CN115176874B - Feed additive and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Feed additive and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115176874B CN115176874B CN202210813933.7A CN202210813933A CN115176874B CN 115176874 B CN115176874 B CN 115176874B CN 202210813933 A CN202210813933 A CN 202210813933A CN 115176874 B CN115176874 B CN 115176874B
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- chinese medicine
- traditional chinese
- fermentation
- feed
- feed additive
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P1/00—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes
- C12P1/02—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes by using fungi
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P1/00—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes
- C12P1/04—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes by using bacteria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a feed additive, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fermented feeds. The feed additive comprises the following raw materials: comprises the following components, by mass, 42.8-55.5% of compound traditional Chinese medicine powder, 10-28.5% of sanguisorba, and 22-42.8% of black beans; b: needle mushroom powder; c: the fermentation strain is ganoderma lucidum, cordyceps militaris and bacillus natto; the mass ratio of the raw material a to the raw material b is 50-90: 10 to 50 percent. The invention takes the compound traditional Chinese medicine powder and the flammulina velutipes powder as a culture medium, and carries out fermentation by a plurality of strains, the combination fermentation of the strains can give consideration to the common increase of a plurality of beneficial components, and the fermentation product contains a plurality of easily absorbed small molecular peptides which are multiplied by a plurality of times compared with the original traditional Chinese medicine and single fungus, thereby promoting the absorption of amino acid and the synthesis of protein of animal bodies, accelerating the repair of tissues and promoting the metabolism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fermented feed, in particular to a feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Pigs have been raised as domestic animals for a period of almost every ten thousand years, and today have been shifted from traditional small-scale farming modes (home free-range, stocking modes) to intensive, large-scale modern industrial farms. The cultivation scale is large, the cultivation is very short, tens of thousands of times and hundreds of thousands of times, but the intensive cultivation is over-high in cultivation density in unit area, so that the problem of cross infection of diseases is increasingly serious. In order to combat pathogenic bacteria, a large amount of antibiotics, chemical disinfectants, even pesticides, hormones and other substances have to be used, so that chemical residues such as antibiotics in pork are increasingly serious, and serious threat is brought to human food safety. Solutions to this problem are being sought from the country and even throughout the industry. The mode is selectively switched back to the small-scale cultivation mode, but more on a large scale, the improvement scheme is researched, for example, the drug stopping period is regulated before the column is out. The national regulation has not allowed feed manufacturers to add antibiotics to feed since 7 months and 1 day in 2020, and experts have already developed research on green feed additives to replace antibiotics. The most interesting novel feed additives at present are microecological preparations, enzyme preparations and Chinese herbal medicine feed additives. The three green feed additives can not completely achieve the application effect of feed antibiotics when used alone, but only the Chinese herbal medicine feed additives have huge potential. The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive has the unique advantages of promoting the growth of livestock and poultry and health care, along with small toxic and side effects, no residue, no drug resistance and the like, but most of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additives currently seen are huge or compound, the variety of Chinese herbal medicine reaches tens of kinds, the actual operation is complicated, and the price is high; or one herb with single efficacy. If the active ingredient is extracted by a new process, it is expensive. There is also a problem of absorptivity, which is limited in practical application; under the existing feed level and the existing breeding technology, a great amount of feces and urine are produced by pigs in the breeding process, and the taste is very strong; the excrement contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic pollutants and the like, and a large amount of harmful gases such as ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, skatole, methane and the like are generated after fermentation, so that the gases not only damage the ecological environment, but also directly influence the health of human beings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a feed additive comprises the following raw materials: comprises the following components, by mass, 42.8-55.5% of compound traditional Chinese medicine powder, 10-28.5% of sanguisorba, and 22-42.8% of black beans; b: needle mushroom powder; c: the fermentation strain is ganoderma lucidum, cordyceps militaris and bacillus natto; the mass ratio of the raw material a to the raw material b is 50-90: 10 to 50 percent.
The invention takes the compound traditional Chinese medicine powder and the flammulina velutipes powder as a culture medium, and carries out fermentation by a plurality of strains, the combination fermentation of the strains can give consideration to the common increase of a plurality of beneficial components, and the fermentation product contains a plurality of easily absorbed small molecular peptides which are multiplied by a plurality of times compared with the original traditional Chinese medicine and single fungus, thereby promoting the absorption of amino acid and the synthesis of protein of animal bodies, accelerating the repair of tissues and promoting the metabolism.
The flammulina velutipes contains sugar mainly containing trehalose, has certain viscosity, has high fiber content, can increase gastrointestinal motility, promote digestion and absorption, and is helpful for preventing constipation to a certain extent; the flammulina velutipes can effectively enhance the biological activity of organisms, promote metabolism in vivo and help the absorption and utilization of various nutrients in foods; the needle mushroom contains various amino acids and minerals, and can promote intelligence and brain, and promote development. Based on experimental study, the inventor integrates the rhizoma atractylodis and garden burnet decoction and the rhizoma atractylodis and black bean drink into a whole, invents the compound traditional Chinese medicine powder, has the effects of strengthening spleen, eliminating dampness, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, and mainly treats spleen suffering from dampness and bloody dysentery; the rhizoma atractylodis black bean drink has the effects of strengthening spleen and tonifying kidney, dispelling wind-damp and strengthening tendons and bones, and is mainly used for treating arthralgia. The feed additive containing the compound traditional Chinese medicine powder is added into pig feed, so that the quality of pork can be improved, the problem of residues of toxic and harmful substances such as antibiotics and the like in pigs can be solved, the pungent smell of pig excreta is further reduced, and the pig excreta can be directly used as an organic fertilizer.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing the feed additive, comprising the following steps:
preparation of the culture medium: uniformly mixing the compound traditional Chinese medicine powder, the flammulina velutipes powder and water according to the mass ratio, and sterilizing to obtain a culture medium;
fermentation: inoculating glossy ganoderma bacteria serving as an inoculating strain on a culture medium at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, and fermenting for 8-20 days at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain a material 1; under the condition of room temperature, taking Cordyceps militaris as an inoculation strain, performing second inoculation on the material 1, and continuing fermentation for 10-20 days to obtain a material 2; and under the condition of room temperature, bacillus natto is used as an inoculation strain, the material 2 is inoculated for the third time, and fermentation is continued for 2 to 3 days, so that the feed additive is obtained.
According to the invention, different strains are inoculated separately for fermentation, so that not only is the growth speed of the different strains different, but also the conversion metabolite of the base material is utilized by the different strains, and the thallus of the last inoculated strain is one of nutrients of the next inoculated strain; the cordyceps militaris mycelium can secrete hydrolytic enzymes such as chitinase, protease and the like in the growth process, and the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, mycelium and spore powder are subjected to fermentation wall breaking, so that the wall breaking effect is good, the active ingredients of ganoderma lucidum can be reserved to the maximum extent, meanwhile, active substances such as cordyceps polysaccharide, cordycepic acid and cordycepin can be produced through fermentation, and the active substances are organically combined with ganoderma lucidum, so that the effects of synergistic strengthening are achieved, and the effects of complementation in effect, superposition of effects and richer nutrition are achieved;
bacillus natto is beneficial bacteria with acid resistance and heat resistance, and has the growth temperature of 45-55deg.C and 5-20deg.C, and spore heat resistance. The compound preparation has good environmental tolerance, has 100 percent of survival rate in four hours under gastric acid, has strong pathogenic bacteria inhibition capability, can directly reach one of the strains of the small intestine, can change the intestinal tract bacterial cluster state after being orally taken, and helps the digestive tract function to be normalized, so that defecation is smooth, and physiological environmental protection in the body is maintained. Can produce acid, regulate intestinal flora, enhance animal cell immunity, and generate various proteases (especially alkaline protease), saccharifying enzyme, lipase and amylase, and degrade complex carbohydrates in plant feed, thereby improving feed conversion rate;
in addition, the bacillus natto can further degrade and convert the residual nutrients in the base material, and the enzyme system of the bacillus natto can also decompose the physiological structures of cordyceps militaris mycelia and ganoderma mycelia to a certain extent; the fermentation method can fully release effective active substances in the Chinese herbal medicine formula serving as a culture medium, enhance the drug effect, achieve the effect of half the drug effect and further reduce the cost.
Preferably, the water content of the culture medium is 55% -65%.
The water content of the culture medium is one of key factors influencing fermentation, the water content is too low, the absorption and the utilization of nutrient substances by hyphae are influenced, the vitality is reduced, and the hyphae grow thinly; too high water content results in poor air permeability and insufficient oxygen, so that the growth and development of hyphae are inhibited and even die; therefore, the inventor selects the water content of the culture medium to be 55-65%.
Preferably, the step of sterilizing is: sterilizing the culture medium at 98-105 deg.c and normal pressure for 6-8 hr.
Preferably, the first inoculation is performed in an inoculum size of 1 to 5%.
Preferably, the second inoculation is performed in an inoculum size of 1 to 5%.
Preferably, the inoculation amount of the third inoculation is 2-8%.
The inoculation amount is determined by the growth and propagation speed of the production strains in the fermentation tank, and the adoption of the larger inoculation amount can shorten the time for mycelium propagation in the fermentation tank to reach a peak, so that the formation of products comes in advance, and the growth opportunity of mixed bacteria can be reduced. However, too large or too small an inoculum size may affect fermentation. Too large can cause insufficient dissolved oxygen to affect the synthesis of products; too much metabolic waste can be moved into the reactor, and the reactor is uneconomical; too small may lengthen the cultivation time and reduce the productivity of the fermenter. The inventor has found through experimental study that under the inoculation amount, the obtained feed additive can better play a role, improve the growth speed of pigs, improve the quality of pork, reduce the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of pig manure and reduce the pungent smell.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides application of the feed additive in preparation of traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed.
In a fourth aspect, the invention also provides a traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed, which contains the feed additive.
The traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed for pig cultivation has the advantages of good pig hair color, no disease, high lean meat percentage, delicious meat quality, high content of ganoderan and Cordyceps polysaccharide in muscle, no residue of toxic and harmful chemical substances such as antibiotics, high growth speed and low cultivation cost.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed, which comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the feed additive, the basic feed and the water, and fermenting the obtained mixture at room temperature to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed.
The invention can judge whether the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed is successfully fermented according to the taste of the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed, and the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed generates sour and sweet taste, which indicates that the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed is successfully fermented. In winter and spring with temperature lower than 20deg.C, the fermentation time is adjusted according to the taste of the fermented pig feed.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed has simple operation steps and can realize industrialized mass production.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the feed additive to the basic feed is 2-10:100.
By adjusting the mass ratio of the feed additive to the basic feed, the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed with better effect can be obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention takes the compound traditional Chinese medicine powder and the flammulina velutipes powder as a culture medium, and carries out fermentation by a plurality of strains, the combination fermentation of the strains can give consideration to the common increase of a plurality of beneficial components, and the fermentation product contains a plurality of easily absorbed small molecular peptides which are multiplied by a plurality of times compared with the original traditional Chinese medicine and single fungus, thereby promoting the absorption of amino acid and the synthesis of protein of animal bodies, accelerating the repair of tissues and promoting the metabolism.
(2) The traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed disclosed by the invention is used for raising pigs, so that the growth speed of pigs can be improved, the pork quality can be improved, harmful substances such as antibiotics remained in the bodies of the pigs can be solved, and the food safety problem can be solved.
(3) The traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed is used for raising pigs, has no pungent smell in pig manure, is low in nitrogen and phosphorus and rich in microbial flora, and can be directly used as an organic fertilizer; meanwhile, the pig manure is alkaline, so that the generation of acidified hardened soil in the process of using the organic fertilizer can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the content of skatole and androstenone in pork and pork liver;
FIG. 2 is a graph of trace element content in pork;
FIG. 3 is a graph of protein content in pork and pork liver.
Detailed Description
For a better description of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings.
The water used in the invention is deionized water;
the commercial pig feed used in the invention is a concentrated feed for the sea dragon king 8030 suckling pigs, and is purchased from a sea group.
The preparation method of the flammulina velutipes powder comprises the following steps: cleaning needle mushroom, oven drying or sun drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain needle mushroom powder.
In the invention, the rhizoma atractylodis, the black beans, the sanguisorba officinalis and the flammulina velutipes all need to be pretreated; the pretreatment steps of the rhizoma atractylodis are as follows: removing black skin of rhizoma Atractylodis, soaking swill for seven days, mashing, parching the obtained coarse powder to yellow for use; the pretreatment steps of the garden burnet are as follows: cleaning radix Sanguisorbae, parching to black; the pretreatment steps of the black beans are as follows: cleaning semen Sojae Atricolor, parching for 1 hr.
In the invention, ganoderma lucidum, cordyceps militaris and bacillus natto are purchased from the microbiological institute of Guangdong province.
The preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum fermentation strain comprises the following steps: inoculating Ganoderma to strain activated liquid culture medium, and culturing at 25deg.C and pH of 5.7 for 6 days; wherein, the activated liquid culture medium comprises the following raw materials by weight percent: peptone 0.2%, wheat bran 1%, glucose 1%, maltose 1%, yeast extract 0.1%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%, cicada pollen 1%, and water in balance.
The preparation method of the cordyceps militaris fermentation strain comprises the following steps: inoculating Cordyceps militaris to strain-activated liquid culture medium, and culturing at 25deg.C and pH of 7 for 8 days; wherein, the activated liquid culture medium comprises the following raw materials by weight percent: 1% of peptone, 2% of glucose, 2% of maltose, 0.1% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% of magnesium sulfate, 0.2% of egg yolk, 20ml of vitamin B1 solution and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the bacillus natto fermentation strain comprises the following steps: inoculating Cordyceps militaris to strain-activated liquid culture medium, and culturing at 25deg.C and pH of 7 for 1.5 days; wherein, the activated liquid culture medium comprises the following raw materials by weight percent: 1% of peptone, 0.05% of sodium chloride, 2% of glucose, 1% of yeast extract, 2% of red date powder and the balance of water.
Example 1
The embodiment is used for explaining the feed additive and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention, and the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention.
(1) Preparation of feed additive
S1: the pretreated rhizoma atractylodis, black beans and garden burnet are processed according to the following steps: black bean: pulverizing radix Sangusorbae=30% (10%), and 30% by mass, mixing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain compound Chinese medicinal powder;
s2: uniformly mixing the compound traditional Chinese medicine powder obtained in the step S1 with flammulina velutipes powder according to the mass percentage of 50%, adding water, uniformly stirring, packaging the obtained material with a culture plastic bag, and steam sterilizing for 7h at 100 ℃ to obtain a culture medium with the water content of 60%;
s3: inoculating Ganoderma strain at 33deg.C, inoculating 2% of the culture medium obtained in step S2, fermenting at 25deg.C in dark and ventilated environment for 15 days to obtain material 1; under the condition of room temperature, taking Cordyceps militaris as an inoculation strain, performing second inoculation on the material 1 with the inoculation amount of 2%, and continuing fermentation for 15 days to obtain a material 2; under the condition of room temperature, bacillus natto is used as an inoculation strain, third inoculation is carried out on the material 2, the inoculation amount is 5%, and fermentation is continued for 2.5 days, so that the feed additive is obtained; before the second inoculation and the third inoculation are carried out, the culture bag is required to be rubbed, so that materials in the culture bag are loosened for fermentation of subsequent fermentation strains, and after the rubbing is finished, 75% alcohol is used for sterilizing the bag opening.
(2) Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed
And (3) uniformly mixing 2kg of the feed additive prepared in the step (1), 100kg of commercial pig feed and 40kg of water, and sealing and fermenting the obtained materials for 12 hours to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed.
Example 2
The embodiment is used for explaining the feed additive and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention, and the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention.
(1) Preparation of feed additive
S1: the pretreated rhizoma atractylodis, black beans and garden burnet are processed according to the following steps: black bean: pulverizing radix Sangusorbae=42.8% and 14.4% and 42.8% respectively, mixing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain compound Chinese medicinal powder;
s2: uniformly mixing the compound traditional Chinese medicine powder obtained in the step S1 with flammulina velutipes powder according to the mass percentage of 75 percent to 25 percent, then adding water, uniformly stirring, packaging the obtained material with a culture plastic bag, sterilizing by steam at 98 ℃ for 8 hours,
obtaining a culture medium, wherein the water content of the culture medium is 55%;
s3: inoculating Ganoderma strain at 35deg.C, inoculating 1% of the culture medium obtained in step S2, fermenting at 30deg.C in dark and ventilated environment for 8 days to obtain material 1; under the condition of room temperature, taking Cordyceps militaris as an inoculation strain, performing second inoculation on the material 1 with the inoculation amount of 5%, and continuing fermentation for 10 days to obtain a material 2; under the condition of room temperature, bacillus natto is used as an inoculation strain, the material 2 is inoculated for the third time, the inoculation amount is 2 percent, and the fermentation is continued for 2 days, so that the feed additive is obtained; before the second inoculation and the third inoculation are carried out, the culture bag is required to be rubbed, so that materials in the culture bag are loosened for fermentation of subsequent fermentation strains, and after the rubbing is finished, 75% alcohol is used for sterilizing the bag opening.
(2) Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed
And (3) uniformly mixing 5kg of the feed additive prepared in the step (1), 100kg of commercial pig feed and 40kg of water, and sealing and fermenting the obtained materials for 12 hours to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed.
Example 3
The embodiment is used for explaining the feed additive and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention, and the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention.
(1) Preparation of feed additive
S1: the pretreated rhizoma atractylodis, black beans and garden burnet are processed according to the following steps: black bean: pulverizing radix Sangusorbae=55.5% and 14.5% and 30% respectively, mixing, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain compound Chinese medicinal powder;
s2: uniformly mixing the compound traditional Chinese medicine powder obtained in the step S1 with flammulina velutipes powder according to the mass percentage of 90 percent to 10 percent, then adding water, uniformly stirring, packaging the obtained material with a culture plastic bag, and steam sterilizing for 6 hours at 105 ℃ to obtain a culture medium with the water content of 65 percent;
s3: inoculating Ganoderma strain at 30deg.C, inoculating 5% of the culture medium obtained in step S2, fermenting at 20deg.C in dark and ventilated environment for 20 days to obtain material 1; under the condition of room temperature, taking Cordyceps militaris as an inoculation strain, performing second inoculation on the material 1 with the inoculation amount of 1%, and continuing fermentation for 20 days to obtain a material 2; under the condition of room temperature, bacillus natto is used as an inoculation strain, the material 2 is inoculated for the third time, the inoculation amount is 8 percent, and fermentation is continued for 3 days, so that the feed additive is obtained; before the second inoculation and the third inoculation are carried out, the culture bag is required to be rubbed, so that materials in the culture bag are loosened for fermentation of subsequent fermentation strains, and after the rubbing is finished, 75% alcohol is used for sterilizing the bag opening.
(2) Preparation of traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed
Uniformly mixing 10kg of the feed additive prepared in the step (1), 100kg of commercial pig feed and 40kg of water, and sealing and fermenting the obtained materials for 12 hours to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed.
Effect example 1
The effect example verifies the influence of the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed on the growth performance of live pigs.
The test method comprises the following steps: about 10kg of 20 nursery pigs are selected, the nursery pigs are randomly divided into two groups after weighing and recording, each group is 10, the experimental group is fed with the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed obtained in the example 1, the control group is fed with the commercial pig feed, and the weight gain effect of the two groups is compared after 30 days of feeding. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the average daily weight gain of each pig in the experimental group is 0.820kg, and the average daily weight gain of each pig in the control group is 0.866kg; the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed disclosed by the invention can improve the growth performance of pigs.
Effect example 2
The effect example verifies the influence of the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed on the immunity performance of live pigs.
The test method comprises the following steps: about 18kg of pigs with negative porcine pseudorabies pathogens and antibodies are selected, randomly divided into two groups of 20 pigs, 10 pigs are fed with the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed obtained in the example 1 in each experimental group, a control group is fed with commercial pig feed, after 30 days of feeding, pseudorabies vaccine is injected, and after 10 days of feeding with commercial pig feed, the antibody levels of the two groups are compared. The test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
| Sequence number | Experimental group | Control group |
| 1 | 2.12(+) | 1.67(+) |
| 2 | 2.13(+) | 1.65(+) |
| 3 | 1.89(+) | 1.23(+) |
| 4 | 2.31(+) | 0.23(-) |
| 5 | 1.97(+) | 1.45(+) |
| 6 | 1.95(+) | 0.24(-) |
| 7 | 2.13(+) | 0.26(-) |
| 8 | 2.32(+) | 1.56(+) |
| 9 | 2.29(+) | 1.78(+) |
| 10 | 1.79(+) | 1.67(+) |
As can be seen from Table 2, after the live pigs are fed with the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed, the pigs can obtain stable high-titer antibodies, the pigs in the control group are not fed with the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed, and 3 pigs do not produce corresponding antibodies after vaccine injection.
Effect example 3
The effect example verifies the influence of the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed on the metabolic residues of veterinary drugs in pigs.
The test method comprises the following steps: about 10kg of nursery pigs are selected, 10 nursery pigs are randomly divided into two groups, 5 nursery pigs are fed with the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed obtained in the example 1 and ciprofloxacin, a control group is fed with commercial pig feed and ciprofloxacin, and after 7 days of feeding, the liver and kidney of the pigs are collected to detect the content of the ciprofloxacin. The test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the liver and kidney ciprofloxacin content of each pig in the experimental group was 194.6. Mu.g/kg and 631.8. Mu.g/kg, respectively; the content of ciprofloxacin in the liver and kidney of each pig in the control group is 563.2 mug/kg and 911.0 mug/kg respectively, which shows that the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed can remarkably increase metabolism and exclusion of ciprofloxacin in pigs (p < 0.05).
Effect example 4
The effect example verifies the influence of the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed on the pork quality.
The test method comprises the following steps: randomly selecting about 20kg of about 10 nursery pigs, feeding the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed obtained in the embodiment 1 as an experimental group, and after 60 days of feeding, respectively detecting pork quality of the experimental group by using commercially available pork as a control group; the test results are shown in tables 1-3.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the content of skatole and androstenone in pork and pork liver. Androstenone and skatole are two major classes of substances responsible for the smell of pork. Androstenone is a steroid secreted by testicular tissue and has a urine smell. The skatole is a product of degrading tryptophan by anaerobic microorganisms in the large intestine, and has extremely strong manure odor; dysbacteriosis in the intestinal tract of animals can cause an increase in the content of skatole. If the content of androstenone and skatole in pork is too high, the smell of the pork will be too great. In addition, too high a content of porcine androstenone may cause premature sexual or unbalanced hormone secretion in children. As can be seen from the figure 1, the content of the pig androstenone and the skatole in the test group is obviously lower than that of the commercial pork, which shows that the pig can be fed with the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed provided by the invention, so that the balance of intestinal flora and hormone metabolism in the pig can be improved, and the pork smell can be improved.
Fig. 2 is a graph of trace element content in pork. The mineral elements Ca, fe and Zn can regulate the functions of organ cells, play an important role in sexual development, sexual function and generation of germ cells of the organism, and are important elements for promoting the growth and development of the organism. As can be seen from fig. 2, the experimental group showed a significant increase in the calcium ion content in pork compared with the control group, indicating that the mineral content of pork can be increased after the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed is used for feeding.
FIG. 3 is a graph of protein content in pork and pork liver. The protein of pork is complete protein, is easy to be fully utilized by human body, has high nutritive value, and belongs to high-quality protein. The high-quality protein content is one of important indexes of pork quality. The liver is an important organ for storing nutrients and detoxifying in pigs, and the fatty liver and residual drug accumulation of pigs can be caused by improper feed additives. As can be seen from fig. 3, the total protein found in pork and pork liver of the experimental group is significantly higher than that found in the control group, which indicates that the protein content in pork can be increased after the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed is used for feeding.
Effect example 5
The effect example verifies the influence of the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed on pig manure.
The test method comprises the following steps: randomly selecting about 10kg of nursery pigs for 10 heads, feeding the traditional Chinese medicine fermented feed obtained in the example 1, and collecting and detecting pig manure after 7 days of feeding;
the detection method comprises the following steps:
1. appearance, organic matter, ph and total nutrients: NY525-2012 organic fertilizer;
2. moisture (fresh sample): measuring the content of free water in the GB/T8576-2010 compound fertilizer, and adopting a vacuum oven method;
3. total arsenic, total lead, total cadmium, total chromium and total mercury: ecological indexes of arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium and mercury in GB/T23049-2009 fertilizers;
4. fecal coliform count: measuring the coliform group of the manure in the GB/T19524-2004 fertilizer;
5. mortality rate of ascarid eggs: determination of mortality of ascariate eggs in GB/T19524-2004 fertilizer.
The test results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Table 4
Note that: and (X) indicates that the detection result is lower than the detection limit (X), namely, the detection result is not detected.
As can be seen from Table 4, after the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed is used for feeding, the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of pig manure is low, and the pig manure has no odor; the pH value of the pig manure is alkaline, and the organic matter content of the pig manure is high, so that the pig manure can be directly used as an alkaline organic fertilizer.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the scope of the invention, and that those skilled in the art will understand that the technical scheme of the invention may be modified or equally substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The feed additive is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: comprises the following components, by mass, 42.8-55.5% of compound traditional Chinese medicine powder, 10-28.5% of sanguisorba, and 22-42.8% of black beans; b: needle mushroom powder; c: the fermentation strain is ganoderma lucidum, cordyceps militaris and bacillus natto; the mass ratio of the raw material a to the raw material b is 50-90: 10 to 50 percent; wherein the garden burnet is stir-fried to be black;
the preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps:
preparation of the culture medium: uniformly mixing the compound traditional Chinese medicine powder, the flammulina velutipes powder and water according to the mass ratio, and sterilizing to obtain a culture medium;
fermentation: inoculating glossy ganoderma bacteria serving as an inoculating strain on a culture medium at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, and fermenting for 8-20 days at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain a material 1; under the condition of room temperature, taking Cordyceps militaris as an inoculation strain, performing second inoculation on the material 1, and continuing fermentation for 10-20 days to obtain a material 2; and under the condition of room temperature, bacillus natto is used as an inoculation strain, the material 2 is inoculated for the third time, and fermentation is continued for 2 to 3 days, so that the feed additive is obtained.
2. A method of preparing the feed additive of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
preparation of the culture medium: uniformly mixing the compound traditional Chinese medicine powder, the flammulina velutipes powder and water according to the mass ratio, and sterilizing to obtain a culture medium;
fermentation: inoculating glossy ganoderma bacteria serving as an inoculating strain on a culture medium at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, and fermenting for 8-20 days at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain a material 1; under the condition of room temperature, taking Cordyceps militaris as an inoculation strain, performing second inoculation on the material 1, and continuing fermentation for 10-20 days to obtain a material 2; and under the condition of room temperature, bacillus natto is used as an inoculation strain, the material 2 is inoculated for the third time, and fermentation is continued for 2 to 3 days, so that the feed additive is obtained.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the medium has a water content of 55% to 65%.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first inoculation is performed at an inoculum size of 1 to 5%.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the second inoculation is performed at an inoculum size of 1 to 5%.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the third inoculation is performed at an inoculum size of 2 to 8%.
7. Use of the feed additive according to claim 1 for preparing traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed.
8. A traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed, which is characterized by comprising the feed additive of claim 1.
9. A method for preparing the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed according to claim 8, which comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the feed additive, the basic feed and the water, and fermenting the obtained mixture at room temperature to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pig feed.
10. The preparation method according to claim 9, wherein the mass ratio of the feed additive to the basic feed is 2-10:100.
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| CN106588386A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-04-26 | 华北制药河北华民药业有限责任公司 | Harmless treatment method of antibiotic fermented mushroom residues for manufacturing organic fertilizer |
| CN108719581A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-11-02 | 山西峰秦蕈菌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of hickory chick biological fermentation feed and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106588386A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-04-26 | 华北制药河北华民药业有限责任公司 | Harmless treatment method of antibiotic fermented mushroom residues for manufacturing organic fertilizer |
| CN108719581A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-11-02 | 山西峰秦蕈菌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of hickory chick biological fermentation feed and preparation method thereof |
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