprises the following steps:
(I) preparing tea polyphenol:
(1) selecting green tea leaves, cleaning for 3 times, drying until the water content is 9%, and finally crushing and screening by a 50-mesh screen to obtain tea powder;
(2) mixing tea powder with 75 wt.% ethanol at a weight ratio of 1:6, leaching with 100W ultrasonic wave for 20min, and filtering to obtain leaching solution;
(3) rotatably evaporating the leaching solution under vacuum condition, concentrating to 1/4 of original volume, extracting with chloroform, and discarding the extract phase to obtain a dissolved phase;
(4) drying the dissolved phase at 30 deg.C under air blast condition to obtain tea polyphenols.
(II) preparing a composition for reducing trimethylamine in live fish:
(i) uniformly mixing 22g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 15g of nitrobacteria, 20g of rhodobacter sphaeroides and 18g of candida to obtain a biological bacteria component;
(ii) uniformly mixing 45g of alkaline protease and 50g of tea polyphenol to obtain an enzyme component;
(iii) and mixing 40g of biological bacteria component and 45g of enzyme component to obtain the composition for reducing trimethylamine in the body of the live fish.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a composition for reducing trimethylamine in a live fish body, which comprises the following steps:
(I) preparing tea polyphenol:
(1) selecting green tea leaves, cleaning for 2 times, drying until the water content is 8%, and finally crushing and screening by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain tea powder;
(2) mixing tea powder with 85 wt.% ethanol at a weight ratio of 1:10, leaching with 200W ultrasonic wave for 30min, and filtering to obtain leaching solution;
(3) rotatably evaporating the leaching solution under vacuum condition, concentrating to 1/3 of original volume, extracting with chloroform, and discarding the extract phase to obtain a dissolved phase;
(4) drying the dissolved phase at 40 deg.C under air blast condition to obtain tea polyphenols.
(II) preparing a composition for reducing trimethylamine in live fish:
(i) uniformly mixing 35g of bifidobacterium, 30g of nitrobacteria, 32g of rhodobacter capsulatus and 25g of kluyveromyces fragilis to obtain a biological bacteria component;
(ii) uniformly mixing 60g of alkaline protease and 65g of tea polyphenol to obtain an enzyme component;
(iii) and mixing 65g of biological bacteria component and 70g of enzyme component to obtain the composition for reducing trimethylamine in the body of the live fish.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a composition for reducing trimethylamine in a live fish body, which comprises the following steps:
(I) preparing tea polyphenol:
(1) selecting green tea leaves, cleaning for 4 times, drying until the water content is 7%, and finally crushing and screening by using a 65-mesh screen to obtain tea powder;
(2) mixing tea powder with 80 wt.% ethanol at a weight ratio of 1:8, leaching with 150W ultrasonic wave for 25min, and filtering to obtain leaching solution;
(3) rotatably evaporating the leaching solution under vacuum condition, concentrating to 1/3 of original volume, extracting with chloroform, and discarding the extract phase to obtain a dissolved phase;
(4) drying the dissolved phase at 35 deg.C under air blast condition to obtain tea polyphenols.
(II) preparing a composition for reducing trimethylamine in live fish:
(i) uniformly mixing 28g of bifidobacterium, 22g of nitrobacteria, 26g of rhodopseudomonas gliosa and 21g of kluyveromyces fragilis to obtain a biological bacteria component;
(ii) uniformly mixing 52g of alkaline protease and 57g of tea polyphenol to obtain an enzyme component;
(iii) and mixing 52g of biological bacteria component and 57g of enzyme component to obtain the composition for reducing trimethylamine in the body of the live fish.
In order to show the effect of the composition for reducing trimethylamine in the live fish, the composition for reducing trimethylamine in the live fish obtained in the embodiment 1 to 3 and similar products sold in the market are taken, added into fish ponds respectively in the process of feeding the live fish, and the trimethylamine in the fish is detected after the feeding period is finished.
Sample treatment: taking fish meat, putting into a mortar, grinding, adding 20ml of water, and grinding uniformly; adding 40ml of 10% trichloroacid, continuously stirring and extracting for 1h, precipitating and filtering; the residue was extracted with 5% trichloroacetic acid and filtered, and the combined filtrates were made to 100 ml.
And (3) sample determination: accurately adding 2ml of trichloroacetic acid extracting solution and 4ml of n-heptane into a 20ml test tube with a plug, then adding 2ml of 50% KOH solution, and immediately covering the plug; heating in 55 deg.C constant temperature water bath for 5min, and shaking vigorously for 2 min; standing for 10min, after the n-heptane layer is clarified, taking 50 μ l of clarified liquid, injecting into a gas chromatographic column with a micro-injection syringe, and calculating peak area. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results
As can be seen from Table 1, the composition for reducing trimethylamine in live fish obtained in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention can effectively reduce the trimethylamine content in fish, and the effect is obviously superior to that of similar products sold in the market.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A composition for reducing trimethylamine in a live fish body, which comprises a biological bacteria component and an enzyme component; the biological bacteria component comprises lactic acid bacteria, nitrobacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and yeast; the enzyme component comprises alkaline protease and tea polyphenol.
2. The composition for reducing trimethylamine in the bodies of live fish according to claim 1, wherein the biological bacteria component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-35 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 15-30 parts of nitrobacteria, 20-32 parts of photosynthetic bacteria and 18-25 parts of saccharomycetes.
3. The composition for reducing trimethylamine in living fish according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-60 parts of alkaline protease and 50-65 parts of tea polyphenol.
4. The composition for reducing trimethylamine in live fish according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the preparation method of the tea polyphenol comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting tea leaves, sequentially cleaning, drying and crushing to obtain tea powder;
(2) mixing tea powder with ethanol, leaching with ultrasonic wave, and filtering to obtain leaching solution;
(3) concentrating the leaching solution, extracting with chloroform, and removing the extract phase to obtain a dissolved phase;
(4) and drying the dissolved phase to obtain the tea polyphenol.
5. The composition for reducing trimethylamine in living fish according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the water content is dried to less than 10%; and crushing to obtain 50-80 meshes.
6. The composition for reducing trimethylamine in live fish according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the weight ratio of the tea powder to the ethanol is 1: 6-10; the concentration of the ethanol is 75-85 wt.%.
7. The composition for reducing trimethylamine in living fish according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the ultrasonic power is 100 to 200W, and the leaching time is 20 to 30 min.
8. The composition for reducing trimethylamine in living fish according to claim 4, wherein the concentration is carried out to 1/4 to 1/3 of the original volume in the step (3).
9. The composition for reducing trimethylamine in living fish according to claim 4, wherein the drying temperature in the step (4) is 30 to 40 ℃.
10. The method for preparing a composition for reducing trimethylamine in living fish according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the biological bacteria component and the enzyme component are mixed and then stirred uniformly.
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